考前押题05 词汇填空（期中复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪外版

考前押题05 词汇填空题 话题1 人与社会 话题4 研究发现 话题2 文学艺术 话题5 运动健康 话题3 自然生态 话题6 生活服务 话题1 人与社会 Passage 1 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. Passage 2 A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   1 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 2 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 3 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   4 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 5 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 6 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   7 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 8 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 9 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 10 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. Passage 3 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. 话题2 文学艺术 Passage 1 A．motive   B．resources   C． source   D．contributors   E. interpreted F. enthusiastic   G. exclusive   H. reflections   I. vary   J. negotiated K. shocking Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 1 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 2 — we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 3 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target! For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 4 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 5 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits. But despite the profit 6 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 7 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book. Many celebrities are less 8 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this?” If the value that publishers bring to authors can 9 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 10 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product. Passage 2 A．acclaim   B．especially   C． demonstrating   D．grand   E. glimpse    F. conveyed G. mostly   H. declined   I. universal   J. creative   K. acknowledged The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a poetic dance demonstration of the beauty of traditional Chinese art by the China Oriental Performing Arts Group, was performed at the San Diego Civic Theatre on New Year’s Eve. More than 2,000 people attended the production on Tuesday night, which has been greeted with widespread 1 since its release in 2021. The performance received a standing welcome, with actors taking 10 curtain calls(谢幕) to thunderous applause. “It’s a feast for the eyes and the soul,” says one of the attendees, who 2 to be named. "Even without dialogue, the dancers perfectly 3 the essence of Chinese landscape painting through body language, giving us a unique 4 into Chinese art." Poetic dance is a form of contemporary Chinese performance that combines dance and poetry to tell a story, while exploring the relationship between the two art forms. The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting is about Wang Ximeng, a young Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) painter, whose A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains(千里江山图) is widely 5 to be one of the most important paintings in the history of Chinese art. His story is told through the perspective of a contemporary researcher. The 11-meter scroll painting, which is now part of the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, is a record of the life and landscapes of the time, and mixes realism with imagination. In a fusion of virtual and physical spaces, the painting unfolds onstage, linking the thousand-year-old master painter with contemporary artists, as well as the arts of painting and dance. “This production transcends language barriers,” says Zhou Liya, co-chief director of the production. “Foreign spectators can appreciate its essence through the language of movement. Art is the 6 language that connects across borders." Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen shared their thoughts on the 7 concepts and performance techniques behind the production with artists at a dance school in San Diego on Monday, 8 the integration of traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern stagecraft. Since its premiere in 2021, the production has been performed 650 times, 9 in China, but also in Singapore and Russia. The New Year’s Eve performance was its first in the United States, where it will tour later this year, and marked the 10 finale of the show's 2024 international run. In October, the show was turned into a movie, and the soundtrack has been performed in a series of concerts. Passage 3 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. 话题3 自然生态 Passage 1 A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. Passage 2 A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 1 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 2 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 3 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 4 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 5 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 6 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 7 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 8 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 9 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 10 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. Passage 3 A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   1 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   2 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 3 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 4 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   5 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   6 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   7 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   8 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   9 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 10 . 话题4 研究发现 Passage 1 A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____1____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____2____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____3____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____4____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____5____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___6___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____7____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____8____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____9____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____10_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. Passage 2 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. Passage 3 coordinate  glaring  materialize  proportions  utilize  abuse  susceptible  collective  contend  novel  speculate Nine out of every ten humans are right-handed, an imbalance that researchers for decades have attempted to explain, without definitive success. One of the ideas considered is the fighting hypothesis, which suggests that left-handedness provides an advantage in combat, albeit with an overall hit to physical health that keeps lefties rare in the population. Indeed, males — who historically have competed most strongly for resources and mates — are left-handed at slightly higher rates than females. Moreover, studies suggest that lefties tend to outperform right-handed people in fighting sports as well as in sports that require hand-eye 1 like tennis, baseball, and volleyball. This is likely because players are unaccustomed to competing against lefties as they are rarer. However, a big problem with the fighting hypothesis is that its predicted health disadvantage hasn’t 2 in large studies. On the whole, left-handed people don’t seem to suffer from more health problems than right-handed people, nor do they live shorter lives.Left vs. Right Noticing this 3 issue, a trio of scientists based out of Lund University in Sweden and Chester University in the United Kingdom proposed an update to the fighting hypothesis that comports better with current data. In an article published in the journal Symmetry, Matz Larsson, Astrid Schepman, and Paul Rodway 4 that right-handed humans actually had a greater fighting advantage over much of our species’ history, which is why they’ve become far more numerous. “When left-handers became rarer, they gained a surprise advantage and the 5 of left- and right-handers in a population stabilized,” they further explained. So why do right-handed humans have a fighting advantage? According to the researchers, it has to do with the position of the heart and the notion that humans did most of their fighting with handheld, pointy weapons like wooden spears for much of our species’ existence. About three-quarters of the heart is situated in the left hemithorax, making the left side of the chest a(n) 6 target for a mortal blow. The researchers note that when humans battle with stabbing weapons, the hand 7 to hold the weapon determines which area of the chest is exposed to an opponent. A left-handed grip will rotate the left side of the chest, and thus most of the heart, toward an enemy, while a right-handed grip will rotate it away. Moreover, a free left arm could be used to deflect spear strikes in combat. 8 , this means that right-handed humans might be more protected from a deadly strike. Based on this 9 version of the fighting hypothesis, a key prediction can be made. Since there is no health disadvantage from being left-handed and fighting with pointy weapons is no longer an evolutionary pressure, we should see the proportion of left-handed people stay the same in modern societies or broadly rise. Some studies suggest that left-handedness has increased in the 20th century, but it is uncertain if this is due to genetic or cultural reasons. It should be noted that this new explanation for the preponderance of right-handed people is still very much a hypothesis, based on 10 from physiological facts and behavioral anecdotes, with further support from large, albeit observational, data sets. The modified fighting hypothesis is cogent, but as yet unproven. 话题5 运动健康 Passage 1 A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____1____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____2____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____3____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____4____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____5____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____6____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____7____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____8____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____9____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____10____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” Passage 2 A．avoided   B．processed   C． suited   D．equal   E. steer   F. interfere G. understandably   H. concentration   I. thirst   J. cabin   K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are 1 less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created 2 . Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So, which foods are best 3 on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the 4 ,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen 5 in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also 6 with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to 7 clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly 8 snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could 9 your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your 10 with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. Passage 3 A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 话题6 生活服务 Passage 1 A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 1 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 2 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 3 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 4 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 5 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 6 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 7 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 8 to display products. Not to mention, 9 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 10 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. Passage 2 A．finances  B．continued  C． decline   D．addressing  E. pressured  AB．unneedy AC． giving  AD．charges  AE. tempered  BC． skipping  BD．cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be 1 by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 2 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 3 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 4 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 5 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 6 is important to you. Then find charities that are 7 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 8 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 9 against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ 10 , governance and effectiveness. Passage 3 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 1 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 2 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 3 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 4 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   5 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 6 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 7 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 8 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 9 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 10 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前押题05 词汇填空题 话题1 人与社会 话题4 研究发现 话题2 文学艺术 话题5 运动健康 话题3 自然生态 话题6 生活服务 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 人与社会 Passage 1 A．avoid       B．diligent      C． flexible     D．guidance      E. imagination F. independent G. initiative  H. prospects     I. pursue       J. ruin          K. unrealistic Why don’t you get a proper job? Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious. They are optimistic about their 1 , but their career ideas are rather vague. A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a dead-end but secure job that is boring but pays the bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to 2 traditionally female careers such as nursing. In the past, this might have counted as bad news. But the world has changed. The global economy is not kind to yesterday’s 3 and dependable worker. The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the 4 . This means that a 14-year-old who sees her working future as a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is not necessarily being 5 . However, she has to have the training and 6 to help her develop the right skills for today’s market; not the rigid (死板的) preparation for a workplace that disappeared 20 years ago. So what is to be done? Agood first step would be to change the way in which schools prepare young people for adult life. The education system is becoming less 7 and more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills at just the time that the employment market is going in the opposite direction. Accurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and qualifications can help guidance counsellors to help their students. Young people need solid information on the sort of training they need to 8 the career of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can go a long way. What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes. Once we’ve done that, it’s easier to see how important it is that they learn how to be 9 and resourceful. Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now. In a world that offers economic security to almost no one, 10 is a terrible thing to waste. 【答案】1．H 2．A 3．B 4．G 5．K 6．D 7．C 8．I 9．F 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何帮助青少年在当今快速变化的就业市场中找到自己的定位，发展适合市场的技能，并鼓励他们勇敢地追求自己的梦想。 1．考查名词。句意：他们对自己的前景很乐观，但他们的职业理想却相当模糊。由上文“Today’s 14-and 15-year-olds are ambitious”可知，句子表示“他们对自己的前景很乐观”，空格处意为“前景”，是prospect，要用复数，故选H。 2．考查不定式。句意：近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业。由上文“Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job, while most girls seemed determined to”可知，句子表示“近一半的受访男孩希望他们的爱好能让他们找到合适的工作，而大多数女孩似乎决心避免从事护士等传统的女性职业”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，be determined to do是固定短语，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。 3．考查形容词。句意：全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好。由下文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“全球经济对昔日勤奋可靠的工人并不友好”，空格处意为“勤奋的”，是diligent，故选B。 4．考查名词。句意：未来属于思维敏捷、足智多谋、雄心勃勃、能采取主动的人。由上文“resourceful, ambitious”可知，句子表示“未来属于思维敏捷，能采取主动的人”，空格处意为“主动性，积极性”，用名词作宾语，是initiative，take the initiative是固定短语，意为“采取主动”，故选G。 5．考查形容词。句意：这意味着，一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的。由上文“The future belongs to quick-thinking people who are resourceful, ambitious and can take the __4__”可知，句子表示“一个14岁的女孩把自己的工作未来视为一种冒险，可以随着她的发展而改变，这并不一定是不现实的”，空格处意为“不现实的”，是unrealistic，故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，她必须接受培训和指导，以帮助她发展适合当今市场的技能;而不是20年前消失的那种死板的职场准备。由上文“she has to have the training and”和下文“to help her develop the right skills for today’s market”可知，句子表示“她必须接受培训和指导”，空格处意为“指导”，是guidance，是不可数名词，故选D。 7．考查形容词。句意：教育体系正变得越来越不灵活，越来越注重传统技能，而与此同时，就业市场正朝着相反的方向发展。由下文“more obsessed (无法摆脱) with traditional skills”可知，句子表示“教育体系正变得越来越不灵活”，空格处意为“灵活的”，是flexible，故选C。 8．考查不定式。句意：年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息。由下文“the career of their dreams”可知，句子表示“年轻人需要关于他们追求梦想的职业所需的培训的可靠信息”，空格处意为“追求”，是pursue，空格处用不定式表目的，故选I。 9．考查形容词。句意：一旦我们做到了这一点，就更容易看出他们学会如何独立和足智多谋是多么重要。由上文“The best thing is to forget all the advice that our parents gave us, and step into our teenager’s shoes”可知，句子表示“他们学会如何独立”，空格处意为“独立的”，是independent，故选F。 10．考查名词。句意：在一个几乎不向任何人提供经济保障的世界里，浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情。由上文“Give them the courage to follow their dreams—however odd they might sound right now”可知，句子表示“浪费想象力是一件可怕的事情”，空格处意为“想象力”，是imagination，是不可数名词，故选E。 Passage 2 A．overemphasized      B．diverse    C． promoting     D．resources       E. critical F. normalization    G. embrace    H. shaping    I. affordable   J. decorated   K. questioning Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in modern society, offering individuals the opportunity to enhance their physical appearance through various procedures. However, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are   1 and complex, reflecting a range of beliefs and values. One common attitude towards cosmetic surgery is the acceptance and 2 of it. With advancements in medical technology and the rise of social media influencers 3 beauty standards, more people view cosmetic surgery as a valid means of self-improvement. For some, undergoing plastic surgery is similar to getting a haircut or going to the gym — a personal choice to enhance one’s confidence and self-esteem. On the other hand, there is a segment of society that holds a more   4 view of cosmetic surgery. Some individuals believe that altering one’s appearance through surgery perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards and 5 physical appearance. They argue that true beauty comes from within and that society should focus on advocating self-acceptance and body positivity. Additionally, there is a subset of people who view cosmetic surgery as a luxury 6 only to the wealthy and privileged. Some argue that   7 should be allocated towards more essential healthcare needs rather than cosmetic enhancements. Furthermore, cultural and religious beliefs play a significant role in 8 attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. In some cultures, altering one’s appearance through surgery may be seen as taboo or challenge to traditional values. Overall, people’s attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are influenced by a variety of factors including societal norms, personal values, cultural beliefs, and economic considerations. While some 9 cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence, others view it with skepticism, 10 its impact on beauty standards and societal priorities. Ultimately, the choice to undergo cosmetic surgery is a personal decision that reflects individual attitudes and values towards beauty and self-image in today’s society. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．E 5．A 6．I 7．D 8．H 9．G 10．K 【导语】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要介绍了现代社会中人们对整形手术的不同态度及其背后的原因，包括社会文化因素、个人价值观、经济条件等。 1．考查形容词。句意：然而，人们对整形手术的态度是多样和复杂的，反映了各种信仰和价值观。结合上下文，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词attitudes“态度”，且表达出“多样的”的含义，用形容词diverse，作定语。故选B。 2．考查名词。句意：人们对整容手术的普遍态度是接受并将其正常化。此处与acceptance“接受”并列，作表语，且需要表达“规范化，正规化”的意思，用名词normalization。故选F。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着医疗技术的进步和社交媒体影响者推动美容标准的提升，越来越多的人将整形手术视为自我提升的有效手段。逗号前为with复合结构，此处描述社交媒体影响者在“提升”美容标准方面的作用，用promote“提升”的现在分词，作宾补。故选C。 4．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，社会上有一部分人对整形手术持更为批判性的看法。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词view“观点”，表达“批判性”的含义，因此用形容词critical，作定语。故选E。 5．考查形容词。句意：一些人认为通过手术来改变一个人的外表会延续不现实的美丽标准和过分强调身体的外表。此处需要一个形容词，表示“过份强调的”的意思，用形容词overemphasized，作定语，修饰physical appearance。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：此外，还有一小部分人认为整容手术是只有富人和特权阶层才能负担得起的奢侈品。此处需要一个形容词，修饰名词luxury“奢侈品”，表达“买得起的，负担得起的”之意，用形容词affordable，作后置定语。故选I。 7．考查名词。句意：一些人认为，资源应该被分配到更基本的医疗需求上，而不是用于整形美容。此处需要一个名词，指代应当被重新分配的东西，即“资源”，用名词resource的复数resources。故选D。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，文化和宗教信仰在塑造对整形手术的态度上起着重要作用。此处需要一个动词，表达“塑造、影响”的意思，用动词shape的动名词形式，作in的宾语。故选H。 9．考查动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。由空后的“cosmetic surgery as a tool for self-improvement and enhancing confidence”可知，此处需要一个动词表达“欣然接受，乐意采纳”的意思，用动词embrace，作从句谓语。故选G。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然有些人接受整容手术，将其作为自我提升和增强自信的工具，但也有人持怀疑态度，质疑它对审美标准和社会优先事项的影响。view为主句谓语，本空需要非谓语动词动词，此处需要一个现在分词形式，表达“质疑”的意思，用question的现在分词questioning，作状语。故选K。 Passage 3 A．demonstration        B．conversation        C． escaped            D．marching        E. campaigning F. reluctantly            G. absorbing            H. participated        I. prohibited        J. completely K. exhaustion The summer heat has reached its breaking point for a group of high school students in Wales, as the boys decided to protest their school’s strict uniform policy which 1 wearing shorts no matter what weather, by showing up to school in skirts. After they 2 to the bathroom to change into all-black skirts, seventeen White church High School students emerged wearing skirts on campus, and they 3 in the campaign to resist the customary uniform trousers. The boys’ 4 was less an act of politically urged civil disobedience than it was a way to beat the heat. While none of the boys were punished for their protesting efforts, the movement was short-lived. After proudly 5 into the headmaster’s office shouting “we want to wear shorts”, they were quickly ordered to change back into trousers. “We had a 6 with some boys and they have worn trousers,” said Principal Jones Williams. Protester Tyrone Evelyn, 15, told Wales Online that the group would continue 7 for a change. “It’s just appropriate for the weather. Over the last few days I’ve had a few headaches and skin irritations. Girls can wear skirts, so I don’t see why we can’t wear shorts. It’s a reasonable protest.” The boys 8 agreed to write a letter to their Students’ Union, applying for a rule change by next summer. Heat 9 and heat stroke are the two most common illnesses that occur when temperature rises. According to Mayo Clinic, wearing loose-fitting and light-colored clothing helps protected person from trapping sweat or 10 too much heat. 【答案】1．I 2．C 3．H 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．E 8．J 9．K 10．G 【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章简洁明了地报道了一群威尔士高中生通过穿裙子来抗议学校校服政策，要求允许在炎热天气穿短裤的事件，以及事件的结果。 1．考查动词时态。句意：对于威尔士的一群高中生来说，夏天的炎热已经到了极限，男孩们决定穿裙子去上学，以抗议学校严格的校服政策——无论什么天气都禁止穿短裤。此处为定语从句谓语动词，表示“禁止”穿短裤，且由上文谓语decided可知，事情发生在过去，which引导的定语从句时态用一般过去时，因此用prohibit“禁止”的过去式prohibited。故选I项。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为时间状语从句谓语动词，根据语境，他们需要去洗手间换上全黑的裙子，因此应该是“逃到”洗手间去换衣服，且由主句谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，用escape“逃离”的过去式escaped。故选C项。 3．考查动词时态。句意：在他们逃到浴室换上全黑的裙子后，17名白人教会高中的学生穿着裙子出现在校园里，他们参加了抵制传统制服裤子的运动。此处为谓语动词，由in the campaign可知，他们参加了抵制传统校服裤子的运动，且由并列谓语emerged可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，因此用participate“参加”的过去式participated。participate in“参加”为固定搭配。故选H项。 4．考查名词。句意：男孩们的这一行为与其说是一场政治驱动的公民抗命行动，不如说是一种应对高温的方式。由The boys’可知，此处需要一个名词，作为句子的主语，表示“行为”或“示威”，因此用demonstration“示威”。故选A项。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们骄傲地走进校长办公室，喊着“我们要穿短裤”，但很快就被要求换回长裤。介词After后需要一个动名词形式，与“into the headmaster’s office”搭配，表示一种动态的进入方式，因此用march的动名词marching，march into“行进，进入”为固定搭配。故选D项。 6．考查名词。句意：校长琼斯·威廉姆斯说：“我们和一些男孩进行了交谈，现在他们已经穿回了长裤。”由空前的a可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“交谈”，作为had的宾语，因用名词conversation“交谈，谈话”。故选B项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：抗议者Tyrone Evelyn，15岁，告诉Wales Online，这群人会继续为改变而运动。continue doing sth.“继续做某事”，且此处需要一个动名词形式，表示“参与活动，运动”，因此用campaign“参加运动”的动名词campaigning。故选E项。 8．考查副词。句意：男孩们完全同意给学生会写一封信，申请在明年夏天之前改变规定。这里需要一个副词来修饰“同意”，因此用completely“完全地”，作状语。故选J项。 9．考查名词。句意：热衰竭和中暑是气温升高时最常见的两种疾病。由空后的when temperature rises可知，这里表示由于高温而造成的疾病，heat exhaustion表示“热衰竭”，是一种因长时间暴露在高温环境中而引起的疾病，用名词exhaustion。故选K项。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据Mayo Clinic的说法，穿宽松和浅色的衣服有助于保护人们不出汗或吸收过多的热量。protect...from...“保护……免受……的影响”。根据空前的or可知，本空用动名词，与空前的trapping并列，作from的宾语，用absorb“吸收”的动名词absorbing。故选G项。 话题2 文学艺术 Passage 1 A．motive   B．resources   C． source   D．contributors   E. interpreted F. enthusiastic   G. exclusive   H. reflections   I. vary   J. negotiated K. shocking Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 1 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 2 — we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 3 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target! For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 4 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 5 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits. But despite the profit 6 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 7 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book. Many celebrities are less 8 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this?” If the value that publishers bring to authors can 9 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 10 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product. 【答案】1．H 2．K 3．G 4．E 5．B 6．A 7．J 8．F 9．I 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以泰勒・斯威夫特自出版书籍这一事件为切入点，深入分析出版行业的变化趋势，探讨名人自出版现象及其背后的动机、面临的挑战，以及对传统出版商的影响等内容 。 1．考查名词。句意：在塔吉特（Target）官方泰勒・斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）《时代》巡回演唱会纪念书的产品页面上，有这样一些细节 ——256 页；500 张图片以及泰勒・斯威夫特撰写的个人感悟 —— 在 “规格” 标题下有一个不太起眼的栏目。分析句子可知，此空需要填名词，结合语境，personal reflections表示“个人的反思、感悟”，符合书里包含图片和个人感悟的描述。故选H。 2．考查形容词。句意：这位超级巨星绕过传统出版商，自己发行这本书。这或许并不那么令人震惊 —— 我们知道她喜欢省去中间人。分析句子可知，此空需要填形容词作表语。再根据“we know she loves to cut out a middleman”可知，这里说明她自己出版书这件事因为她一贯的行事风格，所以也许并不那么令人震惊，“shocking”符合语境。故选K。 3．考查形容词。句意：她与塔吉特（Target）也有长期的零售合作关系，塔吉特将是这本书的独家零售商，所以泰勒的粉丝们，你们别无选择，只能去塔吉特！分析句子可知，此空需要填形容词作定语，再从“so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target”可知，Target是这本书唯一的零售商，exclusive有“唯一的，独有的”意思。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：对于制作和销售书籍的公司来说，这可能被解读为一个警告信号，因为每一分钱都花在了这个肯定会大获成功的产品上。分析句子可知，此空可填动词过去分词构成被动语态，“be interpreted as”是固定搭配，意为“被解读为”，符合此处语境，表示这件事对相关公司来说可能被理解为一种警示。故选E。 5．考查名词。句意：最近，各种拥有可观个人资源（金钱、追随者、知名度）的作家都自行出版书籍或做出非传统的出版安排。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，且“money, followers, notoriety”这些都属于个人所拥有的资源范畴，“resources(资源)”符合语境。故选B。 6．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管自己做所有事情有利润动机，似乎并非每个名人都会追随泰勒・斯威夫特的脚步。分析句子可知，这里讨论自己出版书籍背后的原因，“profit motive(利润动机)”表示出于对利润的追求而采取行动，符合文意。故选A。 7．考查动词。句意：很少有明星，尤其是那些只想提升个人品牌的明星，会有足够的精力或兴趣去寻找编辑、律师、设计师、校对员、版权专家，以及其他创作、发行和销售一本书所需要的专业人士。分析句子可知，此空应填动词与前面to构成不定式，明星要出版书籍，需要寻找各类专业人士进行沟通协商，“source(寻找…的来源)”符合语境。故选C。 8．考查形容词。句意：正如弗里德曼所说，许多名人对建立一个商业帝国的热情不如泰勒・斯威夫特，他们可能会想：“我真的需要在这件事上瞎忙活吗？” 分析句子可知，这里需要一个形容词，“enthusiastic”表示“热情的”，即很多名人不像Swift 那样热衷于建立一个商业帝国。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：如果出版商为作者带来的价值可能有所不同，那么名人给出版商带来的价值一直都很显著。分析句子可知，此空需要动词作谓语，“vary”表示“变化，不同”，即出版商给作者带来的价值可能不同。故选I。 10．考查名词。句意：他们可能对公司的利润底线有重要贡献，但要像大多数书籍一样畅销，他们也需要付出同样多的努力。分析句子可知，此空需要填名词作表语，“contributors”表示“贡献者”，即名人可以是对公司利润有重要贡献的人。故选D。 Passage 2 A．acclaim   B．especially   C． demonstrating   D．grand   E. glimpse    F. conveyed G. mostly   H. declined   I. universal   J. creative   K. acknowledged The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting, a poetic dance demonstration of the beauty of traditional Chinese art by the China Oriental Performing Arts Group, was performed at the San Diego Civic Theatre on New Year’s Eve. More than 2,000 people attended the production on Tuesday night, which has been greeted with widespread 1 since its release in 2021. The performance received a standing welcome, with actors taking 10 curtain calls(谢幕) to thunderous applause. “It’s a feast for the eyes and the soul,” says one of the attendees, who 2 to be named. "Even without dialogue, the dancers perfectly 3 the essence of Chinese landscape painting through body language, giving us a unique 4 into Chinese art." Poetic dance is a form of contemporary Chinese performance that combines dance and poetry to tell a story, while exploring the relationship between the two art forms. The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting is about Wang Ximeng, a young Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) painter, whose A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains(千里江山图) is widely 5 to be one of the most important paintings in the history of Chinese art. His story is told through the perspective of a contemporary researcher. The 11-meter scroll painting, which is now part of the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, is a record of the life and landscapes of the time, and mixes realism with imagination. In a fusion of virtual and physical spaces, the painting unfolds onstage, linking the thousand-year-old master painter with contemporary artists, as well as the arts of painting and dance. “This production transcends language barriers,” says Zhou Liya, co-chief director of the production. “Foreign spectators can appreciate its essence through the language of movement. Art is the 6 language that connects across borders." Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen shared their thoughts on the 7 concepts and performance techniques behind the production with artists at a dance school in San Diego on Monday, 8 the integration of traditional Chinese aesthetics with modern stagecraft. Since its premiere in 2021, the production has been performed 650 times, 9 in China, but also in Singapore and Russia. The New Year’s Eve performance was its first in the United States, where it will tour later this year, and marked the 10 finale of the show's 2024 international run. In October, the show was turned into a movie, and the soundtrack has been performed in a series of concerts. 【答案】1．A 2．H 3．F 4．E 5．K 6．I 7．J 8．C 9．G 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的诗歌舞蹈《只此青绿》的创作和世界各国循环演出的情况。 1．考查名词。句意：周二晚上，超过2000人参加了演出，自2021年上映以来，该剧受到了广泛的好评。根据空格前的with widespread可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，且意义为“赞扬，称誉，高度评价”，所以名词acclaim填入空格处，符合句意。故选A项。 2．考查动词。句意：“这是一场视觉和心灵的盛宴，”其中一位不愿透露姓名的与会者说。根据空格后的to be named可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，且意义为“拒绝，谢绝”。所以动词declined填入空格处，符合句意。故选H项。 3．考查动词。句意：“即使没有对白，舞者们也通过肢体语言完美地传达了中国山水画的精髓，让我们对中国艺术有了独特的感受。”根据句意和空格后的名词短语the essence of Chinese landscape painting可知，空格处应该用动词作谓语，且意义为“表达，传递”，所以动词conveyed填入空格处，符合句意。故选F项。 4．考查名词。句意：“即使没有对白，舞者们也通过肢体语言完美地传达了中国山水画的精髓，让我们对中国艺术有了独特的感受。”根据句意和空格前的giving us a unique可知，空格处应该用单数名词作宾语，且意义为“感受；体验”，所以，名词glimpse填入空格处，符合句意。故选E项。 5．考查动词。句意：《只此青绿》讲述的是北宋青年画家王希孟（50-1127 年）的故事，他的《千里江山图》被广泛认为是中国艺术史上最重要的画作之一。根据句意和空格前的is widely可知，空格处应该用过去分词形式构成被动语态，且意义为“承认；认可”，所以，动词acknowledged填入空格处，符合句意。故选K项。 6．考查形容词。句意：艺术是跨越国界的通用语言。根据句意和空格后的名词language可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，且意义为“通用的”，所以，形容词universal填入空格处，符合句意。故选I项。 7．考查形容词。句意：周一，周和另一位总导演韩震在圣地亚哥的一所舞蹈学校与艺术家分享了他们对制作背后的创意概念和表演技巧的看法，特别是中国传统美学与现代舞台艺术的融合。根据句意和空格后的名词concepts可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“创造性的”，所以形容词creative填入空格处，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：周一，周和另一位总导演韩震在圣地亚哥的一所舞蹈学校与艺术家分享了他们对制作背后的创意概念和表演技巧的看法，展示了中国传统美学与现代舞台艺术的融合。空格处作状语，结合句意，用demonstrate“展示”作状语，与主语“Zhou and fellow chief director Han Zhen ”是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选C项。 9．考查副词。句意：自 2021 年首演以来，该作品已上演 650 场，主要在中国，但也在新加坡和俄罗斯。空格处作状语，修饰下文的地点状语in China，且意义为“多半，主要地”，所以，副词mostly填入空格处，符合句意。故选G项。 10．考查形容词。句意：除夕夜演出是该剧在美国的首场演出，将于今年晚些时候在美国巡演，标志着该剧2024年国际演出的压轴演出。根据句意和空格后的名词final可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“壮丽的；极好的”，所以形容词grand填入空格处，符合句意。故选D项。 Passage 3 A．topic      B．developed      C． arguably     D．increasingly     E. repeated     F. events G. shares     H. individual     I. influenced     J. appeals          K. literary Poetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 1 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 2 to both emotions and senses. Sound is 3 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 4 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 5 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter. Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 6 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 7 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 8 of choice for many poets at that time. Poetry 9 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 10 expression in modern times. 【答案】1．G 2．J 3．C 4．H 5．E 6．F 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌的写作特点以及历史发展。 1．考查动词。句意：诗歌是一种写作，在这种写作中，除了作者所共有的经历或强烈的感情之外，还通过一组词的音意来表达思想或情感。根据“the experiences or strong feelings the writer”以及句意“共享”可知应填动词share，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语用三单形式。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：诗歌能吸引读者的注意力，因为它既能吸引人的情感，又能吸引人的感官。根据“Poetry catches the attention of a reader”以及句意“吸引”可知应填appeal，为一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：声音可以说是任何诗歌中最重要的一个方面。根据“the single most important aspect of any poem”以及句意“可以说”可知应填副词arguably，修饰动词。故选C。 4．考查形容词。句意：典型的故事或报道并不关注每个单词在阅读时发出的声音。根据“word makes when read”以及句意“单词”可知应填individual，修饰名词word。故选H。 5．考查形容词。句意：当你读一首诗的时候，你经常会听到这种重复的模式，或者声音中的“节拍”。根据“pattern, or “beat” in the sounds”以及句意“重复的”可知应填repeated，修饰名词pattern。故选E。 6．考查名词。句意：早在公元前700年，那里的诗人就在公共活动和宗教仪式上背诵他们的作品。根据“and religious ceremonies”以及句意“活动”可知应填复数名词events，故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：希腊人最终影响了罗马诗人，比如公元前30年写了《埃涅阿斯纪》的维吉尔。根据“such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE”以及句意“影响”可知应填动词influence，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选I。 8．考查名词。句意：宗教和浪漫成为当时许多诗人选择的主题。根据“Religion and romance”以及句意“主题”可知应填名词topic，作表语。故选A。 9．考查动词。句意：诗歌在文艺复兴时期得到了更大的发展，这是一个有着许多伟大文化成就的时代。根据“an era of many great cultural achievements”以及句意“发展”可知应填动词develop，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选B。 10．考查形容词。句意：诗歌作为一种文学表达形式在现代继续发展和变化。根据“Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of”以及句意“文学”可知应填形容词literary，修饰名词expression。故选K。 话题3 自然生态 Passage 1 A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 1 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 2 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 3 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 4 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 5 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 6 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 7 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 8 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 9 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 10 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】1．H 2．K 3．B 4．G 5．F 6．J 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 1．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，这是一个独立主格结构，根据下文“this is a serious problem(这是一个严重的问题)”可知，空白处应填表示“严重地”含义的表达。critically意为“关键地，严重地”，在此处表示前因后果的关系，符合句意。故选K项。 3．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 5．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 6．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 7．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 9．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 10．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 Passage 2 A．average B．adapt C． consisting D．persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops 1 and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships 2 in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 3 cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people 4 to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — 5 cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has 6 to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and 7 of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out 8 what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories 9 from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the 10 trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．I 7．C 8．E 9．K 10．J 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球北半球的小冰河时期的情况。 1．考查动词。句意：在此期间，北半球经历了长时间的低温，人们目睹了庄稼歉收，河流冻结，比如斯海尔德河。根据“the Northern Hemisphere experienced long stretches of temperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知应填fail，此处为现在分词作宾补。故选G。 2．考查动词。句意：成千上万的人在结冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；马背上的士兵看见船陷在冰里；当地人用雪鞋智胜英国军队……根据“in the ice”以及句意“陷在”可知应填过去分词stuck，作宾补。故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：这些是定义小冰期的一些图像——在过去一千年的几个世纪里，北半球的部分地区与持续的寒冷作斗争。根据“These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium”以及句意“持续的”可知应填形容词persistent，修饰名词cold。故选D。 4．考查动词。句意：但是，是什么导致了小冰期，它持续了多长时间，人们是如何适应寒冷的，当我们进入自己的气候变化时期时，我们能学到什么？根据“to the freezing cold”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，此处为特殊疑问句，应填原形。故选B。 5．考查形容词。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——平均温度可能只有0.5摄氏度，或者1华氏度——或者它一直很冷。根据“nor was it consistently cold”以及句意“平均的”可知应填形容词average，修饰名词cooling。故选A。 6．考查动词。句意：乔治城大学环境史副教授达格马尔·德格鲁特把这个时代称为一系列的“小冰河期”。根据“to the era as a series of “little ice ages.””以及句意“称为”可知应填refer，根据has可知为现在完成时。故选I。 7．考查动词。句意：尽管一些研究人员认为它可能开始得更早，但美国宇航局将小冰川期定义为大约始于1550年，由三个寒冷的高峰组成——大约在1650年、1770年和1850年。根据“of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选C。 8．考查副词。句意：科学家们还在研究导致小冰河期的确切原因。根据“what caused the Little Ice Age too”以及句意“确切”可知应填副词exactly，作状语。故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：从太阳活动减少到火山爆发增加，再到北美人口的减少，这使得森林取代了农田，在这个过程中从大气中去除了大约70亿吨的碳。根据“from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America”以及句意“范围变化”可知应填动词range，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选K。 10．考查形容词。句意：2022年的一项研究认为，最初的触发因素实际上是14世纪后期从热带向北流动的极暖水上升，将北极的冰推入北大西洋。根据“trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知应填形容词initial，作定语修饰名词trigger。故选J。 Passage 3 A．threat   B．originally   C． defense   D．reduced   E. potential   F. destructive G. unintentionally   H. enormous   I. released   J. astronomical   K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and   1 . From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported   2 , like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, 3 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners 4 them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is   5 . According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a   6 to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the   7 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have   8 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural   9 , resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become 10 . 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．B 4．I 5．H 6．A 7．E 8．D 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了入侵物种对生态系统和经济的影响。 1．考查形容词。句意：这种入侵物种不仅令人讨厌，而且代价高昂，具有破坏性。根据上文“is not only annoying but also expensive and”可知，此处需要一个形容词与annoying和expensive并列，destructive“破坏性的”符合句意。故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：有时非本地物种被无意中进口，例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美。根据下文“like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America(例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“无意地”，unintentionally符合句意。故选G。 3．考查副词。句意：例如，某些亚洲鱼类最初是从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场的，但后来逃脱并进入了当地的河流。根据下文“imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S(从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“最初”，originally符合句意。故选B。 4．考查动词的过去分词。句意：同样地，绿鬣蜥被作为宠物带到中国，但一些不负责任的主人将它们放归野外。根据下文“into the wild(进入野外)”可知，空白处应填表示“释放”含义的表达，released“释放”符合句意。故选I。 5．考查形容词。句意：引入物种对世界经济的影响是巨大的。根据下文“According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually.(根据美国政府的估计，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失)”可知，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失，空白处应填表示“巨大的”含义的表达。故选H。 6．考查名词。句意：在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产，并对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁。根据上文“In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production(在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产)”可知，此处表示的是绿鬣蜥对农业生产造成的破坏，可推理出下文说的是绿鬣蜥对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁，pose a threat to为固定短语，含义为“对……构成威胁”，符合句意。故选A。 7．考查形容词。句意：入侵物种有可能通过扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地。根据下文“to destroy their new habitats(摧毁它们的新栖息地)”可知，入侵物种有扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地的可能性，空白处应填表示“潜在的可能性”含义的表达。故选E。 8．考查动词的过去分词。句意：例如，在佛罗里达州，缅甸蟒蛇已经使一些地区的哺乳动物数量减少了90%。根据下文“some regional mammal populations by 90 percent(使一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%)”可知，一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%，可推理出空白处应填表示“减少”含义的表达。故选D。 9．考查名词。句意：此外，入侵物种还可能携带当地物种没有天然防御能力的疾病，导致整个本土物种灭绝。根据下文“resulting in the extinction of an entire native species(导致整个本土物种灭绝)”可知，入侵物种还可能携带疾病，如果当地物种没有抵御能力的话，可能会导致整个本土物种灭绝。可推理出空白处应填表示“防御”含义的表达，defense符合句意。故选C。 10．考查形容词。句意：除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将变得天文数字般巨大。根据上文“Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become(除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“天文数字般的”含义的表达，astronomical符合句意。故选J。 话题4 研究发现 Passage 1 A. combining B. defenseless C. diversified D. efficiency E. mixed F. origins G. possibilities H. previously I. promising J. reasonably K. transformed What’s a Potato? A Nine-Million-Year-Old Tomato. As a foodstuff, the potato can be baked, boiled, fried and more. As a crop, it is among the world’s most important, with more than 350 million tons produced annually. Its ____1____ — it requires less land than rice — and its ability to grow in a variety of environments has made it essential to global food security. For all that, the plant’s ____2____ have remained unclear. According to a study published on July 24, 2025, potatoes may have arisen nine million years ago through the ____3____ of genetic (基因的) material from Etuberosum, a group of potato-like plants from South America, and wild tomato plants. According to the study, this hybridization event led to the birth of the potato plant’s unique feature, the tuber, an underground structure which, as humans eventually discovered, is eatable. But why do potatoes look like one plant but share relationship with another? The researchers found that the modern potato had a(n). ____4____ ancestry, which arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families eight million to nine million years ago and led to the start of tubers. This hybridization may have ____5____ potato species and enabled them to expand their range across cold regions. It was a very well-done study, indicating that the genes responsible for tuber formation were a combination of the genetic material from each evolutionary parent. Pingxian Zhang from the Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences expressed excitement at the ___6___ for future studies. Only a handful of potato species are planted, and improving on them has posed challenges: As a crop, they are typically spread through cloning, which limits their genetic variety and makes them more ____7____ to diseases. Engineering potatoes with genetic material from tomatoes could be a(n) ____8____ way forward, Dr. Zhang said. In the last few years, researchers have been able to analyze genomes at a much larger scale than before and infer ____9____ mysterious evolutionary connections. These studies have_____10_____ our understanding of what might have occurred in the past. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. A 4. E 5. K 6. G 7. B 8. I 9. H 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项研究发现土豆的起源可能与番茄和类土豆植物的基因杂交有关，以及该发现对未来土豆作物改良的意义。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：它的高效性——所需土地比水稻少——以及在多种环境中生长的能力，使其成为全球粮食安全的关键。根据后文“requires less land than rice”可知，这是土豆的优势特性，efficiency意为“高效性”，符合“土地需求少”体现的高效特点。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，这种植物的起源仍然不明。根据下文研究探讨土豆的形成过程可知，此处指土豆的起源问题，origins意为“起源”，与“remained unclear”相呼应。故选F。 【3题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据2025年7月24日发表的一项研究，土豆可能起源于900万年前，由来自南美的一组类土豆植物Etuberosum和野生番茄植物的基因物质结合而成。根据后文“this hybridization event”可知，此处指基因物质的结合，combining意为“结合”，符合杂交的科学定义。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员发现，现代土豆有着混合的祖先，它起源于800万至900万年前番茄和Etuberosum家族的杂交，并促成了块茎的出现。根据“arose from a hybrid tomato and Etuberosum families”可知，土豆的祖先是混合的，mixed意为“混合的”，符合杂交产生的祖先特征。故选E。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种杂交可能改变了土豆品种，使其能够在寒冷地区扩展分布范围。根据“enabled them to expand their range across cold regions”可知，杂交给土豆品种带来了改变，transformed意为“改变”，符合“扩展分布范围”的结果导向。故选K。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国农业科学院的张平仙对未来研究的可能性表示兴奋。根据“for future studies”可知，此处指研究带来的潜在方向，possibilities意为“可能性”，符合对未来研究的期待语境。故选G。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：作为一种作物，它们通常通过克隆繁殖，这限制了它们遗传多样性，使它们更容易感染疾病。根据“limits their genetic variety”可知，遗传单一性会让土豆缺乏抗病能力，defenseless意为“无防御能力的”，符合“易染病”的逻辑。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：张博士说，利用番茄的基因物质培育土豆可能是一个有前景的前进方向。根据前文“improving on them has posed challenges”可知，此处提出的新方法是有希望的，promising意为“有前景的”，符合对改良方案的积极评价。故选I。 【9题详解】 考查副词。句意：在过去几年里，研究人员能够以比以往更大的规模分析基因组，并推断出以前神秘的进化联系。根据“mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，这些联系此前未被发现，previously意为“以前”，符合“过去神秘、现在被推断”的语境。故选H。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些研究使我们对过去可能发生的事情的理解更加多样化。根据前文“infer previously mysterious evolutionary connections”可知，新发现丰富了人们的认知，diversified意为“使多样化”，符合“认知范围扩大”的结果。故选C。 Passage 2 A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 1 . “The 2 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 3 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 4 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 5 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 6 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 7 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 8 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 9 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 10 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．J 5．I 6．G 7．B 8．F 9．C 10．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 1．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 2．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 3．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 5．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 6．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 7．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 9．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 10．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 Passage 3 coordinate  glaring  materialize  proportions  utilize  abuse  susceptible  collective  contend  novel  speculate Nine out of every ten humans are right-handed, an imbalance that researchers for decades have attempted to explain, without definitive success. One of the ideas considered is the fighting hypothesis, which suggests that left-handedness provides an advantage in combat, albeit with an overall hit to physical health that keeps lefties rare in the population. Indeed, males — who historically have competed most strongly for resources and mates — are left-handed at slightly higher rates than females. Moreover, studies suggest that lefties tend to outperform right-handed people in fighting sports as well as in sports that require hand-eye 1 like tennis, baseball, and volleyball. This is likely because players are unaccustomed to competing against lefties as they are rarer. However, a big problem with the fighting hypothesis is that its predicted health disadvantage hasn’t 2 in large studies. On the whole, left-handed people don’t seem to suffer from more health problems than right-handed people, nor do they live shorter lives.Left vs. Right Noticing this 3 issue, a trio of scientists based out of Lund University in Sweden and Chester University in the United Kingdom proposed an update to the fighting hypothesis that comports better with current data. In an article published in the journal Symmetry, Matz Larsson, Astrid Schepman, and Paul Rodway 4 that right-handed humans actually had a greater fighting advantage over much of our species’ history, which is why they’ve become far more numerous. “When left-handers became rarer, they gained a surprise advantage and the 5 of left- and right-handers in a population stabilized,” they further explained. So why do right-handed humans have a fighting advantage? According to the researchers, it has to do with the position of the heart and the notion that humans did most of their fighting with handheld, pointy weapons like wooden spears for much of our species’ existence. About three-quarters of the heart is situated in the left hemithorax, making the left side of the chest a(n) 6 target for a mortal blow. The researchers note that when humans battle with stabbing weapons, the hand 7 to hold the weapon determines which area of the chest is exposed to an opponent. A left-handed grip will rotate the left side of the chest, and thus most of the heart, toward an enemy, while a right-handed grip will rotate it away. Moreover, a free left arm could be used to deflect spear strikes in combat. 8 , this means that right-handed humans might be more protected from a deadly strike. Based on this 9 version of the fighting hypothesis, a key prediction can be made. Since there is no health disadvantage from being left-handed and fighting with pointy weapons is no longer an evolutionary pressure, we should see the proportion of left-handed people stay the same in modern societies or broadly rise. Some studies suggest that left-handedness has increased in the 20th century, but it is uncertain if this is due to genetic or cultural reasons. It should be noted that this new explanation for the preponderance of right-handed people is still very much a hypothesis, based on 10 from physiological facts and behavioral anecdotes, with further support from large, albeit observational, data sets. The modified fighting hypothesis is cogent, but as yet unproven. 【答案】1．coordination 2．materialized 3．glaring 4．contend 5．proportions 6．susceptible 7．utilized 8．Collectively 9．novel 10．speculation 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了针对人群中左右撇子比例不平衡的问题，之前被考虑的观点是战斗假说，但该假说预测的健康劣势并未得到证实。目前科学家们更新了战斗假说，解决了预测不到健康劣势的问题，修正后的这一假说有一定说服力，但有待进一步验证。 1．考查名词。句意：此外，研究表明，左撇子在格斗运动以及网球、棒球和排球等需要手眼协调的运动中往往比右撇子表现得更好。分析句子可知，空处被hand-eye修饰，作require的宾语，动词coordinate的名词形式coordination“协调”符合题意，是不可数名词，和hand-eye搭配表示“手眼协调”，句中表示“需要手眼协调的运动”。故填coordination。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，战斗假说的一个大问题是，它预测的健康劣势尚未在大型研究中得到证实。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的表语从句的谓语，动词materialize“实现，成为现实”符合题意，通常用语否定句中，表示“未能实现，未成为现实”，句中表示“预测的健康劣势尚未得到证实”，且结合空前的hasn’t和句意可知，此处用现在完成时，materialize应用过去分词形式materialized。故填materialized。 3．考查形容词。句意：注意到这个明显的问题，来自瑞典隆德大学和英国切斯特大学的三位科学家提出了一个更新的战斗假说，以更好地符合当前的数据。分析句子可知，空处作修饰issue的定语，形容词glaring“显眼的，明显的”符合题意，和glaring搭配表示“明显的问题”。故填glaring。 4．考查动词。句意：在Symmetry期刊上发表的一篇文章中，Matz Larsson、Astrid Schepman和Paul Rodway认为，在人类历史的大部分时间里，惯用右手的人实际上拥有更大的战斗优势，这就是为什么他们的数量越来越多。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，动词contend“认为，主张”符合题意，表示这三位科学家提出了一个新的主张，且结合句意可知，主句描述的是一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，且主语是复数，contend应用原形。故填contend。 5．考查名词。句意：他们进一步解释说：“当左撇子变得越来越少时，他们获得了一个惊人的优势，左撇子和右撇子在人口中的比例稳定下来。”分析句子可知，空处被the限定，作句子的主语，名词proportions“比例，占比”符合题意，句中表示“左撇子和右撇子的比例”，且结合句意可知，此处指历史各个发展阶段的比例，proportions应保持复数形式。故填proportions。 6．考查形容词。句意：大约四分之三的心脏位于左半胸，这使得左胸易于成为致命一击的目标。分析句子可知，空处作修饰target的定语，形容词susceptible“易受影响的，易受伤害的”符合题意，和target搭配表示“易受……的目标”，句中表示“易于成为致命一击的目标”。故填susceptible。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员指出，当人类用刺状武器战斗时，用来握着武器的手决定了胸部的哪个区域暴露给对手。分析句子可知，空处是修饰the hand的后置定语，是非谓语动词，动词utilize“使用，利用”的过去分词形式utilized符合题意，和the hand逻辑上是被动关系，句中表示“用来握着武器的手”。故填utilized。 8．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这意味着右撇子可能更容易受到致命打击的保护。分析句子可知，空处是修饰整个句子的状语，形容词collective的副词形式collectively“总的来说”符合题意，表示基于上文的分析得出下文的总结，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Collectively。 9．考查形容词。句意：基于这种新颖的战斗假说，我们可以做出一个关键的预测。分析句子可知，空处是修饰version的定语，形容词novel“新颖的”符合题意，句中表示“这种新颖的战斗假说”。故填novel。 10．考查名词。句意：值得注意的是，这种对右撇子占优势的新解释在很大程度上仍然是一种假设，它基于对生理事实和行为轶事的推测，并得到了大量（尽管是观察性的）数据集的进一步支持。分析句子可知，空处作based on的宾语，动词speculate的名词形式speculation“推断，推测”符合题意，是抽象名词，句中表示“对生理事实和行为轶事的推测”。故填speculation。 话题5 运动健康 Passage 1 A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____1____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____2____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____3____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____4____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____5____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____6____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____7____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____8____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____9____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____10____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” 【答案】1. C 2. J 3. H 4. B 5. K 6. D 7. A 8. G 9. F 10. I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运动与健康之间的关系。 【1题详解】 考查动名词。句意：不变的是，保持活跃好动对健康有着多方面的益处——包括降低心脏病发作的风险，以及提升心理健康水平。空处应用动名词，与lowering并列作宾语；选项C. boosting表示“提升、推动”，为动名词形式，符合句子和句意。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动名词。句意：保持活动并不总是那么困难。动词短语keep doing表示“保持做某事”，故空处用动名词形式；根据上句“Loss of activity in our lives(在我们的生活中失去活动)”可知，空处表示保持“活动”，选项J. moving为动名词形式，表示“移动、活动”，符合句意。故选J。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着汽车数量的增多以及电器的普及减少了人们需要从事的体力劳动，“我们逐渐进入了一个身体活动量减少的阶段”，西弗吉尼亚大学莫兰顿分校的贝瑟尼·巴罗内·吉布斯教授如是说。空处应用形容词，修饰名词labor，作定语；选项H. manual为形容词，表示“体力的、手动的”，manual labor意为“体力劳动”，符合句意。故选H。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后便显而易见的是，或许那些更活跃的人会更健康。空处应用形容词，作表语；选项B. apparent为形容词，表示“显而易见的”，符合句意。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：研究表明，即使是中等强度的运动也能产生效果，这促使 1995 年美国卫生局局长发布了一份报告，呼吁人们每天进行 30 至 45 分钟的中等强度运动，并且对于那些已经进行此类运动的人，要更加努力地坚持下去。空处应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰名词report，并与其之间为主动关系；选项K. urging为现在分词，表示“力劝、敦促”，符合句意。故选K。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：2007 年，美国运动医学学院、美国医学协会以及美国卫生部长共同发起了一项活动，呼吁人们每周进行 150 分钟的中等强度运动。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项D. campaign为名词，表示“活动、运动”，符合句意。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：目前联邦指南反映了更多证据，表明人们的目标是每周进行最多 300 分钟的中等强度运动，或 75 至 150 分钟的高强度运动。空处应用动词，作suggesting后宾语从句的谓语；选项A. aim为动词，表示“旨在、瞄准”，aim for表示“以……为目标”，符合句意。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：该指南现在不鼓励长时间坐着的行为，发现每小时至少运动一次，哪怕是五分钟也有好处。空处应用动词，作谓语；选项G. discourage为动词，表示“劝阻、不鼓励”，符合句意。故选G。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：有一种错误的观念认为，要想从运动中获得健康益处，就必须是专业的运动员。空处应用名词，作主语；选项F. misperception为名词，表示“误解、错误的想法”，符合句意。故选F。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：一旦你开始离开沙发，当你从不活动变为稍微活跃时，风险就会大大降低。空处应用名词，作主语；选项I. decrease可作名词，表示“减少、减低”，符合句意。故选I。 Passage 2 A．avoided   B．processed   C． suited   D．equal   E. steer   F. interfere G. understandably   H. concentration   I. thirst   J. cabin   K. unsettle Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are 1 less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport. As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created 2 . Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink. “It’s important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying,” Beckerman said. So, which foods are best 3 on a day when you’re traveling by plane? “It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the 4 ,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a meal high in sodium (钠) the day before or morning of your flight.” Beckerman also advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt to avoid dehydration-related headaches. Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen 5 in blood. Therefore you are more likely to get drunk faster and urinate frequently. A cup of coffee can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment and coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom. Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also 6 with your ability to doze during your travels. If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to 7 clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly 8 snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could 9 your digestive system. A balanced meal that satisfies your 10 with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and is low in added sugars and sodium is ideal. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．A 4．J 5．H 6．F 7．E 8．B 9．K 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在疫情时代，由于乘客对在飞机上及机场里摘下口罩进食的担忧，登机前在家吃饭变得越来越普遍，针对此现象，文章从营养师的角度给出了相应的饮食建议。 1．考查副词。句意：但在COVID-19时代，可以理解的是，许多乘客不太愿意摘下口罩在飞行途中吃点东西，甚至不愿意在机场吃点零食。空处作修饰less inclined的成分，结合“in the age of COVID-19”和“less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite”可推知，G项understandably“可理解地”符合题意，作状语，表示疫情期间这样的行为是可以理解的。故选G。 2．考查形容词。句意：不过，并不是所有的飞行前饮食都是一样的。空处作补足语，结合“are created”可推知，D项equal“相同的”符合题意，表示并非所有这些饮食都是一样的。故选D。 3．考查动词。句意：那么，当你坐飞机旅行时，哪些食物是最好避免的呢？空处和are构成句子的谓语，结合下文所给的避免特定食物或饮料的具体建议可知，A项avoided“避免”符合题意，构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示最好避免一些食物。故选A。 4．考查名词。句意：贝克曼说：“由于机舱缺乏湿度且空气干燥，飞行时脱水是非常常见的。”空处作in的宾语，结合“when flying”可推知，J项cabin“机舱”符合题意，表示机舱中空气干燥。故选J。 5．考查名词。句意：饮酒容易导致脱水，对身体的影响与在地面上喝酒不同，因为机舱内的气压低，血液中的氧浓度也低。空处作due to的宾语，结合“the low oxygen”和“in blood”可推知，H项concentration“浓度，含量”符合题意，表示血液中的氧浓度也低。故选H。 6．考查动词。句意：频繁上厕所也会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。空处和can构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“with your ability to doze during your travels”可推知，F项interfere“干涉，干扰”符合题意，构成固定短语interfere with，意为“干扰，妨碍”，表示会干扰你在旅行中打瞌睡的能力。故选F。 7．考查动词。句意：如果你的胃很敏感，你可能要避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。空处作want to的宾语，应用动词原形，结合“clear of foods”可推知，E项steer“引导，指导”符合题意，构成固定短语steer clear of，意为“避开”，表示避开那些会扰乱你消化的食物。故选E。 8．考查形容词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处作修饰snacks的定语，且被highly修饰，结合“like candy and fast food”可推知，B项processed“经过加工的”符合题意，表示高度加工的零食。故选B。 9．考查动词。句意：这包括高度加工的零食，如糖果和快餐，它们通常含有会扰乱你消化系统的成分。空处和could构成句子的谓语，应用动词原形，结合“like candy and fast food”和“your digestive system”可推知，K项unsettle“扰乱”符合题意，表示扰乱你消化系统。故选K。 10．考查名词。句意：理想的膳食应该是平衡的，可以通过饮水和补水水果来解渴，其中含有适量的复杂碳水化合物和瘦肉蛋白，并且低添加糖和钠。空处作satisfies的宾语，结合“with water and hydrating fruits”可推知，I项thirst“口渴”符合题意，表示通过饮水和补水水果来解渴。故选I。 Passage 3 A．day-trippers        B．enthusiasts          C． exploring         D．first-tier        E. guided F. inclusive      G. interacting    H. potential   I. rhyme       J. tailored    K. trending Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. Citywalk can be a(n) 1 trip tailor-made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency, or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more 2 experience of the places you visit. That is to say, you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities. Hashtags (话题标签) and keywords for Citywalk are currently 3 across multiple Chinese social media platforms, as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online. In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from 4 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture 5 to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur (创业者) based in Changsha 6 new possibilities in the tourism sector. Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in “open-air museums”, an approach for young people to 7 with a city. Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day. Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours. Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help 8 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot. Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, industry insiders say that its 9 is huge. Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online, sharing their experiences to attract potential customers. Citywalk is offerıng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more 10 , professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．K 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．G 8．A 9．H 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。 1．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。Citywalk可以是由旅行社为少数人定制的旅行，这种旅行通常是有导游的，所以应该选择guided这个词，表示“有导游的”，作前置定语，修饰名词trip。故选E。 2．考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。结合上文提到的避免著名景点和人群，目的是为了获得更范围广泛的游览体验。用形容词inclusive“包容广阔的，范围广泛的”，作前置定语，修饰名词experience。故选F。 3．考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人希望在网上分享他们的经历和想法，Citywalk的标签和关键词目前在多个中国社交媒体平台上流行起来。这里描述的是城市漫步在社交媒体上的流行趋势，因此用动词trend“倾向，趋势”的ing形式，与空前的are构成现在进行时。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：在中国，城市漫步的趋势正从北京和上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多参与者和活动组织者参与进来。这里指的是像北京、上海这样的大城市，因此用first-tier“一线的，顶尖的”，作前置定语，修饰名词cities。故选D。 5．考查名词。句意：一些组织者邀请民俗文化爱好者充当导游。这里需要一个名词来指代对民俗文化有热情的人，因此用enthusiast“爱好者”的复数形式enthusiasts，作invite的宾语。故选B。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：肖伊伊是长沙的一位年轻企业家，正在旅游业中探索新的可能性。根据后文的new possibilities可知，这里描述的是肖伊伊正在做的动作，即探索新机会，且is为本句系动词，本空用非谓语动词，因此用explore“探索”的现在分词，作状语。故选C。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的Citywalk路线，旨在为游客提供在“露天博物馆”中行走的体验，这是年轻人与城市互动的一种方式。an approach to doing sth.“做某事的方法”，to为介词。这里指的是年轻人通过这种方式与城市互动，且空前的to为介词，用interact“互动”的动名词interacting。故选G。 8．考查名词。句意：上海已经利用公交线路设立了城市漫步路线，帮助一日游游客通过公共交通工具到达更偏远的地区，然后继续步行。这里需要一个名词指代参与城市漫步活动的人，因此用day-tripper“一日游游客”的复数形式，作help的宾语。故选A。 9．考查名词。句意：尽管城市漫步是一个相对较新的现象，但业内内部人士表示，其潜力巨大。这里讨论的是城市漫步未来的发展空间，其潜力巨大，因此用名词potential“潜力”，作that引导的宾语从句的主语。故选H。 10．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，Citywalk也为导游提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更专门的、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。结合上下文，这里描述的是导游服务的特点，与“专业服务”并列，并符合上下文对个性化体验的强调，用形容词tailored“专门的，订做的”，作前置定语，修饰名词service。故选J。 话题6 生活服务 Passage 1 A．focused     B．labels     C． contributes     D．accident    E. duly    F. present G. rarely    H. tricks    I. available    J. equipped    K. attempt     This Is Why Most Grocery Stores Lack Windows When you’re grocery shopping, have you noticed that supermarkets often lack windows, and if they have them, they’re only at the front of the store? You may 1 pay attention to the architectural features of the building because you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout. But that’s the point. If grocery stores had windows, would it be easier to ignore your main shopping task? There are all sorts of supermarket 2 grocery stores have to keep you shopping longer. It’s no 3 that grocery stores often lack windows and there are a few reasons behind this trend. One of them is a (n) 4 to keep people inside longer. Stores want to create a separate environment within their store where the outside world doesn’t exist. In spite of the rain or sunshine, your attention remains 5 . The technique also prevents shoppers from noticing it’s getting dark out. It really 6 to an immersive (沉浸式的) shopping experience, for better or worse. Keeping daylight out of stores can help preserve the products, as some fresh produce can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging 7 to fade. Having windows in stores would also reduce the space 8 to display products. Not to mention, 9 with strong structural supports, outside walls can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls. Due to the high cost of constructing windows and storefronts, along with the potential security risks they probably 10 , retailers (零售商) choose to minimize the number of entry points into their space in order to cut expenses and improve safety. 【答案】1．G 2．H 3．D 4．K 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．I 9．J 10．F 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。主要通过阐述和解释为什么大多数超市缺乏窗户的现象，探讨了超市设计背后的意图、对顾客行为的影响、以及实际操作中的考虑因素，如商品保护、空间利用、建设和安全成本等。 1．考查副词。句意：你可能很少注意建筑的特征，因为你是去购买食物，而不是欣赏布局。根据上下文理解，此处表达的是购物时人们通常不太会关注超市的建筑设计，因此用副词rarely“很少”，作状语，修饰动词短语pay attention to。故选G。 2．考查名词。句意：超市里有各种各样的小窍门可以让你购物的时间更长。这里指超市为了吸引顾客长时间购物而采取的各种策略或手段，因此选用trick“技巧，把戏”的复数形式tricks，all sorts of supermarket tricks作主语。故选H。 3．考查名词。句意：超市往往没有窗户并非偶然，这背后有几个原因。此处表达的是这是一种有意为之的设计，并非偶然情况，所以选择accident“偶然的事，意外遭遇”，作表语。故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：其中之一就是试图让人们在里面待得更久。此处需要一个名词来表达“尝试”或“努力”的意思，结合空前的an可知，用单数形式，因此选用attempt“尝试，试图，努力”，作表语。故选K。 5．考查形容词。句意：不管外面下雨或晴天，你的注意力依然集中。这里描述的是超市设计意图使顾客保持专注于购物，所以选用focused“注意力集中的”，作表语。故选A。 6．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：这一技术确实有助于营造一种沉浸式的购物体验，无论好坏。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，此处需要动词来表达“有助于”之意，且主语It为第三人称单数，因此选择contribute的第三人称单数contributes，作谓语，contribute to“有助于”为固定搭配。故选C。 7．考查名词。句意：过多的阳光照射甚至会导致包装标签褪色。这里提到的是阳光直射对商品包装的影响，特别是包装上的“标签”，且“标签”不止一个，因此选用label“标签”的复数形式labels，packaging label“包装标签”。故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：在商店里开窗也会减少可用于展示产品的空间。这里是指在商店里开窗会导致可用于展示商品的空间会减少，选用available“可利用的”，作后置定语。故选I。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：更不用说，配备了坚固的结构支撑，外墙可以容纳那些墙壁上架子上较重的物品。这里用来描述外墙配备以强大支撑结构的特点，equip“配备，装备”，本句谓语为can hold，此处为非谓语动词，与outside walls为被动关系，用过去分词，作状语，因此选用equipped。故选J。 10．考查动词时态、主谓一致。句意：由于建造橱窗和店面的高成本，以及它们可能存在的潜在安全风险，零售商选择尽量减少进入其空间的入口数量，以削减开支并提高安全性。本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，“they probably ____”为定语从句，修饰先行词the potential security risks，空格部分为从句的谓语，表达“呈现、造成、存在”，主语为they，谓语用动词原形，选用present。故选F。 Passage 2 A．finances  B．continued  C． decline   D．addressing  E. pressured  AB．unneedy AC． giving  AD．charges  AE. tempered  BC． skipping  BD．cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be 1 by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 2 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 3 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 4 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 5 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 6 is important to you. Then find charities that are 7 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 8 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 9 against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ 10 , governance and effectiveness. 【答案】1．AE 2．AB 3．E 4．C 5．BC 6．BD 7．D 8．AC 9．AD 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在捐赠前检查慈善机构。 1．考查动词。句意：但你慷慨大方的本能总是应该被适量的怀疑所缓和。根据句意可知，此处表示“使缓和”，应用动词temper，与主语your instinct是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，与空前should be构成被动语态。故选AE。 2．考查形容词。句意：那么，你怎样才能确保你捐出的钱不会落入那些不需要的人的口袋呢？根据句意可知，此处表示“不需要的”，应用形容词unneedy，与the联用，表示一类人。故选AB。 3．考查形容词。句意：如果你接到一个要钱的团体打来的电话，你可能会感到有压力，不得不当场捐款。根据句意可知，此处表示“感到有压力的”，应用形容词pressured，作表语。故选E。 4．考查动词。句意：但联邦贸易委员会警告说，你不应该急于答应，但拒绝任何通过电话提供的请求。根据句意可知，此处表示“拒绝”，应用decline，与say并列，应用动词原形。故选C。 5．考查动词。句意：你最好跳过中间商，直接联系慈善机构进行捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“跳过”，应用动词skip，固定搭配be better off doing sth.“做某事较好”。故选BC。 6．考查名词。句意：为了避免给一个接触你的组织带来压力，弄清楚什么对你来说是重要的。然后找到资助它的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“原因”，应用名词cause。故选BD。 7．考查动词。句意：然后找到解决这个问题的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“解决”，应用动词address，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，与are构成现在进行时。故选D。 8．考查名词。句意：有一个捐赠计划会让你更容易避免冲动捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“捐赠”，应用名词giving，修饰名词plan，作定语。故选AC。 9．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会对四家癌症慈善机构的指控表明，仅仅因为一个组织声称做好事并不意味着它真的在做好事。根据句意可知，此处表示“指控”，应用名词charge，由空后against the four cancer charities可知，指控大于一，应用名词复数形式。故选AD。 10．考查名词。句意：你可以从慈善导航员和慈善观察等网站上的第三方评估和评级开始，这些网站会检查慈善机构的财务、管理和效率。根据句意可知，此处表示“财务”，应用名词finance，表示财务情况时，常用复数形式。故选A。 Passage 3 A．maximum    B．source   C． keeping   D．complex     E. sound   F. excessive G. simplest   H. appeal   I. highlight   J. streamlining   K. core MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood, calling for a return to simplicity in daily life. Our aim was — and still is — to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy, modern, urban lifestyle. These things must be made from good, 1 materials, with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price. Our clothes must feel good on, our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use. This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can’t use—i. e. added extras and fancy packaging. So, at MUJI you’ll find no 2 prices, just simple, sound products you can afford, so simple in fact, they don’t even carry a brand name. This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded, expensively designed, over packaged goods. At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different. Moreover, our products are made from materials which we 3 on a global scale, not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material, wherever it comes from. Using these superior materials, we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent 4 , both of the material they’re made from and the products themselves. Finally, we present our products in the   5 of packaging — if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are. As a result, the quality and credence of each product are self-evident. As life gets more 6 , the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary. To find these, look no further than MUJI. The Company’s basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues. Through the careful selection of materials, 7 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging, we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market, at lower than usual prices. For the materials, the 8 selection criteria is always quality. These activities underpin our ability to create low-priced, high-quality products. When packaging products, MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to 9 their natural colors and shapes. For this reason, we use bulk packaging and place products in plain, uniform containers. Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity, this approach is also in 10 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste. Thus, all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product-related information and a price tag. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．B 4．H 5．G 6．D 7．J 8．K 9．I 10．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了无印良品的历史，产品特色和产品生产中所注重的事情。 1．考查形容词。句意：这些东西必须由优质、可靠的材料制成，没有不必要的装饰或花哨，必须以合理的价格出售。空后为名词materials，此处应为形容词和空前的good共同作定语修饰该名词，sound“可靠的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。 2．考查形容词。句意：所以，在无印良品，你不会发现过高的价格，只有你能负担得起的简单、可靠的产品，简单到事实上，它们甚至没有品牌名称。空后为名词  prices，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词，excessive“过高的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。 3．考查动词。句意：此外，我们的产品是由我们在全球范围内采购的材料制成的，这并不是因为我们认为异国的材料听起来比我们家门口的材料更令人兴奋，而是因为我们致力于使用最好的材料，无论它来自哪里。空前为主语we，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，source“采购”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查名词。句意：使用这些优质的材料，我们设计我们的产品，使它们的简单带出其内在的吸引力，无论是由它们制成的材料和产品本身。空前为形容词inherent，此处应为名词形式作句子的宾语成分，appeal“吸引力”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 5．考查形容词。句意：最后，我们用最简单的包装来展示我们的产品——如果有的话——既不掩饰也不使它们看起来更真实。空前为定冠词the，此处应为形容词最高级形式，simplest“最简单的”为形容词最高级，符合句意。故选G项。 6．考查形容词。句意：随着生活变得越来越复杂，对简单生活方式的需求变得更加必要。空前为gets more，此处应为形容词作表语成分，complex“复杂的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 7．考查动名词。句意：通过精心挑选材料，精简生产流程，简化包装，我们不断向市场推出高品质的无印良品品牌产品，价格低于通常的价格。此处为动名词形式，作介词Through的宾语成分，和and连接的simplifying构成并列结构，streamlining“简化”为动名词，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查形容词。句意：对于材料，最核心的选择标准始终是质量。空后selection criteria为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，core“核心的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 9．考查动词。句意：在包装产品时，无印良品寻求的不是装饰，而是突出其自然的颜色和形状。空前为不定式to，此处为动词原形，构成短语not to do sth but rather to do sth“不是做某事，而是做某事”，highlight“突出”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 10．考查动名词。句意：这种做法既符合我们的简约理念，也符合我们节约资源和减少浪费的政策。空前为介词in，此处为动名词形式，和and连接的reducing保持并列结构，keeping“保持”为动名词，符合句意。故选C项。 $