专题01 语法（it作形式主语和宾语）&写作（演讲稿—人物介绍、保护环境）（期中复习讲义）高二英语下学期外研版

专题01语法（it作形式主语和宾语）&写作（演讲稿—人物介绍、保护环境）（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05 知识点06 知识点07 知识点08 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 it作形式主语 it作形式主语的常用句型 基础必考点，常出现在小题 it作形式主语 1．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 2．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋动名词 3．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋从句 基础必考点，常出现在小题 演讲稿—人物介绍、 人物介绍的佳句及写作方法 应用文写作 演讲稿—保护环境 保护环境的佳句及写作方法 应用文写作 it作形式主语 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 [观察例句] 1．It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language. 2．It happens that I have had some experience in dealing with him. 3．It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. 4．It takes me 30 minutes to go to school by bike every day. 5．It's not much good conducting such a survey. 知识点02 [归纳用法] 一、概念 当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时，通常用it(不能用that，this等词)来作形式主语代替它们，而将真正的主语放在后面，以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 二、it作形式主语的常用句型 1．it作不定式的形式主语句型 (1)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋to do sth.，这类名词有：a pleasure，a fact等。 It is not a good habit to stay up too late.睡得太迟不是个好习惯。 (2)It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有：wrong，right，important，difficult，easy等。 It is necessary for you to be fully aware of your own shortcomings.充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的。 (3)It is＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth. 这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有：kind，good，polite，selfish等。 It was foolish of you to behave like that.你那种表现真是太蠢了。 (4)It takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋to do sth.，这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.成千上万的人花了很多年才建成了长城。 2．it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋doing sth.，这类名词有：(no) use，a waste of time等。 The doctor told us that it is no good eating too much meat.医生告诉我们吃太多的肉没有好处。 3．it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型 (1)It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句。 It's certain that William will do well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。 It's important that we (should) show consideration for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life. 在社会生活中，如果我们要与别人和谐共处，关心别人是很重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It is important that...”句式中，it代替从句作主语时，that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形(或should have done)”或只用动词原形。 (2)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句，这类名词有：a fact，a pity，a shame等。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language all over the world. 事实上，在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。 (3)It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句，这类过去分词有：known，announced，believed，decided等。 It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 [名师点津]　在下列句式中，that从句要用虚拟语气：“It is desired/suggested/settled/ requested/required/demanded/ordered/proposed/recommended...that...。” Is it settled that he (should) resign his office? 他辞职已成定局了吗？ (4)It＋不及物动词＋主语从句，这类动词有：seem，matter，strike，occur等。 It occurred to me that he had gone to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 1．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）________ is known to us all ________ the old scientist still works hard in his nineties. A．It: that B．It; which C．That; which D．That; that 2．（24-25高二下·广东佛山·期中）通常人们会对由他们最喜欢的书改编的电影充满期待。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 即时检测 一．单句语法填空 ①It is essential you to accomplish the papers before Sunday. ②It's clever you to work out the maths problem. ③It is necessary for high school students (learn) another foreign language. ④As far as I'm concerned，it's no use (argue) with him，he won't change his mind. 二．完成句子 ①大家提议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。 It is suggested that each student ． ②对你来说，努力学习很重要。 It is important that you ． ③他在考试之前彻底复习了笔记。难怪他获得这么高的分数。 He went over all his notes thoroughly before the exam. he should have achieved such a high grade in it. ④碰巧我在某个地方读过这篇文章。 I had read that article somewhere. 三.单句语法填空 1．It's useless (complain) without taking action. 2．It is illegal a teenager to drive a car without a license. 3．It can be proved what he has said is not true. 4．Is it necessary (complete) the design before National Day? 5．In fact it is a hard job for the police (keep) order in an important football match. 6．He was sent off for (argue) with the referee. 7．It is our belief improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy. 8．It is generally (accept) that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. 9．It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 10．It (require) that you should not tell other people the password of your e­mail account. 四.短文语法填空 I 1. (study) English for six years.It was difficult for me 2. (remember) new words first.I tried every means，but it is no use 3. (recite) them over and over again.It was very kind of you 4. (offer) me some suggestions.It is necessary 5. (understand) its meaning in sentences.It is no wonder 6. your English is good.It is requested 7. everyone should master proper methods of learning.8. was a shame that I hadn't asked you for help earlier.I will try my best to improve my English.9. is hoped that I will pass the TOEFL and have a chance to study abroad.Thanks for your help.I would be grateful 10. you could give me a reply soon. it作形式宾语 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 [观察例句] 1．She feels it her duty to support her family. 2．He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 3．I find it no use talking to a person like him about it. 4．I took it for granted that you'd want to come with us，so I bought you a ticket. 5．I enjoy it when the sun shines bright. 6．I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 知识点02 [归纳用法] 一、概念 在英语中，有时候句子的宾语比较复杂，很容易引起歧义。因此，为了平衡句子结构，避免误解，习惯上使用一个没有具体意义的代词it来作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，这时，共分为两种情况：第一种情况为it后接宾语补足语；第二种情况为it后不接宾语补足语。 二、构成 (一)代词it后接宾语补足语 1．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 I found it important to learn spoken English.我发现学习英语口语很重要。 2．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋动名词 I did consider it no use reporting the incident.我确实认为报道这件事没有用。 3．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋从句 I think it necessary that you study hard.我认为你努力学习是必要的。 “6123”记忆法： *6指常用动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel *1指形式宾语it *2指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词和名词 *3指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句 (二)代词it后不接宾语补足语 1．动词＋it＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have，take，put，like等。 I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 2．动词＋it＋when/if从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。 I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 3．动词＋介词＋it＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to，look to，insist on，stick to，depend on，rely on，answer for等。 See to it that you're not late again.务必不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。 4．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted，bring it to sb.'s attention，owe it to sb.等。 I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我还活着。 I took it for granted that he would help us.我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 1．（24-25高二下·天津河北·期中）Sofia made ______ clear to me ______ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．it; what B．that; what C．it; that D．her; that 2．（23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）The use of computers has ______ ________ possible for more people to work at home. 电脑的使用已使得更多的人在家工作成为可能。 即时检测 一．完成句子 ①他已养成早起的习惯。 He has early. ②我觉得每天大声读英语真的很有用。 I yell English every day. ③我想说清楚我并没有偷他的钢笔。 I want to I didn't steal his pen. ④我发现建议他戒烟是没有用的。 I him to give up smoking. 二．完成句子 ①我希望我不必做那么多工作。 I'd I didn't have to do so much work. ②我不能保证他会来。 I can't he will come. ③你放心，他会来接你的。 You may he'll come to meet you. 三.单句语法填空 1．New technologies have made easier to enjoy life than ever before. 2．You may depend on it they will look after your daughter when you are away. 3．—Have you got used to the weather here? —Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer it rains on end. 4．Sorry！I just took for granted that you'd want to come. 5．I would appreciate it very much you could give me some suggestions. 6．Will you see to that my children are taken good care of while I am away? 7．He disliked when she behaved badly in front of his mother. 8．First of all，I think it very important (make)more friends abroad. 9．I find it necessary we should spend more time practising spoken English. 10．I think it no use (argue) with him. 四.短文语法填空 It is not easy 1. (learn) English though many people think 2. easy.Once I found it difficult 3. (memorise) English words when I studied English.I even hated it 4. I attended an English class every day.Do you find it hard 5. (learn) English? Last year，my best friends in America gave me some advice on 6. (study) English.When you study a foreign language，you should not depend on it 7. others will help you.I think it useless 8. (complain) about how difficult it is.I think it worthwhile 9. (spend) more time communicating with native speakers.And the more you learn English，the more confident you 10. (be)．Finally，you will make rapid progress in English. 演讲稿——人物介绍 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 写作积累 关于人物介绍的佳句 1.开头:人物介绍 ①When it comes to heroes, I believe that they are individuals who possess exceptional qualities and have made significant contributions to society.说到英雄,我认为他们是那些拥有卓越品质并对社会做出重大贡献的人。 ②Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, ...is the most influential in my opinion.在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中,我认为……是最有影响力的。 ③Known for his incredible talent and charismatic personality, ...has captured the heart of millions of fans around the world.……以不可思议的才华和富有魅力的个性著称,俘获了全世界数百万粉丝的心。 2.评价: ①sb./sth. has/have a/an+adj.+effect on... 某人/某物对……有着……的影响 ②sb. not only made a/an+adj.+contribution to..., but also acquired+adj.+achievements in...某人不仅对……做出了……的贡献,而且在……方面取得了……的成就 ③What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life:...我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:…… 知识点02 例题解析 写作题目 　　假定你是李华,你将参加学校英语俱乐部举办的主题为“People who break boundaries”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛,内容如下表所示: 事迹 1.郑和,1371年出生,明朝著名的航海家; 2.1405—1433年先后七次下西洋,进行贵重货物的贸易,如黄金、白银和丝绸。 评价 促进了中国和其他国家之间的文化和技术交流; …… 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Dear everyone, 　　Thank you! 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.本单元所学单词或短语 1.vital adj.极其重要的  2.devotion n.奉献  3.mankind n.人类  4.rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的  5.influential adj.有影响力的  6.bring forth使产生,使出现  Ⅱ.单元语块、语法 1.完成句子 第一段:点明主题,引出郑和这一介绍对象 (1)It is my honor to deliver/give(我很荣幸发表) a speech themed “People who break boundaries”.  (2)I'd like to introduce Zheng He, a famous navigator born in 1371(1371年出生的著名航海家) in the Ming Dynasty.  第二段:介绍郑和的事迹 (3)According to the historical records, from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven vital voyages (极其重要的航行) to trade in valuable goods, such as gold, silver and silk.  (4)He brought forth (使产生) the further exchange of culture and technology between China and other countries.  第三段:对郑和的评价 (5)Zheng He's voyages are a rewarding achievement (有意义的成就).  (6)He is naturally considered as an influential pioneer(很自然地被看作是一位有影响力的先驱) in opening up cultural exchanges among different peoples around the world.  (7)He will be remembered forever because of his devotion to mankind (他对人类的奉献).  2.句式升级 (8)用it作形式主语改写句(3) (9)用such...that...结构和“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构合并、改写句(5)和句(6) 知识点03 连句成篇 Dear everyone Hello! It is my honor to deliver a speech.People who break boundaries". Here,I'd like to introduce Zheng He, a famous navigator born in 1371 in the Ming Dynasty.It is historically recorded that from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven vital voyages to trade in valuable goods, such as gold, silver and silk. What's more, he brought forth the further exchange of culture and technology between China and other countries. ZhengHe's voyages are such a rewarding achievement that it is natural for people to consider him as an influential pioneer in opening up cultural exchanges among different peoples around the world. He will be remembered forever because of his devotion to mankind. Thank you! 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 　　假定你是李华,你准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛,需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章,内容包括: 人物 简介 1.意大利旅行家、商人马可·波罗(Marco Polo)于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国; 2.在中国旅行17年,参观过很多地方,惊叹于中国的美丽和强大; 3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。 评价 …… 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Hello, everyone.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   　　Thank you! 演讲稿——保护环境 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关于环境保护的增分佳句 1.开头:环境问题的具体表现 ①As we all know, it's the development of industry and heavy traffic that have caused air pollution.众所周知,是工业的发展和繁忙的交通造成了空气污染。 ②The emergence of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution.大量煤炭和其他化石燃料的兴起造成了前所未有的空气污染。 2.主体:保护环境的措施 a.社会层面 ①The city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.城市当局应该采取有力的措施来解决这个问题。 ②The more people involved, the better our environment will be.越多的人参与,我们的环境就越好。 b.个人层面 ①What we can do is place importance on our daily actions.我们所能做的就是重视我们的日常行为。 ②Nothing is more important than taking concrete action.没有什么比采取具体行动更重要的了。 ③When we see litter on the ground, we should pick it up and throw it into a bin.当我们看到地上有垃圾时,我们应该把它捡起来扔进垃圾箱。 3.结尾:发出号召 ①It's time for us to reflect on our behavior and live in harmony with nature.到了我们该反思自身行为,与大自然和谐相处的时候了。 ②Protect the environment one day earlier and guarantee more life.早一天保护环境,多一份生命保证。 知识点02 例题解析 写作题目 　　假设你是星光中学的李华,你将代表学校参加主题为“Actions for Greener Earth”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿,主要内容包括: 　　1.目前我们生存的地球所面临的环境问题,比如野生动物的栖息地面积骤减等; 　　2.人们为绿色地球可以采取的行动:为野生动植物建立自然保护区、倡导绿色出行等。 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon! I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Thank you! 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.本单元所学单词或短语 1.habitat n.栖息地  2.conservation n.保护  3.decrease v.(使)变小;(使)减少  4.rare adj.稀有的;罕见的  5.a substantial number of大量的   6.regard...as...把……当作……  7.on behalf of代表  Ⅱ.单元语块、语法 1.完成句子 第一段:人们面临的环境问题 (1)There is no denying that (不可否认的是) environmental problems on earth are still exist.  (2)The habitat of wild animals is on the decrease　(正在减少).  (3)It will cause the extinction of rare species(稀有物种的灭绝).  第二段:为保护环境应采取的措施 (4)We should raise people's awareness of environmental protection(提高人们的环保意识) and advocate green travel. It is essential.  (5)A substantial number of nature reserves(大量的自然保护区) can be set up for the conservation of wildlife.  (6)On behalf of (代表) students in our school, I call on people to save the limited natural resources.  (7) We rely on(依靠) the limited natural resources for living.  第三段:发出号召 (8)I think it urgent for us to take action(我们迫切需要采取行动) for a greener planet.  2.句式升级 (9)将句(2)和句(3)合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 (10)用it作形式主语改写句(4) (11)将句(6)和句(7)合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 知识点03连句成篇 Ladies and gentlemen,  　　Good afternoon! I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.  There is no denying that environmental problems on earth are still exist. For example, the habitat of wild animals is on the decrease, which will cause the extinction of rare species. Therefore, we should participate actively in the actions for greener earth.First of all, it is essential that we should raise people's awareness of environmental protection and advocate green travel. Besides, a substantial number of nature reserves can be set up for the conservation of wildlife. What's more, on behalf of students in our school, I call on people to save the limited natural resources, which we rely for living In conclusion, I think it urgent for us to take action for a greener planet. Let's get started now!Thank you! 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 实战演练 　　请写一篇简短的演讲稿,至少举一个例子来表达自己对“绿水青山就是金山银山”这句话的理解。 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Good morning, everyone! It's my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of our school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 That's all. Thank you for your listening! 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期中）________ is widely believed that technological innovations will ________ the way for a more sustainable future. A．It; pave B．There; pave C．It; make D．There; make 2．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）________ is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth. A．That B．It C．As D．Such 3．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）________ is important for students ________ good study habits. A．This; develop B．It; to develop C．That; developing D．It; develop 4．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·月考）________ is known to us all ________ the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A．As, that B．It; that C．As; what D．It; what 5．（23-24高二下·广东广州·期中）It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation ________ to computer games and the online world. A．to be attracted B．attracted C．being attracted D．to attract 6．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）I don’t feel ______ difficult to understand the passage. A．/ B．that C．this D．it 7．（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期中）Experts felt ________ necessary to ________ a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. A．it; come up B．it; come up with C．that; come up D．that; come up with 8．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）They have made ________ a rule not to smoke in the room, but ________ was beyond their comprehension was ________ many people don’t obey it. A．it, what, that B．it, it, that C．this, that, what D．that, it, why 9．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·月考）Susan made ________ clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．that , that B．this , what C．it , that D．her, that 10．（23-24高二下·天津河东·期中）Susan made ______ clear to me ______ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．it... what B．that…what C．it... that D．her... that 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一．单句语法填空 1．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·期中） was disturbing that she was being looked after by a robot who seemed more like a human. 2．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）To join the People’s Liberation Army, is required for men to shave off their beards. 3．（22-23高二下·广东惠州·期中）It was difficult for us (tolerate) that noise all day long. 4．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）Unfortunately, took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 5．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中） is urged that the public should promote their awareness to protect the rare animal. 6．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·月考）The fact that Tom had no prior experience in programming made hard for him to get the software development job. 7．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中）Some people think necessary to explore the oceans because of the potential amounts of resources. 8．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中）This incident made clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving. 9．（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Some owners believe no big issue to release those pesticides into the wild. 10．（24-25高二下·吉林白山·期中）I rely on that tomorrow will be better. (用适当的词填空) 二．完成句子 1．（23-24高二下·广东广州·期中）事实是，为了让别人听见，演讲者提高了嗓门儿。(it作形式主语;分词作宾语补足语) ________________that the speaker raised her voice ________________. 2．（23-24高二下·全国·期中）it is believed that... 人们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。 ______________________________, we can have cleaner oceans in the future. 3．（22-23高二下·广东广州·期中）没有驾照就开车对你来说是违法的。 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ to drive a car without a driving license. 4．（20-21高二下·广东汕头·期中）________ is universally/generally ________ ________ she is one of the greatest women in the world. (“人们公认”，it 作形式主语)(根据汉语提示完成句子) 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）假若你是李华，准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛，你需要写一篇演讲稿。请写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章，内容包括： 人物 马可·波罗（Marco Polo） 职业 著名意大利旅行家 事件 1.于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国； 2.在中国游历了17年，参观过很多地方，惊叹于中国的美丽和强大； 3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。 你的评价 …… 注意：词数80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（22-23高二下·全国·单元测试）“推行垃圾分类，提倡低碳生活”是个全民活动，你班英语课将举行主题为“Let’s Go Green Now”的一分钟英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，要点包括： 1. 倡导绿色生活的原因； 2. 实践途径 (至少两点)。 注意：1. 词数80左右(首尾已给，不计入总词数)； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Boys and girls, I’m greatly honoured to deliver the speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all.Thank you. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01语法（it作形式主语和宾语）&写作（演讲稿—人物介绍、保护环境）（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 知识点04 知识点05 知识点06 知识点07 知识点08 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 it作形式主语 it作形式主语的常用句型 基础必考点，常出现在小题 it作形式主语 1．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 2．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋动名词 3．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋从句 基础必考点，常出现在小题 演讲稿—人物介绍、 人物介绍的佳句及写作方法 应用文写作 演讲稿—保护环境 保护环境的佳句及写作方法 应用文写作 it作形式主语 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 [观察例句] 1．It's not easy for us to learn a foreign language. 2．It happens that I have had some experience in dealing with him. 3．It is no use arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. 4．It takes me 30 minutes to go to school by bike every day. 5．It's not much good conducting such a survey. 知识点02 [归纳用法] 一、概念 当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时，通常用it(不能用that，this等词)来作形式主语代替它们，而将真正的主语放在后面，以保持句子结构的平衡。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 二、it作形式主语的常用句型 1．it作不定式的形式主语句型 (1)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋to do sth.，这类名词有：a pleasure，a fact等。 It is not a good habit to stay up too late.睡得太迟不是个好习惯。 (2)It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有：wrong，right，important，difficult，easy等。 It is necessary for you to be fully aware of your own shortcomings.充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的。 (3)It is＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do sth. 这些形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有：kind，good，polite，selfish等。 It was foolish of you to behave like that.你那种表现真是太蠢了。 (4)It takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋to do sth.，这是一个表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事的句型。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.成千上万的人花了很多年才建成了长城。 2．it作动名词的形式主语的常用句型 It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋doing sth.，这类名词有：(no) use，a waste of time等。 The doctor told us that it is no good eating too much meat.医生告诉我们吃太多的肉没有好处。 3．it作主语从句的形式主语的常用句型 (1)It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句。 It's certain that William will do well in the exam.威廉肯定能考得很好。 It's important that we (should) show consideration for others if we are to live in harmony with them in social life. 在社会生活中，如果我们要与别人和谐共处，关心别人是很重要的。 [名师点津]　在“It is important that...”句式中，it代替从句作主语时，that引导的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形(或should have done)”或只用动词原形。 (2)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句，这类名词有：a fact，a pity，a shame等。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language all over the world. 事实上，在世界范围内英语是公认的国际语言。 (3)It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句，这类过去分词有：known，announced，believed，decided等。 It is known to all that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 众所周知，克里斯托夫·哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 [名师点津]　在下列句式中，that从句要用虚拟语气：“It is desired/suggested/settled/ requested/required/demanded/ordered/proposed/recommended...that...。” Is it settled that he (should) resign his office? 他辞职已成定局了吗？ (4)It＋不及物动词＋主语从句，这类动词有：seem，matter，strike，occur等。 It occurred to me that he had gone to the USA.我突然想到他已经去美国了。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 1．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）________ is known to us all ________ the old scientist still works hard in his nineties. A．It: that B．It; which C．That; which D．That; that 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：众所周知，这位年逾九旬的科学家仍在努力工作。表示“众所周知”句型为it is known to us all that，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。故选A。 2．（24-25高二下·广东佛山·期中）通常人们会对由他们最喜欢的书改编的电影充满期待。(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s normal to have high expectations when a film of a favorite book is made./People normally have high expectations of the film adapted from their favorite book. 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。根据中文提示可知，这里时态用一般现在时表客观情况。表示“通常”可用it is normal to，为固定句型，其中it为形式主语，后面不定式 为逻辑主语；表示“对……充满期待”应用have high expectations，与前面to构成不定式作真正的主语；表示“由他们最喜欢的书改编的电影”可以意译为“当一本深受喜爱的书籍被改编成电影时”，即翻译为when a film of a favorite book is made，为时间状语从句。本句话也可翻译为：表示“人们”应用People，为主语；表示“通常”应用normally，为状语；表示“有”应用have，为谓语； 表示“对电影充满期待”应用high expectations of the film，为宾语；表示“由他们最喜欢的书改编的”应用adapted from their favorite book，为过去分词短语作后置定语。故翻译为It’s normal to have high expectations when a film of a favorite book is made./People normally have high expectations of the film adapted from their favorite book. 即时检测 一．单句语法填空 ①It is essential you to accomplish the papers before Sunday. ②It's clever you to work out the maths problem. ③It is necessary for high school students (learn) another foreign language. ④As far as I'm concerned，it's no use (argue) with him，he won't change his mind. 1.for 2.of 3.to learn4.arguing 二．完成句子 ①大家提议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。 It is suggested that each student ． ②对你来说，努力学习很重要。 It is important that you ． ③他在考试之前彻底复习了笔记。难怪他获得这么高的分数。 He went over all his notes thoroughly before the exam. he should have achieved such a high grade in it. ④碰巧我在某个地方读过这篇文章。 I had read that article somewhere. 【答案】1.(should) sing a song in English2.(should) study hard3.It is no wonder that 4.It happened that 三.单句语法填空 1．It's useless (complain) without taking action. 2．It is illegal a teenager to drive a car without a license. 3．It can be proved what he has said is not true. 4．Is it necessary (complete) the design before National Day? 5．In fact it is a hard job for the police (keep) order in an important football match. 6．He was sent off for (argue) with the referee. 7．It is our belief improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy. 8．It is generally (accept) that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. 9．It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 10．It (require) that you should not tell other people the password of your e­mail account. 【答案】 1.complaining2.for 3.that 4.complete5.to keep6.arguing7.that 8.accepted9.that 10.is required 四.短文语法填空 I 1. (study) English for six years.It was difficult for me 2. (remember) new words first.I tried every means，but it is no use 3. (recite) them over and over again.It was very kind of you 4. (offer) me some suggestions.It is necessary 5. (understand) its meaning in sentences.It is no wonder 6. your English is good.It is requested 7. everyone should master proper methods of learning.8. was a shame that I hadn't asked you for help earlier.I will try my best to improve my English.9. is hoped that I will pass the TOEFL and have a chance to study abroad.Thanks for your help.I would be grateful 10. you could give me a reply soon. 【答案】1.have studied2.to remember3.reciting4.to offer5.to understand6.that 7.that 8.It 9.It 10.if it作形式宾语 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 [观察例句] 1．She feels it her duty to support her family. 2．He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 3．I find it no use talking to a person like him about it. 4．I took it for granted that you'd want to come with us，so I bought you a ticket. 5．I enjoy it when the sun shines bright. 6．I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 知识点02 [归纳用法] 一、概念 在英语中，有时候句子的宾语比较复杂，很容易引起歧义。因此，为了平衡句子结构，避免误解，习惯上使用一个没有具体意义的代词it来作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，这时，共分为两种情况：第一种情况为it后接宾语补足语；第二种情况为it后不接宾语补足语。 二、构成 (一)代词it后接宾语补足语 1．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 I found it important to learn spoken English.我发现学习英语口语很重要。 2．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋动名词 I did consider it no use reporting the incident.我确实认为报道这件事没有用。 3．动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋从句 I think it necessary that you study hard.我认为你努力学习是必要的。 “6123”记忆法： *6指常用动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel *1指形式宾语it *2指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词和名词 *3指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句 (二)代词it后不接宾语补足语 1．动词＋it＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have，take，put，like等。 I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign.据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 2．动词＋it＋when/if从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。 I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 3．动词＋介词＋it＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to，look to，insist on，stick to，depend on，rely on，answer for等。 See to it that you're not late again.务必不要再迟到。 Look to it that this doesn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。 4．动词＋it＋介词短语＋that从句 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted，bring it to sb.'s attention，owe it to sb.等。 I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我还活着。 I took it for granted that he would help us.我理所当然地认为他会帮助我们。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 1．（24-25高二下·天津河北·期中）Sofia made ______ clear to me ______ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．it; what B．that; what C．it; that D．her; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查it作形式宾语和宾语从句。句意：索菲亚向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。此处为“make+it+adj+to sb+从句”结构，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是me后面的宾语从句，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。故选C。 2．（23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）The use of computers has ______ ________ possible for more people to work at home. 电脑的使用已使得更多的人在家工作成为可能。 【答案】 made it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语、时态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“使得”。表示“使得”用make， ①空用make的过去分词，与空前的has构成现在完成时。分析句子结构可知，②空用it作形式宾语，空后的不定式to work为真正的宾语。故填 ①made，②it。 即时检测 一．完成句子 ①他已养成早起的习惯。 He has early. ②我觉得每天大声读英语真的很有用。 I yell English every day. ③我想说清楚我并没有偷他的钢笔。 I want to I didn't steal his pen. ④我发现建议他戒烟是没有用的。 I him to give up smoking. 【答案】1.made it a rule to get up2.find it really helpful to3.make it clear that4.find it no use advising 二．完成句子 ①我希望我不必做那么多工作。 I'd I didn't have to do so much work. ②我不能保证他会来。 I can't he will come. ③你放心，他会来接你的。 You may he'll come to meet you. 【答案】1.prefer it if2.answer for it that3.rely on it that 三.单句语法填空 1．New technologies have made easier to enjoy life than ever before. 2．You may depend on it they will look after your daughter when you are away. 3．—Have you got used to the weather here? —Yes. But I don't enjoy it in the summer it rains on end. 4．Sorry！I just took for granted that you'd want to come. 5．I would appreciate it very much you could give me some suggestions. 6．Will you see to that my children are taken good care of while I am away? 7．He disliked when she behaved badly in front of his mother. 8．First of all，I think it very important (make)more friends abroad. 9．I find it necessary we should spend more time practising spoken English. 10．I think it no use (argue) with him. 【答案】1.it 2.that 3.when 4.it 5.if 6.it 7.it 8.to make9.that 10.arguing 四.短文语法填空 It is not easy 1. (learn) English though many people think 2. easy.Once I found it difficult 3. (memorise) English words when I studied English.I even hated it 4. I attended an English class every day.Do you find it hard 5. (learn) English? Last year，my best friends in America gave me some advice on 6. (study) English.When you study a foreign language，you should not depend on it 7. others will help you.I think it useless 8. (complain) about how difficult it is.I think it worthwhile 9. (spend) more time communicating with native speakers.And the more you learn English，the more confident you 10. (be)．Finally，you will make rapid progress in English. 【答案】1.to learn2.it 3.to memorise4.when 5.to learn6.studying7.that 8.complaining9.spending10.will be 演讲稿——人物介绍 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 写作积累 关于人物介绍的佳句 1.开头:人物介绍 ①When it comes to heroes, I believe that they are individuals who possess exceptional qualities and have made significant contributions to society.说到英雄,我认为他们是那些拥有卓越品质并对社会做出重大贡献的人。 ②Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged, ...is the most influential in my opinion.在被广泛认可的中国历史人物中,我认为……是最有影响力的。 ③Known for his incredible talent and charismatic personality, ...has captured the heart of millions of fans around the world.……以不可思议的才华和富有魅力的个性著称,俘获了全世界数百万粉丝的心。 2.评价: ①sb./sth. has/have a/an+adj.+effect on... 某人/某物对……有着……的影响 ②sb. not only made a/an+adj.+contribution to..., but also acquired+adj.+achievements in...某人不仅对……做出了……的贡献,而且在……方面取得了……的成就 ③What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life:...我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:…… 知识点02 例题解析 写作题目 　　假定你是李华,你将参加学校英语俱乐部举办的主题为“People who break boundaries”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛,内容如下表所示: 事迹 1.郑和,1371年出生,明朝著名的航海家; 2.1405—1433年先后七次下西洋,进行贵重货物的贸易,如黄金、白银和丝绸。 评价 促进了中国和其他国家之间的文化和技术交流; …… 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Dear everyone, 　　Thank you! 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.本单元所学单词或短语 1.vital adj.极其重要的  2.devotion n.奉献  3.mankind n.人类  4.rewarding adj.值得做的,有意义的  5.influential adj.有影响力的  6.bring forth使产生,使出现  Ⅱ.单元语块、语法 1.完成句子 第一段:点明主题,引出郑和这一介绍对象 (1)It is my honor to deliver/give(我很荣幸发表) a speech themed “People who break boundaries”.  (2)I'd like to introduce Zheng He, a famous navigator born in 1371(1371年出生的著名航海家) in the Ming Dynasty.  第二段:介绍郑和的事迹 (3)According to the historical records, from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven vital voyages (极其重要的航行) to trade in valuable goods, such as gold, silver and silk.  (4)He brought forth (使产生) the further exchange of culture and technology between China and other countries.  第三段:对郑和的评价 (5)Zheng He's voyages are a rewarding achievement (有意义的成就).  (6)He is naturally considered as an influential pioneer(很自然地被看作是一位有影响力的先驱) in opening up cultural exchanges among different peoples around the world.  (7)He will be remembered forever because of his devotion to mankind (他对人类的奉献).  2.句式升级 (8)用it作形式主语改写句(3) It is historically recorded that from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven vital voyages to trade in valuable goods, such as gold, silver and silk.　 (9)用such...that...结构和“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构合并、改写句(5)和句(6) Zheng He's voyages are such a rewarding achievement that it is natural for people to consider him as an influential pioneer in opening up cultural exchanges among different peoples around the world. 知识点03 连句成篇 Dear everyone Hello! It is my honor to deliver a speech.People who break boundaries". Here,I'd like to introduce Zheng He, a famous navigator born in 1371 in the Ming Dynasty.It is historically recorded that from 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven vital voyages to trade in valuable goods, such as gold, silver and silk. What's more, he brought forth the further exchange of culture and technology between China and other countries. ZhengHe's voyages are such a rewarding achievement that it is natural for people to consider him as an influential pioneer in opening up cultural exchanges among different peoples around the world. He will be remembered forever because of his devotion to mankind. Thank you! 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 　　假定你是李华,你准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛,需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章,内容包括: 人物 简介 1.意大利旅行家、商人马可·波罗(Marco Polo)于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国; 2.在中国旅行17年,参观过很多地方,惊叹于中国的美丽和强大; 3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。 评价 …… 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Hello, everyone.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   　　Thank you! 【答案】 　Hello, everyone. Among all the foreign travellers and adventurers, my favorite is Marco Polo, a famous Italian traveller and merchant, who travelled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century.  　　He travelled in China for 17 years, visiting many places and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. What sets him apart from the others is that he introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to the world. 　　In my opinion, Marco Polo is really a great traveller, whose mission is to promote cultural exchanges and spread the seeds of civilization. 　　Thank you!  1.重点词汇 ①amazed adj.大为惊奇的 ②powerful adj.强大的 ③set...apart from使与众不同,使优于(其他人或物) ④mission n.任务,使命 ⑤exchange n.交流 2.亮点句型 What sets him apart from the others is that he introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to the world.(What引导主语从句;that引导表语从句)他与众不同的地方在于,他把中国的文化和科学发明介绍到了世界。  演讲稿——保护环境 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 关于环境保护的增分佳句 1.开头:环境问题的具体表现 ①As we all know, it's the development of industry and heavy traffic that have caused air pollution.众所周知,是工业的发展和繁忙的交通造成了空气污染。 ②The emergence of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution.大量煤炭和其他化石燃料的兴起造成了前所未有的空气污染。 2.主体:保护环境的措施 a.社会层面 ①The city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.城市当局应该采取有力的措施来解决这个问题。 ②The more people involved, the better our environment will be.越多的人参与,我们的环境就越好。 b.个人层面 ①What we can do is place importance on our daily actions.我们所能做的就是重视我们的日常行为。 ②Nothing is more important than taking concrete action.没有什么比采取具体行动更重要的了。 ③When we see litter on the ground, we should pick it up and throw it into a bin.当我们看到地上有垃圾时,我们应该把它捡起来扔进垃圾箱。 3.结尾:发出号召 ①It's time for us to reflect on our behavior and live in harmony with nature.到了我们该反思自身行为,与大自然和谐相处的时候了。 ②Protect the environment one day earlier and guarantee more life.早一天保护环境,多一份生命保证。 知识点02 例题解析 写作题目 　　假设你是星光中学的李华,你将代表学校参加主题为“Actions for Greener Earth”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿,主要内容包括: 　　1.目前我们生存的地球所面临的环境问题,比如野生动物的栖息地面积骤减等; 　　2.人们为绿色地球可以采取的行动:为野生动植物建立自然保护区、倡导绿色出行等。 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon! I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Thank you! 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.本单元所学单词或短语 1.habitat n.栖息地  2.conservation n.保护  3.decrease v.(使)变小;(使)减少  4.rare adj.稀有的;罕见的  5.a substantial number of大量的   6.regard...as...把……当作……  7.on behalf of代表  Ⅱ.单元语块、语法 1.完成句子 第一段:人们面临的环境问题 (1)There is no denying that (不可否认的是) environmental problems on earth are still exist.  (2)The habitat of wild animals is on the decrease　(正在减少).  (3)It will cause the extinction of rare species(稀有物种的灭绝).  第二段:为保护环境应采取的措施 (4)We should raise people's awareness of environmental protection(提高人们的环保意识) and advocate green travel. It is essential.  (5)A substantial number of nature reserves(大量的自然保护区) can be set up for the conservation of wildlife.  (6)On behalf of (代表) students in our school, I call on people to save the limited natural resources.  (7) We rely on(依靠) the limited natural resources for living.  第三段:发出号召 (8)I think it urgent for us to take action(我们迫切需要采取行动) for a greener planet.  2.句式升级 (9)将句(2)和句(3)合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 The habitat of wild animals is on the decrease, which will cause the extinction of rare species. (10)用it作形式主语改写句(4) It is essential that we should raise people's awareness of environmental protection and advocate green travel. (11)将句(6)和句(7)合并为含有非限制性定语从句的句子 On behalf of students in our school, I call on people to save the limited natural resources, which we rely on for living. 知识点03连句成篇 Ladies and gentlemen,  　　Good afternoon! I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Actions for Greener Earth”.  There is no denying that environmental problems on earth are still exist. For example, the habitat of wild animals is on the decrease, which will cause the extinction of rare species. Therefore, we should participate actively in the actions for greener earth.First of all, it is essential that we should raise people's awareness of environmental protection and advocate green travel. Besides, a substantial number of nature reserves can be set up for the conservation of wildlife. What's more, on behalf of students in our school, I call on people to save the limited natural resources, which we rely for living In conclusion, I think it urgent for us to take action for a greener planet. Let's get started now!Thank you! 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 实战演练 　　请写一篇简短的演讲稿,至少举一个例子来表达自己对“绿水青山就是金山银山”这句话的理解。 　　注意:词数80个左右。 Good morning, everyone! It's my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of our school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 That's all. Thank you for your listening! 【答案】 　　Good morning, everyone! It's my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of our school.  　　Recently, people have realized how valuable it is to protect our water and mountains. “Clear waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver”, which requires everyone to protect the environment well. 　　There are lots of things we can do to contribute our efforts to it. For example, when we go out for a picnic, we should eat as much food as we can to make sure nothing will be thrown away in the wild. It is also nice to plant more trees in certain mountains and stop deforestation. No matter what a small effort we make, it does make a difference. 　　That's all. Thank you for your listening!  1.重点词汇 ①valuable adj.很重要的;宝贵的 ②require v.要求;有赖于 ③make sure 确保 ④make a difference有影响,起作用 2.亮点句型 No matter what a small effort we make, it does make a difference.(“No matter what a small effort we make”是no matter what引导的让步状语从句)不管我们做出了多小的努力,都会产生影响。  考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期中）________ is widely believed that technological innovations will ________ the way for a more sustainable future. A．It; pave B．There; pave C．It; make D．There; make 【答案】A 【详解】考查it用法和动词短语辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，技术创新将为更可持续的未来铺平道路。that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，第一空应用it作形式主语；pave the way for“为……铺平道路”，make the way for“让……通过，给……让路”，结合“a more sustainable future”可知此处指“为更可持续的未来铺平道路”。故选A。 2．（24-25高二下·天津和平·期中）________ is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth. A．That B．It C．As D．Such 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句和形式主语。句意：令人难以置信的是，卢卡斯先生尽管非常富有，却过着简朴的生活。此处为“it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语”结构，所以此处使用代词it，位于句首，首字母需大写。故选B项。 3．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）________ is important for students ________ good study habits. A．This; develop B．It; to develop C．That; developing D．It; develop 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：对学生来说养成良好的学习习惯是很重要的。“It is +形容词+ or sb.+to do sth.”为固定句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是…… 的”，it为形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故选B。 4．（24-25高二下·天津红桥·月考）________ is known to us all ________ the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A．As, that B．It; that C．As; what D．It; what 【答案】B 【详解】考查主语从句。 句意：众所周知，这位过去生活艰难的老科学家在八十多岁时仍然努力工作。________ the old scientist, for whom life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties是一个完整的句子，且在整个句子中作真正的主语。当主语从句较长时，为了避免头重脚轻，通常会使用形式主语it作形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末，所以这里第一个空应填It，从句中不缺少成分以及含义，使用that引导真正的主语从句，that在主语从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，且不能省略。故选B。 5．（23-24高二下·广东广州·期中）It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation ________ to computer games and the online world. A．to be attracted B．attracted C．being attracted D．to attract 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引是很正常的。此处句型“it + be ＋形容词＋( for sb.)+ to do sth .”，it 为形式主语，不定式是真正主语， 句中teenagers of your generation与 attract之间为被动关系，因此空处应用动词不定式的被动式 to be done 形式。故选A项。 6．（24-25高二下·天津·期中）I don’t feel ______ difficult to understand the passage. A．/ B．that C．this D．it 【答案】D 【详解】考查形式宾语。 句意：我觉得理解这篇文章并不难。feel后接复合宾语，真正的宾语是“to understand the passage”，而此处需要用形式宾语it来替代不定式，使句子结构平衡。常用结构为“feel+it+adj.+to do sth.”，其中it作形式宾语，形容词difficult作宾语补足语，不定式为真正宾语。故选D。 7．（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·期中）Experts felt ________ necessary to ________ a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. A．it; come up B．it; come up with C．that; come up D．that; come up with 【答案】B 【详解】考查形式主语和动词短语辨析。句意：专家们认为有必要提出一项从岛上清除所有兔子的计划。  第一空：此处为“feel + it + 形容词 + to do sth.”固定句型，其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，故第一空填it。 第二空：come up 意为“走近；被提出”（主语为计划、建议等），为不及物动词短语；come up with 意为“提出；想出”（主语为人），为及物动词短语。此处主语为 Experts（人），需表达“提出计划”，故用 come up with。故选B。 8．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·期中）They have made ________ a rule not to smoke in the room, but ________ was beyond their comprehension was ________ many people don’t obey it. A．it, what, that B．it, it, that C．this, that, what D．that, it, why 【答案】A 【详解】考查代词，主语从句和表语从句。句意：他们已经规定不许在房间里吸烟，但令他们无法理解的是，许多人并不遵守这一规定。make it a rule not to do sth.是固定短语，意为“规定不做某事”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，因此第一空应用it；“______ was beyond their comprehension”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“令他们无法理解的是，许多人并不遵守这一规定”，因此用what引导主语从句；“______ many people don’t obey it”是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导表语从句。故选A。 9．（24-25高二下·广东深圳·月考）Susan made ________ clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．that , that B．this , what C．it , that D．her, that 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：苏珊向我明确表示，她希望开始自己的新生活。此处为make it adj. to sb. that，it作形式宾语，从句为真正宾语。故选C。 10．（23-24高二下·天津河东·期中）Susan made ______ clear to me ______ she wished to make a new life for herself. A．it... what B．that…what C．it... that D．her... that 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词it和宾语从句。句意：苏珊向我明确表示，她希望开始自己的新生活。第一个空处指代下文的句子作made的宾语，应用代词it，作形式宾语；第二个空连接的是宾语从句，从句不缺少成分也不缺少意思，用that连接，故选C。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一．单句语法填空 1．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·期中） was disturbing that she was being looked after by a robot who seemed more like a human. 【答案】It 【详解】考查代词。句意：令人不安的是，照顾她的是一个看起来更像人类的机器人。本空作形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，所以用it，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 2．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）To join the People’s Liberation Army, is required for men to shave off their beards. 【答案】it 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：要加入中国人民解放军，男性被要求剃掉胡子。本空需要用it作形式主语，不定式to shave off作真正的主语。故填it。 3．（22-23高二下·广东惠州·期中）It was difficult for us (tolerate) that noise all day long. 【答案】to tolerate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很难整天忍受那种噪音。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式，作主语，it是形式主语。故填to tolerate。 4．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）Unfortunately, took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词it。句意：不幸的是，探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁灭了这些资源的很大一部分。此处为句型it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.，it作形式主语。故填it。 5．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中） is urged that the public should promote their awareness to protect the rare animal. 【答案】It 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：呼吁公众提高保护这种稀有动物的意识。本空用it作形式主语，that the public should promote their awareness to protect the rare animal为主语从句，it位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。 6．（24-25高二下·广东东莞·月考）The fact that Tom had no prior experience in programming made hard for him to get the software development job. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：汤姆之前没有编程经验这一事实，使得他很难得到那份软件开发工作。分析句子可知，这里考查make it hard for sb. to do sth.，是固定结构，表“让某人做某事很困难”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to get the software development job。故填it。 7．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中）Some people think necessary to explore the oceans because of the potential amounts of resources. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it用法。句意：有些人认为有必要探索海洋，因为潜在的资源数量。此处为think it adj. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语。故填it。 8．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中）This incident made clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子的问题需要解决。make it clear that...是固定句型，意为“清楚表明；明确表明”，其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。故填it。 9．（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Some owners believe no big issue to release those pesticides into the wild. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：一些业主认为，将这些农药释放到野外并不是什么大问题。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，此处应填it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后文的不定式。故填it。 10．（24-25高二下·吉林白山·期中）I rely on that tomorrow will be better. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】考查it的用法。句意：我相信明天会更好。rely on后接宾语从句时，需用形式宾语it，然后接宾语从句。故填it。 二．完成句子 1．（23-24高二下·广东广州·期中）事实是，为了让别人听见，演讲者提高了嗓门儿。(it作形式主语;分词作宾语补足语) ________________that the speaker raised her voice ________________. 【答案】 It is a fact to make herself heard 【详解】考查it作形式主语和分词作宾语补足语。根据句意可知，“事实是”处理成it作形式主语的主语从句，构成it is a fact that，“为了让别人听见”处理成动词不定式作目的状语，翻译为to make herself heard，herself与hear为被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填It is a fact；to make herself heard。 2．（23-24高二下·全国·期中）it is believed that... 人们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。 ______________________________, we can have cleaner oceans in the future. 【答案】It is believed that with our joint efforts 【详解】考查主语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“人们相信，在我们的共同努力下”，“人们相信”是固定句型it is believed that...，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，“在我们的共同努力下”是with our joint efforts，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处是It is believed that with our joint efforts。故填It is believed that with our joint efforts。 3．（22-23高二下·广东广州·期中）没有驾照就开车对你来说是违法的。 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ to drive a car without a driving license. 【答案】 It is illegal for you 【详解】考查形容词和固定句型。表示“违法的”应用形容词illegal；表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”应用“It is + adj.+for sb. +to do sth.”句型。故填It is illegal for you。 4．（20-21高二下·广东汕头·期中）________ is universally/generally ________ ________ she is one of the greatest women in the world. (“人们公认”，it 作形式主语)(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 It acknowledged that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：人们普遍认为她是世界上最伟大的女性之一。结合汉语提示“人们公认……”可知句型为it universally/generally acknowledged that…，it 作形式主语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填①It②acknowledged③that。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）假若你是李华，准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛，你需要写一篇演讲稿。请写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章，内容包括： 人物 马可·波罗（Marco Polo） 职业 著名意大利旅行家 事件 1.于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国； 2.在中国游历了17年，参观过很多地方，惊叹于中国的美丽和强大； 3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。 你的评价 …… 注意：词数80左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文 Hello, everyone. Among all the foreign travelers and adventurers, my favourite one is Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler, who traveled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century. He traveled in China for 17 years, visiting many parts of China and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. Although Marco Polo was not the only traveler who set foot in China, what set him apart from others was that he introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to other parts of the world. In my opinion, Marco Polo is really a great traveler who promoted the exchange of different cultures and spread the seeds of civilisation. Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇介绍马可·波罗的演讲稿，因为要准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：famous→celebrated/noted 吃惊的：amazed→surprised/astonished 观点：opinion→view/perspective 促进：promote→boost/facilitate 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Among all the foreign travelers and adventurers, my favourite one is Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler, who traveled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century. 拓展句：Among all the foreign travelers and adventurers, my favourite one is Marco Polo, the famous Italian traveler, traveling along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century. 【点睛】【高分句型1】He traveled in China for 17 years, visiting many parts of China and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. (运用了现在分词做状语和how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Although Marco Polo was not the only traveler who set foot in China, what set him apart from others was that he introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to other parts of the world. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句，what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句) 2．（22-23高二下·全国·单元测试）“推行垃圾分类，提倡低碳生活”是个全民活动，你班英语课将举行主题为“Let’s Go Green Now”的一分钟英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，要点包括： 1. 倡导绿色生活的原因； 2. 实践途径 (至少两点)。 注意：1. 词数80左右(首尾已给，不计入总词数)； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Boys and girls, I’m greatly honoured to deliver the speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all.Thank you. 【答案】Boys and girls, I’m greatly honoured to deliver the speech. As we all know, with the development of economy and society, the number of private cars is amazingly increasing. Cars and other vehicles let off carbon gases, and so do many other human activities, which causes global warming, disasters, and so on. It’s high time that we went green. From my point of view, we should raise the public’s awareness of the significance of going green. And taking public transportation or riding bicycles instead of driving should be greatly encouraged. What’s more, it’s a good idea to classify our rubbish and recycle it in our daily life. That’s all. Thank you. 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，就“Let’s Go Green Now”的一分钟英语演讲比赛写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 造成：cause→lead to 提高：raise→strengthen 意识：awareness→consciousness 此外：what’s more→moreover 2. 句式拓展 句式升级 原句：And taking public transportation or riding bicycles instead of driving should be greatly encouraged. 拓展句：It is taking public transportation or riding bicycles instead of driving that should be greatly encouraged. 【点睛】[高分句型1]As we all know, with the development of economy and society, the number of private cars is amazingly increasing.(运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]Cars and other vehicles let off carbon gases, and so do many other human activities, which causes global warming, disasters, and so on.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $