精品解析：天津市宝坻区第一中学2025届高三下学期冲刺练习（一）英语试题

宝坻一中2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级 高考冲刺练习一英语科目试卷 班级： ________ 姓名： ________ 考号： ________ 考场、座位号： 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷 （选择题） 和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共130分。考试用时100分钟。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号涂写在答题卡上，答卷时，考生务必将卷Ⅰ的答案填涂在答题卡上，卷Ⅱ答在答题纸上，卷Ⅱ答在试卷上的无效。 第Ⅰ卷 （共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 （共两节；满分45分） 第一节：单项填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. —If we work on the project together, I do believe we should be able to complete it ahead of schedule. — ______! Many hands make light work. A. You bet B. Have fun C. Good job D. Forget it 2. Trade, industrialization and especially globalization in the past few decades many languages to disappear. A. had caused B. caused C. have caused D. causes 3. Though reasons for learning Chinese vary, a common was enthusiasm for the country’s rich culture. A. one B. it C. that D. this 4. by the teacher can always make children feel proud even if it’s a small one. A. Praised B. Being praised C. To praise D. Praising 5. Recently there has been a in young people toward watching professional video games. A. trend B. routine C. reaction D. motivation 6. If the project______before the end of this month is delayedthe construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses. A. being completed B. completed C. to be completed D. completing 7. -Professor Li, how can my son develop his interest in literature? ﹣You may first_____ him to classical literary works. A. devote B. apply C. assign D. expose 8. He doesn’t possess such a mind ________ is necessary to a scientist. A. that B. which C. as D. what 9. Only my cousin has chosen to apply for a job in Africa ________ the majority of this year’s graduates working in Britain. A in common with B. in place of C. in contrast to D. in response to 10. ______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A. What; whom B. What; whose C. It; whose D. As; whom 11. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 12. She is one of the girls in our class who ______ for the coming sports meeting now. A. is being trained B. are trained C. is training D. are being trained 13. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting. A mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken 14. Studying hard is, of course, important, but enough rest is no doubt ______ or even more important. A. largely B. merely C. equally D. partly 15. Since we still have enough time, you can _____. A. have a frog in your throat B. hold your horses C. tick all the right boxes D. kill two birds with one stone 第二节：完型填空 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 完形填空 It wasn’t yet 8:30 am. However, instead of entering my office, I was leaving it. Carrying a plastic shopping bag of my personal things, I moved in a(n) ___16___ way to my car, and drove home crying. I had just been ___17___ For following weeks, I was troubled by the ___18___ of that sudden lay-off: What about the people who would be ___19___ by my abandoned projects? Would I have a chance to get another job? ___20___ with anxiety, shame and sudden outbursts of tears, I felt completely ___21___ “What should I do next?” I asked myself. One day, over dinner with my good friend Sophia in a restaurant, I told her about my ___22___, “Being fired came as a ___23___ I am not a bad person. I don’t know ___24___ it happened to me. In fact, I was so hard-working and ___25___ to my company”. After listening to my words, she ___26___ me, “Never be so depressed. Being fired isn’t the same thing as being bad. There are lots of ___27___ that we cannot escape in life, and we have to face them ___28___ and find solutions. I think you should make some changes to help you ___29___ this issue. Unemployment just means a new start.” Her words gave me a lot of confidence and strength, which ___30___ me to take action to change the bad situation. I had a firm belief that everything would hopefully ___31___ fine. Then a long journey of applying for new jobs began. In addition, I made a decision — starting to ___32___ the people who helped me either with the emotional support of my unemployment or in my search for a new job. I would send each of them a thank-you card. Sophia had helped me a lot, and she got my first card. Expressing gratitude is the best thing that I have done to ___33___ my negative thoughts and move forward. Fortunately, I have got a(n) ___34___ job that fits my skills and interests. No matter what happens in the future, I will ___35___ this wonderful decision and show more people my thanks. 16. A. relaxing B. confident C. unsteady D. humorous 17. A. adopted B. fired C. cheated D. fined 18. A. shadow B. guidance C. standard D. background 19. A. promoted B. trusted C. refused D. affected 20. A. Agreeing B. Connecting C. Struggling D. Dealing 21. A. positive B. confused C. confident D. serious 22. A. promises B. goals C. feelings D. needs 23. A. occasion B. threat C. present D. shock 24. A. why B. when C. whether D. where 25. A. attractive B. occupied C. aware D. faithful 26. A. blamed B. greeted C. encouraged D. announced 27. A. challenges B. opportunities C. arguments D. responsibilities 28. A. practically B. bravely C. secretly D. excitedly 29. A. rely on B. look into C. give up D. deal with 30. A. drove B. ordered C. forbade D. expected 31. A. set about B. turn out C. result from D. hold back 32. A. thank B. entertain C. understand D. help 33. A. explain B. remove C. suspect D. accept 34. A. difficult B. ridiculous C. satisfying D. embarrassing 35. A. research B. replace C. select D. continue 第二部分：阅读理解 （共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Walled Cities Of The World There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time. York, England The city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71AD which have been restored and extended with time. Xi’an, China The city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city. Quebec City, Canada Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权). A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Mexico City, Mexico Historically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city. 36. What was the main function of the walls in the walled cities in medieval times? A. They were used for decoration. B. They served as a defense. C. They were symbols of power. D. They were for separating different regions. 37. What can we learn about the city of York from the passage? A. It is located in the south of England. B. It has always been part of the Kingdom of England. C The walls in York were first built in 954 AD. D. The walls in York have a long history and have been improved over time. 38. Which city has walls of the longest history? A. York, England. B. Xi’an, China. C. Quebec City, Canada. D. Mexico City, Mexico. 39. What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common? A. They were once colonies of other countries. B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire. C. Their walls were once built under British regime. D. Their walls were once damaged after construction. 40. In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A. Culture. B. Entertainment. C. Science. D. Society B It was the winter when I taught in a small country school on the west coast of Vancouver Island. I had three grades of little people in my class, all beaming with the desire to learn all they could. One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease — leukemia. More often than not, he would be missing from our classroom for rounds of treatments. All of us were so pleased, then, to have that happy little boy with us for Christmas. We decorated our classroom, practised for the concert, and prepared Christmas stories to share. Two days before school let out for the three-week Christmas holiday, I read a story to the class. It was the story of “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help. As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. Everyone was sympathetic for his misfortune, including David. The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.” Even before he told us the purpose of the box, we all seemed to know. Shiny tears went dot-to-dot down the faces of the other children. The rest of the day witnessed all of us carefully preparing items to fill David’s wooden box. When the holidays came to a close, we all returned to our class — all except David. He had got a good chance and left for a big city to get better treatment, clutching the wooden box that held his hope and memories, and ours. 41. What can be inferred about the author’s teaching environment? A. It was a large and modern school in a bustling city center. B. It was a small school with students from multiple grades in one class. C. It was a private boarding school with strict discipline. D. It was a school specialized in providing education for sick children. 42. What can we learn about David from the first paragraph? A. His attractive smile impressed his teacher a lot. B. Though seriously ill, he was passionate to learn. C. His disease prevented him from going to school. D. Though looking normal, he suffered from a fatal disease. 43. What does the underlined part “the plight” refer to? A. The past time. B. The promising future. C. The awful situation. D. The daily routine. 44. Which of the following best describes David? A. Intelligent and diligent. B. Sociable and adventurous. C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Optimistic and courageous. 45. What is the overall theme of the passage? A. The importance of Christmas celebrations in school. B. The struggle of a teacher in a small country school. C. The power of hope and friendship in the face of misfortune. D. The differences between healthy and sick children in a classroom. C Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 46. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 47. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A. Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B. Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C. The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D. Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 48. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A. Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B. His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C. Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D. Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 49. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A. It is expensive and difficult to promote. B. It overestimates the household energy consumption. C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 50. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B. The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. D It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has a different opinion than our own. When opinions differ, there is often a conflict. This is where much of the conflict with adults and teens begins. Therefore, it is important to always make the difference clear between fact and opinion. Opinions change, facts always remain the same. I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they’re wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves. If you don’t know there is the cliff, why would you ever be concerned about being close to the edge? I dealt with a teen today who was involved in some gangster (歹徒) activities. This girl was raised in a good home with concerned parents. However, other interests have taken over in her life. Friends have become everything. These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life. The challenge for the rest of us is helping this girl see how and where her new interests will take her. We have felt mild success as relationships of trust are built and improved. In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding this conflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choice between life and death. It’s easy for the rest of us to be casual about this because the right choice seems so obvious to us. It is important to know it is much different to this young person who is still developing and searching. Therefore, it is important that the adult should do everything possible to help the teen be fully informed about the choice before them. Provide choices and show how making different choices will improve things and provide security for the teen now and in the future. The choice to go with the crowd or with the few can be a very difficult one to make. I believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids. Our very own future is absolutely at key point any time we advise and guide the youth. 51. From paragraph 1 we know the gap between father and son lies in that _________. A. facts always remain the same B. opinions are always different from facts C. different opinions result from their conflict D. they have a disagreement about the same fact 52. What contributes to the girl’s crime according to the text? A. Different values. B. Unconcerned parents. C. Her poor family. D. Gangster activities 53. Adults should try their best to help teens make a choice regarding the conflict because _________. A. the wrong choice will lead to complete failure in the future B. the choice is difficult to make for still developing teens C the right choice is easy for adults to see and understand D. the choice made by teens determines their life or death 54. Why should the adult never stop helping the teen according to the last paragraph? A. Because the teen won’t give up themselves. B. Because the adults’ future depends on the youth. C. Because the adult can give advice and guidance. D. Because the teen’s future is in danger. 55. It can be inferred from the text that _________. A. showing the results of their behavior is a good way to help people B. helping teenagers always means meeting trouble C. it’s quite easy to keep a good relationship with others D. it’s hard to make wise choices in our life 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 When I was young, my mum had a hard time. Five years earlier, my Dad drowned. The burden to raise us kids only fell on my mum’s shoulders. Because Dad had no pension, there was not much money. Thus, we went on relief (救济), now called social assistance. Looking back, I realize what Mum went through, sending us kids to school. Every morning she would put a new piece of cardboard in our shoes, because our soles were worn out. Constant moving was typical for my family in these times. I still remember that once the rent for a house was twenty-five dollars a month. But Mum couldn’t pay it, and we knew we would be evicted right after Christmas on the first of January. Unexpectedly, when Christmas was approaching, we received a twenty-five dollar Christmas fund for social services. Mum said that instead of buying food, she would use the money to pay rent, assuring us all of a roof over our heads for a little while longer. She told us then there would be nothing for Christmas. I had a secret that was unknown to Mum. I had been selling Christmas trees, and doing odd jobs to earn enough money to buy a new pair of comfortable boots for myself. Well, the big day came on the afternoon of the Christmas Eve. I was very excited. But on the way to the boots store, I noticed a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It was then that I realized at our house, we had no lights, no decorations, nor turkey or ham for Christmas. I felt very sad. I was eleven years old, and I was feeling a strange sense of guilt. Here I was going to buy a new pair of boots while Mum was home in tears. She would be trying to explain to us why there were no presents. So finally, I bought a turkey, ham, oranges and all the Christmas treats with my hard-earned money. Later, with great excitement in my eyes, I knocked on the door. When my mum opened the door, some of the groceries fell onto the floor, and she just stood there surprised. Holding back the tears, I said, “Merry Christmas Mother!” I did a lot of explaining as we unpacked all the food. That day I got enough hugs and kisses from Mum. She said I had grown up. 56. Why did the author’s mother have a hard time? (no more than 12 words) 57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (no more than 10 words) 58. What was the author’s secret? (no more than 10 words) 59. What made the author’s mother surprised? (no more than 10 words) 60. Do you agree with the mother’s words that the author had grown up? And why? (no more than 25 words) 第二节：书面表达 （满分25分） 61. 假定你是高三学生李津，近期你发现同学们因沉重的学习压力，将自己整日禁锢于教室与书本之间，错失了许多亲近自然的宝贵机会。请你根据以上内容，写一篇英文稿件，向校英语报投稿，倡议同学们多参与户外活动，拥抱大自然。 内容包括：1. 高中生忽视户外活动的现状； 2. 户外活动的益处(放松身心、陶冶情操等)； 3. 发出倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宝坻一中2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级 高考冲刺练习一英语科目试卷 班级： ________ 姓名： ________ 考号： ________ 考场、座位号： 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷 （选择题） 和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共130分。考试用时100分钟。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号涂写在答题卡上，答卷时，考生务必将卷Ⅰ的答案填涂在答题卡上，卷Ⅱ答在答题纸上，卷Ⅱ答在试卷上的无效。 第Ⅰ卷 （共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用 （共两节；满分45分） 第一节：单项填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. —If we work on the project together, I do believe we should be able to complete it ahead of schedule. — ______! Many hands make light work. A. You bet B. Have fun C. Good job D. Forget it 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——如果我们一起做这个项目，我相信我们能提前完成。——当然！人多好干活。A. You bet当然；B. Have fun玩得开心；C. Good job干得好；D. Forget it不必在意。根据“Many hands make light work.”可知，赞成“一起做项目，就能提前完成”用You bet“当然；肯定地”符合语境。故选A项。 2. Trade, industrialization and especially globalization in the past few decades many languages to disappear. A. had caused B. caused C. have caused D. causes 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几十年里，贸易、工业化，特别是全球化已经导致许多语言消失。时间状语“in the past few decades”一般用于现在完成时，再结合语境可知，本句要作现在完成时，故选C。 3. Though reasons for learning Chinese vary, a common was enthusiasm for the country’s rich culture. A. one B. it C. that D. this 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：虽然学习汉语的原因各不相同，但一个共同的原因是对中国丰富的文化的热情。分析句子，为了避免前后重复，需找一个代词指代前面提及的“学习中文的原因”。又因为此处表示泛指，故将that(特指前面的可数名词单数或不可数名词)排除。而this指代“这个”不合题意，可排除。it是指同类同物，也不合题意可排除。one表示泛指，是指同类不同物。故选A项。 4. by the teacher can always make children feel proud even if it’s a small one. A. Praised B. Being praised C. To praise D. Praising 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查非谓语做主语。句意：被老师表扬总是能让孩子感到自豪，即使是很小的表扬。分析句子可知，根据后面的“by the teacher”可知，此处是指孩子被老师表扬，要用被动形式。分析选项可知C和D二者是主动形式，是错误的。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作句子的主语，而A项（praise）是过去分词，不能作主语，空格处要用动词的ing形式的被动形式，B项（Being praised）符合题意，故选B。 5. Recently there has been a in young people toward watching professional video games. A. trend B. routine C. reaction D. motivation 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，在年轻人当中有一种观看专业选手游戏比赛录像的（流行）趋势。A. trend趋势，趋向；B. routine路线；C. reaction反应，感应；D. motivation动力，动机，积极性。在年轻人中间（in young people）出现的看游戏录像，是一种新流行的趋势，故选A。 6. If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses. A. being completed B. completed C. to be completed D. completing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果这个月底预计完工的大楼建设的工期被拖延的话，建筑公司将对经济损失负全部责任。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是is delayed，故complete用非谓语动词形式作定语，由时间状语by the end of this month可知，complete是将来的动作，且与先行词project是被动关系，故应该用不定式的被动式作定语。故选C。 【点睛】非谓语动词解题策略： 1、首先查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，以判断是否使用非谓语动词。高中学习中，一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语，如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语； 2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态。 3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。 7. -Professor Li, how can my son develop his interest in literature? ﹣You may first_____ him to classical literary works. A. devote B. apply C. assign D. expose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的辨析。句意：——李教授，怎么样培养我儿子对文学的兴趣呢？——你可以让他先接触古典文学作品。分析句子可知，学习一样东西最好是浸入式学习。四个选项都可与介词to搭配：A. devote …to致力于；B.apply …to把…应用于；C.assign…to把分配/指派给；D.expose…to把......暴露/透漏给，使......接触.......。结合语境，此处表示“使接触”之意，D项正确。故选D。 8. He doesn’t possess such a mind ________ is necessary to a scientist. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他不具备一个科学家所必需的那种头脑。本空引导定语从句，先行词是mind，指物，且先行词被such修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词as引导。故选C。 9. Only my cousin has chosen to apply for a job in Africa ________ the majority of this year’s graduates working in Britain. A. in common with B. in place of C. in contrast to D. in response to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：只有我的表弟选择申请在非洲工作，而今年大多数毕业生都在英国工作。A. in common with与……一样；B. in place of代替；C. in contrast to与……形成对比；D. in response to响应。本句对比了表弟的工作选择和大多数毕业生的工作选择，此处表示“与……形成对比”，用in contrast to。故选C。 10. ______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker. A. What; whom B. What; whose C. It; whose D. As; whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：让我们惊讶的是，汤姆对他来说英语曾经是枯燥的，现在可以流利的说英语好像是英国本土的人。通过分析句子结构，可知这个句子中包含一个主语从句，和一个非限制性定语从句。且引导词在主语从句中作主语，表示“什么”的含义，故用what。介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句，定语从句的主语是English，这里表示“对于某人来说”，需要for的宾语，指人只能用whom。故选A。 11. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论在何处被发现，都将在世界各地创造许多经济上的可能性。此处考查－ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词A、B、D三项，故答案选C。 12. She is one of the girls in our class who ______ for the coming sports meeting now. A. is being trained B. are trained C. is training D. are being trained 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她是我们班正在为即将到来的运动会接受训练的女孩之一。根据后文now可知应用现在进行时，且定语从句修饰先行词girls，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语应用复数形式，故选D。 13. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting. A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】试题分析：句意：今天早晨我没有在会议室看见她，她不可能在会上发言。mustn’t have spoken没有这个用法；shouldn’t have spoken表示不应该发言而发言了；needn’t have spoken没必要发言而发言了；couldn’t have spoken不可能发言。根据句意故选D。 考点：考查情态动词的用法。 点评：本题难度适中。情态动词是高中阶段的重要的语法项目，需要考生掌握它们的不同的语法及区别，尤其是情态动词的完成式表示对过去的推测，不同的情态动词推测的可能性大小上不同，需要考生理解它们的不同的语法。 即学即练：________ it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the air crash? A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Should 解析：B。句意：考查情态动词could的用法。句意为：是不是由于没有从地面控制上得到指引才导致的这次空难呢？could用在疑问否定句中，表示对过去发生过的事情的怀疑和推测。 14. Studying hard is, of course, important, but enough rest is no doubt ______ or even more important. A. largely B. merely C. equally D. partly 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：努力学习当然很重要，但足够的休息无疑是同等重要的，甚至更重要。A. largely主要地；B. merely仅仅，只不过；C. equally相等地；D. partly部分地。此处是副词修饰形容词。表示同等甚至更重要，故选C。 15. Since we still have enough time, you can _____. A. have a frog in your throat B. hold your horses C. tick all the right boxes D. kill two birds with one stone 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们时间充足，你可以慢慢来。A. have a frog in your throat说话困难；B. hold your horses耐心点，慢慢来；C. tick all the right boxes一切顺利；D. kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟。根据前文“Since we still have enough time”可知，时间充足，不用着急。故选B项。 第二节：完型填空 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 完形填空 It wasn’t yet 8:30 am. However, instead of entering my office, I was leaving it. Carrying a plastic shopping bag of my personal things, I moved in a(n) ___16___ way to my car, and drove home crying. I had just been ___17___ For following weeks, I was troubled by the ___18___ of that sudden lay-off: What about the people who would be ___19___ by my abandoned projects? Would I have a chance to get another job? ___20___ with anxiety, shame and sudden outbursts of tears, I felt completely ___21___ “What should I do next?” I asked myself. One day, over dinner with my good friend Sophia in a restaurant, I told her about my ___22___, “Being fired came as a ___23___ I am not a bad person. I don’t know ___24___ it happened to me. In fact, I was so hard-working and ___25___ to my company”. After listening to my words, she ___26___ me, “Never be so depressed. Being fired isn’t the same thing as being bad. There are lots of ___27___ that we cannot escape in life, and we have to face them ___28___ and find solutions. I think you should make some changes to help you ___29___ this issue. Unemployment just means a new start.” Her words gave me a lot of confidence and strength, which ___30___ me to take action to change the bad situation. I had a firm belief that everything would hopefully ___31___ fine. Then a long journey of applying for new jobs began. In addition, I made a decision — starting to ___32___ the people who helped me either with the emotional support of my unemployment or in my search for a new job. I would send each of them a thank-you card. Sophia had helped me a lot, and she got my first card. Expressing gratitude is the best thing that I have done to ___33___ my negative thoughts and move forward. Fortunately, I have got a(n) ___34___ job that fits my skills and interests. No matter what happens in the future, I will ___35___ this wonderful decision and show more people my thanks. 16. A. relaxing B. confident C. unsteady D. humorous 17. A. adopted B. fired C. cheated D. fined 18. A. shadow B. guidance C. standard D. background 19. A. promoted B. trusted C. refused D. affected 20. A. Agreeing B. Connecting C. Struggling D. Dealing 21. A. positive B. confused C. confident D. serious 22. A. promises B. goals C. feelings D. needs 23. A. occasion B. threat C. present D. shock 24. A. why B. when C. whether D. where 25. A. attractive B. occupied C. aware D. faithful 26. A. blamed B. greeted C. encouraged D. announced 27. A. challenges B. opportunities C. arguments D. responsibilities 28. A. practically B. bravely C. secretly D. excitedly 29. A. rely on B. look into C. give up D. deal with 30. A. drove B. ordered C. forbade D. expected 31. A. set about B. turn out C. result from D. hold back 32. A. thank B. entertain C. understand D. help 33. A. explain B. remove C. suspect D. accept 34. A. difficult B. ridiculous C. satisfying D. embarrassing 35. A. research B. replace C. select D. continue 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主要叙述我在被公司解雇以后，无法从悲伤的情绪中摆脱处理。后来在朋友的鼓励下做出了改变：向别人表示自己的感谢。最后找到了满意的工作，并决定继续这样走下去。 【16题详解】 C 考查形容词辨析。句意：拿着装满个人物品的一个塑料袋，我一路不稳地走向我的汽车，哭着回了家。形容词relaxing放松的；confident自信的；unsteady不稳的；humorous幽默的。使用unsteady表示我当时很难过，走路都走不稳了。故C正确。 【17题详解】 B 考查上下文串联。句意：我刚被解雇了。动词adopt收养，采纳；fire开火，解雇；cheat欺骗。根据前面一句叙述可知我被公司解雇，所以才很伤心难过。故B正确。 【18题详解】 A 考查名词辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我都处于突然被解雇的阴影之中。名词shadow阴影；guidance指导；standard标准；background背景。本句使用shadow叙述被解雇给我带来的影响。故A正确。 【19题详解】 D 考查动词辨析。句意：我遗留的那些项目对那些人的影响会是什么样？动词promote宣传，提拔，促进；trust信任；refuse拒绝；affect影响。本句叙述作者被解雇以后他所做的项目可能会对别人造成影响，作者对此表示担心。故D正确。 【20题详解】 C 考查动词辨析。句意：挣扎在焦虑、羞愧和突然而来的悲伤的情感之中，我感觉很困惑，我接下来应该做什么？动词agree同意；connect联系；struggle挣扎，努力；deal处理，对付。故C正确。 【21题详解】 B 考查上下文串联。句意同上。形容词positive积极的；confused困惑的；confident自信的；serious严肃的，认真的；根据下一句“What should I do next?” I asked myself.说明我对接下来做什么很困惑。故B正确。 【22题详解】 C 考查名词辨析。句意：一天，在和我的朋友Sophia吃饭的时候，我把我的感受告诉了她。名词promise诺言；goal目标；feeling感觉；need需要。故C正确。 【23题详解】 D 考查上下文串联。句意：被解雇让我很震惊。名词occasion机会，时机，场合；threat威胁；present礼物；shock令人震惊的事情。被解雇对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。和本文第一段对应，记叙阐述被解雇对作者的巨大影响。故D正确。 【24题详解】 A 考查连词辨析。句意：我不知道为什么这件事情会发生在我身上，实际上我很努力工作对公司也很忠诚。根据句意可知why“为什么”进一步作者对于自己被公司解雇很不理解。故A正确。 【25题详解】 D 考查形容词辨析。句意：实际上我很努力工作对公司也很忠诚。形容词attractive有吸引力的；occupied忙碌的；aware意识到的；faithful忠诚的。短语be faithful to对……忠诚。故D正确。 【26题详解】 C 考查上下文串联。句意：听了我的话，她鼓励我说：不要这么难过，被解雇并不一定是坏事，在人生中有很多我们无法摆脱的挑战，我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战并找到解决的方法。我认为你应该做出改变来处理这个问题。失业了就意味着一个新的开始。动词blame责备；greet问候；encourage鼓励；announce宣布；根据上下文可知这是朋友对我的鼓励。故C正确。 【27题详解】 A 考查名词辨析。句意：被解雇并不一定是坏事，在人生中有很多我们无法摆脱的挑战，我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战并找到解决的方法。名词challenge挑战；opportunity机会；argument争论；responsibility责任；根据常识可知，我们人生中有许多挑战可知A正确。 【28题详解】 B 考查副词辨析。句意：我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战并找到解决的方法。仍然是朋友对我的鼓励。副词practically实用的；实际的；bravely勇敢地；secretly秘密地；excitedly兴奋地；根据句意可知B正确。 【29题详解】 D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我认为你应该做出改变来处理这个问题。失业了就意味着一个新的开始。短语rely on依靠；look into调查；give up放弃；deal with对付，处理；故D正确。 【30题详解】 A 考查动词辨析。句意：她的话给了我很多鼓励和力量，这驱使着我采取行动改变这个糟糕的情况。动词drive驱使；order命令；forbid禁止；expect期待；根据句意可知A正确。 【31题详解】 B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我坚定地认为所有事情最后结果都会很好。短语set about着手，开始；turn out结果是；result from因为；hold back隐瞒，控制。故B正确。 【32题详解】 A 考查动词辨析。句意：接着就是长时间申请新工作开始了。而且，我做出一个决定，开始感谢那些给我精神支持的人。根据本文可知作者对待生活的态度更为积极乐观了。动词thank感谢；entertain娱乐；understand理解；help帮助；根据下一段expressing gratitude表达感激，与之相一致。故A正确。 【33题详解】 B 考查动词辨析。句意：表示感谢是我所做的消除消极情绪最好的事情。动词explain解释；remove去除；suspect怀疑；accept接受；根据句意可知remove符合上下文串联。故B正确。 【34题详解】 C 考查上下文串联。句意：幸运的是，我找到了一份令人满意的工作，而且这份工作适合我的技巧和兴趣。形容词difficult困难的；ridiculous荒谬的；satisfying令人满意的；embarrassing令人尴尬的；根据后半句“而且这份工作适合我的技巧和兴趣”，说明这份工作是令人满意的。故C正确。 【35题详解】 D 考查动词辨析。句意：我将继续这个很好的决定，向更多的人表示我的感谢。动词research研究；replace代替；select选择；continue继续。故D正确。 第二部分：阅读理解 （共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Walled Cities Of The World There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time. York, England The city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71AD which have been restored and extended with time. Xi’an, China The city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city. Quebec City, Canada Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权). A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Mexico City, Mexico Historically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city. 36. What was the main function of the walls in the walled cities in medieval times? A. They were used for decoration. B. They served as a defense. C. They were symbols of power. D. They were for separating different regions. 37. What can we learn about the city of York from the passage? A. It is located in the south of England. B. It has always been part of the Kingdom of England. C. The walls in York were first built in 954 AD. D. The walls in York have a long history and have been improved over time. 38. Which city has walls of the longest history? A. York, England. B. Xi’an, China. C. Quebec City, Canada. D. Mexico City, Mexico. 39. What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common? A. They were once colonies of other countries. B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire. C. Their walls were once built under British regime. D. Their walls were once damaged after construction. 40. In which section of a magazine may this text appear? A. Culture. B. Entertainment. C. Science. D. Society 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍世界四座古城墙城市，说明中世纪城墙用于防御，分别简述各城城墙历史、背景及如今的旅游价值。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense.(这些墙壁原本是防御工事，自中世纪以来一直作为防御设施而存在，是必不可少的)”可知，中世纪时期，城中城墙的主要作用是它们起到了防御的作用。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Located in the city are walls built in 71AD which have been restored and extended with time.(这座城市内有一道建于公元71年的城墙，随着时间的推移，它已经得到了修复和扩建)”可知，约克的城墙历史悠久，并且随着时间的推移不断得到修缮。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Located in the city are walls built in 71AD which have been restored and extended with time.(这座城市内有一道建于公元71年的城墙，随着时间的推移，它已经得到了修复和扩建)”；第三段“The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty.(现有的这些墙壁最初建于公元前770年，并在明朝时期（14世纪）进行了重建)”；第四段“The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权).(这些城墙始建于1608年，当时既有英国统治时期也有法国统治时期)”以及最后一段“The walls protecting the city were built in 1521.(保护这座城市的城墙建于1521年)”可知，中国西安拥有历史最悠久的城墙。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Quebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans.(魁北克城曾是一个殖民地城镇，当时由定居于此的欧洲人进行了防御性建设)”以及最后一段“The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital.(随后，西班牙人赶走了阿兹特克人，并在此重建了城市，将其作为西班牙的首都)”可知，两者曾经都是其他国家的殖民地。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“There are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.(世界各地有许多历史悠久的有城墙的城市，其城墙的历史可以追溯到几个世纪以前。这些城墙原本是防御设施，在中世纪时期是必不可少的。如今，它们已被保存下来作为历史遗迹，并成为现代热门的旅游景点)”以及文章介绍世界四座古城墙城市，说明中世纪城墙用于防御，分别简述各城城墙历史、背景及如今的旅游价值。可知，文章可能会出现在杂志的“文化”版块中。故选A。 B It was the winter when I taught in a small country school on the west coast of Vancouver Island. I had three grades of little people in my class, all beaming with the desire to learn all they could. One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease — leukemia. More often than not, he would be missing from our classroom for rounds of treatments. All of us were so pleased, then, to have that happy little boy with us for Christmas. We decorated our classroom, practised for the concert, and prepared Christmas stories to share. Two days before school let out for the three-week Christmas holiday, I read a story to the class. It was the story of “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help. As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. Everyone was sympathetic for his misfortune, including David. The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.” Even before he told us the purpose of the box, we all seemed to know. Shiny tears went dot-to-dot down the faces of the other children. The rest of the day witnessed all of us carefully preparing items to fill David’s wooden box. When the holidays came to a close, we all returned to our class — all except David. He had got a good chance and left for a big city to get better treatment, clutching the wooden box that held his hope and memories, and ours. 41. What can be inferred about the author’s teaching environment? A. It was a large and modern school in a bustling city center. B. It was a small school with students from multiple grades in one class. C. It was a private boarding school with strict discipline. D. It was a school specialized in providing education for sick children. 42 What can we learn about David from the first paragraph? A. His attractive smile impressed his teacher a lot. B. Though seriously ill, he was passionate to learn. C. His disease prevented him from going to school. D. Though looking normal, he suffered from a fatal disease. 43. What does the underlined part “the plight” refer to? A. The past time. B. The promising future. C. The awful situation. D. The daily routine. 44. Which of the following best describes David? A. Intelligent and diligent. B. Sociable and adventurous. C. Strong-willed and ambitious. D. Optimistic and courageous. 45. What is the overall theme of the passage? A. The importance of Christmas celebrations in school. B. The struggle of a teacher in a small country school. C. The power of hope and friendship in the face of misfortune. D. The differences between healthy and sick children in a classroom. 【答案】41. B 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在温哥华岛一所乡村学校教书时，与患有白血病的男孩大卫之间的感人故事，展现了在不幸面前希望与友谊的力量。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It was the winter when I taught in a small country school on the west coast of Vancouver Island. I had three grades of little people in my class (那年冬天，我在温哥华岛西海岸的一所乡村小学校教书。我班上有三个年级的孩子)”可知，作者的教学环境是一个多年级合班的乡村小学校。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease — leukemia.  (我一年级班上一个叫大卫的小男孩比所有其他孩子都更想学习。他那肿胀的圆脸会朝我微笑，一遍又一遍地提醒我他的病——白血病)”可知，尽管身患重病，大卫对学习充满热情。故选B项。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. (这个小天使在天堂过得很糟糕。他无法适应日常作息。他总是惹麻烦，撞到其他天使，被云绊倒，或者弄丢他的光环)”和划线词所在句中“As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. (当我读这个故事时，全班一片寂静，每个孩子都更加投入到天使的plight中)”可知，“the plight”指的是小天使在天堂遇到的糟糕处境。故选C项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“One little boy named David from my grade one class wanted to learn more than all the others. His round swollen face would smile up at me, reminding me over and over of his disease — leukemia.  (我一年级班上一个叫大卫的小男孩比所有其他孩子都更想学习。他那肿胀的圆脸会朝我微笑，一遍又一遍地提醒我他的病——白血病)”和第五段中“The following day during our regular show-and-tell time, holding a small wooden box, David began his sharing, “This is my first tooth,” he explained. “This is a ribbon from my sister’s hair, and this is my puppy’s collar. My dad gave me this old key. My mom says this big coin is for good luck.” Even before he told us the purpose of the box, we all seemed to know. Shiny tears went dot-to-dot down the faces of the other children.(第二天，在我们的常规展示分享环节，戴维拿着一个小木盒开始分享：“这是我的第一颗牙齿，”他解释道，“这是我姐姐的头发丝带，这是我家小狗的项圈，这把旧钥匙是我爸爸给我的，妈妈说这枚大硬币能带来好运。”甚至在他告诉我们这个盒子的用途之前，大家似乎都已心领神会。亮晶晶的泪珠一颗接一颗滚落在其他孩子们的脸上)”可知，尽管身患重病，但大卫仍然热爱学习，对生活充满热情，说明他乐观且勇敢。故选D项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中大卫身患白血病但仍热爱学习，第五段中他分享自己收集的物品、其他孩子流泪并为他准备物品，以及最后一段“He had got a good chance and left for a big city to get better treatment, clutching the wooden box that held his hope and memories, and ours. (他得到了一个好机会，前往大城市接受更好的治疗，紧紧抓着那个装着希望和回忆的木盒——那里面也有我们的希望和回忆)”可推知，本文通过大卫的故事，告诉我们在不幸面前希望和友谊的力量。故选C项。 C Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 46. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 47. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A. Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B. Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C. The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D. Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 48. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A. Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B. His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C. Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D. Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 49. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A. It is expensive and difficult to promote. B. It overestimates the household energy consumption. C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 50. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B. The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍全球人口老龄化对能源消耗影响及相关研究发现，探讨其与气候变化的关联。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.(哈佛大学的侯赛因·埃斯蒂里和德国马克斯·普朗克人口研究学院的埃米利奥·扎格尼发现，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，而这不仅仅是因为我们往往会变得更富有。他们的研究表明，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大。)”可知，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大，此处强调能源消耗增加不仅归因于财富增长，还有其他因素如年龄变化，由此可知，“not just because we tend to get wealthier”意味着除财富之外还有其他因素导致能源消耗增加。故选C项。 【47题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.(我们生命周期中各个阶段的能源使用量增加，似乎是生活方式和需求随年龄变化的结果。)”并结合上文内容可知，第三段旨在说明能源消耗随不同年龄的生活方式和需求变化而波动。故选D项。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home.(该研究涉及收入、当地气候以及个人住房的年龄、类型和面积等因素。)”及第六段中的“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thinking about,” says Estiri.(埃斯蒂里说：“人口、老龄化和气候变化对能源需求的共同影响确实需要开始思考。”)”可知，埃斯蒂里认为影响能源消耗的各种因素（如人口结构、气候等）需综合考虑。故选C项。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Most modelling of climate change mitigation assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.(大多数减缓气候变化的模型假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变，要么随时间仅发生少量变化。)”可知，大多数气候变化缓解模型的缺点是认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微的变化。故选D项。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. (英国埃克塞特大学的凯瑟琳·米切尔表示，这项研究可能会对政策制定者产生重要影响。她说：“论文指出，关于建筑物如何使用能源的研究很多，但关于居住者如何使用能源的研究可能不够。”)”可知，最后一段强调应更多关注“人”的能源使用情况。故选A项。 D It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has a different opinion than our own. When opinions differ there is often a conflict. This is where much of the conflict with adults and teens begins. Therefore, it is important to always make the difference clear between fact and opinion. Opinions change, facts always remain the same. I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they’re wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves. If you don’t know there is the cliff, why would you ever be concerned about being close to the edge? I dealt with a teen today who was involved in some gangster (歹徒) activities. This girl was raised in a good home with concerned parents. However, other interests have taken over in her life. Friends have become everything. These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life. The challenge for the rest of us is helping this girl see how and where her new interests will take her. We have felt mild success as relationships of trust are built and improved. In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding this conflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choice between life and death. It’s easy for the rest of us to be casual about this because the right choice seems so obvious to us. It is important to know it is much different to this young person who is still developing and searching. Therefore, it is important that the adult should do everything possible to help the teen be fully informed about the choice before them. Provide choices and show how making different choices will improve things and provide security for the teen now and in the future. The choice to go with the crowd or with the few can be a very difficult one to make. I believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids. Our very own future is absolutely at key point any time we advise and guide the youth. 51. From paragraph 1 we know the gap between father and son lies in that _________. A. facts always remain the same B. opinions are always different from facts C. different opinions result from their conflict D. they have a disagreement about the same fact 52. What contributes to the girl’s crime according to the text? A. Different values. B. Unconcerned parents. C. Her poor family. D. Gangster activities 53. Adults should try their best to help teens make a choice regarding the conflict because _________. A. the wrong choice will lead to complete failure in the future B. the choice is difficult to make for still developing teens C. the right choice is easy for adults to see and understand D. the choice made by teens determines their life or death 54. Why should the adult never stop helping the teen according to the last paragraph? A. Because the teen won’t give up themselves. B. Because the adults’ future depends on the youth. C. Because the adult can give advice and guidance. D. Because the teen’s future is in danger. 55. It can be inferred from the text that _________. A. showing the results of their behavior is a good way to help people B. helping teenagers always means meeting trouble C. it’s quite easy to keep a good relationship with others D. it’s hard to make wise choices in our life 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。当我们接触到一个与我们有不同意见的人时，总是很困难的。当意见不同时，往往会有冲突。这就是与成年人和青少年之间的冲突开始的地方。因此，重要的是，成年人应该尽一切可能帮助青少年充分了解他们面前的选择。提供选择，展示如何做出选择，以及为青少年提供提供建议和指导。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“It is always difficult when we are exposed to someone who has a different opinion than our own. When opinions differ, there is often a conflict. This is where much of the conflict with adults and teens begins.” 当我们接触到一个与我们有不同意见的人时，总是很困难的。当意见不同时，往往会有冲突。这就是与成年人和青少年之间的冲突开始的地方。由此可知，父子之间的隔阂源自他们对同一事实持有不同的看法，从而产生冲突和矛盾。结合选项，故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“These friends come from different families with different values. This is where the conflict has appeared in her life.” 这些朋友来自不同的家庭，有不同的价值观。由此可知，导致女孩卷入犯罪的原因是价值观不同。结合选项故选，故选A。 53题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“In the end, however, the teen has to make a choice regarding this conflict. It is important for adults to remember how serious this choice is. For some this can feel like a choice between life and death” 然而，最终，青少年不得不对这场冲突做出选择。对于成年人来说，记住这个选择有多严重是很重要的。对一些人来说，这感觉像是生与死之间的选择。由此可知，作出选择对于青少年就像是生与死之间的选择，还是很难的。结合选项，故选B。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“I believe it is absolutely essential that we never give up on these kids. Our very own future is absolutely at key point any time we advise and guide the youth.” 我相信我们绝不放弃这些孩子是绝对必要的。我们自己的未来在任何时候都是至关重要的，我们给年轻人提供建议和指导。由此可知，成年人不应该停止帮助青少年的原因是因为成年人的未来取决于年轻人。结合选项，故选B。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they’re wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves.” 我发现更有效的方法是帮助别人看到自己行为的后果。由此可以推断出，展示他们行为的结果是帮助别人的好方法。结合选项，故选A。 【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本题第5小题，根据文章第二段中“I have found that it does absolutely no good to tell someone they’re wrong. I have found that to be more effective is to help someone see the consequences of their behavior for themselves.” 我发现更有效的方法是帮助别人看到自己行为的后果。由此可以推断出，展示他们行为的结果是帮助别人的好方法。结合选项，故选A。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 When I was young, my mum had a hard time. Five years earlier, my Dad drowned. The burden to raise us kids only fell on my mum’s shoulders. Because Dad had no pension, there was not much money. Thus, we went on relief (救济), now called social assistance. Looking back, I realize what Mum went through, sending us kids to school. Every morning she would put a new piece of cardboard in our shoes, because our soles were worn out. Constant moving was typical for my family in these times. I still remember that once the rent for a house was twenty-five dollars a month. But Mum couldn’t pay it, and we knew we would be evicted right after Christmas on the first of January. Unexpectedly, when Christmas was approaching, we received a twenty-five dollar Christmas fund for social services. Mum said that instead of buying food, she would use the money to pay rent, assuring us all of a roof over our heads for a little while longer. She told us then there would be nothing for Christmas. I had a secret that was unknown to Mum. I had been selling Christmas trees, and doing odd jobs to earn enough money to buy a new pair of comfortable boots for myself. Well, the big day came on the afternoon of the Christmas Eve. I was very excited. But on the way to the boots store, I noticed a house with Christmas lights and decorations. It was then that I realized at our house, we had no lights, no decorations, nor turkey or ham for Christmas. I felt very sad. I was eleven years old, and I was feeling a strange sense of guilt. Here I was going to buy a new pair of boots while Mum was home in tears. She would be trying to explain to us why there were no presents. So finally, I bought a turkey, ham, oranges and all the Christmas treats with my hard-earned money. Later, with great excitement in my eyes, I knocked on the door. When my mum opened the door, some of the groceries fell onto the floor, and she just stood there surprised. Holding back the tears, I said, “Merry Christmas Mother!” I did a lot of explaining as we unpacked all the food. That day I got enough hugs and kisses from Mum. She said I had grown up. 56. Why did the author’s mother have a hard time? (no more than 12 words) 57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (no more than 10 words) 58. What was the author’s secret? (no more than 10 words) 59. What made the author’s mother surprised? (no more than 10 words) 60. Do you agree with the mother’s words that the author had grown up? And why? (no more than 25 words) 【答案】56. Because she had to support the poor family on her own. 57. We would be forced/driven to leave. 58. That he did part-time jobs to buy himself new boots. 59. That the author brought home groceries for Christmas. 60. (Open.)Yes. Because he was able to care for his mother and the whole family instead of just himself. 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候因父亲去世家庭经济困难，要接受社会援助。圣诞节前夕，妈妈得到了一笔25美元的圣诞社会服务基金，却只能用付房租，而不能买圣诞礼物。作者通过卖圣诞树、打零工挣了钱，本想买一双舒适的靴子，但最后买了圣诞所需的东西，得到了妈妈的赞扬。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的Five years earlier, my Dad drowned. The burden to raise us kids only fell on my mum’s shoulders. Because Dad had no pension, there was not much money.(五年前，我爸爸淹死了。抚养我们孩子的重担只落在我妈妈肩上。因为爸爸没有养老金，所以没有多少钱)可知，妈妈过的艰难是因为她要独自养家。故答案为Because she had to support the poor family on her own. 【57题详解】 句意猜测题。由第二段中的I still remember that once the rent for a house was twenty-five dollars a month. But Mum couldn’t pay it, and we knew we would be evicted right after Christmas on the first of January.(我还记得有一次房子的租金是每月二十五美元，但妈妈付不起，我们知道我们会在1月1日圣诞节后被驱逐)可知，付不起房租会被赶走，所以we would be evicted意为“我们将会被赶走”。故答案为We would be forced/driven to leave. 【58题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段中的I had a secret that was unknown to Mum. I had been selling Christmas trees, and doing odd jobs to earn enough money to buy a new pair of comfortable boots for myself.(我有一个妈妈不知道的秘密。我一直在卖圣诞树，打零工挣足够的钱给自己买一双新的舒适的靴子)可知，作者的秘密是打零工赚钱给自己买新靴子。故答案为That he did part-time jobs to buy himself new boots. 【59题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的So finally, I bought a turkey, ham, oranges and all the Christmas treats with my hard-earned money.(最后，我用辛苦挣来的钱买了一只火鸡、火腿、桔子和所有的圣诞礼物)和倒数第二段中的When my mum opened the door, some of the groceries fell onto the floor, and she just stood there surprised.(当我妈妈打开门时，一些杂货掉到了地板上，她只是惊讶地站在那里)可知，是作者在圣诞节带回家的杂货让妈妈惊讶。故答案为That the author brought home groceries for Christmas. 【60题详解】 开放性题目。考生可在文章的基础上结合自己对文章的体会答题，言之有理即可。故答案为(Open.)Yes. Because he was able to care for his mother and the whole family instead of just himself. 第二节：书面表达 （满分25分） 61. 假定你是高三学生李津，近期你发现同学们因沉重的学习压力，将自己整日禁锢于教室与书本之间，错失了许多亲近自然的宝贵机会。请你根据以上内容，写一篇英文稿件，向校英语报投稿，倡议同学们多参与户外活动，拥抱大自然。 内容包括：1. 高中生忽视户外活动的现状； 2. 户外活动益处(放松身心、陶冶情操等)； 3. 发出倡议。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 It is universally acknowledged that most high school students rarely engage in outdoor activities, for many of them are so overwhelmed by academic pressure that they confine/restrict/limit themselves to classrooms and textbooks all day long. While studying is undoubtedly important, we should not overlook the value of stepping outside and embracing nature, which can not only refresh our minds but also broaden our horizons. It’s time to rethink our lifestyle and rediscover the beauty of the outdoors, offering countless benefits. First of all, outdoor exercise strengthens our bodies, boosting our energy and improving our concentration in order to learn effectively. What’s more, what is worth mentioning is that not only does it reduce the study pressure but also it inspires creativity, cultivating our appreciation for life. Therefore, I urge everyone to set aside some time each week for outdoor activities. Let’s take action to reconnect with nature! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高三学生李津的身份，向校英语报投稿，倡议同学们在学习压力下多参与户外活动、拥抱大自然，需包含现状、益处和倡议三方面内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参与：engage in → participate in 忽视：overlook → ignore 提升，增强：boost → enhance 激发：inspire → motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Therefore, I urge everyone to set aside some time each week for outdoor activities. 拓展句：Therefore, I urge everyone who has been buried in study all day to set aside some time each week for outdoor activities. 【点睛】[高分句型1] While studying is undoubtedly important, we should not overlook the value of stepping outside and embracing nature, which can not only refresh our minds but also broaden our horizons. (运用了while引导的让步状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型3] What’s more, what is worth mentioning is that not only does it reduce the study pressure but also it inspires creativity, cultivating our appreciation for life. (运用了what引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句和部分倒装结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $