内容正文:
Unit 2 Starting out & Understanding ideas知识清单
Part1:重点单词讲解
1 pm /piː'em/ n. 下午( 用于表示钟点的数字之后)
pm 意为“下午,午后”,用来表示从中午12 点到晚上12 点(午夜0 点)这个时间段。
am,意为“上午,午前”,用来表示从午夜0 点到中午12 点这个时间段。
书写格式:一般在数字后面加上pm 或者am,中间不需要空格。
注意:12:00 pm 表示“中午12 点”;12:00 am 表示“午夜0 点”。
例:The museum is open Monday through Friday, 9 am to 6 pm. 博物馆的开放时间为周一到周五,上午9 点到下午6 点。
The New Year party starts at 12:00 pm for lunch, and ends at 12:00 am when the fireworks light up the sky. 新年派对从中午12 点的午餐开始,到凌晨12 点烟花照亮天空结束。
2 promise /'prɒmɪs/ v. 许诺,保证,答应 n. 保证,承诺,诺言
promise 的一词多义:
(1) v. 许诺,保证,答应。常见用法:promise (not) to do sth. 答应/ 允诺(不)做某事;promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.许诺给某人某物;promise (sb.)+(that) 从句 答应/ 保证……
(2) n. 诺言,许诺,承诺。常见用法:the promise to do sth. 做某事的承诺;make a promise 承诺;许诺;keep/break a promise 信守/ 违背承诺
例:He promised to give back the book. 他答应要归还那本书。
My father promised me a new present this year.我爸爸答应今年给我一件新礼物。
You promised that you would take me to Disneyland, Dad. 你答应带我去迪士尼的,爸爸。
If you make a promise, you should keep it. Never break a promise. 如果你许下承诺,就应该遵守。永远不要食言。
3 tonight /tə'naɪt/ adv. (在) 今晚
辨析: tonight 与this evening
tonight
指的是今天的整个晚上,包括深夜。
this evening
指的是今天晚上的早些时候,通常指下午6 点到就寝时间。
例:Will you have dinner with me tonight?今晚你和我一起吃晚饭吗?
With so much work to do, I have to stay up late tonight.今晚有这么多工作要做,我不得不熬夜。
Here are tonight's football match results.这是今晚的足球比赛结果。
4 realise /'rɪəlaɪz/ v. 知道;明白;认识到;顿悟
realise(英式拼写,美式常为realize)的一词多义:
(1) vt. 知道;明白;认识到;意识到。通常不用于进行时,常见用法:realise+(that)/wh- 从句 意识到……
(2) vt. 实现;使……成为现实。常见短语:realise one's dream/goal 实现某人的梦想/ 目标
例:He didn't realise his mistakes until the exam was over. 直到考试结束,他才认识到自己的错误。
She realised that her friend was telling the truth.她意识到她朋友说的是实话。
She worked hard to realise her dream of becoming a doctor. 她努力工作以实现成为一名医生的梦想。
5 lamp /læmp/ n. 灯
辨析: lamp 与light
lamp
指“有底座、可移动的具体灯具”,是看得见、摸得着的“实物”,比如desk lamp(台灯)、floor lamp (落地灯)等。
light
泛指“光;光源”,既可以是“光”这种抽象概念,也可以指任何发光的东西(包括lamp),范围更广。
例:There is a floor lamp in the living room.客厅里有一盏落地灯。
Turn off the light when you leave. 离开时关灯。
The light in the classroom is too dim.教室里的光线太暗了。
6 blouse /blaʊz/ n. 女士宽松短衫,女衬衫
blouse 指妇女或儿童穿的短上衣或衬衫。
shirt 一般指男士衬衫,当普通衬衫讲,偶尔可用于女士。
例:The girl is wearing a skirt and a blouse.这个女孩穿着裙子和衬衫。
I want to buy my mum a blouse with two pockets.我想给妈妈买一件有两个口袋的衬衫。
I think this colour makes his shirt look clean.我觉得这个颜色让他的衬衫看起来很干净。
7 pale /peɪl/ adj. 苍白的
pale 的一词多义:
(1) adj. 脸色苍白的;气色不好的(通常因为生病、害怕、疲劳等),用来形容人。as pale as chalk 面色苍白
(2) adj. 浅色的;淡的(指颜色不鲜艳、偏浅),用来形容事物。
(3)v. 变得比平常白;变苍白
例:Her pale face showed that she was tired.她苍白的脸说明她很累。
She looked pale because she had a fever.她因为发烧,脸色看起来很苍白。
She likes wearing pale blue dresses. 她喜欢穿浅蓝色的连衣裙。
The blue of the sky paled to a light gray.天空的蓝色渐变成了浅灰色。
8 policewoman /pə'liːswʊmən/ n. 女警察
policewoman 意为“女警察”,其复数形式为policewomen。policeman 意为“男警察”,其复数形式为policemen。
police 集合名词,意为“警察”,常与the 连用。the police 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例:Her mum wants her to be a policewoman.她妈妈想让她当一名女警察。
There are many policewomen directing traffic.有很多女警察在指挥交通。
His father is a brave policeman.他的爸爸是一名勇敢的警察。
9 point /pɔɪnt/ n. 要点,重点,中心意思,主要含义
point 作名词时的常见词义:
(1) [C] n. 要点;重点;观点;论点。the main point 要点;
point of view 观点、视角;to the point 切题的、中肯的;
have a point 有道理;make a good point 提出一个好观点
(2)[U] n.目的;意图。the point of... ……的意义/ 目的
(3) [C] n. 时刻;地点。turning point 转折点;boiling point 沸点;freezing point 冰点;at this point 在这一点上/ 此刻
(4)[C] n.(比赛或运动中的)得分
point 还可作动词,常见含义:
(1) 指向;指明(用手、物体等指示方向或位置)。
point to/at/towards sb./sth. 指着某人/ 某物;
point out 把……指出来;指明
(2) 瞄准;对准。
point sth. at sb./sth. 用某物瞄准某人/ 某物
例:Let me summarize the main points of the meeting.我来总结一下会议的要点。
The point of this article is to highlight the importance of environmental protection. 这篇文章的中心意思是强调环境保护的重要性。
The point of this game is to score more goals.这个游戏的目的是多进球。
10 term /tɜːm/ n. 学期
term的一词多义:(1)(学校的)学期。the spring
term 春季学期;the autumn term 秋季学期;the beginning/end of the term 学期开始/ 学期末
(2)术语;词语 (3)期限;任期;期。solar term 节气
常见用法:in terms of 就……而言;在……方面
例:The new term starts in September. 新学期 9 月开始。
The lawyer explained legal terms to the client.律师向客户解释了法律术语。
The president's term is four years. 总统任期为四年。
Spring Equinox is the fourth solar term of the year.春分是一年中的第四个节气。
The job is great in terms of salary. 就薪水而言,这份工作很棒。
11 conversation /kɒnvə'seɪʃən/ n. 谈话,交谈,会话
conversation n. 谈话;交谈,常指非正式场合下的谈话,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。常见用法:
(1)have a conversation with sb. 与某人交谈
(2)make conversation(为了避免尴尬)没话找话、闲聊
(3)make up conversations 编对话
例:My parents have a long conversation with me every day. 我父母每天都和我长谈。
They made conversation about the weather while waiting.等待时他们闲聊起了天气。
You need to make up English conversations with your friends. 你需要和朋友们编英语对话。
12 disagreement /dɪsə‘ɡriːmənt/ n. 意见不和,分歧,争论
disagreement n. 分歧;意见不和;争论。常与介词about/over/on 搭配,说明“在某件事上的分歧”。
相关词形:(1)disagree v. 不同意;有分歧
(2)agree v. 同意;达成一致
(3)agreement n. 同意;协议
例:They had a disagreement about the best way to solve the problem. 他们在解决问题的最佳方法上有分歧。
My brother and I had a disagreement over who should clean the bathroom this week. 我和哥哥在这周该谁打扫浴室的问题上有争执。
I disagree with you on this point. 在这一点上我不同意你的看法。
Part2 核心短语讲解
1 grow up 长大;成熟;成长
grow up 意为“长大;成熟;成长”,既可以指年龄上的增长,也可以指思想、行为上的成熟。
grow 的其他常见短语:
(1)grow up with 和……一起长大
(2)grow into 长成;逐渐适应(角色/ 责任等)
例:I want to be a doctor when I grow up. 我长大后想当医生。
He needs to grow up and stop acting like a child.他需要长大,不再像个孩子一样行事。
I grew up with her in the same neighbourhood.我和她在同一个街区一起长大。
He's growing into his new job. 他正在逐渐适应新工作。
2 get along with 与……和睦相处
get along with 表示“与……和睦相处;与……相处融洽”,主要用于描述人与人之间的关系状态。也可以表示“进展;进行”(通常指事情的发展情况)。
同义短语:get on with 与……和睦相处;与……相处融洽
反义短语:get on badly with 相处不好 fall out with 与……闹翻
例:She gets along well with her classmates.她和同学们相处得很好。
How are you getting along with your homework?你的作业进展怎么样了?
He gets on well with his neighbours.他和邻居们相处得很好。
3 out of breath 气喘吁吁;上气不接下气
out of breath 意为“气喘吁吁;上气不接下气”,通常用来描述因剧烈运动、紧张或疾病导致的呼吸急促状态。
breath 的相关表达还有:
(1)catch one's breath 喘口气;缓口气
(2)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
(3)take a deep breath 深呼吸
(4)under one's breath 低声地;小声地
(5)waste one's breath 白费口舌;徒劳地劝说
例:After running up the stairs, she was out of breath.爬完楼梯后,她气喘吁吁。
Let me catch my breath before I start running again.让我喘口气再继续跑。
Hold your breath and dive into the water.屏住呼吸,跳进水里。
4 pick up 取回
pick up的多种含义:(1)取回 ( 2)接载;搭载 ( 3)拿起;拾起 (4)学会;习得 (5)收拾;整理 (6)恢复;振作
pick up 为动副短语,其后若接名词作宾语,名词放在pick 和up之间或之后均可;若接代词作宾语,代词只能放在pick 和up 之间。
例:I picked up my coat from the cleaners.我从干洗店取回了外套。
Can you pick up the kids from school today?你今天能去学校接孩子吗?
There are so many paper bags on the ground. Would you mind picking them up? 地上有那么多的纸袋。你介意把它们捡起来吗?
5 think of 考虑,思考;想到,想起
think of 意为“考虑,思考;想到,想起”,强调“突然想起”或“脑海中浮现”(瞬间动作)。
think about 意为“仔细考虑;琢磨”,侧重“深入思考”或“持续考虑”(过程性动作)。
例:She's thinking of changing her job.她在考虑换工作。
Listening to this piece of music, I thought of my father in the countryside. 听着这首曲子,我想起了在农村的父亲。
She's thinking about her future plans.她正在思考自己的未来计划。
6 be proud of 为……感到骄傲
be proud of 意为“为……感到自豪/ 骄傲”,相当于take pride in。
be proud 后面还可接to be 或that 从句。
例:He was proud of himself for not giving up.=He took pride in himself for not giving up. 他为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。
I am very proud to be a member of the team.能成为这个队中的一员我感到十分自豪。
She was proud that her daughter had so many talents.她为女儿有这么多才能而自豪。
7 turn down 拒绝(请求、邀请、提议等)
turn down 的一词多义:(1)拒绝(请求、邀请、提议等)
(2)调低(音量、温度、灯光等)
turn down 为动副短语,其后若接名词作宾语,名词放在turn和down 之间或之后均可;若接代词作宾语,代词只能放在turn 和down 之间。
例:He turned down a chance to study abroad.他拒绝了一个出国留学的机会。
He asked me out, but I turned him down politely.他约我出去,但我礼貌地拒绝了。
Can you turn down the music? It's too loud.你能把音乐关小一点吗?太吵了。
8 argue about 就…… 争论 / 争吵
argue about sth. 就某事争论/ 争吵 argue with sb. 与某人争论
例:Students often argue about some math problems.学生们经常争论一些数学问题。
He always argues with his parents. 他总是和父母吵架。
Part3 核心句式讲解
1 Why did it take that long to get your phone?为什么花了那么长时间才取回你的手机?
(1)分析结构 这是一个Why 引导的特殊疑问句。Why 是特殊疑问词;did 是助动词;it 作形式主语,在句中代替后面的真正主语to get your phone(避免句子头重脚轻);take 是谓语动词;that long 作take 的宾语。
(2)“Why did it take + 时间+ to do sth.?”表示“为什么做某事花了……?”。“take + 时间”表示“花费时间”,主语通常是it(形式主语)或具体动作。
例:Why did it take so long to finish the project?为什么完成项目花了这么久?
It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school every day.我每天步行上学要花 15 分钟。
2 I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. 我一直陪着她等,直到她被一名女警察带回家。
(1)分析结构这是一个复合句。主句是I waited with her;从句until she was taken home by a policewoman 为时间状语从句,其中until 作连词,she 作主语,was taken 是谓语动词,home 是副词作状语,by a policewoman 是介词短语作动作的执行者。
(2)until 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作持续到从句动作发生为止。常见用法:
①主句为肯定句时,until 表示“直到……为止”,主句谓语动词通常是延续性动词(如 wait, stay, work, study 等,能持
续一段时间的动作)。
②主句为否定句时,此时until 常与“not”连用,构成“not...until...”结构,意为“直到……才……”,强调主句动作在从句动作发生后才开始。主句谓语动词通常是非延续性动词(如 start, leave, come 等,瞬间完成的动作)。
例:I stayed until the meeting finished.我一直待到会议结束。
She didn’t leave until I arrived. 直到我到了,她才离开。
3 You just don’t get me!
get动词,意为“理解;明白”。get sb./sth.理解某人/某事
4 Mum is sitting in the living room, worried. The clock reads 10:27 pm. The son runs through the door, out of breath.
(1)worried形容词作伴随状语
(2)read动词,意为“读数为;显示”。
5 in a low voice
in a high/low voice 高/低声地
6 I was heading back at 8:30.
head动词,意为“朝(某方向)行进”。
7 I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.
(1)attach sth. to sth.把某物系在或附在另一物上
(2)长难句分析:该句是一个由并列连词and连接两个主要谓语动词checked和saw的复合句。其中,saw的宾语是一个由that引导的宾语从句,该从句是一个被动语态结构,其主语是a yellow band,谓语是was attached,而to her wrist 则是介词短语作状语。
8 Oh, what a night! I’m sorry for being cross with you.
be cross with sb. =be angry with sb. 生某人的气cross 作形容词,意为“恼怒的,生气的”。
9 Always help the elderly
the elderly老人;老年人。the +形容词,表示一类人。
10 Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
11 It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.
stay/keep in touch with 与……保持联系
12 But now I am cut off from them!
cut sb./sth. off from... 使某人/某物与……隔绝
13 We need quality family time, too.
quality作形容词,意为“优质的;高质量的”。还可作名词,意为“质量”。
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