精品解析：北京市朝阳区北京中学2025-2026学年第二学期3月学情调研高二英语试题

2025-2026 第二学期 3 月学情调研 高二英语试卷 本试卷共 10 页，共 100 分。考试时长 95 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用 (共三节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A father and son went to the kite flying festival. The young son became very happy seeing the sky filled with colorful kites. He asked his father to get him a kite and a thread with a roller so he could fly a kite too. So, the father went to the shop at the park where the festival was being held. He purchased kites and a roll of thread for his son. The son started to fly a kite. Soon, his kite ____1____ high up in the sky. The son said, “Father, it seems that the thread is holding up a kite from flying higher. If we cut off the thread, the kite will be ____2____ and will go flying even higher. Can we cut it off?” So, the father cut the thread from a roller. The kite started to go a little higher. That made the son very ____3____. But then, slowly, the kite started to come down. And soon it fell down on the terrace of the unknown building. The young son was surprised and asked his father, “Father, I thought that after cutting off the thread, the kite could freely fly higher. But why did it fall down?” The father explained, “Son, at the ____4____ of life that we live in, we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are ____5____ us from going higher. The thread was not holding the kite from going higher, but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind ____6____, you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread. And when we cut the thread, it fell down without the ____7____ you were providing for the kite through the thread.” The son realized his mistake. Sometimes we feel that we can ____8____ quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home. But we ____9____ to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life. They are not ____10____ us, but are supporting us. Never let go of them. 1. A. arrived B. reached C. returned D. left 2. A. free B. light C. tight D. loose 3. A. upset B. anxious C. happy D. depressed 4. A. weight B. place C. height D. quality 5. A. preventing B. banning C. protecting D. tracking 6. A. raised up B. set up C. speeded up D. put up 7. A. trust B. evidence C. flight D. support 8. A. progress B. attach C. absorb D. propose 9. A. promise B. attempt C. happen D. fail 10. A. bullying B. laughing C. holding D. pushing 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了父子放风筝悟出的人生道理。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，他的风筝升到了高空。A. arrived到达（通常与at/in连用）；B. reached到达（及物动词，可直接接宾语）；C. returned返回；D. left离开。根据后文“high up in the sky”可知，此处指风筝到达了高空，reach 可直接接地点或高度。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们剪断线，风筝就会自由了，会飞得更高。A. free自由的；B. light轻的；C. tight紧的；D. loose松的。根据后文“and will go flying even higher”可知，儿子认为剪断线风筝就自由了。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让儿子非常高兴。A. upset沮丧的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. happy高兴的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据前文“The kite started to go a little higher.”可知，风筝飞得更高了，儿子应该是高兴的。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们生活的这个高度，我们常常认为有一些东西束缚着我们，阻止我们飞得更高。A. weight重量；B. place地方；C. height高度；D. quality质量。根据后文“we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are us from going higher.”可知，此处用风筝的高度比喻人生高度，与后文“go higher”呼应。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们生活的这个高度，我们常常认为有一些东西束缚着我们，阻止我们飞得更高。A. preventing阻止；B. banning禁止；C. protecting保护；D. tracking追踪。根据前文“we often think there are some things we are tied to”以及后文“us from going higher.”可知，此处指一些东西阻止我们飞得更高，prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：线并没有阻止风筝飞得更高，而是当风速减慢时帮助它保持在高空，当风速加快时，你通过线帮助风筝朝正确的方向飞得更高。A. raised up举起；B. set up建立；C. speeded up加速；D. put up张贴。根据后文“you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread”可知，此处指风速加快时风筝更容易升高。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们剪断线时，风筝在没有你通过线提供的支撑的情况下掉了下来。A. trust信任；B. evidence证据；C. flight飞行；D. support支撑。根据前文“but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down”可知，线给风筝提供了支撑，与后文家人的支持呼应。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们觉得如果我们不被家庭、家所束缚，我们就能迅速进步，达到新的高度。A. progress进步；B. attach依附；C. absorb吸收；D. propose提议。根据后文“reach new heights”可知，此处指迅速进步。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们没有意识到，我们的家人、我们所爱的人用他们的支持帮助我们度过生活中的艰难时期，并鼓励我们在生活中达到更高的高度。A. promise承诺；B. attempt尝试；C. happen发生；D. fail失败，未能(做到)。根据前文转折词“But”及后文“to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life”可知，此处指我们没有意识到家人的支持对我们的重要性，fail to do sth.“未能做某事”。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不是在束缚我们，而是在支持我们。A. bullying欺负；B. laughing嘲笑；C. holding握住，束缚；D. pushing推。根据前文“The thread was not holding the kite from going higher”及“Sometimes we feel that we can quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home.”可知，与前文“holding the kite”呼应，此处表示束缚、拖住。故选C。 第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 11. Suddenly, I felt myself quickly _________ (draw) up to the surface of the sea.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】drawn 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：突然，我感觉自己被迅速地拉到了海面。空处是非谓语动词，作宾语myself的补足语，draw和myself之间是被动关系，应用过去分词drawn作宾补。故填drawn。 12. He ________ (remain) completely silent about the secret ever since that day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has remained 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：从那天起，他就对这个秘密一直保持完全沉默。根据ever since that day可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，用现在完成时，又因为主语He是第三人称单数，助动词用has，remain的过去分词是remained。故填has remained。 13. The janitor found him ________ (lie) in the bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天早上，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，痛苦不堪。空处是非谓语动词，作宾语him的补足语，lie与him之间是主动关系，且此处表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词形式lying作宾补。故填lying。 14. It is still unknown ________ will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：随着“中中”和“华华”的长大，会发生什么事仍然不得而知。空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“什么”之意，所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填what。 15. Johnsy lay, barely moving, in her bed ________ (stare) at a blank wall under her blanket. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】staring 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Johnsy躺在床上，盖着毯子，几乎一动不动，盯着一面空白的墙。空处是非谓语动词，作伴随状语，Johnsy和stare之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词staring表主动。故填staring。 16. People with high EQs are less likely ________ (trouble) by internal problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be troubled 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：情商高的人不太可能被内心问题困扰。固定结构be likely to do sth.（有可能做某事），主语People与动词trouble为被动关系，需用不定式的被动形式to be done；trouble的过去分词为troubled。故填to be troubled。 17. She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from ________ she was cloned. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她活了六年半，只有提供她克隆基因的那只羊寿命的一半。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the sheep，指物，介词后关系代词用which。故填which。 18. There ________ (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在他们最终成功地找到克隆猴子的方法之前，已经有很多次失败了。提示词是“There be句型”中谓语动词，结合时间状语“before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时态had been。故填had been。 19. Jobs and occupations come and go ________ an amazing pace these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】at 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：如今，工作和职业以惊人的速度来来去去。介词短语at...pace，表示“以……的速度”，是固定搭配。故填at。 20. ________ (compare) to students who has not been involved in the study, they also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Compared 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与没有参与研究的学生相比，他们也更能理解残疾学生的感受。短语be compared to表示“比较”，此处省略be动词，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Compared。 第三节 选词填空 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空选取所给词或短语的适当形式填空。 wander deserve submit strike rare in comparison with be bound to consist of in terms of take it for granted 21. The committee decided to ________ the final report to the board of directors by Friday afternoon. 22. Although they live in the same city, they ________meet each other due to their busy schedules. 23. We often ________ that our parents will always be there to support us. 24. ________cost, this project is much more efficient than the previous one, although it took longer to complete. 25. If you keep driving without taking a break, you ________ feel exhausted very soon. 26. The ancient temple ________ three main halls and a large courtyard in the center. 27. After working overtime for a month straight, she felt she truly ________ a long vacation. 28. While walking through the forest, I was suddenly ________ by the beauty of the sunlight filtering through the trees. 29. ________ last year’s sales figures, our performance this quarter has improved significantly. 30. Don’t let your mind ________ during the exam; focus strictly on the questions in front of you. 【答案】21. submit 22. rarely 23. take it for granted 24. In terms of 25. will be bound to 26. consists of 27. deserved 28. struck 29. In comparison with 30. wander 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：委员会决定在周五下午之前将最终报告提交给董事会。空格处需要填入一个动词，与“the final report”和“to the board of directors”构成合理的动宾关系。submit意为“提交”，符合句意，表示将报告提交给董事会。故选submit。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管他们住在同一个城市，但由于日程繁忙，他们很少见面。空格处需要填入一个副词来修饰动词“meet”，表示见面的频率。rare意为“稀少的”，其副词形式rarely表示“很少”，符合句意。故选rarely。 【23题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我们常常想当然地认为父母会一直在我们身边支持我们。空take it for granted意为“想当然地认为”，符合句意，表示我们认为父母的支持是理所当然的。故选take it for granted。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：就成本而言，这个项目比前一个项目效率高得多，尽管完成它花了更长的时间。in terms of意为“就……而言”，符合句意，表示就成本方面进行比较。故选In terms of。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：如果你一直开车不休息，你很快就会感到筋疲力尽。be bound to意为“必然，一定会”，符合句意，表示如果你一直开车不休息，你必然会感到筋疲力尽。根据语境可知，此处描述的是将来的情况，应用一般将来时。故选will be bound to。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这座古庙由三个主殿和一个中心大庭院组成。consist of意为“由……组成”，符合句意，表示古庙由三个主殿和一个中心大庭院组成。主语The ancient temple为单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选consists of。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：连续加班一个月后，她觉得自己真的应该放个长假了。deserve意为“应得，值得”，符合句意。根据上文felt可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时。故选deserved。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我穿过森林时，我突然被阳光透过树叶的美景所打动。strike意为“打动，使印象深刻”，符合句意，表示“我”被阳光透过树叶的美景所打动。根据上文I was suddenly可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，且此处为被动语态，应填strike的过去分词struck。故选struck。 【29题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：与去年的销售数据相比，我们本季度的业绩有了显著提高。in comparison with意为“与……相比”，符合句意，表示与去年的销售数据相比，句首单词首字母大写。故选In comparison with。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：考试时不要让你的思绪游离；严格专注于你面前的问题。wander意为“游离，漫步”，符合句意，表示不要让思绪在考试时游离。let sb./sth. do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词原形。故选wander。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Coastal Discovery Science Camp Located on the rocky coast of northern California, the Coastal Discovery Science Camp (CDSC) gives pre-college students a rewarding firsthand taste of outdoor learning. Participants live and study on site, taking classes led by experienced teachers and field scientists while having access to labs, research boats, and tide-pool study areas. Courses will cover environmental science, ocean exploration, coastal ecology and more. Programs Information Middle school program High school program Minimum age 13 15 Grades 6 — 8 9 — 12 Dates June 28 — July 4 June 20 — 26 Program fee $3,840 $3,940 Coastal Discovery Science Camp does not provide transportation to Seabrook, CA or to the coastal field station. This includes rides to and from airports, train stations, and other public transportation stops. A parent or guardian must bring the student to the camp on arrival day. What’s Included All meals and on-site housing during the program; classes 9:00 a.m. — 4:00 p.m. each day taught by professional instructors and teaching assistants; all textbooks and lab materials; guest lectures; entrance fees and transportation for field trips; college pathways workshops and other club activities; evening and weekend social events; guided visits to nearby colleges and use of sports and recreation equipment. Courses Course Time Location Real-time Status Coastal Ecosystems: An Artistic and Scientific Exploration of Life Along the Shoreline 9:00 a.m. —4:00 p.m. Coastal Discovery Field Lab Open-limited seats 31. Which service is offered by CDSC? A. On-site housing during the program. B. 24-hour online tutoring after camp. C. Door-to-door pick-up service. D. Free air tickets to Seabrook. 32. What do the two programs have in common? A. They both accept students in Grade 8. B. They last the same number of days. C. They provide sufficient open seats. D. They have the same program fees. 33. What is special about this camp according to the text? A. It facilitates admission to university. B. It features students’ all-round growth. C. It stresses the ability to survive outdoors. D. It allows students to learn in coastal environments. 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了北加州海岸探索科学营的概况、初高中项目信息。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据What’s Included部分“All meals and on-site housing during the program(整个项目期间的所有餐饮以及住宿安排)”可知，CDSC在项目期间提供住宿服务。故选A。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据Programs Information部分“Dates: June 28 — July 4; June 20 — 26 (日期：6月28日至7月4日；6月20日至26日)”可知，两个项目持续的天数相同。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Located on the rocky coast of northern California, the Coastal Discovery Science Camp (CDSC) gives pre-college students a rewarding firsthand taste of outdoor learning. Participants live and study on site, taking classes led by experienced teachers and field scientists while having access to labs, research boats, and tide-pool study areas. Courses will cover environmental science, ocean exploration, coastal ecology and more.(海岸探索科学营（CDSC）位于加利福尼亚州北部的岩石海岸边，为大学预科生提供了一次宝贵而真实的户外学习体验。参与者在校内生活和学习，由经验丰富的教师和科研人员授课，同时还能使用实验室、研究船和潮池研究区域。课程内容将涵盖环境科学、海洋探索、海岸生态学等)”可知，这个营地能让学生在沿海环境中学习。故选D。 B Like many people in New Zealand, Emma Lewis grew up knowing little about her country’s national game — rugby, other than watching some neighbours pass the ball around on a muddy field. It was only when her two kids started playing rugby as part of their training for netball that she really took notice. Her son, Ben, went on to do very well in rugby and now plays for the Wellington Waves in a national youth rugby league. Both came up through the Harbour Junior Rugby Club (HJRC), in the Wellington area, which has been around since 1905. When the number of players in the kids’ teams began falling in 2019, Ms. Lewis, who runs a small cafe in Wellington, volunteered to help. She offered to sponsor the “Tiny Ferns” program, which introduced kids aged 7 and 8 to the game. Thanks to her sponsorship, more than 80 kids play for free each autumn for eight weeks. They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a soft rugby ball and a green shirt. “They are taught to catch, pass, run and score in a non-contact setting,” she said. “You get them running around. You get them off their devices. It is our national game, so you let them feel it. And sure enough, they enjoy it.” To fund the program, Ms. Lewis came up with a new idea. She started looking around her neighbourhood for old appliances, metal and electronic items such as broken toasters, laptops and cell phones. She sorted the material behind her cafe and sold it to a local recycling centre. “People now bring their old electronics and metal to the back door,” she said. The recycling brings in around $15,000 a year, which covers the cost of the rugby program. Ms. Lewis said watching the kids play has given her a lot of happiness. Not only is far less rubbish going to landfill, she said, but “we’ve also got kids who are out on the field, not sitting in front of a phone.” 34. What can we learn about Emma’s early experience with rugby? A. She knew little about the game. B. She was trained by a famous coach. C. She enjoyed watching rugby games. D. She joined matches with her neighbours. 35. The main purpose of the “Tiny Ferns” program is to _________. A. raise money for the HJRC B. teach kids how to use rugby equipment C. help young kids enjoy rugby in a safer way D. provide more kids with opportunities to play rugby 36. How did Emma obtain funds for the program? A. By charging participation fees. B. By collecting and selling used items. C. By organizing charity matches. D. By raising money from the community. 37. What can we learn about the program’s impact? A. It made rugby a national game. B. It promoted community inclusion. C. It reduced screen time for kids. D. It created jobs for the local residents. 【答案】34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Emma Lewis 通过赞助儿童曲棍球项目Tiny Ferns并创新回收筹款方式，既推广了新西兰国球运动，又减少了儿童屏幕时间的故事。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Like many people in New Zealand, Emma Lewis grew up knowing little about her country’s national game — rugby, other than watching some neighbours pass the ball around on a muddy field.(和新西兰的许多民众一样，艾玛·刘易斯从小对本国的国家运动——橄榄球知之甚少——只知道曾看到一些邻居在泥泞的场地上传球嬉戏)”可知，艾玛早期对橄榄球这项运动知之甚少。故选A。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Thanks to her sponsorship, more than 80 kids play for free each autumn for eight weeks.(多亏了她的资助，每年秋天会有超过80名孩子可以免费参加为期八周的活动)”可知，项目的主要目的是为更多孩子提供参与橄榄球运动的机会。故选D。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“She started looking around her neighbourhood for old appliances, metal and electronic items such as broken toasters, laptops and cell phones. She sorted the material behind her cafe and sold it to a local recycling centre.(她开始在自己居住的小区里四处寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，比如坏掉的烤面包机、笔记本电脑和手机。她把咖啡馆后面的这些废旧物资整理分类，然后卖给了当地的回收中心)”可知，艾玛通过收集并出售二手物品为这个项目筹集资金。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Not only is far less rubbish going to landfill, she said, but “we’ve also got kids who are out on the field, not sitting in front of a phone.”(她说，不仅垃圾的填埋量大幅减少，而且“孩子们也都在户外活动，而不是坐在手机前面。”)”可知，项目显著减少了儿童屏幕时间。故选C。 C Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. Instead of processing every detail from the beginning, our brains constantly make models of the world and guess what we will see, hear, or feel next. The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error”— is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. This efficient system explains why we can easily recognize a friend’s face in a crowd or understand a sentence even with background noise. However, this smart efficiency comes with cognitive trade-offs. A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle”— was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. The effects go beyond optical illusions (视觉幻觉) into social cognition. Research shows that stereotypes and cultural expectations work as powerful prior beliefs within the predictive coding system. When we meet someone from a group we have ideas about, our brain may reduce prediction errors by ignoring information that goes against our expectations, thereby making stronger pre-existing biases. This neural way of working provides a physical basis for “confirmation bias,” showing how our search for cognitive efficiency can accidentally continue social misunderstandings. Importantly, the brain’s predictive system is not a fixed fate. Neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) makes sure that with continued, attention-driven contact to new and opposite evidence, the brain’s models can be changed. This is the scientific basis of learning and mindfulness practices. By purposely paying attention to prediction errors — those moments when reality surprises us — we can make our internal models change, leading to more correct perceptions and less prejudice. Thus, predictive coding not only explains the beginnings of our biases but also shows a way toward overcoming them, describing the mind as a changing, changeable system rather than a fixed recorder of reality. 38. According to the predictive coding theory, the primary function of the “prediction error” is to _________. A. generate entirely new sensory models from scratch B. create persistent illusions that dominate our perception C. act as the main source of sensory information the brain receives D. serve as the only signal for the brain to correct its internal predictions 39. The experiment involving the unclear bicycle image is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. the superiority of human visual processing B. how prior beliefs can change perceptual judgment C. the difficulty in recognizing uncommon objects D. the complete unreliability of human senses 40. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality B. The Passive Brain: A Receiver of Information C. The End of Stereotypes: A Neuroscience Perspective D. Sensory Overload: The Brain’s Processing Challenge 【答案】38. D 39. B 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预测编码理论，该理论认为大脑是一个主动的“预测机器”，通过预测与实际感官输入之间的差异来不断调整和优化其内部模型，同时探讨了这一理论在认知偏差、社会认知以及神经可塑性方面的应用和影响。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error” — is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. (这些预测与实际感官输入之间的差异——被称为“预测误差”——是大脑改变其内部模型所需的唯一信息。)”可知，根据预测编码理论，“预测误差”的主要功能是作为大脑修正其内部预测的唯一信号。故选D项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle” — was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. (预测编码理论的核心观点认为，感知本质上是一种受控的虚假影像，深受我们既有信念的影响。这种机制可能导致固有的认知偏差。例如，在一个著名实验中，参与者观看了一张模糊的自行车图片后，更容易错误地识别出类似但实际未出现的物体(如独轮车)。这是因为他们大脑基于“带轮交通工具”这一常见概念作出的预测，比模糊的感官输入更加强烈。这类发现挑战了“感知如同客观摄像机”的简单观点，转而揭示出我们所“看见”的其实是神经系统作出的最佳推测。)”可知，参与者因大脑基于“带轮子的车辆”这一常见概念进行预测，而更可能错误识别独轮车。这个例子是为了说明先前的信念(如常见概念)如何改变知觉判断。故选B项。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. (预测编码，这一最初在神经科学和机器学习领域发展起来的理论，正在改变我们对人类大脑的理解。它提出大脑不是感官信息的简单接收者，而是一个主动的“预测机器”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了预测编码理论，核心观点是大脑通过主动预测(而非被动接收)来构建我们对现实的感知(perception)，并详细阐述了这一过程如何运作、可能带来的偏见以及改变的可能性。A项“Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality (预测与感知：大脑如何构建现实)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 41. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 42. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans 43. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 44. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimone大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合第二段的“Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them.（当一个人的个人利益——家庭、友谊、经济或社会因素——可能会损害他或她在工作场所的判断、决定或行动时，利益冲突(COIs)就会发生，考虑如何管理这些利益对职业生涯来说是很有意义的）”以及下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述推知，第一段提到DeSimone的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.（研究人员应该揭示学术生活的各个方面潜在的或存在的冲突）”可知，为了更好的应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”（甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，那些个人与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避:‘如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。’）”可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies.（塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt警告称，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。沃尔特说，在实验室里开发出一项技术，然后把它转移到他们公司的研究人员，在他们的学生看来可能会产生利益冲突。但通过起草一份许可协议，禁止将发现自动转让给调查人员的公司，就可以避免潜在的冲突。沃尔特这样做是为了让他的学生相信，他们实际上并不是在为他的私人公司工作）”推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) Have you ever seen a duck gracefully floating on a pond? While it appears peaceful above the water, its feet are paddling fast to stay afloat underneath. This contrast illustrates “floating duck syndrome”, a term that describes the tendency for people to mask their internal stress and struggles behind an appearance of outward success and calm. ___45___ Just like ducks, they attempt to present an image of accomplishment while struggling with internal stress. Underneath the calm appearance, there is anxiety, self-doubt, and the persistent pursuit of achievement. This is a struggle hidden from casual observation but keenly felt by those who experience it firsthand. Modern life demands a constant handling of responsibilities across school, work, family, and leisure. Therefore, individuals try to be outstanding in multiple areas while covering up their struggles, leading to their hard work and sufferings going unnoticed. ___46___ Through this disconnection between perception and reality, the pressure to appear effortlessly successful becomes obvious. When we underestimate the challenges of success, we find ourselves stretched thin across a large number of tasks. ___47___ Although this strategy might have apparent victories, it ultimately leaves us with many unmet expectations. Floating duck syndrome can have concerning impacts on our well-being and connectedness. ___48___ This internalization of struggle not only adds weight to our burdens but also separates us from potential sources of support. We may cheat ourselves into believing that we must deal with our challenges alone, without needing help from others. This only makes it harder to cope effectively and denies us the opportunity to connect genuinely with others. The idea of easy success hides a deeper truth. ___49___ By accepting our weakness and acknowledging these efforts, we promote a culture of openness and care — one where seeking help is not viewed as a sign of weakness, but rather as a courageous step forward. A. It is like jokers trying to keep several balls in the air at once. B. To keep a capable appearance, we may lock the stress away from public view. C. So we usually mistakenly believe that achievements come easily to others. D. These findings highlight our tendency to cover up visible signs of struggle. E. Floating duck syndrome is particularly common among high-achieving people. F. True achievements often require us to accept the hard work behind them. G. We may feel pressured to present an outward image of competence and strength. 【答案】45. E 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“浮鸭综合征”这一概念，揭示人们如何在外表平静与成功的伪装下隐藏内心的压力和挣扎，并强调真正的成就需要承认背后的辛勤付出而非假装轻松。 【45题详解】 前文“This contrast illustrates “floating duck syndrome”, a term that describes the tendency for people to mask their internal stress and struggles behind an appearance of outward success and calm. (这种差异揭示了“浮鸭综合征”这一概念，该术语指的是人们往往会将自身内心的紧张与挣扎隐藏起来，而以表面上的成功与平静的形象来掩盖这一切。)”引入“浮鸭综合征”的概念，后文“Just like ducks, they attempt to present an image of accomplishment while struggling with internal stress. Underneath the calm appearance, there is anxiety, self-doubt, and the persistent pursuit of achievement. (就像鸭子一样，他们试图展现出一种成功的形象，但内心却在承受着巨大的压力。在看似平静的外表之下，隐藏着焦虑、自我怀疑以及对成功的不懈追求。)”描述类似浮鸭的一类人群的具体行为表现，空处应进一步说明“浮鸭综合征”在哪些人群中常见，因此E项“Floating duck syndrome is particularly common among high-achieving people. (“浮鸭综合征”在成功人士中尤其常见。)”符合语境，承接前文的概念，引出后文的具体描述，其中的high-achieving people是后文they指代的对象。故选E。 【46题详解】 前文“Therefore, individuals try to be outstanding in multiple areas while covering up their struggles, leading to their hard work and sufferings going unnoticed. (因此，人们试图在多个方面都表现出色，同时又掩盖自己的困境，结果导致他们的辛勤付出和所遭受的痛苦无人知晓。)”描述试图表现优秀的人会掩盖自己的付出和痛苦，后文“Through this disconnection between perception and reality, the pressure to appear effortlessly successful becomes obvious. (由于感知与现实之间的这种脱节，人们急于表现得毫不费力地成功的这种压力便显得格外明显。)”指出感知与现实的脱节导致的问题，空处应说明这种脱节的具体表现是什么，因此C项“So we usually mistakenly believe that achievements come easily to others. (所以我们通常错误地认为成就对他人来说是容易的。)”符合语境，表明掩盖行为导致了错误认知，和前文的掩盖构成因果关系，引出后文的问题。故选C。 【47题详解】 前文“When we underestimate the challenges of success, we find ourselves stretched thin across a large number of tasks. (当我们低估了成功的重重困难时，就会发现自己在众多任务中疲于奔命，力不从心。)”描述人们因低估困难而疲于应付多个任务，后文“Although this strategy might have apparent victories, it ultimately leaves us with many unmet expectations. (尽管这种策略可能短期内取得了显著成效，但最终却让我们面临诸多未达成的期望。)”指出这种策略导致的后果，因此A项“It is like jokers trying to keep several balls in the air at once. (这就像小丑试图同时让几个球保持在空中。)”符合语境，用形象的比喻揭示同时处理多项任务的困难，承接前文的描述，引出后文的后果。故选A。 【48题详解】 前文“Floating duck syndrome can have concerning impacts on our well-being and connectedness. (“浮鸭综合征”可能会对我们自身的健康状况以及人际关系产生不利影响。)”总的指出“浮鸭综合征”对健康状况及人际关系有不利影响，后文“This internalization of struggle not only adds weight to our burdens but also separates us from potential sources of support. (这种对挣扎的内化不仅加重了我们的负担，还使我们与可能的支援来源渐行渐远。)”提到对挣扎的内化的负面影响，空处应描述对挣扎的内化的具体表现，因此B项“To keep a capable appearance, we may lock the stress away from public view. (为了保持能干的外表，我们可能将压力锁在公众视野之外。)”符合语境，承接前文总的影响，引出后文具体的负面影响，其中的public view和后文的internalization形成对比。故选B。 【49题详解】 前文“The idea of easy success hides a deeper truth. (“轻而易举就能成功”的这种想法背后隐藏着更深层次的真相。)”引出更深层次的真相，后文“By accepting our weakness and acknowledging these efforts, we promote a culture of openness and care — one where seeking help is not viewed as a sign of weakness, but rather as a courageous step forward. (通过承认自身的弱点并认可这些努力，我们能够营造出一种开放和关爱的氛围——在这种氛围中，寻求帮助不再被视为软弱的表现，而被视为勇敢向前迈进的一步。)”建议承认弱点并认可努力，在开放和关爱的氛围中寻求帮助，空处应揭示该真相，因此F项“True achievements often require us to accept the hard work behind them. (真正的成就通常要求我们接受其背后的辛勤工作。)”符合语境，承接前文的真相，引出后文的认可努力。故选F。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Liberal Arts’ Hidden Value If you have to pick one, who do you think made greater contributions to the world: physicist Isaac Newton or philosopher Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision. But when choosing a major in college, the line between the two areas couldn’t be clearer. Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job. But perhaps we should look at liberal arts studies in another way to understand its value. In the documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries to appreciate human creativity, such as the Great Wall and the Pyramids. To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. By comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial line” between the two, said Loretta Jackson, an associate professor at Rhodes College in Memphis, US. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was an outstanding scientist and painter. He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, which perfectly shows proportions (比例) of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who is an engineer and also an artist. He summarized the relationship between science and arts: “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.” 50. Why is science more attractive when students choose a major in college? 51. According to Simon Schama, what is the value of liberal arts in human civilization? 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 53. What major will you choose in college? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) 【答案】50. Because it offers many opportunities. 51. The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. 52. Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 53. I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是人文学科的潜在价值。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富)”可知，学生在大学选择专业时，科学更有吸引力是因为它提供了很多机会，即Because it offers many opportunities。故答案为Because it offers many opportunities。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire.(对主持人之一Simon Schama来说，人类文明不仅与技术有关，还与人文艺术或创造东西有关，这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏)”可知，西蒙·沙玛认为，人文学科在人类文明中的价值是这些东西能留下一个人的存在印记，供未来的人类见证和欣赏，答案为“The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire”，故答案为The value of liberal arts in human civilization lies in the fact that it leaves a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.(在苹果的DNA中，只有技术是不够的，只有技术与人文艺术结合，才能让我们的心歌唱)”可知，Steve Jobs的意思是技术和人文艺术要结合，而没有说谁比谁更重要，因此错误的部分是“played a more important role”。故答案为Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job.(科学专业，如技术、工程、数学，被认为是更实际的选择，因为机会丰富，而那些选择文科专业(语言、音乐、哲学)的人可能更难找到工作)”及个人想法可知，在大学我会选择科学专业，因为它提供了很多机会，能让我在毕业后找到一份好工作。如果我选择文科专业，有可能找不到工作，故答案为I will choose science majors in college, because it offers many opportunities and enables me to find a good job after graduation. If I choose liberal arts majors, it is possible that I won’t find jobs。 第二节 书面表达(20 分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。世界读书日即将到来，你的外国好友Jim正在开展主题为“信息时代中学生如何阅读”的项目式学习，他发来邮件对你进行访谈。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 信息时代对阅读的影响； 2. 你的阅读方式和理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you for inviting me to share my thoughts on reading in the information age. The digital age reshapes reading profoundly. While e-books and online articles offer instant access to global knowledge, fragmented information and digital distractions hinder deep reading. To adapt, I blend digital and traditional methods. For quick updates, I read e-books on my phone for convenience. Yet, for serious learning, I choose paper books — they boost focus and memory without screen interruptions. I also allocate daily screen-free reading time to avoid distractions. This hybrid strategy balances efficiency with thoughtful engagement. Hope it aids your project! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给外国好友Jim回复一封邮件，谈谈信息时代对阅读的影响以及自己的阅读方式和理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提供：offer→ provide 深刻地：profoundly→ deeply 获得：access→ gain 分配：allocate→ assign 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：The digital age reshapes reading profoundly. 拓展句：It is the digital age that reshapes reading profoundly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While e-books and online articles offer instant access to global knowledge, fragmented information and digital distractions hinder deep reading. （运用了While引导的让步状语从句） 【高分句型2】Hope it aids your project! （运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026 第二学期 3 月学情调研 高二英语试卷 本试卷共 10 页，共 100 分。考试时长 95 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用 (共三节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A father and son went to the kite flying festival. The young son became very happy seeing the sky filled with colorful kites. He asked his father to get him a kite and a thread with a roller so he could fly a kite too. So, the father went to the shop at the park where the festival was being held. He purchased kites and a roll of thread for his son. The son started to fly a kite. Soon, his kite ____1____ high up in the sky. The son said, “Father, it seems that the thread is holding up a kite from flying higher. If we cut off the thread, the kite will be ____2____ and will go flying even higher. Can we cut it off?” So, the father cut the thread from a roller. The kite started to go a little higher. That made the son very ____3____. But then, slowly, the kite started to come down. And soon it fell down on the terrace of the unknown building. The young son was surprised and asked his father, “Father, I thought that after cutting off the thread, the kite could freely fly higher. But why did it fall down?” The father explained, “Son, at the ____4____ of life that we live in, we often think there are some things we are tied to and that they are ____5____ us from going higher. The thread was not holding the kite from going higher, but it was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind ____6____, you helped the kite go up higher in a proper direction through the thread. And when we cut the thread, it fell down without the ____7____ you were providing for the kite through the thread.” The son realized his mistake. Sometimes we feel that we can ____8____ quickly and reach new heights if we were not tied up with our family, our home. But we ____9____ to realize that our family, our loved ones help us survive the tough time in our lives with their support and encourage us to reach higher heights in life. They are not ____10____ us, but are supporting us. Never let go of them. 1. A. arrived B. reached C. returned D. left 2. A. free B. light C. tight D. loose 3. A. upset B. anxious C. happy D. depressed 4. A. weight B. place C. height D. quality 5. A. preventing B. banning C. protecting D. tracking 6. A. raised up B. set up C. speeded up D. put up 7. A. trust B. evidence C. flight D. support 8. A. progress B. attach C. absorb D. propose 9. A. promise B. attempt C. happen D. fail 10. A. bullying B. laughing C. holding D. pushing 第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 11. Suddenly, I felt myself quickly _________ (draw) up to the surface of the sea.(所给词的适当形式填空) 12. He ________ (remain) completely silent about the secret ever since that day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13. The janitor found him ________ (lie) in the bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14. It is still unknown ________ will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15. Johnsy lay, barely moving, in her bed ________ (stare) at a blank wall under her blanket. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16. People with high EQs are less likely ________ (trouble) by internal problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from ________ she was cloned. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18. There ________ (be) a number of failures before they eventually found a way to clone a monkey successfully. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19. Jobs and occupations come and go ________ an amazing pace these days. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. ________ (compare) to students who has not been involved in the study, they also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 第三节 选词填空 (共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下列句子，根据内容填空选取所给词或短语的适当形式填空。 wander deserve submit strike rare in comparison with be bound to consist of in terms of take it for granted 21. The committee decided to ________ the final report to the board of directors by Friday afternoon. 22. Although they live in the same city, they ________meet each other due to their busy schedules. 23. We often ________ that our parents will always be there to support us. 24. ________cost, this project is much more efficient than the previous one, although it took longer to complete. 25. If you keep driving without taking a break, you ________ feel exhausted very soon. 26. The ancient temple ________ three main halls and a large courtyard in the center. 27. After working overtime for a month straight, she felt she truly ________ a long vacation. 28. While walking through the forest, I was suddenly ________ by the beauty of the sunlight filtering through the trees. 29. ________ last year’s sales figures, our performance this quarter has improved significantly. 30. Don’t let your mind ________ during the exam; focus strictly on the questions in front of you. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Coastal Discovery Science Camp Located on the rocky coast of northern California, the Coastal Discovery Science Camp (CDSC) gives pre-college students a rewarding firsthand taste of outdoor learning. Participants live and study on site, taking classes led by experienced teachers and field scientists while having access to labs, research boats, and tide-pool study areas. Courses will cover environmental science, ocean exploration, coastal ecology and more. Programs Information Middle school program High school program Minimum age 13 15 Grades 6 — 8 9 — 12 Dates June 28 — July 4 June 20 — 26 Program fee $3,840 $3,940 Coastal Discovery Science Camp does not provide transportation to Seabrook, CA or to the coastal field station. This includes rides to and from airports, train stations, and other public transportation stops. A parent or guardian must bring the student to the camp on arrival day. What’s Included All meals and on-site housing during the program; classes 9:00 a.m. — 4:00 p.m. each day taught by professional instructors and teaching assistants; all textbooks and lab materials; guest lectures; entrance fees and transportation for field trips; college pathways workshops and other club activities; evening and weekend social events; guided visits to nearby colleges and use of sports and recreation equipment. Courses Course Time Location Real-time Status Coastal Ecosystems: An Artistic and Scientific Exploration of Life Along the Shoreline 9:00 a.m. —4:00 p.m. Coastal Discovery Field Lab Open-limited seats 31. Which service is offered by CDSC? A. On-site housing during the program. B. 24-hour online tutoring after camp. C. Door-to-door pick-up service. D. Free air tickets to Seabrook. 32. What do the two programs have in common? A. They both accept students in Grade 8. B. They last the same number of days. C. They provide sufficient open seats. D. They have the same program fees. 33. What is special about this camp according to the text? A. It facilitates admission to university. B. It features students’ all-round growth. C. It stresses the ability to survive outdoors. D. It allows students to learn in coastal environments. B Like many people in New Zealand, Emma Lewis grew up knowing little about her country’s national game — rugby, other than watching some neighbours pass the ball around on a muddy field. It was only when her two kids started playing rugby as part of their training for netball that she really took notice. Her son, Ben, went on to do very well in rugby and now plays for the Wellington Waves in a national youth rugby league. Both came up through the Harbour Junior Rugby Club (HJRC), in the Wellington area, which has been around since 1905. When the number of players in the kids’ teams began falling in 2019, Ms. Lewis, who runs a small cafe in Wellington, volunteered to help. She offered to sponsor the “Tiny Ferns” program, which introduced kids aged 7 and 8 to the game. Thanks to her sponsorship, more than 80 kids play for free each autumn for eight weeks. They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a soft rugby ball and a green shirt. “They are taught to catch, pass, run and score in a non-contact setting,” she said. “You get them running around. You get them off their devices. It is our national game, so you let them feel it. And sure enough, they enjoy it.” To fund the program, Ms. Lewis came up with a new idea. She started looking around her neighbourhood for old appliances, metal and electronic items such as broken toasters, laptops and cell phones. She sorted the material behind her cafe and sold it to a local recycling centre. “People now bring their old electronics and metal to the back door,” she said. The recycling brings in around $15,000 a year, which covers the cost of the rugby program. Ms. Lewis said watching the kids play has given her a lot of happiness. Not only is far less rubbish going to landfill, she said, but “we’ve also got kids who are out on the field, not sitting in front of a phone.” 34. What can we learn about Emma’s early experience with rugby? A. She knew little about the game. B. She was trained by a famous coach. C. She enjoyed watching rugby games. D. She joined matches with her neighbours. 35. The main purpose of the “Tiny Ferns” program is to _________. A. raise money for the HJRC B. teach kids how to use rugby equipment C. help young kids enjoy rugby in a safer way D. provide more kids with opportunities to play rugby 36. How did Emma obtain funds for the program? A. By charging participation fees. B. By collecting and selling used items. C. By organizing charity matches. D. By raising money from the community. 37. What can we learn about the program’s impact? A. It made rugby a national game. B. It promoted community inclusion. C. It reduced screen time for kids. D. It created jobs for the local residents. C Predictive coding, a theory originally developed in neuroscience and machine learning, is changing our understanding of the human brain. It proposes that the brain is not a simple receiver of sensory information but an active “prediction machine”. Instead of processing every detail from the beginning, our brains constantly make models of the world and guess what we will see, hear, or feel next. The difference between these predictions and the actual sensory input — termed the “prediction error”— is the only information the brain needs to change its internal models. This efficient system explains why we can easily recognize a friend’s face in a crowd or understand a sentence even with background noise. However, this smart efficiency comes with cognitive trade-offs. A core idea of predictive coding is that perception is in its nature a controlled false image, heavily shaped by what we already believe. This can lead to built-in biases. For instance, in a famous experiment, participants shown a not clear image of a bicycle were later more likely to wrongly recognize similar but not present objects like unicycles, because their brain’s prediction — based on the common idea “wheeled vehicle”— was stronger than the unclear sensory data. Such findings challenge the simple view of perception as an objective camera, suggesting instead that what we “see” is a best guess made by our neural system. The effects go beyond optical illusions (视觉幻觉) into social cognition. Research shows that stereotypes and cultural expectations work as powerful prior beliefs within the predictive coding system. When we meet someone from a group we have ideas about, our brain may reduce prediction errors by ignoring information that goes against our expectations, thereby making stronger pre-existing biases. This neural way of working provides a physical basis for “confirmation bias,” showing how our search for cognitive efficiency can accidentally continue social misunderstandings. Importantly, the brain’s predictive system is not a fixed fate. Neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) makes sure that with continued, attention-driven contact to new and opposite evidence, the brain’s models can be changed. This is the scientific basis of learning and mindfulness practices. By purposely paying attention to prediction errors — those moments when reality surprises us — we can make our internal models change, leading to more correct perceptions and less prejudice. Thus, predictive coding not only explains the beginnings of our biases but also shows a way toward overcoming them, describing the mind as a changing, changeable system rather than a fixed recorder of reality. 38. According to the predictive coding theory, the primary function of the “prediction error” is to _________. A. generate entirely new sensory models from scratch B. create persistent illusions that dominate our perception C. act as the main source of sensory information the brain receives D. serve as the only signal for the brain to correct its internal predictions 39. The experiment involving the unclear bicycle image is mentioned to illustrate _________. A. the superiority of human visual processing B. how prior beliefs can change perceptual judgment C. the difficulty in recognizing uncommon objects D. the complete unreliability of human senses 40. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Prediction and Perception: How the Brain Constructs Reality B. The Passive Brain: A Receiver of Information C. The End of Stereotypes: A Neuroscience Perspective D. Sensory Overload: The Brain’s Processing Challenge D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 41. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 42. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans 43. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 44. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) Have you ever seen a duck gracefully floating on a pond? While it appears peaceful above the water, its feet are paddling fast to stay afloat underneath. This contrast illustrates “floating duck syndrome”, a term that describes the tendency for people to mask their internal stress and struggles behind an appearance of outward success and calm. ___45___ Just like ducks, they attempt to present an image of accomplishment while struggling with internal stress. Underneath the calm appearance, there is anxiety, self-doubt, and the persistent pursuit of achievement. This is a struggle hidden from casual observation but keenly felt by those who experience it firsthand. Modern life demands a constant handling of responsibilities across school, work, family, and leisure. Therefore, individuals try to be outstanding in multiple areas while covering up their struggles, leading to their hard work and sufferings going unnoticed. ___46___ Through this disconnection between perception and reality, the pressure to appear effortlessly successful becomes obvious. When we underestimate the challenges of success, we find ourselves stretched thin across a large number of tasks. ___47___ Although this strategy might have apparent victories, it ultimately leaves us with many unmet expectations. Floating duck syndrome can have concerning impacts on our well-being and connectedness. ___48___ This internalization of struggle not only adds weight to our burdens but also separates us from potential sources of support. We may cheat ourselves into believing that we must deal with our challenges alone, without needing help from others. This only makes it harder to cope effectively and denies us the opportunity to connect genuinely with others. The idea of easy success hides a deeper truth. ___49___ By accepting our weakness and acknowledging these efforts, we promote a culture of openness and care — one where seeking help is not viewed as a sign of weakness, but rather as a courageous step forward. A. It is like jokers trying to keep several balls in the air at once. B. To keep a capable appearance, we may lock the stress away from public view. C. So we usually mistakenly believe that achievements come easily to others. D. These findings highlight our tendency to cover up visible signs of struggle. E. Floating duck syndrome is particularly common among high-achieving people. F. True achievements often require us to accept the hard work behind them. G. We may feel pressured to present an outward image of competence and strength. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要结构正确，书写工整，字迹清楚。 Liberal Arts’ Hidden Value If you have to pick one, who do you think made greater contributions to the world: physicist Isaac Newton or philosopher Aristotle? Chances are that you’d find it hard to make a decision. But when choosing a major in college, the line between the two areas couldn’t be clearer. Science majors, such as technology, engineering, math, are considered to be more practical choices because of the wealth of opportunities, while those who choose a liberal arts (文科) major—language, music, philosophy—may have more difficulty finding a job. But perhaps we should look at liberal arts studies in another way to understand its value. In the documentary Civilizations, for example, presenters (主持人) take us to 31 countries to appreciate human creativity, such as the Great Wall and the Pyramids. To Simon Schama, one of the presenters, human civilization isn’t just about technology, but about liberal arts or creating things to leave a person’s mark of their existence for future humans to witness and admire. By comparing science and liberal arts, we’re drawing “an artificial line” between the two, said Loretta Jackson, an associate professor at Rhodes College in Memphis, US. And to some of the greatest innovators (革新者) in history, this line never existed. Leonardo da Vinci, for example, was an outstanding scientist and painter. He was so interested in biology and anatomy (解剖学) that he drew the famous Vitruvian Man, which perfectly shows proportions (比例) of the human body. Then there’s Steve Jobs, who is an engineer and also an artist. He summarized the relationship between science and arts: “It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology alone is not enough—it’s technology married with liberal arts that brings us what makes our heart sing.” 50. Why is science more attractive when students choose a major in college? 51. According to Simon Schama, what is the value of liberal arts in human civilization? 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Steve Jobs concluded that technology contributed to Apple’s success, but liberal arts played a more important role. 53. What major will you choose in college? Explain your reasons. (In about 40 words) 第二节 书面表达(20 分) 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。世界读书日即将到来，你的外国好友Jim正在开展主题为“信息时代中学生如何阅读”的项目式学习，他发来邮件对你进行访谈。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 信息时代对阅读的影响； 2. 你的阅读方式和理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $