Unit 4 Section Ⅴ “Extended reading”的课文习读环节 课时检测-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册配套练习word（译林版）

Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节 [课时检测]　　　　　　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It's natural to think about what goes into producing the food in your daily lunch bag.But have you ever stopped to consider the production techniques behind the bag itself? At the center of it is a woman named Margaret Knight. From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.In the article titled “The Evolution of the Grocery Bag”， its writer mentions a few of her childhood projects.She was “famous for her kites”， and “her sleds were the envy of the town's boys”． To support her mother, she took a job at a cotton factory when she was 12.That same year she invented a shuttle system which helped to prevent injury.At the time, she had no concept of patenting her idea.What strengthened her place in history was her working experience at the Columbia Paper Bag Company.Here, instead of folding every paper bag by hand, Knight wondered if she might be able to make them cleanly and rapidly via an automated machine.The result was a working model of her elegant paper－folding machine.But this time she wanted to go to the extra step and secure a patent on her creation, a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women. Not only did Knight file for a patent, she bravely defended her ownership of the bag machine idea.A man named Charles Annan said the creation was his own, arguing no woman could be able to design such a machine.Knight fought a legal battle against him and handed Annan a courtroom (法庭) defeat by presenting her detailed hand－drawn blueprints.Finally, Knight received her rightful patent in 1871. After making the machine, she continued to invent many other things like a paper feeding machine and a skirt protector.Knight, at the age of seventy, worked twenty hours a day on 89th invention. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女发明家玛格丽特·奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。 1．Why does the writer mention Knight's childhood projects? A．To introduce a book to readers. B．To tell us young Knight liked sports. C．To show Knight was envied by other girls. D．To show Knight was creative as a child. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“From her earliest years, Knight was a restless creator.”可知，作者提到奈特的童年计划是为了向人们展示奈特小时候的创造力。 2．Which words can best describe Knight? A．Intelligent and generous. B．Courageous and hard－working. C．Considerate and optimistic. D．Independent and determined. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的“a brave move for a woman in the 19th century, when an extremely small percentage of patents were held by women”和最后一段最后一句可知，奈特是勤劳勇敢的。 3．What do we know about the paper folding machine? A．It turned out to be slower but safer. B．It was co－invented by Knight and Annan. C．It proved Knight's position as an inventor. D．It was the first machine to be patented by a woman. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What strengthened her place in history was ...a working model of her elegant paper－folding machine.”可知，这台折纸机证明了奈特作为发明家的地位。 4．How is the text mainly developed? A．By following the order of time. B．By making some comments. C．By making a comparison. D．By listing examples. 解析：选A　写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章以时间为线索，讲述了奈特小时候爱好创造，后来发明折纸机器并在一番曲折后获得专利的故事。 B What are scientists? They are often described as gray－haired white－coated dull scholars. But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage. This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wang Ruixue.At the age of 28 in 2018, Wang Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers. She focuses mainly on biomedicine (生物医学) and artificial intelligence.“Both are cutting－edge (前沿的) technologies at an early stage of development，” she said. “So, I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting－edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line.And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.” She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young，” she said.In 2009, she entered Sun Yat－sen University. In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she emailed China's top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high－definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough. Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wang currently has no plan to go overseas. “The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China，” she said, adding the country has great science facilities. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，为社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。 5．What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Giving out.　　　　 B．Getting over. C．Finding out. D．Taking over. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“making their voices heard and releasing their powers”可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家正发出自己的声音，释放自己的能量。由此猜测出releasing有“发出，散发”之意。 6．What does Wang Ruixue feel about the study of cutting－edge technologies in China? A．Anxious. B．Confident. C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，对中国前沿技术的研究，王瑞雪充满信心。 7．What can we learn about Wang Ruixue's journey of becoming a biologist? A．Her teacher led her into the field. B．She finds it's easier than she thought. C．Her contribution has been recognized. D．She thinks it's boring but worth trying. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，在成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了认可。 8．Which can be the best title of the text? A．China's Breakthrough in Science B．Rising Young Scientists in China C．Wang Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist D．New Image of Chinese Scientists 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第二、三段可知，在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声音，释放他们的能量，中国也是如此。故B项“中国正在崛起的年轻科学家”适合作文章标题。 C Isaac Newton's book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, the known number of first editions of the book has more than doubled, including the first ones found in Asia, according to a new survey. Nearly 200 first editions of the Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia. Before this new survey, the size of the Principia's first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long－held idea that the book, formally titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, at 500 pages and written in Latin, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians. Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton's input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton's answer — an ellipse (椭圆), and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it. Such a book of knowledge carries great value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years，” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth so far as heavenly bodies are concerned and realized that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there's a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查发现，牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》一书首版发行量比人们以为的多很多。 9．What does the new survey show about first editions of the Principia? A．They failed to be seen in Africa. B．They were 586 in number in total. C．They were written in many languages. D．They reached more audience than thought. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, the known number of first editions ...including Africa and Australia.”可知，这本书首版拥有的读者比人们以为的要多。 10．How was the Principia traditionally regarded? A．It was not easy to understand. B．It had fewer and fewer readers. C．It should be widely promoted. D．It was written for mathematicians. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a long－held idea that the book ...was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians”可知，长期以来人们一直认为，这本书除了一小部分数学专家外，几乎没人能够看懂。 11．What interested Halley most according to paragraph 3? A．The comet named after him. B．Newton's answer to his question. C．Newton's calculating process. D．The promotion of the Principia. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Excited by Newton's answer ...and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations”可知，牛顿的计算过程最使哈雷感兴趣。 12．Which of the following can best describe Newton's work according to Feingold? A．Arguable.　　　　　　 B．Inclusive. C．Complex. D．Modern. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Feingold所说的“the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years”和“Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo ...had put forth”可知， Feingold 认为牛顿的这本书对之前一百年的作品进行了汇总，整合了开普勒、伽利略、笛卡尔及其他科学家提出的观点。由此可知，这本书兼容并包。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五() Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique.It involves explaining what you're learning to others.By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall.__13__ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it.The technique consists of four repeatable steps. To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. __14__ The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it.Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. __15__ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five－year－old.If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience.But it works much better if you use a real person.They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear. While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding.__16__ Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person.This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit. The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown－ups to learn.__17__ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else.However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before. A．It is mentally demanding. B．This helps the information stick in your mind better. C．Teach it to a five－year－old, who would give you direct feedback. D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. E．Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else. F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning. G．When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼提出的“费曼学习法”。 13．选B　上文提到，通过根据记忆教授你所学的内容，你就能积极回忆。故B项“这有助于信息更好地留在你的脑海中”承接上文，符合语境。 14．选D　下文介绍了兴趣和学习之间的关系：你越感兴趣，就能越快掌握它。此外，一个个人感兴趣的话题会让你保持动力和投入。故D项“你对它的好奇心将决定你的学习进度”衔接下文，符合语境。 15．选E　下文提到：记下要点，用五岁小孩能理解的方式解释。如果你不想真的教别人，你可以把它教给一个想象中的听众。故E项“一旦你选择了一个主题，你就可以把它教给其他人”引起下文，符合语境。 16．选G　上文提到，在教学过程中，你可能会发现自己理解上的差距；下文则说，出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记、重读书籍、寻求外部帮助。故G项“当这种情况发生时，请回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分”承上启下，符合语境。 17．选A　下文提到，你需要积极地思考问题，而不是被动地阅读或听别人说话。故A项“这对思维要求很高”引起下文，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $