高二英语下学期期中模拟卷01（沪外版，上海专用）

高二英语下学期期中模拟卷01（上海通用） 英 语·参考答案 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1—5 BCBBC 6—10 BBBCA 11—15 BDBBA 16—20 DAADD II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．that 22．contracted 23．more streamlined 24．To get 25．but 26．what 27．can 28．consisted 29．for 30．that/which Section B 31. F 32. A 33. E 34. B 35. H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. I 40. C III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. B Section B 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. D 61. D 62. B 63．D 64．A 65．B 66．C Section C 67. C 68. A 69. E 70. D IV.Summary Writing (共10分） 71.Be cautious about the “I don’t care” attitude. While it can motivate perseverance by helping us stay focused on our goals despite external challenges, it also has two downsides — stubbornness and a tendency to shift blame. Indifference can damage relationships, and avoiding responsibility can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, strive for balance — care about the positive and ignore the negative. (60 words) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.We should all bear in mind that physical and mental health outweighs everything else. 73.Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? 74.It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. 75.On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Frank, This September, I was lucky to be a volunteer for the19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, which will be the most unforgettable experience in my life. My job as a volunteer was to organize the audience to enter the stadium and guide them to watch the game in a civilized way. Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because it played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene. This volunteer activity made me more responsible and benefited me a lot. Not only has it improved my spoken English, but it has also enhanced my ability to deal with foreigners. I will always be grateful for this experience. How are you doing? I hope you had a good winter holiday. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. One, i'm going to exchange some money for my trip to spain . tomorrow. Go with you, but I need to get some aspirin for my headache right now. Question, where will the woman most probably go first? Two, what's up? You look so upset? I should . have turned in my paper yesterday, but I totally slipped my . mind question, what's the man's problem? Three, which kind of movie do you like Better thriller or romance? Anything but a thillard . question, what does the woman mean? For can you believe that mary has made quite a lot of mistakes in calculation in her lab report? Well, SHE wouldn't have if he hadn't been in such a rush to . get that done. Question, why did mary make so many mistakes in her report? Five, my cousin lily said he had mailed me some desks, but they never came. You've just moved into a new dormant. Did you remind her to update the address question? What can we learn from the conversation? Six, wow, you've made enough food to feed an army, so we will have . plenty of leftover for tomorrow. Lunch question, what can be inferred from the conversation? Seven, i'm exhausted. I stayed up all nights studying for my biology final exam, but it's in vin. Well, there is no shortcut to learning, only constant effort works. Question, what does the woman mean? Eight, it's the third time this week my room made through a party in our room. I wonder if I should talk to someone at the housing office about changing rooms. IT seems that you've got a sound reason. Now question, what does the man imply the woman should do? Nine, did you hear Helen has got the modeling job? Wow, all that walking practice really paid off. And for once, SHE won't be complaining about being so tall. Question, what can we know about Helen? Ten, many chinese students are too shy to say anything in the classroom. Well, I think it's because their culture, values, modesty, and they don't want to appear to be showing off. Question, what does the man mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. The united kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of europe, but IT hasn't always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the U. K. Was attached to europe by a stretch of land known as dogger land. And the evidence of the people who live there is regularly found roughly twelve thousand years ago as the last major ice age was ending. The area that is, now the north sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and valleys full of trees. Stone age people lived in dogger land. They were hunter gathering who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting and gathering food such as nuts and barriers. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water, which had been locked away in glaser, began to melt, drowning dogger land. Around six thousand years ago, people were forced into the higher ground in water. Today's england and the netherlands, the evidence of the ancient people's presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern Fishermen often find bones and tools that date back two, about nine thousand years ago. Those studying dogger land say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within sixty kilometers of a sea shore today. If polar ice caps continue to melt, add a rapid pace. Now listen again, please. The united kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of europe, but IT hasn't always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the U. K. Was attached to europe by a stretch of land known as dog land. And the evidence of the people who lived there is regularly found roughly twelve thousand years ago as the last major ice age was ending. The area that is, now the north sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and full of trees. Stone age people lived in dogger land. They were hunter gathers who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting and gathering food such as nuts and barriers. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water, which had been locked away in glaser, began to melt, drowning dogger land. Around six thousand years ago, people were forced in the higher ground in water. Today's england and the netherlands, the evidence of the ancient people's presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern Fishermen often find bones and tools that date back two, about nine thousand years ago. Those studying dogger land say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within sixty kilometers of a sea shore today. If polar ice caps continue to melt, add a rapid pace. Questions eleven, why did stone age people leave dog land? Twelve, what can we learn about dog land? Thirteen, what can be inferred from the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. IT is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on mars, but scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, america's space agency, has found there was surface water on the mars. So since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was, or still is, life on the planet. At a meeting in california, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on mars. They said for the first time that they had done very small amounts of barren. Barren is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules. And RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. IT will bring rocks from mars back to earth. Scientists in britain are getting ready for those mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined two hundred million year old volcanic rocks found deep in the pacific ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth. Next, the scientists in britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from mars. The material comes from a time when mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hoped to get the same findings in the rocks from mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from mars will also show signs of life. Now listen again, please. IT is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on mars, but scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, america's space agency, has found there was surface water on the mars, so since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was, or still is life on the planet. At a meeting in california, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on mars. They said for the first time that they had done very small amounts of barren. Barren is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules, and RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. IT will bring rocks from mars back to earth. Scientists in britain are getting ready for those mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined two hundred million year old volcanic rocks found deep in the pacific ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth. Next, the scientists in britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from mars. The material comes from a time when mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hoped to get the same findings in the rocks from mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from mars will also show signs of life questions. Fourteen, which of the following statements is true according to the passage? Fifteen, what do scientists hope to fine through examining the rocks from mars? Sixteen, what is the passage mainly about? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Welcome, joe. You made an amazing journey traveling across europe on a skate board. What made you decide to do IT? Two years ago, I was fed up with my job, and I heard about board walk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for board walk by skate boarding through france to spain, about three thousand kilometers. Did you get help from local businesses? definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast. france. great. Did you travel on your own? Two friends in their camp. Er van acted as a backup vehicle. They didn't actually follow me, but they Carry the tents and luggage between the overnight the stock finally enough, their van broke down a couple of times while I had no problems at all with my skate board, although I took several spare sets . of wheels. How many pairs of . shoes did you need? Five pairs. There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day that was crossing the mountains into spain. The roads were really steep and stony, and I could see snow up on the mountain tops coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a break. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. And how do you feel now? It's all over fantastic because IT has been so successful for board walk. I'm going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed, but i've been busy sorting the material of my trip. IT is meaningful. That's great. Thanks for talking to us. joe. Now listening again. Please welcome, joe. You made an amazing journey traveling across europe on a skateboard. What made you decide to do? IT? Two years ago, I was fed up with my job, and I heard about board walk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for board, walk by skype ing through france to spain, about three thousand kilometers. Did you get help from local businesses? definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast of friends. great. Did you travel on your own? Two friends in their camp, er van acted as a backup vehicle. They didn't actually follow me, but they Carried the tense and luggage between the overnight night stops. Funding enough there, then broke down a couple of times. Well, I had no problems at all with my skate board, although I took several spare . sets of wheels. How many pairs . of shoes did you need? Five pairs. There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day that was crossing the mountains into spain. The roads were really steep and stony, and I could see snow up on the mountain tops coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a break. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. And how do you feel? Now it's all over. fantastic. Because IT has been so successful for board walk. I'm going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed, but i've been busy sorting the material of my trip. IT is meaningful. That's great. Thanks for talking to us. Show questions seventeen, why did joe start the journey on a skateboard? Eighteen, what did jose friends do along the journey? Nineteen, how did joe ruin a new pair of trainers within a day? Twenty, what might joe do after the interview? 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷01（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. nurse. B. A physician. C. A consultant. D. A technician. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 5 yuan. B. 7 yuan. C. 6 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Coffee promotion. B. A sale in the supermarket. C. Problems with the business. D. Closure of a supermarket. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman disliked Ted’s paintings. B. The woman didn’t see the paintings. C. The exhibition was cancelled last week. D. Ted was disappointed with the exhibition. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was a bit tasteless. B. It was too small in portion. C. It was extremely delicious. D. It was quite popular globally. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Contact the courier to change the delivery time. B. Subscribe to the couriers’ delivery alert system. C. Collect the package from the station right away. D. Ask the courier to leave the package at the door. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They should ask the client for more time. B. Overtime will help them achieve the goal. C. The deadline for the draft’s is unreasonable. D. They are too busy to finish the design on time. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Dr. Smith misunderstood his words. B. He was unprepared for the situation. C. He intentionally challenged Dr. Smith. D. He felt stressed out in front of Dr. Smith. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Schedule another meeting. B. Prepare the meeting materials. C. Send reminders to the members. D. Wait for more replies to come in. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man wasn’t bothered by the delay. B. The man had finished his reading plan. C. The woman waited the bus for a long time. D. The woman should have chosen another way to come. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Because it attracts their owners’ attention. B. Because it helps them mark their territory. C. Because it’s easier to sharpen their claws on it. D. Because they prefer soft surfaces for scratching. 12. A. To attract other cats to play. B. To soothe their paws while scratching. C. To help cats find their way back home. D. To leave a smell that marks their territory. 13. A. To make their paws less sensitive. B. To make way for new claws to grow. C. To scare away other animals immediately. D. To avoid getting their claws stuck in furniture. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To explain how to calculate BMI accurately. B. To discuss the uses and limitations of BMI as a measure. C. To encourage people to avoid using BMI to assess health. D. To prove that BMI is unreliable for groups outside Europe. 15. A. It was created by a European mathematician. B. Europeans’ height and weight are more consistent. C. Other ethnicities have variable body compositions. D. It was designed specifically for European lifestyles. 16. A. By revising BMI reference standards. B. By eliminating prejudice against BMI. C. By adjusting the BMI calculation formula. D. By using BMI along with other health indicators. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.  听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Record himself while practicing. B. Join the campus toastmasters club. C. Ask a friend to watch him practice. D. Attend weekly sessions with supportive people. 18. A. Utilize a hook to grab attention. B. Tell a funny joke to relax audience. C. Introduce his personal background. D. List main points directly and clearly. 19. A. Present outline on the first slide. B. Replace them with a written script. C. Add animations to keep the audience focused. D. Use pictures or charts instead of too much text. 20. A. Recommend more practice methods. B. Help him record his practice methods. C. Write a draft of his presentation for him. D. Be a listener during practice and share opinions. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Internet is changing the way we communicate. LOL, awks, amazeballs, BRB, the use of emoji and emoticon — and even writing facial expressions such as ‘sad face’ — have all become standard in digital communications. So ingrained, in fact, 21   they're changing the way we write and even talk. There’s no doubt that the consumption of abbreviated digital content is having a huge effect on language. “Over the last five years attention spans have shortened considerably, which is reflected in the   22   (contract) forms of language we see in social media,” says Robin Kermode. However, some think that the internet has made us better communicators since we increasingly use much   23   (streamlined) language. “ 24   (get) a message across using Twitter for example, it must be concise and must conform to the tone used there, which includes abbreviations, acronyms.” The fastest growing ‘new language’ in the world is emoticons (faces) and emojis (images of objects, which hail from Japan), which are one of the biggest changes caused by digital communications. “Facial expressions, visual presence and body language have always been vital to being a confident speaker, 25 now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication,” thinks Kermode, who adds that cavemen had early versions of emojis on the sides of their caves. “Pictures, cartoons or emojis are ‘shortcuts’ so we can be clear about 26   our message really means.” Emoticons and emojis are arguably more meaningful than slang and shorthand, which 27 be too easily misunderstood. “I once witnessed a girl being dumped in a text, which   28 (consist) of a message with just five letters, U R MY X' — linguistically economic, but emotionally harsh,” says Kermode. Trouble is, the sender had actually meant YOU ARE MINE. X’ “If he’d added three emojis — like a smiley face, a heart and a wedding ring, he might now be happily married!” The same goes 29 a statement such as “I NEED TO SPEAK TO YOU RIGHT NOW”, which needs a qualifying emoticon or emoji to give it meaning. “It could signal an angry meeting or a passionate meeting but add a coffee cup, a big smiley face or an angry face and it becomes clear what’s really going on,” says Kermode. They may be derided by traditionalists, but emoticons and emojis used to describe mood are the body language add-on 30 the written word has always lacked. In most instances, these icons represent language evolution and progress, not regression. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are ____31____ overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of ____32____ thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can ____33____understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are ____34____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____35____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become ____36____. It can spread false information or ____37____ people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____38____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must ____39____ it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and _____40_____ resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The world’s top insect experts say our planet’s important insect population is going through a “death by a thousand cuts”. A new group of studies suggests Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year. The losses are ____41____ climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals. David Wagner of the University of Connecticut is the lead writer of the 12 studies, which recently appeared in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it. The ____42____ of the issue makes it hard to get the public interested in possible solutions. Wagner said scientists need to find out if the levels of insect ____43____ are bigger in comparison to other species. May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____44____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____45____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____46____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. Wagner said two famous insects, honeybees and Monarch butterflies, are good examples of the current _____47_____ insects face. Honeybees have been ___48____ because of disease, chemicals and lack of food. Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____49____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____50____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). The recent scientific papers do not provide new data, so they show a big but ___51____ picture of a problem that is starting to get more attention. Scientists have ____52____ 1 million insect species,while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered, Berenbaum said. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware was not part of the studies, but he said the research demonstrates how the world has “spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and ____53____ pennies (a small amount of money) working to preserve them”. In an email to the Associated Press, Tallamy said the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to ____54____ insect losses. “This is a global problem with a grassroots. ___55____,” he wrote. 41. A. replaced with B. mistaken for C. prohibited from D. blamed on 42. A. objective B. significance C. complexity D. sensitivity 43. A. loss B. species C. evolution D. distinction 44. A. owed B. compared C. contributed D. recommended 45. A. efficient B. difficult C. purposeful D. convincing 46. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 47. A. alternatives B. dimensions C. problems D. habitats 48. A. doubling B. escaping C. intervening D. disappearing 49. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 50. A. cultivate B. remove C. beautify D. visualize 51. A. unavoidable B. unappealing C. inappropriate D. incomplete 52. A. identified B. threatened C. anticipated D. neglected 53. A. private B. additional C. mere D. primitive 54. A. stop B. suffer C. generate D. explain 55. A. contradiction B. solution C. expectation D. promise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In my childhood, my parents would take me to watch games. I loved the excitement I would feel when we went to watch these events, especially when the scores were close until the very end of the game. My meaningful attempt at sports began with T-ball at the age of three, progressed to the basketball court at six, and finally turned into a firm devotion to the game of baseball from the age of eight onward. One of my most memorable moments was at the World Series when I was eleven and played on the Texas Rattlers. The July heat was unbearable. It was the semi-final game. Sweating like a pig, we ran into the dugout for our last at-bat (上场击球); we were down one run now. I was the second hitter and captain of the team, and I was ready for this moment. In the next few seconds, I had the chance to show my strength as a hitter and my ability to be a leader under pressure by hitting a home run! We carried the day! As the team captain, I remember the time I had to give a speech to my team because we had lost an important game. I was nervous, but I knew it was my responsibility to cheer my team up when they were cast down. This experience has shaped my mind, making me become more independent, so I’m obtaining the ability to talk like a leader in front of my team and a group. Sports get it through my head that you can’t win at everything in life all the time. On and of the field, I am more iron-willed, disciplined (遵守纪律的) and respectful, and a better leader. I have had so many awesome experiences through sports, which have taught me much and prepared me for the future. The memories of all the trips and diverse experiences I have had will be with me for a lifetime. 56. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph? A. He often switched sports. B. He was a gifted child in sports. C. He had a busy childhood. D. He was fond of sports from childhood. 57. How did the author feel during the semi-final at the World Series? A. Stressed and tired. B. Proud and confident. C. Unbearable and down. D. Surprised and energetic. 58. What was tough for the author according to paragraph 3? A. Leading his team to face failure. B. Giving a speech before the team. C. Improving his leadership qualities. D. Overcoming his own nervousness. 59. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Interesting Life of Sports B. Life Lessons from Sports C. Deep Affection for Sports D. Special Moments in Sports (B) Join us as we explore the most photogenic roads in the world! The road experts at Instarmac take a look at some of the world’s most famous roads on Instagram and advise which is the best to help make your feed look fantastic! Route 66 Even though Route 66 was officially removed from the US Highway System almost 40 years ago, it remains one of the world’s most popular and culturally significant roads. A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2. 1 million posts using the hashtag (标签) #route66. Great Ocean Road Stretching for 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a painful and beautiful expedition. Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War. the Great Ocean Road links the towns of Torquay and Allansford. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way travels across much of Ireland’s west coast and is Europe’s most westerly road. With panoramic (全景的) views stretching out over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to stunning natural rock Formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made features like the lighthouse at Fanad Head and the Baltimore Beacon. Big Sue One of the world’s most beautiful coastlines is Big Sur, an California’s Central Coast. The Bit Sue Coast Highway is home to a number of extremely Instagrammable features. Well worth a visit for the mad-tripper, particularly if you can get there in the quieter months outside of the school or summer holidays! 60. Which road was built in memory of a historical event? A. Route 66. B. Big Sur. C. Wild Atlantic Way. D. Great Ocean Road. 61. What is special about Wild Atlantic Way? A. It is the longest coastal road. B. It lies on Ireland’s eastern coast. C. It travels across much of Europe. D. It features natural and artificial scenery. 62. What do the roads Route 66 and Big Sur have in common? A. They both are coastal roads. B. They appeal to road trip lovers. C. They bear traditional cultural value. D. They remain part of the US Highway System. (C) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 63．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 64．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 66．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Airchat—Is this the next big thing, or is it all just talk? Imagine a social media app where text takes a back seat and voice takes center stage! That’s the experience Airchat promises. And this new take on social media is shaking things up in the tech world. Airchat is an audio-focused social media platform. ____67____ The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read. It’s a mix between a podcast and an X (formerly Twitter) feed. Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text-first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal. ____68____ What’s more, the app offers an auto play feature, allowing you to listen when you’re out and about. Right now, Airchat is an invite-only app. On a practical level, this makes the app easier to manage because the user base is limited. But it’s also a marketing technique that fuels interest by making a product feel special. Some tech writers have noted similarities between Clubhouse, an app popular in 2020, and Airchat. Both apps are audio-focused, started as invite-only and are mostly popular in the tech community. But there’s a key difference. Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences. ____69____ There’s no time-sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning. ____70____ Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system. The developers expect users to check the content themselves and remove offending posts using in-app tools. In extreme cases, Airchat employees may remove a user from the platform. But this system may not be sufficient to keep a large user base under control. So, will Airchat blow up or quietly disappear? That remains to be seen, but one thing’s for sure: It’s an exciting new voice in the world of online communication. A. It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices. B. As a result, a lot of Air chat users think it offensive when they are using Air chat. C. Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages. D. In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more. E. Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient. F. Airchat can be used not only for online meetings but also for offline conferences. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Be Careful with an “I Don’t Care” Attitude In today’s world, the “I don’t care” attitude is becoming increasingly popular. Phrases like “I don’t care what anybody thinks” are often used to express freedom and relief. While this attitude can be liberating, it also comes with potential risks. Understanding when to adopt this mindset can make a great difference. The “I don’t care” attitude can be quite beneficial when it motivates us to persevere, especially when others have given up. Lei Jun, for instance, faced multiple skepticism when founding Xiaomi, but he kept searching for a new approach in the smartphone market without worrying about criticism. It was his perseverance in producing cost-effective phones that enabled him to win favor with massive users. As you can see in Lei’s example, ignoring external doubts can actually help us stay focused on our own goals. However, the “I don’t care” mindset can also have negative consequences if it stems from stubbornness or blame-shifting. Many relationships suffer because one person becomes indifferent to the feelings of others, focusing solely on their own desires and ignoring how interconnected people’s needs are. At times, refusing to care serves as a defense mechanism to avoid responsibility, which can lead to a disaster. In the case of the 2008 financial crisis, many financial institutions claimed that the risky lending and mortgage practices were none of their business, which eventually led to massive layoffs and bankruptcies. It’s crucial to reflect on why we adopt the “I don’t care” attitude. Are we motivated by confidence in our decisions, or are we simply avoiding challenges? Ultimately, the key is balance. There are times when it’s crucial to care deeply about others, the truth, and personal growth. At other times, it’s equally important to remain indifferent to negativity, distractions, or unnecessary pressures. By carefully choosing when to embrace the “I don’t care” attitude, we can lead more fulfilling lives. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 我们都要谨记，身心健康重于一切。(bear) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 73. 谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 74. 这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年，实在令人心生敬意。(It) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 75. 初冬的午后，我漫步在这所知名学府的校园，踏着铺满落叶的草坪，享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Frank写信询问你在第十九届杭州亚运会上的志愿者经历。请你给他写一封回信。要点如下： 1. 介绍服务内容； 2. 分享感受； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 亚运会 Asian Game Dear Frank, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷01（上海通用） 英 语·全解全析 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. nurse. B. A physician. C. A consultant. D. A technician. 【答案】B 【解析】 原文】M: I’ve had a sore throat and fever since yesterday. W: Let me check your symptoms first, and I’ll write you a prescription. Q: What might the woman be? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 5 yuan. B. 7 yuan. C. 6 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Excuse me, what’s the price for black-and-white printing here? M: It’s 0.5 yuan per page for less than 10 pages. For 10 pages or more, it’s 0.4 yuan per page. Q: How much should the woman pay if she prints 15 pages? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Coffee promotion. B. A sale in the supermarket. C. Problems with the business. D. Closure of a supermarket. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business. W: Sounds like an ideal time to stock up on coffee. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman disliked Ted’s paintings. B. The woman didn’t see the paintings. C. The exhibition was cancelled last week. D. Ted was disappointed with the exhibition. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: What did you think of the paintings that Ted was showing last week? W: I never made it to the exhibit. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was a bit tasteless. B. It was too small in portion. C. It was extremely delicious. D. It was quite popular globally. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Have you tried Susan’s apple-pie? W: I got the last piece. And it was out of this world. Q: What does the woman say about Susan’s apple-pie? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Contact the courier to change the delivery time. B. Subscribe to the couriers’ delivery alert system. C. Collect the package from the station right away. D. Ask the courier to leave the package at the door. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I missed the courier again — they left a note saying I need to pick up the package at the station. M: Why not sign up for their delivery reminder service? You’ll get a text an hour before they arrive. Q: What does the man advise the woman to do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They should ask the client for more time. B. Overtime will help them achieve the goal. C. The deadline for the draft’s is unreasonable. D. They are too busy to finish the design on time. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: If we finish the design draft by Friday, we can present it to the client next Monday. W: That’s a tight schedule, but we can make it if everyone works an extra hour each day. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Dr. Smith misunderstood his words. B. He was unprepared for the situation. C. He intentionally challenged Dr. Smith. D. He felt stressed out in front of Dr. Smith. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Are you crazy? How come you blurted that out in front of Dr. smith? M: I don’t know, I guess he just caught me off guard. Q: What does the man mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Schedule another meeting. B. Prepare the meeting materials. C. Send reminders to the members. D. Wait for more replies to come in. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Is everything on track for the committee meeting next Monday? Have all the members been notified? W: I’ve sent the emails out, but I haven’t heard back from everyone yet. I’ll follow up with them tomorrow to get the ball rolling. Q: What will the man probably do next? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man wasn’t bothered by the delay. B. The man had finished his reading plan. C. The woman waited the bus for a long time. D. The woman should have chosen another way to come. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m sorry I made you wait. The bus was stuck in traffic and took forever to get here. M: No harm done. I was able to catch up on some reading. Q: What can be inferred about the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Because it attracts their owners’ attention. B. Because it helps them mark their territory. C. Because it’s easier to sharpen their claws on it. D. Because they prefer soft surfaces for scratching. 12. A. To attract other cats to play. B. To soothe their paws while scratching. C. To help cats find their way back home. D. To leave a smell that marks their territory. 13. A. To make their paws less sensitive. B. To make way for new claws to grow. C. To scare away other animals immediately. D. To avoid getting their claws stuck in furniture. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. B 【解析】 【原文】 Even the most obsessive fan of cats in the world can agree. It’s super annoying when they scratch up your stuff with their claws. But why do they do it? Sometimes it might seem like cats scratch furniture simply to get under our skin. But according to experts, there’s a pretty straightforward reason for it. Cats tend to scratch the nicest and most noticeable pieces of furniture in the room as a warning to other animals that it’s their territory. Think of it like a cat marking their favorite place to sit, so that no one else would dare come close, but it’s actually not just the scratches that a cat is leaving behind. They also have scent glands in their paws that leave a distinct odor that cats, dogs, and other animals can smell to let them know which cat owns the place. So that’s the main reason that cats love to tear up the place, but it’s not the only one. They also do it to help them file down their claws or even pull them off, so that a fresh one can grow. They also use their scratching time as a chance to stretch out their back muscles, so they can stay nice and loose for all that scurrying about. If you live with a cat who loves to tear the couch to shreds there is something you can do to try and stop them. Buy a scratch post for your cat to tear apart instead. That way, the cat can mark its territory and that brand new couch can still look nice. Questions: 1. Why do cats tend to scratch the nicest and most noticeable furniture? 2. What is the function of the scent glands in cats’ paws? 3. Why do cats sometimes pull off their claws while scratching according to the passage? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To explain how to calculate BMI accurately. B. To discuss the uses and limitations of BMI as a measure. C. To encourage people to avoid using BMI to assess health. D. To prove that BMI is unreliable for groups outside Europe. 15. A. It was created by a European mathematician. B. Europeans’ height and weight are more consistent. C. Other ethnicities have variable body compositions. D. It was designed specifically for European lifestyles. 16. A. By revising BMI reference standards. B. By eliminating prejudice against BMI. C. By adjusting the BMI calculation formula. D. By using BMI along with other health indicators. 【答案】14. B 15. A 16. D 【解析】 【原文】 Take your height in meters, square it, then divide it by your weight in kilograms. That’s how you calculate your body mass index, or BMI. If it’s between 18 and 25, your weight is healthy. If it’s over, it isn’t. BMI has become a popular measure for people to check their health. On a population level, data backs this up. People with a high BMI are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Checking BMI could be a way for people to easily assess their health and decide if they need to make any lifestyle changes. However, BMI does not give the full picture. It’s known that it’s less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was devised in the 19th Century by a Belgian mathematician, and this may be why the figures are more accurate for Europeans than other ethnicities. BMI also fails to account for several key factors. For example, highly active individuals may carry substantial muscle weight, but BMI cannot distinguish this from health-harming fat. People can have a high BMI and be relatively healthy, while others may have a low BMI but be unhealthy. The simplicity of BMI is attractive, it’s also very visible and fits with society’s perception of the importance of weight. However, dependence on it as an indication of health can cause prejudice. People can feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they know they’re likely to be questioned on it. While BMI may be a useful measure, experts remind us that it should always be considered alongside other measures. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? 2. Why might BMI be more accurate for Europeans than other ethnicities? 3. How can we improve the accuracy of BMI in health assessment? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.  听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Record himself while practicing. B. Join the campus toastmasters club. C. Ask a friend to watch him practice. D. Attend weekly sessions with supportive people. 18. A. Utilize a hook to grab attention. B. Tell a funny joke to relax audience. C. Introduce his personal background. D. List main points directly and clearly. 19. A. Present outline on the first slide. B. Replace them with a written script. C. Add animations to keep the audience focused. D. Use pictures or charts instead of too much text. 20. A. Recommend more practice methods. B. Help him record his practice methods. C. Write a draft of his presentation for him. D. Be a listener during practice and share opinions. 【答案】17. A 18. A 19. D 20. D 【解析】 【原文】M: Emma, any tips for public speaking? I have a 15-minute presentation next month and I’m really nervous — never done anything this formal before. W: Totally get it! Public speaking scared me too at first. Tried the campus toastmasters club? They hold weekly sessions with supportive people. M: I’ve heard of it, but my schedule’s packed. Any more time-efficient ways? W: Record yourself practicing! You can spot filler words or bad posture easily. M: Good idea. How to structure it so the audience stays focused? I don’t want them to zone out. W: Keep it simple — start with a hook, then 3-4 clear main points. Use fewer slides. M: Fewer slides, right? I’ve sat through presentations with too many texts on screen. W: Exactly! Slides should just support your words, not replace them. Use pictures or charts instead. M: Should I memorize the whole script or just key points? W: Outlines are way better. Memorizing sounds robotic, and you’ll panic if you blank out. M: Makes sense. What about pacing? I tend to talk fast when I’m nervous. W: Practice slowing down — pause after important points. Maybe time yourself to stay within 15 minutes. M: Thanks so much! Wanna be my practice audience when I have a draft? I value your feedback. W: Sure! I’ll bring snacks and take notes. Just let me know when you’re ready. M: Perfect. I’ll start recording myself this weekend. W: You’ve got this — most people are just glad it’s not them speaking, not judging every word. 1. What time-efficient tip does Emma give the man for public speaking practice? 2. What does Emma suggest the man do to start his presentation? 3 What does Emma say about slides for the presentation? 4. What does the man want the woman to do? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Internet is changing the way we communicate. LOL, awks, amazeballs, BRB, the use of emoji and emoticon — and even writing facial expressions such as ‘sad face’ — have all become standard in digital communications. So ingrained, in fact, 21   they're changing the way we write and even talk. There’s no doubt that the consumption of abbreviated digital content is having a huge effect on language. “Over the last five years attention spans have shortened considerably, which is reflected in the   22   (contract) forms of language we see in social media,” says Robin Kermode. However, some think that the internet has made us better communicators since we increasingly use much   23   (streamlined) language. “ 24   (get) a message across using Twitter for example, it must be concise and must conform to the tone used there, which includes abbreviations, acronyms.” The fastest growing ‘new language’ in the world is emoticons (faces) and emojis (images of objects, which hail from Japan), which are one of the biggest changes caused by digital communications. “Facial expressions, visual presence and body language have always been vital to being a confident speaker, 25 now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication,” thinks Kermode, who adds that cavemen had early versions of emojis on the sides of their caves. “Pictures, cartoons or emojis are ‘shortcuts’ so we can be clear about 26   our message really means.” Emoticons and emojis are arguably more meaningful than slang and shorthand, which 27 be too easily misunderstood. “I once witnessed a girl being dumped in a text, which   28 (consist) of a message with just five letters, U R MY X' — linguistically economic, but emotionally harsh,” says Kermode. Trouble is, the sender had actually meant YOU ARE MINE. X’ “If he’d added three emojis — like a smiley face, a heart and a wedding ring, he might now be happily married!” The same goes 29 a statement such as “I NEED TO SPEAK TO YOU RIGHT NOW”, which needs a qualifying emoticon or emoji to give it meaning. “It could signal an angry meeting or a passionate meeting but add a coffee cup, a big smiley face or an angry face and it becomes clear what’s really going on,” says Kermode. They may be derided by traditionalists, but emoticons and emojis used to describe mood are the body language add-on 30 the written word has always lacked. In most instances, these icons represent language evolution and progress, not regression. 【答案】 21．that 22．contracted 23．more streamlined 24．To get 25．but 26．what 27．can 28．consisted 29．for 30．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了互联网正改变人们的交流方式，网络缩写、表情符号等成为数字沟通的标准形式，分析了其对语言表达、人们沟通能力的影响，指出表情符号弥补了书面文字缺乏肢体语言的缺陷，是语言的进化而非倒退。 21．考查连词。句意：事实上，这些表达方式已经根深蒂固，以至于正在改变我们的书写甚至说话方式。so...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so置于句首时句子会倒装，此处正常语序为they're so ingrained that they're changing the way we write and even talk，故填that。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：过去五年里，人们的注意力持续时间大幅缩短，这一点体现在我们在社交媒体上看到的简洁化的语言形式中。此处修饰名词forms，应用非谓语动词作定语，contract与forms之间为被动关系，意为“被简化的语言形式”，应用过去分词形式contracted。故填contracted。 23．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一些人认为互联网让我们成为了更好的沟通者，因为我们越来越多地使用更加简洁的语言。much用来修饰形容词比较级，streamlined的比较级为more streamlined，意为“更简洁的；更精简的”。故填more streamlined。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，要通过推特传达一条信息，这条信息必须简洁，且必须符合推特上的用语语气，其中包括缩写和首字母缩写词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表“为了传达信息”，句首单词首字母大写。故填To get。 25．考查连词。句意：面部表情、视觉表现和肢体语言对于成为一名自信的说话者来说一直至关重要，但现在表情符号正模糊口头交流和书面交流之间的界限。前文说肢体语言等的重要性，后文说表情符号模糊了口头与书面交流的界限，前后为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 26．考查宾语从句。句意：图片、卡通或表情符号是一种“捷径”，能让我们清楚地表达信息的真正含义。此处为宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，从句中means后缺少宾语，且指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 27．考查情态动词。句意：可以说，表情符号比俚语和速记更有意义，因为俚语和速记很容易被误解。此处表示“能够；可能”，用情态动词can，后接动词原形，符合语境。故填can。 28．考查动词时态。句意：我曾目睹一个女孩在短信中被分手，那条短信只有五个字母：U R MY X——从语言上来说很简洁，但情感上却很伤人。根据前文once witnessed可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，consist的过去式为consisted。故填consisted。 29．考查介词。句意：同样的情况也适用于这样的表述：“我现在需要和你谈谈”，这句话需要一个起限定作用的表情符号来赋予它具体含义。go for为固定搭配，意为“适用于；适合”。故填for。 30．考查定语从句。句意：传统主义者可能会嘲笑这些表情符号，但用来描述情绪的表情符号是书面文字一直缺乏的肢体语言补充。此处为定语从句，先行词是the body language add-on，指物，且关系词在从句中作lacked的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are ____31____ overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of ____32____ thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can ____33____understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are ____34____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____35____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become ____36____. It can spread false information or ____37____ people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____38____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must ____39____ it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and _____40_____ resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. 【答案】31. F 32. A 33. E 34. B 35. H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. I 40. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要为流言正名，阐述其积极社交功能并指出关键在于正确使用。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，流言在社交和情感方面的作用却被极大地忽视了。空处修饰动词overlooked，应用副词；结合选项，副词massively“极大地；大量地”符合语境，指流言的积极作用被严重忽视。故选F。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：流言能帮助我们理解抽象的想法：当我们有益地谈论他人时，我们会分析他们的行为模式，包括结合他们的动机和影响来解读其行为。空处修饰名词thought，应用形容词；形容词abstract“抽象的”符合语境，指流言可将抽象想法具象化分析。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，善意的流言能够加深理解和共鸣，让人们更有能力找到解决相关冲突的正确方法。情态动词can后接动词原形；结合后文better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts可知，动词deepen“加深；深化”符合语境，指善意流言的积极作用。故选E。 【34题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在另一个层面上，我们会和一起聊八卦的人建立情感联结。固定搭配bond with sb. 意为“与某人建立亲密关系”，此处用现在进行时，结合选项填bonding。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它让我们能够坦诚相待，而不必假装总是很有耐心。介词短语instead of后接动名词形式；结合前文lets us be honest可知，动词pretending“假装”符合语境，指不用伪装自己的情绪。故选H。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，流言有时也会变得具有诱惑性（易引人误入歧途）。系动词become后接形容词作表语；结合后文It can spread false information可知，形容词 tempting“诱惑人的；易引发不良后果的”符合语境，指流言存在的负面影响隐患。故选K。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：它可能会传播虚假信息，或者让人蒙羞。情态动词can后接动词原形，与spread并列作谓语；结合后文causing hurt可知，动词shame“使蒙羞；使丢脸”符合语境，指流言的伤害性。故选J。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我们有意且努力地建设性地聊八卦，而非破坏性地传播时，流言就成了一种社交和情感工具，能给我们提供一个处理情绪、产生共鸣、建立联结和放松的空间。空处修饰动词gossip，应用副词；结合后文rather than destructively可知，副词constructively“建设性地”与之对应，指正确的流言方式。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，我们必须重新定义它。情态动词must后接动词原形；结合前文We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation可知，动词redefine“重新定义”符合语境，指不否定流言，而是重新认识它的价值。故选I。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：与其“戒掉”流言，不如将其视为一种无偏见社会观察和冲突解决方法，这样会更有意义。空处与social observation并列，作介词of的宾语，应用名词；结合前文resolve referenced conflicts可知，名词conflict“冲突”符合语境，指流言可作为解决冲突的途径。故选C。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The world’s top insect experts say our planet’s important insect population is going through a “death by a thousand cuts”. A new group of studies suggests Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year. The losses are ____41____ climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals. David Wagner of the University of Connecticut is the lead writer of the 12 studies, which recently appeared in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it. The ____42____ of the issue makes it hard to get the public interested in possible solutions. Wagner said scientists need to find out if the levels of insect ____43____ are bigger in comparison to other species. May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____44____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____45____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____46____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. Wagner said two famous insects, honeybees and Monarch butterflies, are good examples of the current _____47_____ insects face. Honeybees have been ___48____ because of disease, chemicals and lack of food. Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____49____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____50____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). The recent scientific papers do not provide new data, so they show a big but ___51____ picture of a problem that is starting to get more attention. Scientists have ____52____ 1 million insect species,while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered, Berenbaum said. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware was not part of the studies, but he said the research demonstrates how the world has “spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and ____53____ pennies (a small amount of money) working to preserve them”. In an email to the Associated Press, Tallamy said the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to ____54____ insect losses. “This is a global problem with a grassroots. ___55____,” he wrote. 41. A. replaced with B. mistaken for C. prohibited from D. blamed on 42. A. objective B. significance C. complexity D. sensitivity 43. A. loss B. species C. evolution D. distinction 44. A. owed B. compared C. contributed D. recommended 45. A. efficient B. difficult C. purposeful D. convincing 46. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 47. A. alternatives B. dimensions C. problems D. habitats 48. A. doubling B. escaping C. intervening D. disappearing 49. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 50. A. cultivate B. remove C. beautify D. visualize 51. A. unavoidable B. unappealing C. inappropriate D. incomplete 52. A. identified B. threatened C. anticipated D. neglected 53. A. private B. additional C. mere D. primitive 54. A. stop B. suffer C. generate D. explain 55. A. contradiction B. solution C. expectation D. promise 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昆虫数量减少的现状、原因及相关应对方向。 【41题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些损失归咎于气候变化、污染、农业、土地利用变化和化学品。A. replaced with被替换为；B. mistaken for被误认为；C. prohibited from被禁止做某事；D. blamed on归咎于。根据上文“Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year”及下文“climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals”可知，此处指昆虫数量减少的原因归咎于气候变化、污染、农业、土地利用变化和化学品。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题的复杂性使得很难让公众对可能的解决方案感兴趣。A. objective目标；B. significance重要性；C. complexity复杂性；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it.”可知，此处指这个问题的复杂性。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，科学家们需要弄清楚，昆虫数量的减少幅度是否比其他物种更大。A. loss损失，减少；B. species物种；C. evolution进化；D. distinction区别。根据上文“Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year.”可知，此处指昆虫数量减少的问题。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊大学的梅·贝伦鲍姆30年前就协助主导了这项关于气候变化导致昆虫减少的对比研究。A. owed欠；B. compared比较；C. contributed贡献；D. recommended推荐。根据下文“the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago”可知，此处指将昆虫的减少与气候变化进行了比较。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，当时，用来衡量气候变化影响的程度和速度的方法很困难。A. efficient高效的；B. difficult困难的；C. purposeful有目的的；D. convincing令人信服的。根据下文“Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply.. insects.”结合下文现在对昆虫减少问题的深入研究，可推断出早期研究方法存在缺陷、实施难度大。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝伦鲍姆说，另一个问题是许多人就是讨厌昆虫。A. study学习；B. pity同情；C. respect尊敬；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good.”的转折关系可知，此处应填与“益处”相反的负面态度词，指许多人讨厌昆虫。故选D。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，两种著名的昆虫，蜜蜂和帝王蝶，是当前昆虫面临的问题的好例子。A. alternatives替代品；B. dimensions方面；C. problems问题；D. habitats栖息地。根据上文“The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it.”可知，此处指当前昆虫面临的问题。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂因为疾病、化学物质和食物缺乏而正在消失。A. doubling加倍；B. escaping逃跑；C. intervening干预；D. disappearing消失。根据下文“because of disease, chemicals and lack of food”可知，此处指蜜蜂的生存威胁因素，正面临消失的危机。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，气候变化导致的美国西部天气干燥，意味着可供蝴蝶食用的乳草减少了。A. eat吃；B. anchor固定；C. conserve保护；D. value重视。根据上文“less milkweed for butterflies to”可知，此处指可供蝴蝶食用的乳草。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国农业的变化清除了它们赖以获取花蜜的杂草和花卉。A. cultivate培养；B. remove移除；C. beautify美化；D. visualize想象。根据下文“weeds and flowers they need for nectar”可知，农业活动通常会清除杂草和野花，而这些是昆虫的花蜜来源。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的科学论文没有提供新的数据，所以它们展示了一个开始受到更多关注的问题的的图景，这一图景宏大但不完整。A. unavoidable不可避免的；B. unappealing不吸引人的；C. inappropriate不合适的；D. incomplete不完整的。根据上文“The recent scientific papers do not provide new data”可知，缺少新数据会导致问题的图景不够完整。故选D。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝伦鲍姆说，科学家们已经确认了100万种昆虫，而可能还会发现多达400万种。A. identified确认；B. threatened威胁；C. anticipated预期；D. neglected忽视。根据下文“1 million insect species,while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered”的对比可知，此处指已经被识别、记录的昆虫种类。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：特拉华大学的道格・塔拉米没有参与这些研究，但他说，这项研究证明了世界“在过去30年里花费了数十亿美元寻找杀死昆虫的新方法，而仅仅花费了微不足道的钱来保护它们”。A. private私人的；B. additional额外的；C. mere仅仅的；D. primitive原始的。根据上文“spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and”可知，与“billions of dollars”形成对比，应是指花费了“仅仅”很少的钱在保护上。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：塔拉米在给美联社的一封电子邮件中说，好消息是人们自己可以做很多事情来阻止昆虫的减少。A. stop阻止；B. suffer遭受；C. generate产生；D. explain解释。根据下文“insect losses”可知，此处是提出解决办法，即采取行动阻止昆虫减少的趋势。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个全球性的问题，但解决之道却在于基层行动，”他写道。A. contradiction矛盾；B. solution解决方案；C. expectation期望；D. promise承诺。根据上文“the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to stop insect losses”可知，此处指解决问题的办法。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In my childhood, my parents would take me to watch games. I loved the excitement I would feel when we went to watch these events, especially when the scores were close until the very end of the game. My meaningful attempt at sports began with T-ball at the age of three, progressed to the basketball court at six, and finally turned into a firm devotion to the game of baseball from the age of eight onward. One of my most memorable moments was at the World Series when I was eleven and played on the Texas Rattlers. The July heat was unbearable. It was the semi-final game. Sweating like a pig, we ran into the dugout for our last at-bat (上场击球); we were down one run now. I was the second hitter and captain of the team, and I was ready for this moment. In the next few seconds, I had the chance to show my strength as a hitter and my ability to be a leader under pressure by hitting a home run! We carried the day! As the team captain, I remember the time I had to give a speech to my team because we had lost an important game. I was nervous, but I knew it was my responsibility to cheer my team up when they were cast down. This experience has shaped my mind, making me become more independent, so I’m obtaining the ability to talk like a leader in front of my team and a group. Sports get it through my head that you can’t win at everything in life all the time. On and of the field, I am more iron-willed, disciplined (遵守纪律的) and respectful, and a better leader. I have had so many awesome experiences through sports, which have taught me much and prepared me for the future. The memories of all the trips and diverse experiences I have had will be with me for a lifetime. 56. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph? A. He often switched sports. B. He was a gifted child in sports. C. He had a busy childhood. D. He was fond of sports from childhood. 57. How did the author feel during the semi-final at the World Series? A. Stressed and tired. B. Proud and confident. C. Unbearable and down. D. Surprised and energetic. 58. What was tough for the author according to paragraph 3? A. Leading his team to face failure. B. Giving a speech before the team. C. Improving his leadership qualities. D. Overcoming his own nervousness. 59. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Interesting Life of Sports B. Life Lessons from Sports C. Deep Affection for Sports D. Special Moments in Sports 【答案】56. D 57. B 58. A 59. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过体育运动获得的人生感悟。 【56题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In my childhood, my parents would take me to watch games. I loved the excitement I would feel when we went to watch these events, especially when the scores were close until the very end of the game. My meaningful attempt at sports began with T-ball at the age of three, progressed to the basketball court at six, and finally turned into a firm devotion to the game of baseball from the age of eight onward. (在我的童年时代，我的父母会带我去看比赛。我喜欢当我们去看这些比赛时所感受到的兴奋，尤其是当比分在最后关头仍然不相上下的时候。我三岁的时候，就开始有意义地尝试体育运动，从儿童棒球开始，六岁时开始打篮球，从八岁开始，我就对棒球产生了浓厚的兴趣。)”可推知，作者自幼就喜爱体育运动。故选D。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“One of my most memorable moments was at the World Series when I was eleven and played on the Texas Rattlers. The July heat was unbearable. It was the semi-final game. Sweating like a pig, we ran into the dugout for our last at-bat (上场击球); we were down one run now. I was the second hitter and captain of the team, and I was ready for this moment. In the next few seconds, I had the chance to show my strength as a hitter and my ability to be a leader under pressure by hitting a home run! We carried the day! (我最难忘的时刻之一，就是十一岁时我代表德克萨斯响尾蛇队参加世界大赛的时候。七月的酷热让人难以忍受。那是一场半决赛。我们像猪一样汗流浃背，冲进球员休息区进行最后一次击球；我们现在落后一分。我是队里的第二击球手和队长，我已经为这个时刻做好了准备。在接下来的几秒钟里，我有机会通过打出全垒打来展示我作为击球手的力量和在压力下作为领袖的能力！我们赢得了那天的比赛！)”可知，在作者难忘的一场半决赛中，在球队落后一分的情况下，他打出了本垒打，展示了他作为击球员的实力及球队队长的抗压能力，让球队赢得了比赛。通过这些描述，我们可以推断出，作者应是为此感到骄傲自豪的和自信的。故选B。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“As the team captain, I remember the time I had to give a speech to my team because we had lost an important game. I was nervous, but I knew it was my responsibility to cheer my team up when they were cast down. This experience has shaped my mind, making me become more independent, so I’m obtaining the ability to talk like a leader in front of my team and a group. Sports get it through my head that you can’t win at everything in life all the time. (作为队长，我记得有一次我不得不给我的球队演讲，因为我们输掉了一场重要的比赛。我很紧张，但我知道，当我的团队情绪低落时，我有责任让他们振作起来。这段经历塑造了我的思想，让我变得更加独立，所以我获得了在团队和团队面前像领导者一样说话的能力。体育运动让我明白，你不可能一直在生活中赢得一切。)”可知，作者认为困难的事是带领球队勇敢面对失败。故选A。 【59题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了作者从小就喜爱体育运动；第二段讲的是作者体育运动中的高光时刻；第三段讲的是体育运动教会作者接受失败；最后一段总结了体育运动教给作者很多东西，且这些经历和记忆将陪伴作者一生。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲述了作者通过体育运动获得的人生感悟，所以B项“Life Lessons from Sports (体育带给我们的人生感悟)”是本文最好的标题。故选B。 (B) Join us as we explore the most photogenic roads in the world! The road experts at Instarmac take a look at some of the world’s most famous roads on Instagram and advise which is the best to help make your feed look fantastic! Route 66 Even though Route 66 was officially removed from the US Highway System almost 40 years ago, it remains one of the world’s most popular and culturally significant roads. A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2. 1 million posts using the hashtag (标签) #route66. Great Ocean Road Stretching for 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a painful and beautiful expedition. Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War. the Great Ocean Road links the towns of Torquay and Allansford. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way travels across much of Ireland’s west coast and is Europe’s most westerly road. With panoramic (全景的) views stretching out over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to stunning natural rock Formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made features like the lighthouse at Fanad Head and the Baltimore Beacon. Big Sue One of the world’s most beautiful coastlines is Big Sur, an California’s Central Coast. The Bit Sue Coast Highway is home to a number of extremely Instagrammable features. Well worth a visit for the mad-tripper, particularly if you can get there in the quieter months outside of the school or summer holidays! 60. Which road was built in memory of a historical event? A. Route 66. B. Big Sur. C. Wild Atlantic Way. D. Great Ocean Road. 61. What is special about Wild Atlantic Way? A. It is the longest coastal road. B. It lies on Ireland’s eastern coast. C. It travels across much of Europe. D. It features natural and artificial scenery. 62. What do the roads Route 66 and Big Sur have in common? A. They both are coastal roads. B. They appeal to road trip lovers. C. They bear traditional cultural value. D. They remain part of the US Highway System. 【答案】60. D 61. D 62. B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了世界上最具拍摄价值和著名的道路！ 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Great Ocean Road”部分中“Stretching for 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a painful and beautiful expedition.”（横跨澳大利亚东南海岸，长达150英里的大洋路是世界上最大的战争纪念碑之一，这使得它成为一次令人痛苦又美丽的探险。）可知，Great Ocean Road是为了纪念世界上最大的一次战争修建的，即为了纪念一个历史事件，故选D。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Wild Atlantic Way”部分中的“this winding road is home to stunning natural rock Formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made features like the lighthouse at Fanad Head and the Baltimore Beacon.”（这条曲折的道路俯瞰大西洋，其全景视野延伸至莫赫尔悬崖、斯利夫利格等惊人的自然岩石形态，以及青洞灯塔和巴尔的摩灯塔等历史人造特色。）可知，Wild Atlantic Way的特色是具有自然景观和人造风景，故选D。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Route 66”部分中的“A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2. 1 million posts using the hashtag (标签) #route66.”（66号公路是任何自驾游爱好者必去的地方，它是世界上instagram上最多的公路，有超过2条。100万篇文章使用标签#route66。）以及“Big Sue”部分中的“The Bit Sue Coast Highway is home to a number of extremely Instagrammable features. Well worth a visit for the mad-tripper, particularly if you can get there in the quieter months outside of the school or summer holidays!”（Bit Sue海岸高速公路上有许多非常适合发instagram的特色。对于疯狂的旅行者来说，非常值得一游，特别是如果你能在学校或暑假以外的安静月份到达那里！）可知，Route 66和Big Sue这两条的共同之处在于对公路旅行的自驾游爱好者很有吸引力。故选B。 (C) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 63．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 64．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 66．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database 【答案】63．D 64．A 65．B 66．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，这个程序引起了很多方面的关注和担忧。 63．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies.” “”Clearview将其技术授权给600多个法律执行机构”以及New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” 纽约市在90天的测试后通过了这款应用，担心它可能会被滥用。Clearview的投资者“预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放”。可知，到目前为止，Clearview的客户都是政府部门。故选D项。 64．词句猜测题。根据第二段中The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” 国土安全部计划扫描“97%的所有出境国际航班的乘客”。这项技术已经得到了改进和商业化，你可以搜索数据库，购买扫描结果，只要“选择亚马逊的面部识别软件计划，只需40美分一张图片”。根据山下文语境可以判断出作者说But scale changes everything.（但是规模改变了一切。）的意思是面部识别技术已经远远超出了它最初的目的。故选A项。 65．推理判断题。根据第三段中A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. 两党努力限制政府使用面部识别在国会被推迟。欧盟（EU）正在讨论一项为期五年的临时禁令，但欧洲隐私规则包含了“对公共当局的广泛划分”。当局正在使用它：伦敦警方上周刚刚在全市范围内启用了摄像头实时面部识别功能。由此判断出，面部识别技术实在是太不可抗拒了以至于政府无法将其搁置一旁。故选B项。 66．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. 据《纽约时报》报道，Kashmir Hill表示，一项秘密的面部识别程序“可能会宣布公众匿名制的终结”。以及Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” Clearview的投资者“预计它的应用程序最终将向公众开放”。很快，“通过脸搜索一个人就可以像谷歌一个名字一样简单。”再通读全文，可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的应用程序Clearview最终会向公众开放，通过这程序能很快根据一张脸搜索出一个人，因此选项C“你的脸现在是公共财产”为短文最佳标题。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Airchat—Is this the next big thing, or is it all just talk? Imagine a social media app where text takes a back seat and voice takes center stage! That’s the experience Airchat promises. And this new take on social media is shaking things up in the tech world. Airchat is an audio-focused social media platform. ____67____ The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read. It’s a mix between a podcast and an X (formerly Twitter) feed. Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text-first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal. ____68____ What’s more, the app offers an auto play feature, allowing you to listen when you’re out and about. Right now, Airchat is an invite-only app. On a practical level, this makes the app easier to manage because the user base is limited. But it’s also a marketing technique that fuels interest by making a product feel special. Some tech writers have noted similarities between Clubhouse, an app popular in 2020, and Airchat. Both apps are audio-focused, started as invite-only and are mostly popular in the tech community. But there’s a key difference. Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences. ____69____ There’s no time-sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning. ____70____ Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system. The developers expect users to check the content themselves and remove offending posts using in-app tools. In extreme cases, Airchat employees may remove a user from the platform. But this system may not be sufficient to keep a large user base under control. So, will Airchat blow up or quietly disappear? That remains to be seen, but one thing’s for sure: It’s an exciting new voice in the world of online communication. A. It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices. B. As a result, a lot of Air chat users think it offensive when they are using Air chat. C. Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages. D. In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more. E. Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient. F. Airchat can be used not only for online meetings but also for offline conferences. 【答案】67. C 68. A 69. E 70. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍音频社交平台 Airchat。该平台以语音为主，辅以文字，提供更个性化的社交体验。与 Clubhouse 不同，Airchat 允许用户异步交流。文章探讨了其邀请制、内容审核等特点，并对其未来发展表示观望。 【67题详解】 上文“Airchat is an audio - focused social media platform.(Airchat是一款以音频为主的社交媒体平台。)”介绍了Airchat的性质，下文“The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read.(然后，该应用程序将这些信息转录成文本，以便既可以听到也可以阅读。)”说明该应用程序有将信息转录成文本的功能，C选项“Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages.(用户无需输入帖子，只需按住应用程序上的录音按钮并录制语音信息。)”承接上文，进一步说明了用户在这个以音频为主的平台上如何操作，即录制语音信息，且该信息会被转录成文本，符合语境。故选C。 【68题详解】 上文“Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text - first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal.(许多人认为，Airchat放弃以文本为先的消息模式让人耳目一新。当人们发布信息时，听到他们自然的声音会让人感觉更亲切。)”说明了Airchat放弃以文本为先的消息模式的好处，即让人感觉更亲切，A选项“It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices.(它还可以减少误解，因为你可以从人们的声音中听出情绪。)”进一步说明了这种模式的另一个好处，即减少误解，与上文逻辑紧密，符合题意。故选A。 【69题详解】 上文“Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences.(Clubhouse主要是关于实时聊天室和讨论，就像一系列在线会议。)”介绍了Clubhouse的特点，下文“There’s no time - sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning.(没有从一开始就赶上对话的时间压力。)”说明了Airchat没有时间压力的特点，E选项“Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient.(Airchat用户可以发布消息，接收者可以在方便的时候回复。)”承接上文，将Clubhouse和Airchat进行对比，说明了Airchat用户发布消息和接收者回复的灵活性，符合语境。故选E。 【70题详解】 下文“Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system.(在添加新功能之前，一些作家表示，Airchat需要改进其内容审核系统。)”说明了Airchat在添加新功能之前需要改进的地方，D选项“In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more.(未来，我们可能会看到更多让Airchat更加突出的功能。)”引出了下文关于Airchat未来可能添加新功能的话题，符合题意。故选D。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Be Careful with an “I Don’t Care” Attitude In today’s world, the “I don’t care” attitude is becoming increasingly popular. Phrases like “I don’t care what anybody thinks” are often used to express freedom and relief. While this attitude can be liberating, it also comes with potential risks. Understanding when to adopt this mindset can make a great difference. The “I don’t care” attitude can be quite beneficial when it motivates us to persevere, especially when others have given up. Lei Jun, for instance, faced multiple skepticism when founding Xiaomi, but he kept searching for a new approach in the smartphone market without worrying about criticism. It was his perseverance in producing cost-effective phones that enabled him to win favor with massive users. As you can see in Lei’s example, ignoring external doubts can actually help us stay focused on our own goals. However, the “I don’t care” mindset can also have negative consequences if it stems from stubbornness or blame-shifting. Many relationships suffer because one person becomes indifferent to the feelings of others, focusing solely on their own desires and ignoring how interconnected people’s needs are. At times, refusing to care serves as a defense mechanism to avoid responsibility, which can lead to a disaster. In the case of the 2008 financial crisis, many financial institutions claimed that the risky lending and mortgage practices were none of their business, which eventually led to massive layoffs and bankruptcies. It’s crucial to reflect on why we adopt the “I don’t care” attitude. Are we motivated by confidence in our decisions, or are we simply avoiding challenges? Ultimately, the key is balance. There are times when it’s crucial to care deeply about others, the truth, and personal growth. At other times, it’s equally important to remain indifferent to negativity, distractions, or unnecessary pressures. By carefully choosing when to embrace the “I don’t care” attitude, we can lead more fulfilling lives. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】71.Be cautious about the “I don’t care” attitude. While it can motivate perseverance by helping us stay focused on our goals despite external challenges, it also has two downsides — stubbornness and a tendency to shift blame. Indifference can damage relationships, and avoiding responsibility can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, strive for balance — care about the positive and ignore the negative. (60 words) 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了“无所谓”的态度兼具积极作用与消极影响，文章通过举例论证分别阐释其两面性，并最终提出人们需反思该态度的出发点，把握好使用的平衡才能拥有更充实的生活。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The “I don’t care” attitude is popular, which brings liberation but also potential risks, and choosing the right time to adopt it is vital. ②It can inspire perseverance and help people focus on goals, as proven by Lei Jun's experience of founding Xiaomi despite skepticism. ③The attitude has negative effects if it comes from stubbornness or blame-shifting. ④Indifference to others’ feelings harms relationships, and avoiding responsibility may cause severe results like the 2008 financial crisis. ⑤We need to reflect on the reasons for adopting this attitude, and balance is the key point. ⑥We should care about positive things and ignore negativity to live a more fulfilling life. 2.缜密构思 将第①个要点提炼后作为概要的开篇，开门见山点明“无所谓”这一态度的核心属性。单独提炼第②个要点，集中阐述该态度具备的积极作用。将第③④两个要点进行融合重组，详细说明该态度产生消极影响的原因及对应的不良后果。将第⑤⑥两个要点整合梳理，提出践行这一态度时需把握平衡的核心观点。 3.遣词造句 We need to strike a balance between caring and indifference, valuing what matters and brushing off meaningless negativity. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While it can motivate perseverance by helping us stay focused on our goals despite external challenges, it also has two downsides — stubbornness and a tendency to shift blame.运用while引导的让步状语从句对第二、三段中“无所谓”态度的正反核心作用进行了概括，破折号后的动词不定式to shift blame作后置定语修饰a tendency，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Indifference can damage relationships, and avoiding responsibility can lead to serious consequences.对三段进行了概括。运用动名词avoiding作主语，表达高级。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 我们都要谨记，身心健康重于一切。(bear) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We should all bear in mind that physical and mental health outweighs everything else. 【详解】考查情态动词、固定短语及宾语从句。表示“我们”用we，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“谨记”用固定短语bear in mind，情态动词should后接动词原形。表示“身心健康重于一切”用宾语从句，表示“身心健康”用physical and mental health，作主语；表示“重于一切”用outweigh everything else，本句描述客观事实是，时态用一般现在时，主语为physical and mental health，谓语用第三人称单数形式outweighs；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为We should all bear in mind that physical and mental health outweighs everything else. 73. 谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? 【详解】考查疑问句和非谓语动词。“谁”用特殊疑问词who；“能”用情态动词can；“抑制……的欲望”翻译为resist the desire，后接不定式作后置定语；“抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫”翻译为hug this chubby and adorable little kitten。故答案为Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? 74. 这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年，实在令人心生敬意。(It) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. 【详解】考查主语从句、时态及固定短语。表示“……实在令人心生敬意”用It is truly admirable that...，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语；表示“这位教授”用the professor，在主语从句中作主语；表示“为培养……呕心沥血”用devote...to doing sth.结构，其中devote表示“奉献，投入”，结合时间状语“四十余年”可知，时态用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has，故谓语用has devoted；表示“四十余年”用over forty years；表示“付出努力”用painstaking effort；表示“培养”用cultivate，用动名词，作介词to的宾语。表示“我国自己的音乐人才”用our country’s own musical talents。故翻译为It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. 75. 初冬的午后，我漫步在这所知名学府的校园，踏着铺满落叶的草坪，享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere. 【详解】考查固定短语，时态和非谓语动词。“初冬的午后”翻译为on an early winter afternoon，作时间状语；主语“我”为I，“漫步在”是wander around，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，wander用过去式wandered ，“这所知名学府的校园”翻译为the campus of this prestigious university，作about的宾语，即I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university；“踏着”是step on，与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，“草坪”是the lawn，“铺满落叶的”用过去分词短语covered with fallen leaves表被动，作后置定语，修饰名词lawn，即stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves；“享受着”是enjoy，与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，“内心安宁”是the inner peace，“书香带来的”用过去分词短语brought by the scholarly atmosphere作后置定语，修饰the inner peace，即enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere。故答案为On an early winter afternoon, I wandered around the campus of this prestigious university, stepping on the lawn covered with fallen leaves, enjoying the inner peace brought by the scholarly atmosphere. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Frank写信询问你在第十九届杭州亚运会上的志愿者经历。请你给他写一封回信。要点如下： 1. 介绍服务内容； 2. 分享感受； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 亚运会 Asian Game Dear Frank, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Frank, This September, I was lucky to be a volunteer for the19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, which will be the most unforgettable experience in my life. My job as a volunteer was to organize the audience to enter the stadium and guide them to watch the game in a civilized way. Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because it played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene. This volunteer activity made me more responsible and benefited me a lot. Not only has it improved my spoken English, but it has also enhanced my ability to deal with foreigners. I will always be grateful for this experience. How are you doing? I hope you had a good winter holiday. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生回复笔友Frank的信，分享自己在第十九届杭州亚运会上的志愿者经历，需介绍服务内容，分享感受，并表达祝愿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 幸运的：lucky→fortunate 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable, impressive 提高：improve→sharpen, enhance 感激的：grateful→thankful 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because it played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene. 拓展句：Very simple as the task was, I was very proud of it because of its important role in maintaining the order of the scene. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This September, I was lucky to be a volunteer for the19th Asian Games in Hangzhou, which will be the most unforgettable experience in my life. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Although it was a very simple task, I was very proud of it because it played an important role in maintaining the order of the scene. (运用了从属连词although引导让步状语从句、从属连词because引导原因状语从句)。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Listening comprehension section, a directions in this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation, and the question about IT, read the four possible answers and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, i've had a sore throat and fever since yesterday. Let me check your . symptoms first and i'll write you a prescription question. What might the woman be? Two, excuse me, what's the Price for a black and White print? Tiny here? It's zero point five UN per page for less than ten pages. For ten pages or more, it's zero point for you. And per page question. how much should the woman pay if SHE prints fifteen pages? Three, the supermarket down the street is selling everything half Price because they are going out of business. Sounds like an ideal time to stuck up on coffee. Question, what are the speakers talking about? For what did you think of the paintings that ted was showing last week? I never made IT to the exhibit question. what can we learn from the . conversation? Five, have you tried Susan's apple pie? I got . the last piece, and I was out of this world . question. What does the woman say about Susan's apple pie? Six, I missed the career again. They left a note saying, I need to pick up the package at the station. Why not sign up for their delivery reminder service? You'll get a text an hour before they arrive. Question, what does the men advise the woman to do? Seven, if we finished the design draft by friday, we can present IT to the client next monday. That's a tight schedule, but we can make IT if everyone works extra hour each day. Question. what does the woman mean? Eight, are you crazy? How can you blurted that out in front of doctor smith? I don't know. I guess he just caught me . off guard. Question, what does the man mean? Nine, is everything on track for the committee meeting next monday? Have all the members been modified? Ed. i've sent the emails out, but I haven't heard back from everyone yet. I'll follow up with him tomorrow to get the ball rolling. Question, what will the man probably do next? Ten, i'm sorry, I made you wait. The bus was stuck in traffic and took forever to get here. No harm done. I was able to catch up on some reading question. What can be inferred about the conversation? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Even the most obsessive fain of cats in the world can agree it's super annoying when they scratch up your stuff with their claws. But why do they do IT? Sometimes IT might seem like cats scratch furniture simply to get under our skin. But according to experts, there's a pretty straight forward reason for IT. Cats tend to scratch the nicest and most noticeable pieces of furniture in the room as a warning to other animals, that is, their territory. Think of IT like a cat marking their favourite place to sit so that no one else would dare to come close. But it's actually not just the scratches that a cat is leaving behind. They also have sent clans in their pause and leave a distinct older that cats, dogs and other animals can smell to let them know which cat owns the place. So that's the main reason that cats love to tear up the place, but it's not the only one. They also do IT to help them file down their claws or even pull them off so that a fresh one can grow. They also use their scratching time as a chance to stretch out their back muscles so they can stay nice and loose for all that in about. If you live with a cat who loves to hear the couch to shed, there is something you can do to try and stop them, buy a scratch post for your cat to tear apart. Instead, that way the cat can markets territory. And that brand new coach can still look nice. Now listen again, please. Even the most obsessive fan of cats in the world can agree it's super annoying when they scratch up your staff with their claws. But why do they do IT? Sometimes IT might seem like cats scratch furniture simply to get under our skin, but according to experts, there's a pretty straight forward reason for IT. Cats tend to scratch the nicest and most noticeable pieces of furniture in the room as a warning to other animals, that is, their territory. Think of IT like a cat marking their favourite place to sit so that no one else would dare to come close. But it's actually not just the scratches that a cat is leaving behind. They also have sent plans in their pause and leave a distinct older that cats, dogs and other animals can smell to let them know which cat owns the place. So that's the main reason . that cats love to tear up the place, but it's not the only one. They also do IT to help them file down their claws or even pull them off so that a fresh one can grow. They also use their scratching time as a chance to stretch out their back muscles so they can stay nice and loose. For all that scary about, if you live with a cat who loves to hear the couch to shed, there is something you can do to try and stop them, buy a scratch post for your cat to tear apart instead, that way the cat can markets territory, and that brand new couch can still look nice. Questions eleven, why do cats tend to scratch the nicest and most noticeable furniture? Twelve. what is the function of the center gLance in cats pause? Thirteen. why do cats sometimes pull off their claws while scratching according to the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. Take your height and meters square IT, then divided by your weight in kilograms. That's how you calculate your body mass index, or B, M, I. If it's between fifteen and twenty five, your weight is healthy. If it's over, IT isn't. BM, I has become a popular measure for people to check their health on a population level. Data backs this up. People with a high B, M, I are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Checking BMI could be away for people to easily assess their health and decide if they need to make any lifestyle changes. However, B, M, I does not give the full picture. It's known that it's less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was devised in the sixth century by a belgium mathematician, and this may be why the figures are more accurate for europeans than other ethnicities. B, M, I also fails to account for several key factors. For example, highly active individuals may Carry substantial muscle weight, but be, am, I cannot distinguish this from health harming. Fat people can have a high BMI and be relatively healthy, while others may have a low b mi, but be unhealthy. The simplicity of BMI is attractive, is also very visible, and fits with society y's perception of the importance of weight. However, dependence on IT as an indication of health can cause prejudice. People can feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they know they're likely to be questioned on IT. While BMI maybe a useful measure, experts remind us that you should always be considered along side other measures. Now listen again. Please take your height and meters square IT, then divided by your weight in kilograms. That's how you calculate your body mass index, or B, M, I. If it's between fifteen and twenty five, your weight is healthy. If it's over, IT isn't. BMI has become a popular measure for people to check their health on a population level. Data backs this up. People with a high B, M, I are statistically more likely to develop conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Checking B. M, I could be away for people too easily assess their health and decide if they need to make any lifestyle changes. However, B, M, I does not give the full picture. It's known that it's less accurate for some groups of people, such as children, the elderly or athletes. The measure was devised in the sixth century by a belgium mathematician, and this may be why the figures are more accurate for europeans than other ethnicities. B, M, I, I also fails to account for several key factors. For example, highly active individuals may Carry substantial muscle weight, but B, MI cannot distinguish this from health harming. Fat people can have a high BM, I and be relatively healthy, while others may have a low, be a mine, but be unhealthy. The simplicity of BMI is attractive, is also very visible and fits with society y's perception of the importance of weight. However, dependence on IT as an indication of health can cause prejudice. People can feel judged because of their weight. This sometimes leads people to avoid going to the doctors if they know they're likely to be questioned on IT while be, am I maybe a useful measure, experts remind us that IT should always be considered alongside other measures. Questions fourteen, what is the main purpose of the passage? Fifteen, why might be AI be more accurate for europeans than other ethnicities? Sixteen, how can we improve the accuracy of BM mi in health assessment? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Emma, any tips for public speaking? I have a fifteen minute presentation next month, and i'm really nervous, never done anything this formal before. Totally get IT public speaking scared me too at first tried the campus toast masters club. They hold weekly sessions with supportive people. I've heard of IT, but my schedules packed any more time. Efficient ways . record yourself, practicing, you can spot, filter words or bad posture easily. Good idea how to structure IT, so the audience stays focused. I don't want them to zone out. Keep IT simple. Start with a hook, then three to four clear main points. Use fewer slides. Fewer slides, right? I've set through presentations with too many text on screen. Exactly slides should just support your words, not replace them. Use pictures or charts instead. Should I memorize the whole script or just key points? Outlines are way Better. Memorizing sounds robotic. And your panic, if you blame out. makes sense. What about pacing? I tend to talk fast when i'm nervous. Practice slowing down. Pause after important points. Maybe time yourself to stay within fifteen minutes. Thanks so much. Want to to be my practice audience when I have a draft, I value your feedback. sure. I'll bring snacks and take notes. Just let me know when you're ready. perfect. I'll start recording myself this weekend. You've got this. Most people are just glad it's not them speaking, not judging every word. Now listen again, please, emma. Any tips for public speaking? I have a fifteen minute presentation next month, and i'm really nervous, never done anything this formal before. Totally get IT public speaking scared me too. At first tried the campus toast masters club. They hold weekly sessions with supportive people. I've heard a bit, but my schedules packed any more time. Efficient ways. record yourself, practicing, you can spot, filter words or bad posture easily. Good idea how to structure IT so the audience stays focused. I don't want them to zone out. Keep IT simple. Start with a hook, then three to four clear main points. Use fewer slides. Fewer slides, right? I've set through presentations with too many text on the screen. exactly. Slides should just support your words, not replace them. Use pictures or charts instead. Should I memorize the whole script or just key points? Outlines are way Better. Memorizing sounds robotic. And your panic, if you blame out. makes sense. What about pacing? I tend to talk fast when i'm nervous. Practice slowing down. Pause after important points. Maybe time yourself to stay within fifteen minutes. Thanks so much. Wants to be my practice audience. When I have a draft, i've value your feedback. Sure, i'll bring snacks and take notes. Just let me know when you're ready. perfect. I'll start recording myself this weekend. You've got this. Most people are just glad it's not them speaking, not judging every word. questions. Seventeen, what time efficient tip does emma give the man for public speaking practice? Eighteen, what does ema suggest the main do to start his presentation? Nineteen, what does MR. Say about slides for the presentation? Twenty, what does the man want the woman to do? ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷01（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. nurse. B. A physician. C. A consultant. D. A technician. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. 5 yuan. B. 7 yuan. C. 6 yuan. D. 7.5 yuan. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Coffee promotion. B. A sale in the supermarket. C. Problems with the business. D. Closure of a supermarket. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman disliked Ted’s paintings. B. The woman didn’t see the paintings. C. The exhibition was cancelled last week. D. Ted was disappointed with the exhibition. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It was a bit tasteless. B. It was too small in portion. C. It was extremely delicious. D. It was quite popular globally. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Contact the courier to change the delivery time. B. Subscribe to the couriers’ delivery alert system. C. Collect the package from the station right away. D. Ask the courier to leave the package at the door. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They should ask the client for more time. B. Overtime will help them achieve the goal. C. The deadline for the draft’s is unreasonable. D. They are too busy to finish the design on time. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Dr. Smith misunderstood his words. B. He was unprepared for the situation. C. He intentionally challenged Dr. Smith. D. He felt stressed out in front of Dr. Smith. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Schedule another meeting. B. Prepare the meeting materials. C. Send reminders to the members. D. Wait for more replies to come in. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The man wasn’t bothered by the delay. B. The man had finished his reading plan. C. The woman waited the bus for a long time. D. The woman should have chosen another way to come. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Because it attracts their owners’ attention. B. Because it helps them mark their territory. C. Because it’s easier to sharpen their claws on it. D. Because they prefer soft surfaces for scratching. 12. A. To attract other cats to play. B. To soothe their paws while scratching. C. To help cats find their way back home. D. To leave a smell that marks their territory. 13. A. To make their paws less sensitive. B. To make way for new claws to grow. C. To scare away other animals immediately. D. To avoid getting their claws stuck in furniture. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. To explain how to calculate BMI accurately. B. To discuss the uses and limitations of BMI as a measure. C. To encourage people to avoid using BMI to assess health. D. To prove that BMI is unreliable for groups outside Europe. 15. A. It was created by a European mathematician. B. Europeans’ height and weight are more consistent. C. Other ethnicities have variable body compositions. D. It was designed specifically for European lifestyles. 16. A. By revising BMI reference standards. B. By eliminating prejudice against BMI. C. By adjusting the BMI calculation formula. D. By using BMI along with other health indicators. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.  听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Record himself while practicing. B. Join the campus toastmasters club. C. Ask a friend to watch him practice. D. Attend weekly sessions with supportive people. 18. A. Utilize a hook to grab attention. B. Tell a funny joke to relax audience. C. Introduce his personal background. D. List main points directly and clearly. 19. A. Present outline on the first slide. B. Replace them with a written script. C. Add animations to keep the audience focused. D. Use pictures or charts instead of too much text. 20. A. Recommend more practice methods. B. Help him record his practice methods. C. Write a draft of his presentation for him. D. Be a listener during practice and share opinions. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Internet is changing the way we communicate. LOL, awks, amazeballs, BRB, the use of emoji and emoticon — and even writing facial expressions such as ‘sad face’ — have all become standard in digital communications. So ingrained, in fact, 21   they're changing the way we write and even talk. There’s no doubt that the consumption of abbreviated digital content is having a huge effect on language. “Over the last five years attention spans have shortened considerably, which is reflected in the   22   (contract) forms of language we see in social media,” says Robin Kermode. However, some think that the internet has made us better communicators since we increasingly use much   23   (streamlined) language. “ 24   (get) a message across using Twitter for example, it must be concise and must conform to the tone used there, which includes abbreviations, acronyms.” The fastest growing ‘new language’ in the world is emoticons (faces) and emojis (images of objects, which hail from Japan), which are one of the biggest changes caused by digital communications. “Facial expressions, visual presence and body language have always been vital to being a confident speaker, 25 now emojis are blurring the lines between verbal and written communication,” thinks Kermode, who adds that cavemen had early versions of emojis on the sides of their caves. “Pictures, cartoons or emojis are ‘shortcuts’ so we can be clear about 26   our message really means.” Emoticons and emojis are arguably more meaningful than slang and shorthand, which 27 be too easily misunderstood. “I once witnessed a girl being dumped in a text, which   28 (consist) of a message with just five letters, U R MY X' — linguistically economic, but emotionally harsh,” says Kermode. Trouble is, the sender had actually meant YOU ARE MINE. X’ “If he’d added three emojis — like a smiley face, a heart and a wedding ring, he might now be happily married!” The same goes 29 a statement such as “I NEED TO SPEAK TO YOU RIGHT NOW”, which needs a qualifying emoticon or emoji to give it meaning. “It could signal an angry meeting or a passionate meeting but add a coffee cup, a big smiley face or an angry face and it becomes clear what’s really going on,” says Kermode. They may be derided by traditionalists, but emoticons and emojis used to describe mood are the body language add-on 30 the written word has always lacked. In most instances, these icons represent language evolution and progress, not regression. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abstract B. bonding C. conflict D. constructively E. deepen F. massively G. mean H. pretending I. redefine J. shame K. tempting In Defense of Gossip Culturally, gossip has a poor reputation. It is often seen as a female activity or simply as talking badly about others. However, the social and emotional functions of gossip are ____31____ overlooked. Gossip allows us to make sense of ____32____ thought: When we gossip about people productively, we are analyzing their behavioral patterns, which includes contextualizing their actions with their motives and influences. Hence, good-faith gossip can ____33____understanding and empathy (共鸣), better equipping individuals to find the right way to resolve referenced conflicts. On another level, we are ____34____ with people we gossip with. Sharing worries or frustrations with trusted friends builds closeness. It lets us be honest instead of ____35____ to always be patient. It shows we trust our friends not to use our words against others. Of course, gossip can sometimes become ____36____. It can spread false information or ____37____ people. Private information can be shared without permission, causing hurt. But these problems come from how gossip is used, not from gossip itself. We can’t simply say gossip is morally wrong. What matters is whether it is used to understand and help, not to harm. When there are an intention and an effort to gossip ____38____ rather than destructively, we use gossip as a social and emotional tool that gives us a space to process, empathize, connect, and relax. Every day, we can decide to be kinder individuals and to fulfill the obligations (责任) as sensible beings. We cannot entirely stay away from gossip because of its bad reputation. Instead, we must ____39____ it. “Quitting” gossip is not as productive as thinking of it as a nonjudgmental method of social observation and _____40_____ resolution. After all, gossip isn’t only about what we say about others: It’s about how we choose to understand them. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The world’s top insect experts say our planet’s important insect population is going through a “death by a thousand cuts”. A new group of studies suggests Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year. The losses are ____41____ climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals. David Wagner of the University of Connecticut is the lead writer of the 12 studies, which recently appeared in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it. The ____42____ of the issue makes it hard to get the public interested in possible solutions. Wagner said scientists need to find out if the levels of insect ____43____ are bigger in comparison to other species. May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____44____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____45____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____46____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. Wagner said two famous insects, honeybees and Monarch butterflies, are good examples of the current _____47_____ insects face. Honeybees have been ___48____ because of disease, chemicals and lack of food. Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____49____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____50____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). The recent scientific papers do not provide new data, so they show a big but ___51____ picture of a problem that is starting to get more attention. Scientists have ____52____ 1 million insect species,while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered, Berenbaum said. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware was not part of the studies, but he said the research demonstrates how the world has “spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and ____53____ pennies (a small amount of money) working to preserve them”. In an email to the Associated Press, Tallamy said the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to ____54____ insect losses. “This is a global problem with a grassroots. ___55____,” he wrote. 41. A. replaced with B. mistaken for C. prohibited from D. blamed on 42. A. objective B. significance C. complexity D. sensitivity 43. A. loss B. species C. evolution D. distinction 44. A. owed B. compared C. contributed D. recommended 45. A. efficient B. difficult C. purposeful D. convincing 46. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 47. A. alternatives B. dimensions C. problems D. habitats 48. A. doubling B. escaping C. intervening D. disappearing 49. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 50. A. cultivate B. remove C. beautify D. visualize 51. A. unavoidable B. unappealing C. inappropriate D. incomplete 52. A. identified B. threatened C. anticipated D. neglected 53. A. private B. additional C. mere D. primitive 54. A. stop B. suffer C. generate D. explain 55. A. contradiction B. solution C. expectation D. promise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In my childhood, my parents would take me to watch games. I loved the excitement I would feel when we went to watch these events, especially when the scores were close until the very end of the game. My meaningful attempt at sports began with T-ball at the age of three, progressed to the basketball court at six, and finally turned into a firm devotion to the game of baseball from the age of eight onward. One of my most memorable moments was at the World Series when I was eleven and played on the Texas Rattlers. The July heat was unbearable. It was the semi-final game. Sweating like a pig, we ran into the dugout for our last at-bat (上场击球); we were down one run now. I was the second hitter and captain of the team, and I was ready for this moment. In the next few seconds, I had the chance to show my strength as a hitter and my ability to be a leader under pressure by hitting a home run! We carried the day! As the team captain, I remember the time I had to give a speech to my team because we had lost an important game. I was nervous, but I knew it was my responsibility to cheer my team up when they were cast down. This experience has shaped my mind, making me become more independent, so I’m obtaining the ability to talk like a leader in front of my team and a group. Sports get it through my head that you can’t win at everything in life all the time. On and of the field, I am more iron-willed, disciplined (遵守纪律的) and respectful, and a better leader. I have had so many awesome experiences through sports, which have taught me much and prepared me for the future. The memories of all the trips and diverse experiences I have had will be with me for a lifetime. 56. What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph? A. He often switched sports. B. He was a gifted child in sports. C. He had a busy childhood. D. He was fond of sports from childhood. 57. How did the author feel during the semi-final at the World Series? A. Stressed and tired. B. Proud and confident. C. Unbearable and down. D. Surprised and energetic. 58. What was tough for the author according to paragraph 3? A. Leading his team to face failure. B. Giving a speech before the team. C. Improving his leadership qualities. D. Overcoming his own nervousness. 59. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Interesting Life of Sports B. Life Lessons from Sports C. Deep Affection for Sports D. Special Moments in Sports (B) Join us as we explore the most photogenic roads in the world! The road experts at Instarmac take a look at some of the world’s most famous roads on Instagram and advise which is the best to help make your feed look fantastic! Route 66 Even though Route 66 was officially removed from the US Highway System almost 40 years ago, it remains one of the world’s most popular and culturally significant roads. A must-visit for any road trip enthusiast, Route 66 is the most-Instagrammed road in the world, with over 2. 1 million posts using the hashtag (标签) #route66. Great Ocean Road Stretching for 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is the world’s largest war memorial, making it a painful and beautiful expedition. Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War. the Great Ocean Road links the towns of Torquay and Allansford. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way travels across much of Ireland’s west coast and is Europe’s most westerly road. With panoramic (全景的) views stretching out over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to stunning natural rock Formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League, as well as historic man-made features like the lighthouse at Fanad Head and the Baltimore Beacon. Big Sue One of the world’s most beautiful coastlines is Big Sur, an California’s Central Coast. The Bit Sue Coast Highway is home to a number of extremely Instagrammable features. Well worth a visit for the mad-tripper, particularly if you can get there in the quieter months outside of the school or summer holidays! 60. Which road was built in memory of a historical event? A. Route 66. B. Big Sur. C. Wild Atlantic Way. D. Great Ocean Road. 61. What is special about Wild Atlantic Way? A. It is the longest coastal road. B. It lies on Ireland’s eastern coast. C. It travels across much of Europe. D. It features natural and artificial scenery. 62. What do the roads Route 66 and Big Sur have in common? A. They both are coastal roads. B. They appeal to road trip lovers. C. They bear traditional cultural value. D. They remain part of the US Highway System. (C) A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.” We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.” All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city. Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.” 63．So far Clearview’s customers are ______. A．investors of AI apps B．social media sites C．small groups of private users D．government departments 64．By “But scale changes everything.” (paragraph 2), the author means that ______. A．facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose B．people should be scanned through more available physical measurements C．border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software D．widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology 65．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. B．Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. C．Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. D．Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. 66．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Facial recognition is under control B．Get your facial identification ready C．Your face is now public property D．Establish a larger face database Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Airchat—Is this the next big thing, or is it all just talk? Imagine a social media app where text takes a back seat and voice takes center stage! That’s the experience Airchat promises. And this new take on social media is shaking things up in the tech world. Airchat is an audio-focused social media platform. ____67____ The app then transcribes these messages into text so that they can be both heard and read. It’s a mix between a podcast and an X (formerly Twitter) feed. Many think that Airchat’s decision to abandon the text-first messaging model feels fresh. Hearing the natural tone of someone’s voice when they post feels more personal. ____68____ What’s more, the app offers an auto play feature, allowing you to listen when you’re out and about. Right now, Airchat is an invite-only app. On a practical level, this makes the app easier to manage because the user base is limited. But it’s also a marketing technique that fuels interest by making a product feel special. Some tech writers have noted similarities between Clubhouse, an app popular in 2020, and Airchat. Both apps are audio-focused, started as invite-only and are mostly popular in the tech community. But there’s a key difference. Clubhouse was about live chat rooms and discussions, like a collection of online conferences. ____69____ There’s no time-sensitive pressure to catch a conversation from the beginning. ____70____ Before it adds new features, some writers say that Airchat needs to improve its content moderation system. The developers expect users to check the content themselves and remove offending posts using in-app tools. In extreme cases, Airchat employees may remove a user from the platform. But this system may not be sufficient to keep a large user base under control. So, will Airchat blow up or quietly disappear? That remains to be seen, but one thing’s for sure: It’s an exciting new voice in the world of online communication. A. It could also reduce misunderstandings since you can hear the emotion in people’s voices. B. As a result, a lot of Air chat users think it offensive when they are using Air chat. C. Instead of typing posts, users hold the record button on the app and record voice messages. D. In the future, we may see additional features that make Airchat stand out even more. E. Airchat users can post a message and the receiver can respond when it’s convenient. F. Airchat can be used not only for online meetings but also for offline conferences. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Be Careful with an “I Don’t Care” Attitude In today’s world, the “I don’t care” attitude is becoming increasingly popular. Phrases like “I don’t care what anybody thinks” are often used to express freedom and relief. While this attitude can be liberating, it also comes with potential risks. Understanding when to adopt this mindset can make a great difference. The “I don’t care” attitude can be quite beneficial when it motivates us to persevere, especially when others have given up. Lei Jun, for instance, faced multiple skepticism when founding Xiaomi, but he kept searching for a new approach in the smartphone market without worrying about criticism. It was his perseverance in producing cost-effective phones that enabled him to win favor with massive users. As you can see in Lei’s example, ignoring external doubts can actually help us stay focused on our own goals. However, the “I don’t care” mindset can also have negative consequences if it stems from stubbornness or blame-shifting. Many relationships suffer because one person becomes indifferent to the feelings of others, focusing solely on their own desires and ignoring how interconnected people’s needs are. At times, refusing to care serves as a defense mechanism to avoid responsibility, which can lead to a disaster. In the case of the 2008 financial crisis, many financial institutions claimed that the risky lending and mortgage practices were none of their business, which eventually led to massive layoffs and bankruptcies. It’s crucial to reflect on why we adopt the “I don’t care” attitude. Are we motivated by confidence in our decisions, or are we simply avoiding challenges? Ultimately, the key is balance. There are times when it’s crucial to care deeply about others, the truth, and personal growth. At other times, it’s equally important to remain indifferent to negativity, distractions, or unnecessary pressures. By carefully choosing when to embrace the “I don’t care” attitude, we can lead more fulfilling lives. 71.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 我们都要谨记，身心健康重于一切。(bear) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 73. 谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢? (desire) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________________ 74. 这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年，实在令人心生敬意。(It) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 75. 初冬的午后，我漫步在这所知名学府的校园，踏着铺满落叶的草坪，享受着书香带来的内心安宁。(wander) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Frank写信询问你在第十九届杭州亚运会上的志愿者经历。请你给他写一封回信。要点如下： 1. 介绍服务内容； 2. 分享感受； 3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 亚运会 Asian Game Dear Frank, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·参考答案 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） 1—5 CACBD 6—10 DAAAB 11—15 ABDBC 16—20 BCCDB II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A 21．is intended 22．marking 23．has been sent 24．What 25．against/on 26．installed 27．in case 28．another 29．that/which 30．to redirect Section B 31. F 32. C 33. J 34. I 35. A 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. H III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C Section B 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. B 61. D 62. C 63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B Section C 67. E 68. B 69. D 70. F IV.Summary Writing (共10分） 71.The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 72.Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law. 73.Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 74.Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 75.The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Lucy, I’m writing to invite you to join my classmates in visiting a nursing home to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. The outing will commence at 9:00 am and we expect to return by 5:00 pm. During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. It will be a meaningful opportunity to experience traditional Chinese culture while giving back to the community. Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us. Looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高二英语下学期期中模拟卷02（上海通用） 英 语·全解全析 （满分140分，考试用时120分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 1~2（沪外版） 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. To a bank. B. To a travel agency. C. To a drugstore. D. To Spain. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m going to exchange some money for my trip to Spain tomorrow. W: I’ll go with you. But I need to get some aspirin for my headache right now. Q: Where will the woman most probably go first? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He forgot to submit his paper. B. He misremembered the deadline. C. He didn’t finish his paper on time. D. He couldn’t focus his mind on the paper. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: What’s up? You look so upset. M: I should have turned in my paper yesterday, but it totally slipped my mind. Q: What’s the man’s problem? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She is a movie enthusiast. B. She prefers thrillers to romances. C. She doesn’t like thrillers. D. She is not in the mood for any movie. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Which kind of movie do you like better, thriller or romance? W: Anything but a thriller. Q: What does the woman mean? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Because she is not good at calculating. B. Because she hurried to finish the report. C. Because she is quite a careless person. D. Because she cited unconfirmed figures. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Can you believe that Mary has made quite a lot of mistakes in calculation in her lab report? M: Well, she wouldn’t have if she hadn’t been in such a rush to get it done. Q: Why did Mary make so many mistakes in her report? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Lily forgot to deliver discs to the man. B. The man failed to renew the address. C. Lily planned to visit the new dormitory. D. The discs might have been mailed to the former place. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: My cousin Lily said she had mailed me some discs, but they never came. W: You’ve just moved into a new dormitory. Did you remind her to update the address? Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman doesn’t enjoy the leftovers. B. The man is an excellent cook in the army. C. The man has invited many people for lunch. D. The man intentionally prepared much food. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: Wow, you’ve made enough food to feed an army. M: So we will have plenty of leftover for tomorrow lunch. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A The man should be more diligent. B. Cramming is effective for an exam. C. Biology is indeed difficult to learn. D. The man shouldn’t have stayed up that late. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m exhausted. I stayed up all night studying for my biology final exam but it’s in vain. W: Well, there is no shortcut to learning. Only constant effort works. Q: What does the woman mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Arrange to apply for another room. B. Make a complaint about her roommate. C. Ask her roommate to move out of the room. D. Change rooms with someone in the housing office. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: It’s the 3rd time this week my roommate threw a party in our room. I wonder if I should talk to someone at the housing office about changing rooms. M: It seems that you’ve got a sound reason now. Q: What does the man imply the woman should do? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Helen’s hard work is rewarding. B. Helen is an accomplished job hunter. C Helen always complains about her job. D. Helen is viewed as a model by the speakers. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Did you hear? Helen has got the modeling job. W: Wow! All that walking practice really paid off. And for once she won’t be complaining about being so tall. Q: What can we know about Helen? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Every student should value Chinese culture. B. Chinese students are humble and reserved. C. He is deeply impressed by Chinese culture. D. Chinese students lack the courage to share ideas. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom. M: Well I think it’s because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Q: What does the man mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. To relocate to safer grounds. B. To migrate with the seasons. C. To seek more hunting grounds. D. To gather more food for survival. 12. A. It once belonged to the North Sea. B. It was drowned by the meltwater. C. It was an island abundant in wildlife. D. It was unveiled by the modern fishermen. 13. A. Polar ice caps will continue to melt at a rapid rate. B. The sea floor witnessed the rise and fall of the Europe. C. Doggerland is the birthplace of English civilization. D. Coastal residents are vulnerable to the climate change. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 【解析】 【原文】The United Kingdom is a group of islands off the coast of Europe — but it hasn’t always been that way. Many thousands of years ago, the UK was attached to Europe by a stretch of land known as Doggerland. And the evidence of the people who lived there is regularly found. Roughly 12,000 years ago, as the last major ice age was ending, the area that is now the North Sea was very different. Instead of water, the area had hills, wetlands and valleys full of trees. Stone Age people lived in Doggerland. They were hunter-gatherers who moved with the seasons and lived by fishing, hunting, and gathering food such as nuts and berries. Over time, they were slowly flooded out of their hunting grounds. Water which had been locked away in glacier began to melt, drowning Doggerland. Around 6,000 years ago, people were forced onto higher ground in what are today’s England and the Netherlands. The evidence of the ancient people’s presence can be found on the sea floor, where modern fishermen often find bones and tools that date back to about 9,000 years ago. Those studying Doggerland say the climate change faced by ancient people is similar to that we have now. They say that a similar situation could affect the billions of people who live within 60 kilometers of a sea shore today if polar ice caps continue to melt at a rapid pace. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 11. Why did Stone Age people leave Doggerland? 12. What can we learn about Doggerland? 13. What can be inferred from the passage? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Scientists in Britain are going to collect rocks on Mars. B. The discovery of Boron is a milestone in Mars exploration. C. Evidence indicates there exist plants and animals on Mars. D. The microscope is mainly used to identify different rocks. 15. A. Basic molecules for life. B. More essential chemicals. C. Holes caused by microbes. D. Ancient material from Mars. 16. A. The development of life on Mars. B. The search for signs of life on Mars. C. The importance of research on rocks. D. The discovery of surface water on Mars. 【答案】14. B 15. C 16. B 【解析】 【原文】It is hard to imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on Mars. But scientists continue to look for evidence. NASA, America’s space agency, has found there was surface water on the Mars. So since that discovery, they have been looking for chemicals that would be present if there once was or still is life on the planet. At a meeting in California, NASA scientists reported an important discovery on Mars. They said for the first time that they had found very small amounts of boron. Boron is an important chemical that could help build RNA molecules. And RNA molecules are one of the basic building parts for life. The next spacecraft is planned to launch soon. It will bring rocks from Mars back to Earth. Scientists in Britain are getting ready for those Mars rocks now. Before this, using a powerful microscope, they have already examined million-year-old volcanic rocks found deep in the Pacific Ocean. The microscope showed holes on the rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes. Microbes are the oldest form of life on Earth. Next, the scientists in Britain will examine rocks which contain ancient material from Mars. The material comes from a time when Mars would have been more likely to support life. The scientists hope to get the same findings in the rocks from Mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. If they do, they predict that the rocks coming directly from Mars will also show signs of life. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 14. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 15. What do scientists hope to find through examining the rocks from Mars? 16. What is the passage mainly about? 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. To practise skateboarding. B. To encourage teenagers in trouble. C. To support a non-profit organization. D. To fulfil his dream of touring Europe. 18. A. They served as tour guides for Joe. B. They kept a record of Joe’s journey. C. They transported equipment for Joe. D. They took care of Joe’s accommodation. 19. A. He covered a rather long distance. B. He tried to follow his friends’ van. C. He fell down and broke the trainers. D. He climbed over the rugged mountains. 20. A. Prepare for another trip. B. Resign from his current job. C. Write a book about his journey. D. Renew a contract with the organization. 【答案】17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Welcome, Joe. You made an amazing journey, travelling across Europe on a skateboard. What made you decide to do it? M: Two years ago I was fed up with my job and I heard about Boardwalk, a nonprofit organization that helps teenagers with difficulties. So I planned to raise money for Boardwalk by skateboarding through France to the Spain — about 3,000 kilometers. W: Did you get help from local businesses? M: Definitely. The travel agent in my town provided boat tickets to our starting point on the north coast of France. W: Great! Did you travel on your own? M: Two friends in their camper van acted as a back-up vehicle. They didn’t actually follow me but they carried the tents and luggage between the overnight stops. Funnily enough, their van broke down a couple of times, while I had no problems at all with my skateboard, although I took several spare sets of wheels. W: How many pairs of shoes did you need? M: Five pairs! There was one pair of trainers that only lasted a day. That was crossing the mountains into Spain. The roads were really steep and stony and I could see snow up on the mountain tops. Coming down was terrible because I had to use my foot as a brake. By the end of the day, the new pair of trainers were ruined. W: And how do you feel now it’s all over? M: Fantastic, because it has been so successful for Boardwalk. I’m going to be a member of them soon. I expected to feel depressed but I’ve been busy sorting the material of my trip. It is meaningful. W: That’s great. Thanks for talking to us, Joe. (Now listen again please.) Questions: 17. Why did Joe start the journey on a skateboard? 18. What did Joe’s friends do along the journey? 19. How did Joe ruin a new pair of trainers within a day? 20. What might Joe do after the interview? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fifth-generation Combat Planes Displayed on China’s Military Parade The People’s Liberation Army has displayed all types of its fifth-generation combat planes on active duty for the first time via the grand parade on Wednesday, a move that observers say 21 (intend) to show its world-class air prowess. All of the five models — the J-20, J-20A, J-20S and J-35A of the PLA Air Force as well as the PLA Navy’s J-35 — thundered past the Tian’anmen Square in central Beijing as they flew in several arrowhead-shaped groups around the end of a 70-minute parade, 22 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Wang Yanan, chief editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, told China Daily that this is the first time in the history of the People’s Republic of China that so much new hardware 23 (send) to a parade. “ 24 we have seen is an unprecedented unveiling of China’s domestically developed weaponry such as those new aircraft. All of these previously unseen weapons have state-of-the-art designs and superior capabilities, and have tremendously enhanced the Chinese armed forces’ overall strength,” Wang said. The J-20S, like other members of the J-20 series, was designed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute. The twin-seat plane is characterized by its supreme ability to seize superiority in air combat, carry out precision strikes 25 land and sea targets, and perform battlefield situational awareness, electronic jamming as well as tactical command and control The twin-seat variant (变体) can have a backup flight-control system 26 (install) for the backseat operator to use 27 the main system malfunctions or is damaged in action, or the front-seat pilot becomes incapacitated. The J-20A, 28 J-20 variant, has several external differences from the baseline model: an enlarged spine, reshaped nosecone, and modified engine intakes optimized for new, mightier engines developed by Chinese engineers on their own. Its engines are widely believed to have thrust (推力) vector control technology 29 provides significant benefits in flight maneuverability (机动性). The technology enables a pilot to adjust the engine exhaust nozzles (喷口) 30 (redirect) thrust, allowing the plane to carry out previously unimaginable maneuvers at very high angles of attack, meaning its nose is pointed at an angle greatly exceeding the jet’s current vector. 【答案】 21．is intended 22．marking 23．has been sent 24．What 25．against/on 26．installed 27．in case 28．another 29．that/which 30．to redirect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国阅兵展示的第五代战机及其先进性能与技术创新。 21．考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：中国人民解放军周三通过盛大的阅兵式首次展示了所有现役的第五代战斗机，观察人士称此举旨在展示其世界级的空中实力。此处为非限制性定语从句中的谓语，intend与先行词move之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态，根据say可知，此处应使用一般现在时，从句主语that指代先行词move，为单数意义，所以be动词使用is。故填is intended。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人民解放军空军的歼-20、歼-20A、歼-20S和歼-35A以及海军的歼-35等五种型号的飞机，在70分钟的阅兵式结束时，分成几个箭头形状的编队飞过北京市中心的天安门广场，标志着中国人民抗日战争（1931-45年）和世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。此处为非谓语动词作状语，mark与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填marking。 23．考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：《航空航天知识》杂志主编王亚楠告诉《中国日报》，这是中华人民共和国历史上首次有如此多的新硬件参加阅兵。此处为谓语动词，结合语意可知，此处表示“被送去”，所以使用被动语态，根据时间状语in the history of the People’s Republic of China可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语hardware为不可数名词，所以助动词使用has。故填has been sent。 24．考查表语从句。句意：我们所看到的是中国自主研发的武器前所未有的亮相，比如那些新飞机。此处为连接代词引导的表语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，此处表示“我们看到的”，所以使用连接代词what，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 25．考查介词。句意：双座飞机以其在空战中夺取优势、对陆地和海上目标进行精确打击以及执行战场态势感知、电子干扰以及战术指挥和控制方面的卓越能力而著称。结合语意可知，此处表示“对陆地和海上目标进行精确打击”，所以使用介词against/on表示“对”。故填against/on。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：双座变体可以安装一个备用飞行控制系统，供后座操作员在主系统发生故障或在行动中受损时使用，或者前座飞行员丧失能力时使用。此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，install与逻辑主语system之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式installed。故填installed。 27．考查固定短语。句意：双座变体可以安装一个备用飞行控制系统，供后座操作员在主系统发生故障或在行动中受损时使用，或者前座飞行员丧失能力时使用。结合语意可知，此处表示“以防”，所以使用固定短语in case。故填in case。 28．考查限定词。句意：歼-20A是歼-20的另一个变体，与基线型号有几个外部差异：扩大的脊背、重新设计的鼻锥和修改后的发动机进气口，为中国工程师自主开发的新型、更强大的发动机进行了优化。结合语意可知，此处表示“另一个变体”，所以使用限定词another。故填another。 29．考查定语从句。句意：人们普遍认为，它的发动机具有推力矢量控制技术，这种技术可以显著提高飞行机动性。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为technology，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：这项技术使飞行员能够调整发动机排气喷口以重新引导推力，使飞机能够以非常高的攻角进行以前难以想象的机动，这意味着飞机的机头指向的角度大大超过了飞机当前的矢量。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合语意可知，此处表示“为了重新引导推力”，所以使用动词不定式形式，表目的。故填to redirect。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. resolved C. pride D. cautious E. sustained F. assigned G. stretch H. functioning I. unseasonably J. aggressive K. anchoring Silent on Lake Superior: McSorley’s Last Journey By the day he died, Ernest McSorley had built a reputation as the captain who could weather any storm. He was one of the best sailors on the Great Lakes, where he had been ____31____ to pilot the Edmund Fitzgerald, the flagship of Columbia Transportation Division. McSorley took ____32____ in his efficiency, and he always delivered his goods on time, navigating skilfully through dangerous waters. The company valued his ____33____ approach of always pushing forward. On November 9, 1975, the Fitzgerald set sail from Superior, Wisconsin, carrying around 26,000 tons of iron ore. The temperature was ____34____ warm, an early sign that something was wrong. Angry winter weather was already on its way. At7 p.m., the National Weather Service issued a storm warning for Lake Superior, predicting waves up to ten feet tall. McSorley had two ____35____: He could sail straight across the lake to Whitefish Bay, a familiar 30-hour journey, or take the so-called northern route, a 44-hour passage that hugged the Canadian shore, which would protect the ship right up until the final ____36____ of the voyage. McSorley had initially ____37____ to sail the shorter passage. But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind. The captain known for his aggression and efficiency made an uncharacteristically ____38____ decision, choosing the longer northern route. Around 3 p.m. on November 10, Captain Bernie Cooper of the Arthur M. Anderson, a ship traveling nearby, noticed something alarming on his radar screen. Minutes later, the Fitzgerald radioed the Anderson reporting trouble: “I have ____39____ some topside damage,” McSorley said “I’m checking down. Will you stay by me until I get to Whitefish?” Soon after, McSorley learned that both of the Fitzgerald’s radars had stopped. ______40______, and the lighthouse at Whitefish Point had gone dark. Despite his decades of experience, McSorley reported over the radio that he was witnessing “one of the worst seas I’ve ever been in”. After that final transmission, the Fitzgerald stopped answering calls from the Anderson and disappeared from the radar. 【答案】31. F 32. C 33. J 34. I 35. A 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. H 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号船长麦克索利的最后航行，因遭遇恶劣天气，这艘船最终在苏必利尔湖失联的故事。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：他是五大湖区最优秀的水手之一，被指派驾驶哥伦比亚运输部的旗舰“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号。根据前文“one of the best sailors”可知，他能力出众，因此被分配驾驶旗舰，“assigned”意为“指派，分配”，符合“优秀水手得到重任”的语境。故选F。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利为自己的高效感到自豪，他总是能熟练地在危险水域航行，按时运送货物。根据后文“always delivered his goods on time”可知，他对自己的工作效率很满意，“take pride in”是固定短语，意为“为……感到自豪”，符合语境。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：公司看重他那种锐意进取、果敢激进的工作方式。根据后文“pushing forward”可知，他的工作态度是积极进取、作风果敢的，aggressive意为“果敢的，锐意进取的”，修饰approach，符合“公司重视的工作方式”的描述。故选J。 【34题详解】 考查副词。句意：气温异常温暖，这是出事的早期征兆。根据后文“Angry winter weather was already on its way”可知，反常的温暖天气是风暴将至的信号，“unseasonably”意为“反常地”，修饰warm，符合“天气异常”的语境。故选I。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据后文列举的两条不同航行路线可知，此处指船长面临两种航行方案，“options”意为“选择”，符合“两种航道可选”的语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：麦克索利有两个选择：要么直接穿过湖面前往怀特菲什湾，这段航程他很熟悉，需要30小时；要么选择所谓的北线航道，沿着加拿大海岸航行，全程44小时，这条航道几乎可以一直保护船只，直到航行的最后一段路程。根据前文“the final”可知，此处指航行的最后一段路程，“stretch”意为“（路程的）一段”，符合“航道保护船只直至最后一段航程”的描述。故选G。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：麦克索利最初决定走更短的那条航道。根据后文“But as conditions worsened, he changed his mind”可知，他一开始有明确的决定，“resolved”意为“决定，决心”，符合“先决定后改主意”的逻辑。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这位以果敢高效著称的船长，做出了一个一反常态的谨慎决定，选择了更长的北线航道。根据前文“aggression and efficiency”和“uncharacteristically”可知，他这次的决定和以往的果敢不同，变得小心谨慎，“cautious”意为“谨慎的”，符合“一反常态的选择”的语境。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我船的上层建筑受损了，”麦克索利说，“我正在检查情况。你能在我到达怀特菲什湾之前陪着我吗？”根据后文“some topside damage”可知，船只在航行中遭遇了损坏，“sustained”意为“遭受，符合“船只受损”的语境。故选E。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：不久之后，麦克索利发现“埃德蒙·菲茨杰拉德”号的两台雷达都停止了运转，怀特菲什角的灯塔也熄灭了。根据前文“stopped”可知，此处指雷达设备无法正常工作，“functioning”意为“运转，工作”，符合“雷达失灵”的描述。故选H。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The Sunk Cost Effect In economics, the sunk cost effect is infamous. It occurs whenever we double down on ____41____ financial decisions based on past investments that can’t be recovered. Marketing professor Christopher Olivola points to a few ways that the sunk cost effect is tied to your wallet. You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you ____42____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket. Similarly, you might ____43____ hitting the gym, even after sustaining a painful injury, if your expensive membership is nonrefundable. “But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested,” ‌says Olivola. “That’s part of why it’s not ____44____.” The sunk cost effect can play out ____45____ too. Researchers have tied the same faulty reasoning to ongoing investments in fossil fuels, despite increasingly available energy ____46____ and alarming climate predictions. The ____47____ of the sunk cost effect is a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again. But researchers still haven’t quite ____48____ the reason humans keep falling for it. Based on his own research, Olivola tends to ____49____ our desire to reduce waste. ‌“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful,” he says. Another possible reason? We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something, he says. Subsequently, the only way we can then “close” this account is by getting our ____50____ money’s worth. In certain circumstances, the sunk cost effect could actually help you achieve major ____51____ like becoming more fit or finishing a degree. But if you find yourself ____52____ to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial. How, then, do we overcome this mindset? When it comes to ____53____ the effort, time, or money others have invested in us, it’s important to remember that our friends and family members don’t actually want us to suffer at their expense. Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ____54____. Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____55____. “So, you know, if you can overcome it, you’re better than me,” he adds. 41. A. poor B. emotional C. wise D. hesitant 42. A. enjoyed B. hated C. reviewed D. followed 43. A. postpone B. avoid C. continue D. imagine 44. A. natural B. primitive C. formal D. logical 45. A. on a larger scale B. from a more academic angle C. on a more regular basis D. with greater intensity 46. A. statistics B. alternatives C. consumptions D. reserves 47. A. economics B. psychology C. physiology D. history 48. A. responded to B. put forward C. reflected on D. pinned down 49. A. control B. analyze C. exploit D. blame 50. A. private B. foreign C. symbolic D. real 51. A. discoveries B. goals C. reforms D. victories 52. A. anchored B. opposed C. directed D. applied 53. A. honoring B. defining C. ignoring D. regretting 54. A. marching B. changing C. losing D. struggling 55. A. impersonal B. inferior C. irresistible D. irreplaceable 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学中的“沉没成本效应”，即人们倾向于依据无法收回的既往投入而继续做出非理性决策的现象，探讨了其在日常生活、大型项目中的表现，以及背后的心理原因和可能的应对方法。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当我们基于无法收回的既往投入而加倍坚持糟糕的财务决策时，它就会发生。A. poor糟糕的；B. emotional情绪的；C. wise明智的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“infamous(声名狼藉的)”和第二段中所举的明知电影难看仍坚持看完的例子可知，这种行为是“糟糕的”决策。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，你可能会坚持看完一部你从一开始就不喜欢的电影，仅仅是为了让票价值得。A. enjoyed享受；B. hated不喜欢，讨厌；C. reviewed复习；D. followed跟随。根据后文“if only to justify the cost of the ticket”可知，坚持看完电影仅仅是为了让票价值得，所以你应该是“不喜欢”这部电影。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，如果你的昂贵会员资格不可退款，即使受了伤，你可能也会继续去健身房。A. postpone推迟；B. avoid避免；C. continue继续；D. imagine想象。根据前文“You might sit through the entirety of a movie that you _____ from the beginning, for instance, if only to justify the cost of the ticket.”和“Similarly”可推知，人们会为了让票价值得而坚持看完一部从一开始就不喜欢的电影，同样，为了让健身房会费值得，即使受伤，人们也会“继续”去健身房。故选C项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奥利沃拉说：“但所有这些情况中发生的事情是，你并没有真正收回那笔钱，或者你投入的任何东西。这就是为什么它不合逻辑的部分原因。”A. natural自然的；B. primitive原始的；C. formal正式的；D. logical逻辑的。根据前文奥利沃拉的解释“But what is happening in all these situations is that you’re not really getting back that money, or whatever it is you invested”可知，既然投入无法收回，继续投入就是非理性的，因此“不合逻辑”。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：沉没成本效应也可能在更大规模上上演。A. on a larger scale在更大规模上；B. from a more academic angle从更学术的角度；C. on a more regular basis更经常地；D. with greater intensity以更大的强度。根据后文“ongoing investments in fossil fuels”以及“climate predictions”可知，这是在讨论国家或全球层面的问题，是“更大规模”的体现。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将同样的错误推理与对化石燃料的持续投资联系起来，尽管越来越有可用的能源替代品和令人担忧的气候预测。A. statistics统计数据；B. alternatives替代品；C. consumptions消耗；D. reserves储备。“despite”表示的转折关系，结合“increasingly available energy”可推知，与前文“fossil fuels”相对的是其他能源“替代品”。故选B项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉没成本效应的心理学是一种被反复研究的现象。A. economics经济学；B. psychology心理学；C. physiology生理学；D. history历史。根据后文“the reason humans keep falling for it”以及 Olivola所讨论的“desire to reduce waste”等心理动机可知，沉没成本效应主要关乎人的决策心理，属于“心理学”范畴。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但研究人员仍未完全确定人类一直深陷其中的原因。A. responded to回应；B. put forward提出；C. reflected on反思；D. pinned down确定，确切解释。根据前文“a phenomenon that’s been studied time and time again”和后文“But researchers still haven’t quite”可推知，虽然被反复研究，但其原因并未被完全“确定”。故选D项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于他自己的研究，奥利沃拉倾向于归咎于我们减少浪费的欲望。A. control控制；B. analyze分析；C. exploit利用；D. blame归咎于，归因于。根据后文“We dislike to see ourselves or others as wasteful”可知，这是他对原因的一种解释，即把沉没成本效应的原因“归咎于”这种心理。故选D项。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，随后，我们能够“关闭”这个账户的唯一方式就是获得我们实际投入的金钱的价值。A. private私人的；B. foreign外国的；C. symbolic象征性的；D. real真正的，实际的。根据前文“We tend to open up a mental ‌“bank account” whenever we invest money, time, or effort into something”的比喻，我们投入的是“实际的”金钱、时间或精力，因此希望获得“实际的”价值。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，沉没成本效应实际上可能帮助你实现诸如变得更健康或完成学位等主要目标。A. discoveries发现；B. goals目标；C. reforms改革；D. victories胜利。根据后文“like becoming more fit or finishing a degree”可知，这些都是个人想要实现的“目标”。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但如果你发现自己被无法改变的过去决定所束缚，沉没成本效应就不再有益了。A. anchored锚定，使固定；B. opposed反对；C. directed引导；D. applied应用。根据后文“to past decisions you can’t change, the sunk cost effect is no longer beneficial.”可推知，如果被过去的决定“束缚”或“困住”，沉没成本效应就不能带来益处。“be anchored to”是固定搭配，意为“被……固定住”。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到尊重他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱时，重要的是要记住，我们的朋友和家人实际上并不希望我们为了他们而受苦。A. honoring尊重，兑现；B. defining定义；C. ignoring忽视；D. regretting后悔。根据后文“the effort, time, or money others have invested in us”可知，他人为我们付出的努力、时间或金钱，是值得“尊重”的。故选A项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己仍在困境中挣扎，不要感觉太糟糕。A. marching行进；B. changing改变；C. losing失败；D. struggling在困境中挣扎。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad”和后文“Even for Olivola, who has spent more than two decades studying these sorts of things, the sunk cost phenomenon can still be ____ .”可知，专家都难以克服“沉没成本效应”，所以普通人在困境中挣扎是很正常的。故选D项。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是花了二十多年研究这类事物的奥利沃拉，沉没成本现象仍然可能是不可抗拒的。A. impersonal非个人的；B. inferior劣等的；C. irresistible不可抗拒的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据前文“Don’t feel too bad if you still find yourself ______”的安慰以及后文“if you can overcome it, you’re better than me”的玩笑可知，这种现象极其普遍且难以抵抗。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Decades ago, my friend Caetlin received a special assignment from the poet Robert L. Hass, who instructed each student to memorize three poems of their choosing from The Norton Anthology of American Literature—not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have. If the task was as a strange one, it’s because the act of memorizing a poem feels curiously old-fashioned in an era when few of us encounter poetry at all. When I was in graduate school, working toward a degree in English literature, I mostly limited myself to essays. It was only in my 40s that I began to change my ways. It happened in a flight to Seattle. For hours, I read nothing else but a poem. Sometimes I spoke its lines aloud, my voice masked by the airplane’s thrum. Sometimes I went through the whole poem at once, and sometimes I repeated a single stanza (诗节) over and over, and by the time my plane landed on the West Coast, I had the whole thing, all 40 lines of it, in my head. Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has. But as you run your hands through the rock, the lines at last come together again, and the scattered text transforms back into a treasure. In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are. Some of the poems I’ve memorized are already fading, and that’s fine. I know that if I spend a little time with them, they’ll sing in me again. Others keep beating in me like a new pulse. I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become. 56. Why did Robert L. Hass advise students to read poems? A. To become literature professors. B. To prepare for the coming exams. C. To compose more original poems. D. To relieve their future loneliness. 57. Why does the author say that memorizing a poem begins as a crime? A. It’s out of date to recite poems. B. Repetition wastes a lot of time. C. Repetition ruins the poem’s beauty. D. It’s a shame to read poems on plane. 58. How does understanding poetry influence us? A. By broadening self-understanding. B. By refreshing our good memories. C. By helping us survive the hard life. D. By reminding us to forget the past. 59. What is the author’s attitude towards memorizing poetry in the last paragraph? A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Appreciative. D. Critical. 【答案】56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者朋友多年前被诗人Robert L. Hass布置了一项特别任务——背诵三首诗，以及作者自己后来开始背诵诗歌的经历和感悟。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“not for any urgent exam reason, he claimed, but instead to prepare them for their unavoidable future occasions when you’re going to be alone, and poetry is going to be all you have(他声称，这不是因为任何紧急的考试原因，而是为了让他们为将来不可避免的孤独时刻做好准备，届时诗歌将成为你唯一拥有的东西)。”可知，Robert L. Hass的目的是为了让学生在未来孤独时有所依靠，以缓解孤独感。故选D。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Because the process is as simple as it is very boring, memorizing a great poem always begins as a crime. The boredom of repetition reduces the great charm it has(因为这个过程既简单又无聊，背诵一首伟大的诗总是开始得像是一种罪过。重复的无聊减少了它所具有的巨大魅力)。”可知，作者认为背诵诗歌的过程中，重复的无聊会破坏诗歌的魅力，因此开始背诵诗歌时就像是一种罪过。故选C。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In other words, poetry survives continuously by becoming a part of those who read it. It can do so only because it is so specific, so entirely different from us, that taking it in expands our own sense of what we are(换句话说，诗歌通过成为读者的一部分而不断存在。它之所以能做到这一点，是因为它是如此的具体，与我们如此的不同，以至于接受它扩展了我们对自己是什么的感觉)。”可知，理解诗歌可以扩展我们对自我的认识，影响我们对自我的理解。A选项“By broadening self-understanding.(通过拓宽自我理解)”符合题意。故选A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“I won’t promise you that memorizing poetry will make your life better, but it will make you more: more in touch with language, with other minds, maybe with what you might yet become(我不会向你保证背诵诗歌会让你的生活变得更好，但它会让你变得更多：更多地接触语言，接触其他思想，也许还有你可能成为的样子)。”可知，作者对背诵诗歌持赞赏的态度，认为背诵诗歌可以让人更多地接触语言、其他思想和可能的自我。故选C。 (B) LONDON’S BEST THEATRE SHOWS FOR TEENS AND OLDER KIDS The Secret Garden A musical based on the classic novel about Mary Lennox, a girl who discovers a hidden garden and, with it, a new sense of hope and family. Kids will be drawn in by the wonderful setting and the heartwarming story, while teens will value the themes of healing (治愈) and growth. Age: 10+ Date: 24th July 2024 Venue (举办地点): Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre Hello Dolly Imelda Staunton returns to the West End for the classic musical “Hello Dolly”. The story follows the activities of Dolly Gallagher Levi as she sets up marriages in 1890s New York City. Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny. Age: 4+ Date: 11th January-14th September 2024 Venue: London Palladium Babies School’s back, and Year 11 students are in for a wild ride! This term, it’s about babies. These plastic simulator dolls (塑料仿真娃娃) are here to teach the teens a thing or two about responsibility. Over one week, beliefs, minds and nappies (尿布) are changed! Kids will love the comedy of watching teens deal with “parenthood.” Age: 11+ Date: Until 14th July 2024 Venue: The Other Palace-Main Theatre Hamilton Hamilton is based on the life story of American politician Alexander Hamilton whose ambition (抱负) led him to an American war hero and George Washington’s right-hand man. This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired. Age: 10+ Date: until 29th March 2025 Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre 60. What do we know about The Secret Garden? A. It teaches teens to get along with their parents. B. It is a great choice for a 13-year-old. C. It will be shown till next year. D. It is based on a famous film. 61. Which of the following does a Harry Potter actress perform in? A. Hamilton. B. Babies. C. The Secret Garden. D. Hello Dolly. 62. Where can teens enjoy mixed types of music? A. The Other Palace-Main Theatre. B. Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre. C. Victoria Palace Theatre. D. London Palladium. 【答案】60. B 61. D 62. C 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了伦敦最适合青少年和大龄儿童观看的剧场演出。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Secret Garden介绍内容中的“Age: 10+(年龄：十岁以上)”可知，The Secret Garden对于13岁的青少年是一个不错的选择。故选B项。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hello Dolly介绍内容中的“Kids will be excited by the colourful sets and costumes, while older teens who may be Harry Potter fans will love seeing Dolores Umbridge, also known as Imelda Staunton, being very funny.(孩子们会为五彩缤纷的布景和服装而兴奋不已，而年龄较大的青少年可能是哈利波特的粉丝，他们会喜欢看到多洛雷斯·乌姆里奇，也被称为伊梅尔达·斯汤顿，非常有趣)”可知，在《哈利·波特》电影中饰演Dolores Umbridge的演员Imelda Staunton将参演Hello Dolly。故选D项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据Hamilton介绍内容中的“This musical offers a mix of hip-hop, jazz, R&B, and Broadway and is perfect for kids who want to feel inspired.(这部音乐剧融合了嘻哈、爵士、R&B和百老汇，非常适合想要感受灵感的孩子们)”以及“Venue: Victoria Palace Theatre(地点：维多利亚宫剧院)”可知，Hamilton结合了不同类型的音乐元素，将在维多利亚宫剧院上演。故选C项。 (C) Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 63．We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C．visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D．the more doctors a patient sees, the better 64．Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A．increase their income by working overtime B．improve their expertise and service C．see more patients at the expense of quality D．make various deals with specialists 65．What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A．Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 66．The best title for this passage is ________. A．The Health Care in Trouble B．The Imbalance System C．The Declining Number of Doctors D．The Ever-rising Health Care Costs 【答案】63．D 64．C 65．A 66．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，以至于初级保健滑落，并给出了具体原因和针对这一问题的对策。 63．推理判断题。根据第三段“The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. (令人吃惊的发现是，医保病人平均每年看7位医生——2位初级保健医生和5位专科医生。与普遍的看法相反，更多的医生照顾你并不能保证更好的护理)”可推断普遍的看法是病人看的医生越多越好，故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据第四段“How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. (我们怎么会让初级保健滑落到如此地步?关键是医生的薪酬。大多数医生在提供医疗服务时获得报酬。医生做得越多，无论质量或结果如何，他得到的补偿就越多。此外，医生的收入很大程度上依赖于医疗或外科手术。一位专家在30分钟内完成一项手术，其收入是一位初级保健医生在30分钟内讨论病人病情的三倍。再加上政府每年都威胁任意地地削减报销，医生们别无选择，只能增加数量来增加收入。)”可知，面对政府不加选择地削减报销的威胁，初级保健医生不得不以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人，故选C。 65．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. (首先要改革医生报销制度。消除初级保健医生每小时挤进更多病人的压力，并奖励他们对疾病的最佳管理和循证医学的实践。通过减免那些选择初级保健作为职业的学生贷款，调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，使初级保健对医学生更具吸引力)”可知为了提供更好的医疗保健，作者建议调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，也就是工资差距，故选A。 66．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段和第二段“Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. (巨额的医疗费用、急诊室的长时间等待以及找不到初级保健医生，这些都只是患者每天面临的问题的皮毛。初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。在卫生结果和费用方面，拥有适当初级保健资源的国家得分很高。美国采取了相反的方法，强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生。)”可知本文主要讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，导致初级保健下滑，也就是保健系统的不平衡，所以B选项“不平衡的系统”符合文章题意，故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. ____67____ Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. ____68____Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. ____69____But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. ____70____ For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A. So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B. Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C. That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D. Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E. This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F. This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. 【答案】67. E 68. B 69. D 70. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蓝牙定位追踪器的用途、滥用风险，以及检测追踪器的方法。 【67题详解】 上文“Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. (技术能让人做很多非凡之事，但也会被滥用造成危害，幸运的是，更多技术发展能对抗这些负面用途)”提到“技术的双面性”和“技术发展”，下文“Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. (蓝牙定位追踪器的设计是为了帮助人们找回丢失的物品，比如手提箱或钱包)”介绍了“蓝牙定位追踪器”的设计初衷。选项E“追踪技术就是如此，近年来它经历了诸多改进”衔接“技术进步”与“追踪技术”的主题，符合语境。故选E。 【68题详解】 上文“But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. (但它们也会被未经许可放入他人包或车中，在对方不知情的情况下追踪)”说明追踪器的滥用风险，下文“Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger.(不幸的是，那些选择跟踪别人的人往往有不好的动机，把他们跟踪的人置于极大的危险之中)”进一步强调危害。选项B“蓝牙追踪器很小，所以被追踪者如果不知道去寻找，就很少能发现它们”解释了“滥用追踪器难以被察觉”的原因，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B。 【69题详解】 下文“But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job.(但如果你的手机没有，或者你想检测更多品牌的追踪器，你可以下载能做更彻底工作的应用程序)”出现转折，说明可下载应用的情况。选项D“智能手机可以搜索追踪器，有些智能手机现在有内置设置，如果你被追踪，它会向你发送通知”介绍了“设备自带的追踪检测功能”，与下文的转折逻辑一致，符合语境。故选D。 【70题详解】 上文“There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. (追踪器被检测到和通知发出之间通常会有延迟)”说明检测通知的延迟特点，下文“For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. (例如，若他人钥匙上的追踪器在公共场合经过你，不会触发通知；但如果追踪器一整天都在你附近，尤其是在你移动的时候，它很可能是在你自己的东西上，应用程序会通知你)”举例说明延迟的原因。选项F“这是为了避免误报，以防追踪器属于恰好附近的其他人”解释了“通知延迟”的目的，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选F。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. 71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】71.The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述“脑饥饿”现象，即因大脑多巴胺信号受损导致身体难以感知饱腹感。其成因可能涉及遗传（多巴胺受体D4基因变异）与肥胖，但二者何为首要因素尚不清楚。减肥对改善脑饥饿效果有限，需综合治疗并注重饮食意识。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food.  ②Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. ③While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected.  ④It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full.  2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The main focus of this article is the phenomenon of “brain hunger”, which occurs when the dopamine signaling in the brain is damaged, making it difficult for the body to perceive a sense of fullness. Its causes may involve genetics (mutations in the dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity, but it is unclear which of the two is the primary factor. Weight loss has limited effectiveness in improving brain hunger, and comprehensive treatment along with a focus on dietary awareness is required. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain.运用过去分词作状语的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient.  运用现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型3]：It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and a combination of treatments for management.运用了名词的并列结构以及介词短语作状语的结构，表达高级。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 超速不仅对于你的乘客而言是非常危险的，而且也是违反法律的。(against)（汉译英） _____________________________________________ 【答案】Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“超速”应用speeding；表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only…but also…；表示“是”应用be，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为speeding，be动词用is；表示“非常危险的”应用very dangerous；表示“对于你的乘客而言”应用for your passengers；表示“违反法律的”应用against the law。故翻译成：Speeding is not only very dangerous for your passengers, but also against the law.。 73. 通过这部纪录片，导演成功地向观众传递了保护濒危物种的重要性。(communicate) (汉译英) _____________________________________________ 【答案】Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 【详解】考查介词短语、时态和固定搭配。方式状语“通过这部纪录片”用介词短语through this documentary；主语“导演”用the director表示；“成功地”用副词successfully，修饰谓语动词；谓语“传递”用动词communicate，描述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时态；宾语“保护濒危物种的重要性”译为the importance of protecting endangered species；“向观众”用介词短语to the audience表示。综上，全句译为：Through this documentary, the director successfully communicated the importance of protecting endangered species to the audience. 74. 这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时都会向团队求助，这足以说明团队协作的核心价值。（汉译英）（Every time . . .） _____________________________________________ 【答案】Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 【详解】考查状语从句、动词时态、非限制性定语从句和动词短语。根据句意，该句描述软件工程师一贯的行为，使用一般现在时，根据提示，表示“每每遇到问题时”使用every time引导的时间状语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“遇到”为encounter，主语“这位软件工程师”为the software engineer，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为encounters，所以“这位软件工程师每每遇到问题时”译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem；主句“向……求助”为turn to...for help，表示“团队”为his team作宾语，所以主句“都会向团队求助”可译为he turns to his team for help；表示“这足以说明团队协作的核心价值”可使用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句内容，which在从句中作主语；表示“说明”为demonstrates作定语从句的谓语，表示“足以”为sufficiently修饰动词demonstrates，表示“团队协作的核心价值”作宾语，可译为the core value of teamwork。故翻译为Every time the software engineer encounters a problem, he turns to his team for help, which sufficiently demonstrates the core value of teamwork. 75. 这位餐厅经理坚持认为，只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时，规模化生产才有意义。(seaweed) （汉译英） _____________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. 【详解】考查宾语从句、条件状语从句、名词短语、动词和时态。“这位餐厅经理坚持认为”译为主句，剩余内容译为宾语从句。“这位餐厅经理”是主语，译为this restaurant manager，“坚持认为”是谓语，用动词insist表示，这里表示餐厅经理当前且一贯持有的观点，用一般现在时，主句译为This restaurant manager insists that…。宾语从句中“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”可视为“规模化生产才有意义”的必要条件，用only when引导状语从句，从句在形式上由when引导，有时间关联意味，但在逻辑上表达了一个强条件，功能上相当于一个条件状语从句；“规模化生产才有意义”为主句。“规模化生产”，译为名词短语large-scale production，这里是“海草的生产”，根据提示，“海草”用名词seaweed，在large-scale production后加介词短词of seaweed作后置定语；“才有意义”使用系表结构is meaningful，时态跟随主句谓语insists，用一般现在时。故“规模化生产才有意义”翻译为large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful。“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”中“公众”为主语，译为the public；“真正了解”和“愿意接受……作为……”处理为并列的谓语，中间用and连接。“了解”用understand表示，跟随全句谓语和宾从中主句时态，用一般现在时，主语the public是一个整体，谓语用第三人称单数形式understands；“真正”用副词truly作状语；“愿意接受……作为……”中“愿意”可省译，“接受……作为……”译为accept sth. as sth.，accept与understands并列，用accepts；“食物来源”译为名词短语a food source，source可数，前面需用不定冠词a；“接受它作为食物来源”译为accepts it as a food source。故“只有当公众真正了解海草并愿意接受它作为食物来源时”翻译为only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source，其中“海草”这个名词已在宾从中主句部分出现，此从句中使用代词it。故全句翻译为The restaurant manager insists that large-scale production of seaweed is meaningful only when the public truly understands and accepts it as a food source. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间。 2. 活动内容：吃月饼，赏月等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Lucy, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Lucy, I’m writing to invite you to join my classmates in visiting a nursing home to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. The outing will commence at 9:00 am and we expect to return by 5:00 pm. During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. It will be a meaningful opportunity to experience traditional Chinese culture while giving back to the community. Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us. Looking forward to hearing from you! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home) 陪老人过中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)。要求考生给外教Lucy写封邮件，邀请她一同前往。 【详解】1.词汇积累 快乐：joy→cheer/happiness 参与：engage in → participate in 开始：commence→start 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there. 拓展句：We plan to bring joy and companionship to the elderly there, which is extremely significative, in my opinion. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During our visit, we’ll engage in various activities such as sharing delicious mooncakes and admiring the full moon together. （运用了动名词短语的并列结构） 【高分句型2】 Your participation would be greatly appreciated and please let me know if you can join us.（运用了if引导条件状语从句以及情态动词的被动语态结构）。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $