专题02 语法归纳：状态动词和动作动词（期中复习讲义）高二英语下学期北师大版

专题02 语法归纳：状态动词和动作动词（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 状态动词 vs 动作动词 1. 能区分状态动词与动作动词。 基础必考点。常出现在语法填空和时态判断题中，考查进行时的正确使用。 2. 掌握状态动词一般不用于进行时。 3. 掌握兼类动词（如have, hold）在动作/状态下的不同意义。 知识梳理·方法技巧 一、核心概念 动词类型 定义 能否用于进行时 示例 状态动词 描述状态、情感、所属、感官 一般不 have, belong, like, know, seem 动作动词 描述具体行为、变化、过程 可以 run, write, arrive, knock 判断公式： 描述“是什么/有什么/感觉如何” → 状态动词； 描述“做什么/发生什么” → 动作动词。 2、 状态动词的四类划分 类别 常用动词 例句 be / have类 be, have (有) I am a teacher. She has a car. 所属关系类 belong to, contain, own, possess, include The house belongs to him. 感官动词类 feel, taste, smell, hear, sound, see The food tastes delicious. 心理情感类 believe, know, like, love, hate, prefer, think, understand, wish, regret, mean I believe you. She likes music. 三、动作动词的三类划分 类别 定义 常用动词 时态特点 持续动作动词 动作可持续 eat, read, run, work, write 进行时表“正在做” 短暂动作动词 动作瞬间完成 knock, nod, tap, jump, hit 进行时表“反复做” 改变/移动动词 位置或状态变化 arrive, come, leave, turn, start 进行时表“即将……” 四、同一动词的“动作/状态”双身份 动词 状态用法 动作用法 have He has a car. (拥有) He is having breakfast. (吃) hold The hall holds 500 people. (容纳) They are holding a meeting. (举行) lie The city lies on the coast. (位于) He is lying on the bed. (躺着) be He is a student. He is being friendly. (一时表现) 五、易错点：状态动词用于进行时的特殊情况 1. 短暂动作的重复：He is nodding his head. (频频点头) 2. 将来意义：The train is arriving. (即将到达) 3. 一时表现：I am being serious. (我可不是在开玩笑) 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2025·天津市·高二期中） I can't see the screen. His head ______ too much of the light. A. is blocking  B. blocks  C. will block  D. blocked 即时检测 1.（2025·北京市·高二期末） This medicine ______ bitter. You'd better add some sugar. A. tastes  B. is tasting  C. tasted  D. has tasted 2. （2025·广东省·期中） Listen! Someone ______ at the door. Go and see who it is. A. is knocking  B. knocks  C. has knocked  D. knocked 典例02 （2023·全国乙卷·语法填空改编） It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 解｜题｜技｜巧 判断状态动词：如果动词描述客观事实、心理感受、感官知觉或所属关系，则一般不用于进行时。 判断动作动词：如果动词描述具体可发生、正在进行或即将发生的动作，则可用进行时。 即时检测 1.（2025·湖南省·高三模拟） The food ______ good and is good for your health. A. is tasted  B. tastes  C. is tasting  D. tasted 2.（2025·江苏省·高二联考） The train ______ at 8:30 a.m. tomorrow. We'd better set off now. A. leaves  B. is leaving  C. has left  D. left 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．The house _________(build) 100 years ago still stood there after the earthquake. 2．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, _________(make) his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, ________(see) from Western eyes. 3．The data ___________(collect) by Monitor can be imported into the Modeler to improve the simulation results. 4．When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum _________(call) the McNay. 5．It is a small matter；don't get so hot and ___________(bother). 6．The computer center，__________(open) last year，is very popular among the students in this school. 7．__________(put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry. 8．While ___________(wait) at the dentist's home, I read a short story. 9．All the afternoon he worked with the door __________(lock). 10．It was ______________(surprise) that no one had warned them of the danger before they started this task. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 句型转换 1．The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other. →The people _______________________ are talking with each other. 2．As he was absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. →_____________________, John didn't notice evening approaching. 3．The witness who was questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. →The witness __________________________ gave very different descriptions of the fight. 4．Over the past ten months，I have been working deep into the night.Therefore，I believe I can succeed and enter an ideal college. →_______________________ deep into the night for ten months, I believe I can succeed and enter an ideal college. 5．The sun shines brightly in the sky，and gives us light and heat. →The sun shines brightly in the sky, _____________________________． 语法与写作 1．他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 He stood there silently, ________________________． 2．全班同学都盯着他，他感到更不自然了。 He felt more uneasy ___________________________________． 3．刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ___________________________________________ by a car just now. 4．说实话，他告诉我们的事情确实听起来令人信服。 To be honest, what he told us does ____________________________． 5．他每天都很晚到学校，这让他的老师很生气。 He arrives at school very late every day, _______________________________． 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in？It's home 1.________________so many people and animals.We all live in this amazing place, so we all have a 2. _____________ (responsible) to take care of it, too. A long time ago，I started thinking about 3. _____________ I could do to help take care of the planet.I wondered how I could use my talents for good.I love creating websites，making art and designing clothes.That was what inspired me, at the age of 8, 4. ___________ (start) an online company.I donate part of my profits to organizations 5. _____________ (do) their best to save our environment. After I 6. _____________ (launch) my business，I started getting invited to give 7. _____________ (presentation) to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that is meaningful. One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like 8. ___________ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won't make a difference.But that's not true! 9. _____________ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment，every small action counts. The 10. _____________ (tiny) action is better than the greatest intention. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法归纳：状态动词和动作动词（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 状态动词 vs 动作动词 1. 能区分状态动词与动作动词。 基础必考点。常出现在语法填空和时态判断题中，考查进行时的正确使用。 2. 掌握状态动词一般不用于进行时。 3. 掌握兼类动词（如have, hold）在动作/状态下的不同意义。 知识梳理·方法技巧 一、核心概念 动词类型 定义 能否用于进行时 示例 状态动词 描述状态、情感、所属、感官 一般不 have, belong, like, know, seem 动作动词 描述具体行为、变化、过程 可以 run, write, arrive, knock 判断公式： 描述“是什么/有什么/感觉如何” → 状态动词； 描述“做什么/发生什么” → 动作动词。 2、 状态动词的四类划分 类别 常用动词 例句 be / have类 be, have (有) I am a teacher. She has a car. 所属关系类 belong to, contain, own, possess, include The house belongs to him. 感官动词类 feel, taste, smell, hear, sound, see The food tastes delicious. 心理情感类 believe, know, like, love, hate, prefer, think, understand, wish, regret, mean I believe you. She likes music. 三、动作动词的三类划分 类别 定义 常用动词 时态特点 持续动作动词 动作可持续 eat, read, run, work, write 进行时表“正在做” 短暂动作动词 动作瞬间完成 knock, nod, tap, jump, hit 进行时表“反复做” 改变/移动动词 位置或状态变化 arrive, come, leave, turn, start 进行时表“即将……” 四、同一动词的“动作/状态”双身份 动词 状态用法 动作用法 have He has a car. (拥有) He is having breakfast. (吃) hold The hall holds 500 people. (容纳) They are holding a meeting. (举行) lie The city lies on the coast. (位于) He is lying on the bed. (躺着) be He is a student. He is being friendly. (一时表现) 五、易错点：状态动词用于进行时的特殊情况 1. 短暂动作的重复：He is nodding his head. (频频点头) 2. 将来意义：The train is arriving. (即将到达) 3. 一时表现：I am being serious. (我可不是在开玩笑) 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2025·天津市·高二期中） I can't see the screen. His head ______ too much of the light. A. is blocking  B. blocks  C. will block  D. blocked 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查动作动词的进行时。“block”是持续性动作动词，描述“正在挡住”，用现在进行时。 即时检测 1.（2025·北京市·高二期末） This medicine ______ bitter. You'd better add some sugar. A. tastes  B. is tasting  C. tasted  D. has tasted 2. （2025·广东省·期中） Listen! Someone ______ at the door. Go and see who it is. A. is knocking  B. knocks  C. has knocked  D. knocked 【答案】 1. A 2. A 【解析】 1. taste是感官动词（状态），不用于进行时。2. knock是短暂动作动词，进行时表“反复敲”。 典例02 （2023·全国乙卷·语法填空改编） It is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】 built 【解析】 考查过去分词作定语。“build”与“system”为被动关系，表示“被建造的”。 解｜题｜技｜巧 判断状态动词：如果动词描述客观事实、心理感受、感官知觉或所属关系，则一般不用于进行时。 判断动作动词：如果动词描述具体可发生、正在进行或即将发生的动作，则可用进行时。 即时检测 1.（2025·湖南省·高三模拟） The food ______ good and is good for your health. A. is tasted  B. tastes  C. is tasting  D. tasted 2.（2025·江苏省·高二联考） The train ______ at 8:30 a.m. tomorrow. We'd better set off now. A. leaves  B. is leaving  C. has left  D. left 【答案】 1. B 2. A 【解析】 1. tastes为感官系动词（状态）。2. 火车时刻表用一般现在时表将来。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 单句语法填空 1．The house built(build) 100 years ago still stood there after the earthquake. 2．Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making(make) his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen(see) from Western eyes. 3．The data collected(collect) by Monitor can be imported into the Modeler to improve the simulation results. 4．When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called(call) the McNay. 5．It is a small matter；don't get so hot and bothered(bother). 6．The computer center，opened(open) last year，is very popular among the students in this school. 7．Putting(put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry. 8．While waiting(wait) at the dentist's home, I read a short story. 9．All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock). 10．It was surprising(surprise) that no one had warned them of the danger before they started this task. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 句型转换 1．The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other. →The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 2．As he was absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. →Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 3．The witness who was questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. →The witness questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 4．Over the past ten months，I have been working deep into the night.Therefore，I believe I can succeed and enter an ideal college. →Having been working deep into the night for ten months, I believe I can succeed and enter an ideal college. 5．The sun shines brightly in the sky，and gives us light and heat. →The sun shines brightly in the sky, giving us light and heat． 语法与写作 1．他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 He stood there silently, moved to tears． 2．全班同学都盯着他，他感到更不自然了。 He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him． 3．刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 4．说实话，他告诉我们的事情确实听起来令人信服。 To be honest, what he told us does sound convincing． 5．他每天都很晚到学校，这让他的老师很生气。 He arrives at school very late every day, making his teacher very angry． 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 语法填空 Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in？It's home 1.________________so many people and animals.We all live in this amazing place, so we all have a 2. _____________ (responsible) to take care of it, too. A long time ago，I started thinking about 3. _____________ I could do to help take care of the planet.I wondered how I could use my talents for good.I love creating websites，making art and designing clothes.That was what inspired me, at the age of 8, 4. ___________ (start) an online company.I donate part of my profits to organizations 5. _____________ (do) their best to save our environment. After I 6. _____________ (launch) my business，I started getting invited to give 7. _____________ (presentation) to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that is meaningful. One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like 8. ___________ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won't make a difference.But that's not true! 9. _____________ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment，every small action counts. The 10. _____________ (tiny) action is better than the greatest intention. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章表明地球是人类和动物的家园，我们每个人都有责任去保护地球。有些人认为个人的一点小贡献改变不了大环境，而作者认为保护环境不能忽视任何一个小的行动。 1．to　解析：考查介词。be home to sb./sth.为固定搭配，意为“是……的家园或家乡”。 2．responsibility　解析：考查名词。根据语境尤其是空前的a可知，此处应用名词responsibility，意为“责任”。 3．what　解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示“我开始思考我能做什么来帮助爱护地球”。空处应用what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 4．to start　解析：考查非谓语动词。inspire sb.to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，为固定用法。 5．doing　解析：考查非谓语动词。organizations与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。 6．launched　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 7．presentations　解析：考查名词复数。空处作宾语，且空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数。 8．a　解析：考查冠词。contribution意为“贡献”时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指；且small的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 9．Actually　解析：考查副词。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词。 10．tiniest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据句意及空后的greatest可知，此处强调保护环境可以从“最小的”事情做起的重要性，应用tiny的最高级形式。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $