Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature (Section A) 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元复习讲义以思维导图系统梳理Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature的知识体系，通过表格归纳重点短语（如natural wonders、as quickly as you can），分模块解析核心词汇（如wonder、depth）、重难句型（原级、比较级、最高级）及度量表达等，清晰呈现知识脉络与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+综合过关”的分层练习设计，如词汇解析后配单项填空，句型解析后设语法填空，培养学生语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。知识过关练习涵盖翻译、选词填空等题型，基础学生可夯实基础，优秀学生能提升综合运用能力，为教师实施精准复习提供有力支持。

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. connect with nature 与大自然建立联系 2. natural wonders 自然奇观 3. as quickly as you can 尽可能快地 4. the highest mountain 最高的山 5. in the world 在世界上 6. how high 多高(询问高度海拔) 7. on earth 在地球上 8. in the ocean 在海洋中 9. the lowest place 最低的地方 10. *square kilometre  平方千米  11. in size 在尺寸上/在大小方面 12. *sea level  海平面 13. deep-sea animals 深海动物 14. dive into the deep sea 潜入到深海 15. the longest river  最长的河流 16. travel the farthest 流得最远 17. 6,300 kilometers long 6300千米长 18. the second longest 第二长的 19. by the way 顺便问一下 20. both...and...   两者都 21. ancient civilizations  古代文明 22. *at all costs  不惜任何代价  23. the biggest desert 最大的沙漠 24. how big 多大(询问面积) 25. how deep 多深(询问深度) 26. 11,000 meters deep 11000米深 27. as well as 和…一样好；也 28. one of the greatest wonders 最伟大的奇观之一 29. 5895 meters high 5898米高 30. *cubic metre  立方米 31. pour down 倾泻而下 32. each second   每秒 33. a total area of... 总面积... 34. a magical experience   神奇的体验 35. went closer to 走得更靠近... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 [词汇拓展] wonderful (adj.) 极好的；绝妙的；wonderfully(adv.)精彩地，绝妙地 [词汇搭配] natural wonders自然奇观；no wonder难怪，不足为奇 do wonders(为某人/替某事）创造奇迹；产生神奇作用 wonder about 想弄明白，琢磨；wonder at (对…)大为吃惊 [词汇例句] I wonder what he is doing now. 我想知道他现在在做什么。 [随学随练] 用wonder适当形式填空 (1) It is a  of the earth that has received attention from many people for years. (2) Trees also provide us with delicious fruit and  drinks. (3) Lang Lang is a famous Chinese musician and he plays the piano  . (4) I  what you were doing at 6:00 yesterday afternoon. 2. below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. & adv.在（……）下面；低于 [词汇拓展] under(prep.)在...下方；above(prep.)在...上方 [词汇搭配] below sea level在海平面下；below average 低于平均水平；below (the)ground在地下 [词汇辨析] below / under · below表示方位时，表示某物在某物的下方任意位置，其相对的词为above。under表示方位时，表示某物在某物的正下方，其相对的词为over。 She dived below the surface of the water. 她潜入了水中。 There is a red chair under the desk. 桌子下有一把红色的椅子。 · 表示数量、重量、年龄、温度等时，below与under常可以互换使用。 The temperature is below/under 38℃ now. 现在温度在38摄氏度以下。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You can’t swim in the river in early spring, as the water temperature is still just ________ zero. A．beside B．above C．below D．upon (2) —What can you see from the top of the mountain? —We can see a lake ________ us. A．past B．across C．along D．below 3. level /ˈlevl/ n. 高度；水平；程度  [词汇搭配] sea level海平面；low/high pollution levels 轻度/重度污染；eye level视线的水平高度 [词汇例句] The tables are not on a level (= the same height) .这些桌子高矮不一。 Computer screens should be at eye level. 计算机屏幕应该与眼睛齐平。 [随学随练] 单项填空 After three months of practice, her English _________ has improved a lot.She can now talk with foreigners. A．level B．speed C．score D．place 4. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；表层 [词汇搭配] the earth's surface地球表面；on the surface表面上；从外表看；乍一看 [词汇例句] Teeth have a hard surface layer called enamel.牙齿有一层叫做釉质的坚硬表层。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Alice, look at this desk! Dust has collected on the ________ of the desk. —Oh, no! I will clean it up in ten minutes. A．material B．surface C．matter D．stage 5. depth /depθ/ n. 深（度）；纵深 [词汇拓展] deep(adj.)深的 [词汇搭配] ocean depths海洋深度；the depth of a cut刀口深度；in depth全面；深入；详细 be out of one’s depth非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及 [词汇例句] What's the depth of the river? 这条河有多深？ [随学随练] 单项填空 To ensure the safety of the bridge, the engineers need to measure the ________ of the river first. A．deep B．deepen C．depth D．deeply 6. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的；不寻常的 [词汇拓展] usual(adj.)通常的，寻常的；usually(adv.)通常 [词汇搭配] unusual abilities特别的能力；an unusual name一个特别的名字 [词汇例句] Mount Huangshan is known for its strange pine trees, unusual rocks, and sea of clouds.黄山以奇特的松树、奇异的岩石和云海而闻名。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —This history book is not like the ones we use in school. —I know. It’s an ________ book because it tells history from a child’s view. A．awful B．ancient C．organized D．unusual 7. bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部；最下部 [词汇拓展] top(n.)顶部 [词汇搭配] at the bottom of...在...底部；是…的真正原因，是...的根源；at bottom归根结底；本质上 from the (bottom of one’s) heart真诚地；从内心(深处);from top to bottom从上到下；彻底地 [随学随练] 用bottom相关表达补全句子。 (1) 我们把房子彻底打扫了一遍。 We cleaned the house . (2) 我常常发现愤怒是问题的真正根源。 Often I find that anger is . (3) 所以，再次衷心感谢。 So, once again, thank you  . (4) 请核对并在本页底部签字。 Please check and sign . 8. civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (= civilisation) n. 文明 [词汇拓展] civilize/civilise (v.) 教化，使文明；civilized/civilised (adj.)文明的，开化的 [词汇拓展] ancient civilizations 古代文明；the technology of modern civilization现代文明的技术 [词汇用法] · civilization泛指文明，指人类社会高度发达且组织有序的状态，用作不可数名词。 our advanced state of civilization.我们高度发达的文明 · civilization指特定时期和地区的社会文明，用作可数名词。 the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome古希腊和古罗马的社会文明 [随学随练] 单项填空 We should protect our rivers because they helped ancient ________ develop. A．civilizations B．cities C．countries D．people 9. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；壮大 [词汇拓展] develop (v.) 发展；开发； developed(adj.)发达的；成熟的；developing(adj.)发展中的 [词汇搭配] the development of... ...的发展 [词汇例句] With the development of technology, digital money is becoming more and more popular.随着技术的发展，数字货币越来越受欢迎。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) With the ________ of technology, our life is becoming easier and faster. A．develop B．development C．developed D．developing (2) We all know China is a ________ country but Germany is a ________ country. A．developing; developing B．developed; developing C．developing; developed D．developed; developed 10. cubic /ˈkjuːbɪk/ adj. 立方的 [词汇拓展] cube(n.)立方体 [词汇搭配] cubic meter 立方米；200 cubic meters of water 两百立方米的水 [词汇例句] It provides more than 60 billion cubic meters of clean water each year.它每年提供超过600亿立方米的清洁水源。 11. mile /maɪl/ n. 英里 [词汇拓展] foot(n.)英尺(=30.48厘米)；inch(n.)英寸(=2.54厘米)；mph(miles per hour)英里每小时 [词汇搭配] a mile 1英里(=1609米); 4,000 miles long四千英里长；miles away非常远；开小差，走神 A miss is as good as a mile.差之毫厘，谬以千里。 [词汇例句] I'm not walking─it's miles away . 我不会走着去的—太远了 12. pool /puːl/ n. 池塘；水坑 [词汇拓展] pond(n.)池塘(尤指人工的) [词汇搭配] swimming pool 游泳池；a pool of blood一滩血 [词汇例句] The pool has dried. 这个池塘已经干涸了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Becky always has fun in the ________ because she likes swimming best. A．library B．kitchen C．pool D．hall 3、 重难句型解析 1. 原级句型 (教材原句)Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as well as others.有些深海动物是盲目的，但它们也能像其他动物一样“看到”东西。 as...as...表示“和...一样...样的/地”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。 This square is as big as the one in the town. 这个广场和镇子里的那个一样大。 Alice can run as fast as Lucy. 艾丽斯能和露西跑得一样快。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) When a patient sneezes or coughs, flu viruses can travel ________ one metre through the air. A．as long as B．as far as C．as well as D．as soon as (2) She sings _______ as her mother. A．as beautiful B．as beautifully C．more beautiful D．most beautifully 2. 比较级句型 (教材原句)which Chinese submersible dived deeper in the water than many other “比较级+than...”是最常用的比较级句型之一。 He can jump high than David. 他比大卫跳得高。 (教材原句)As we went closer to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder. louder and louder是“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越...”。 It’s getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越炎热了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Linda writes as ________ as Lily and they’re good students. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully (2) —Which city is ________than Guangzhou, Shanghai or Beijing ? —Beijing is, I think. A．larger B．the larger C．largest      D．the largest 3. 最高级句型 (教材原句)The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 此句是最高级的句型之一：“the+最高级+名词+in/of...(表范围)”，表示“...中(范围)最...样的...”。 Red Star Square is the biggest square in the city. 红星广场是这个城市最大的广场。 (教材原句)The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest. 黄河长5464公里，是第二长的河流。 “the+序数词+最高级”表示“第几最...样的”。 David runs the fourth fast in his class. 大卫是他们班跑的第四快地。 (教材原句)Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world, and it is still growing taller. “one of +the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最...的...之一”。 This is one of the most exciting movies I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的电影之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —China is one of ________ countries in protecting its people. —So it is. It always puts its people in the first place. A．successful B．the successful C．more successful D．the most successful (2) Nanjing isn’t as large ________ Shanghai, but it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．like; largest B．as; large C．as; largest D．like; large 4. how特殊疑问句 (教材原句)How big is it? 它有多大？ (教材原句)How deep is it? 它有多深？ how+adj./adv.短语用来引导特殊疑问句，询问具体的信息。how big用于询问“多大（面积）”；how deep询问“多深”；how far询问“多远（距离）”；how heavy询问“多重”；how often询问“多久一次（频度）”。 How often do you practise the piano? 你多久练习一次钢琴？ How heavy is the cat? 这只猫有多重？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) — ________ do you rest between classes on weekdays?       —About fifteen minutes. A．How long B．How many C．How much D．How often (2) —________ is it from your home to school? —About 10 minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How many 4、 其他知识解析 1. 度量的表达 (教材原句)It travels the farthest and is about 6,300 kilometers long. 表示“...长/宽/深/高...”等度量可以用“基数词+单位+形容词(long/wide/deep/high/...)”结构。 The river is about 5 meters wide. 这条河大约5米宽。 The mountain is about 300 meters high. 这座山大约300米高。 (教材原句)It is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size. 表示度量还可用“基数词+单位+in+度量名词(size/depth/length/height/width...) The house is about 126 square meters in size. 这房子面积大约 126 平方米。 (教材原句)The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000 square meters. 表示面积还可以用“have/cover+an area of +基数词+单位”结构。 The farm covers an area of about 5,000 square meters. 这个农场占地面积约 5000 平方米。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —How large the hall is! —Yes. It covers (a/an) ________ of three football fields. A．area B．space C．period D．weight (2) Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River is about ________ long. A．eight thousand metres B．eight-thousand-metre C．eight-thousands-metres D．eight thousands metres 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)By the way, do you know why it’s called the Yellow River? 顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫“黄河”吗？ is called是“be动词+动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被...”。 He is called “the King of Pop Music” in his class.在班里，他被称作 “流行音乐之王”。 [随学随练] 单项填空 English ________ in many countries around the world every day. A．speak B．speaks C．is spoken D．is speaking 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) The ________ (深度) of this river is about 10 meters, so don’t swim here. (2) The camel is known as the ship of the ________ (沙漠). (3) You can see the name of the writer at the _______ (底部) of the book. (4) There is a small ________ (池塘)in the yard where we can fish. (5) She jogged five _______ (英里) every morning. (6) He scored well ________ (低于) the average on the test. (7) The government should take action to control air pollution ________ (程度) in cities. (8) Make sure that the ________ (表面) is clean and dry before you start to paint. (9) Little Tom searched the whole room but found nothing ________ (不寻常的), so he went on reading. (10) The ________ (发展) of new technologies has greatly improved our daily lives. (11) The Changjiang River is one of the ________ ________ ________ (最伟大的自然奇观)in the world. (12) The swimming pool has a volume of 250 _________ ________ (立方米), making it suitable for competitive training. (13) Our school covers an area of 5,00 ________ ________ (平方米). It has a large library and a swimming pool. (14) We should protect them ________ ________ ________(不惜任何代价). 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Think of something ________ (wonder) and you won’t feel upset any more. (2) When I first saw the Great Wall, I __________ (wonder) how people built it thousands of years ago. (3) Do you know the ________ (deep) of this river near our town? (4) It’s ________ (usual) for a child to make such a great invention at the age of eight. (5) Van Gogh had a great influence on the ________ (develop) of modern painting. (6) Last year, people ________ (film) a lovely harbor seal (斑海豹) in the waters near Sanya. (7) The guide told us that the cave was 200 meters ________ (deep). (8) Hainan is the ________ (two) largest island in China. (9) —Can you tell me which day has _________ (long) daytime of the year? —The Summer Solstice(夏至). (10) K2 is the second ________ (high) mountain in the world. (11) Your dad is coming in 30 ________ (second). (12) This is ______________ (scary) roller coaster I have ever ridden! (13) Many scientists believe that the elephant is one of the ________ (big) animals on land. (14) In the dancing contest, Nancy danced as ________ as Mary, but Lisa danced even ________ than any other girl. (well) (15) The National Park is huge－27,134 kilometres ________ size. (16) Mount Qomolangma is ________ (high) mountain in the world, with a ________ (high) of over 8,848 metres. 3. 单项填空 (1) —How deep is the lake? —It’s about 20 metres in ________. A．depth B．surface C．bottom D．level (2) —After the fire destroyed their home, the neighbours offered help at once. The family said, “We really thank them from the ________ of our hearts.” —True kindness shines brightest in difficult times. A．way B．condition C．surface D．bottom (3) — How do you like Chongqing Grand Hotel? — Wonderful! I’m especially satisfied with the high ________ of its service. A．price B．praise C．level D．risk (4) — Are you happy with the result of the last English test? — No. As the saying goes: “________.” I made many careless mistakes in it. A．A miss is as good as a mile B．It never rains but it pours C．The early bird catches the worm D．Every dog has its day (5) —Is Mary as ________ as Lucy? —Yes. But she is ________ than Lucy. A．smart, hard-working B．smarter, hard-working C．smarter, more hard-working D．smart, more hard-working (6) The number of rare birds is becoming ________ because there are ________ living areas for wildlife! A．fewer and fewer; less and less B．smaller and smaller; less and less C．fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller D．smaller and smaller; fewer and fewer (7) —Do you know ________ Huai’an Museum is? —It’s about 12,000 square meters in size. A．how far B．how much C．how many D．how large (8) —Excuse me, can you tell me how to say 5,607,813 in English？ —Yes. ________. A．Five million six hundred and seven thousand and eight hundred and thirteen B．Five millions six hundreds and seven thousands eight hundreds and thirteen C．Five million six hundred and seven thousand eight hundred and thirteen D．Five million and six hundred and seven thousand and eight hundred and thirteen (9) The rain was ______ so heavily that we had to stay inside all afternoon. A．pouring down B．falling down C．dropping down D．coming down (10) —Guess! Who did I meet ________ home? Sally, one of my classmates ten years ago. —Really? That’s amazing. ________, don’t stand ________ of the door—people need to pass through. A．in the way; By the way, on the way B．on the way; In the way; by the way C．on the way; By the way, in the way D．in the way; On the way; by the way 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 根据句意用方框中的单词或短语填空，每个只能用一次。 wonder, dive, below, cubic metre, square kilometre,desert,development, pool (1) When you look at Mount Kilimanjaro, do you ever how it formed? (2) The Sahara Desert is the largest hot in the world. (3) The lake is so clear that you can and see the bottom. (4) With the of the society, more and more people devote (投入) their energy to charity. (5) The East African Rift Valley has areas sea level. (6) The Sahara Desert covers over 9 million . (7) One of water from the Nile River has a specific weight. (8) The ducks are swimming in the happily. B 根据句意用方框中的短语填空，每个短语限用一次。 by the way  at the top of  close to  as well as  a part of (1) Our school is the park, so we often go there after class. (2) This beautiful song is his new album. (3) There is a big red flag the building. (4) , do you know where the nearest post office is? (5) She is good at singing dancing. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 我们应该不惜任何代价保护我们的“母亲河”。 (2) 黄山是安徽最受欢迎的地方之一 (3) 塔克拉玛干沙漠的总面积大约为337，000平方公里。 (4) 顺便问一下，你知道世界第二长河是哪条河吗？ (5) 房子前的这个池塘有多深？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语，斜体为听力文本中短语) 1. connect with nature 与大自然建立联系 2. natural wonders 自然奇观 3. as quickly as you can 尽可能快地 4. the highest mountain 最高的山 5. in the world 在世界上 6. how high 多高(询问高度海拔) 7. on earth 在地球上 8. in the ocean 在海洋中 9. the lowest place 最低的地方 10. *square kilometre  平方千米  11. in size 在尺寸上/在大小方面 12. *sea level  海平面 13. deep-sea animals 深海动物 14. dive into the deep sea 潜入到深海 15. the longest river  最长的河流 16. travel the farthest 流得最远 17. 6,300 kilometers long 6300千米长 18. the second longest 第二长的 19. by the way 顺便问一下 20. both...and...   两者都 21. ancient civilizations  古代文明 22. *at all costs  不惜任何代价  23. the biggest desert 最大的沙漠 24. how big 多大(询问面积) 25. how deep 多深(询问深度) 26. 11,000 meters deep 11000米深 27. as well as 和…一样好；也 28. one of the greatest wonders 最伟大的奇观之一 29. 5895 meters high 5898米高 30. *cubic metre  立方米 31. pour down 倾泻而下 32. each second   每秒 33. a total area of... 总面积... 34. a magical experience   神奇的体验 35. went closer to 走得更靠近... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 [词汇拓展] wonderful (adj.) 极好的；绝妙的；wonderfully(adv.)精彩地，绝妙地 [词汇搭配] natural wonders自然奇观；no wonder难怪，不足为奇 do wonders(为某人/替某事）创造奇迹；产生神奇作用 wonder about 想弄明白，琢磨；wonder at (对…)大为吃惊 [词汇例句] I wonder what he is doing now. 我想知道他现在在做什么。 [随学随练] 用wonder适当形式填空 (1) It is a wonder of the earth that has received attention from many people for years. (2) Trees also provide us with delicious fruit and wonderful drinks. (3) Lang Lang is a famous Chinese musician and he plays the piano wonderfully. (4) I wonder what you were doing at 6:00 yesterday afternoon. 2. below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. & adv.在（……）下面；低于 [词汇拓展] under(prep.)在...下方；above(prep.)在...上方 [词汇搭配] below sea level在海平面下；below average 低于平均水平；below (the)ground在地下 [词汇辨析] below / under · below表示方位时，表示某物在某物的下方任意位置，其相对的词为above。under表示方位时，表示某物在某物的正下方，其相对的词为over。 She dived below the surface of the water. 她潜入了水中。 There is a red chair under the desk. 桌子下有一把红色的椅子。 · 表示数量、重量、年龄、温度等时，below与under常可以互换使用。 The temperature is below/under 38℃ now. 现在温度在38摄氏度以下。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) You can’t swim in the river in early spring, as the water temperature is still just ________ zero. A．beside B．above C．below D．upon 【答案】C 【详解】句意：早春时你不能在河里游泳，因为水温仍然略低于零度。 考查介词辨析。beside在……旁边；above在……上方；below低于，在……下方；upon在……上（接触表面）。根据空前“as the water temperature is still just”以及常识可知，早春河水温度通常低于零度，且“just”常与below搭配表示“略低于”。故选C。 (2) —What can you see from the top of the mountain? —We can see a lake ________ us. A．past B．across C．along D．below 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——从山顶上你能看到什么？——我们能看到一个湖在我们下面。 考查介词辨析。past经过；across横过；along沿着；below在下面。根据“What can you see from the top of the mountain?”的语境可知，此处指从山顶俯瞰，湖应位于下方，below符合。故选D。 3. level /ˈlevl/ n. 高度；水平；程度  [词汇搭配] sea level海平面；low/high pollution levels 轻度/重度污染；eye level视线的水平高度 [词汇例句] The tables are not on a level (= the same height) .这些桌子高矮不一。 Computer screens should be at eye level. 计算机屏幕应该与眼睛齐平。 [随学随练] 单项填空 After three months of practice, her English _________ has improved a lot.She can now talk with foreigners. A．level B．speed C．score D．place 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经过三个月的练习，她的英语水平提高了很多。她现在可以和外国人交谈了。 level水平；speed速度；score分数；place地点。English level表示“英语水平”与“She can now talk with foreigners.”对应。因此选level。 4. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；表层 [词汇搭配] the earth's surface地球表面；on the surface表面上；从外表看；乍一看 [词汇例句] Teeth have a hard surface layer called enamel.牙齿有一层叫做釉质的坚硬表层。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Alice, look at this desk! Dust has collected on the ________ of the desk. —Oh, no! I will clean it up in ten minutes. A．material B．surface C．matter D．stage 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Alice，看看这张桌子！桌子的表面积满了灰尘。——哦，不！我十分钟后就把它擦干净。 考查名词辨析。material材料；surface表面；matter物质；stage舞台。根据“Dust has collected on...”可知，灰尘聚集的位置，应指桌子的表面。故选B。 5. depth /depθ/ n. 深（度）；纵深 [词汇拓展] deep(adj.)深的 [词汇搭配] ocean depths海洋深度；the depth of a cut刀口深度；in depth全面；深入；详细 be out of one’s depth非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及 [词汇例句] What's the depth of the river? 这条河有多深？ [随学随练] 单项填空 To ensure the safety of the bridge, the engineers need to measure the ________ of the river first. A．deep B．deepen C．depth D．deeply 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了确保桥梁的安全，工程师们需要先测量河流的深度。 考查词汇辨析。deep深的，形容词；deepen加深，动词；depth深度，名词；deeply深深地，副词。根据“measure the...of the river first”可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，表示测量的内容，因此应用depth。故选C。 6. unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的；不寻常的 [词汇拓展] usual(adj.)通常的，寻常的；usually(adv.)通常 [词汇搭配] unusual abilities特别的能力；an unusual name一个特别的名字 [词汇例句] Mount Huangshan is known for its strange pine trees, unusual rocks, and sea of clouds.黄山以奇特的松树、奇异的岩石和云海而闻名。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —This history book is not like the ones we use in school. —I know. It’s an ________ book because it tells history from a child’s view. A．awful B．ancient C．organized D．unusual 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这本历史书不像我们在学校用的那些。——我知道。因为它从孩子的视角讲述历史，所以它是一本不寻常的书。 考查形容词辨析。awful糟糕的；ancient古老的；organized有组织的；unusual不寻常的。根据“This history book is not like the ones we use in school”和“it tells history from a child’s view”可知，书不同于学校常规版本，且从孩子视角讲述历史，强调其独特性，故“不寻常的”最符合题意。故选D。 7. bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部；最下部 [词汇拓展] top(n.)顶部 [词汇搭配] at the bottom of...在...底部；是…的真正原因，是...的根源；at bottom归根结底；本质上 from the (bottom of one’s) heart真诚地；从内心(深处);from top to bottom从上到下；彻底地 [随学随练] 用bottom相关表达补全句子。 (1) 我们把房子彻底打扫了一遍。 We cleaned the house from top to bottom. (2) 我常常发现愤怒是问题的真正根源。 Often I find that anger is at the bottom of the problem. (3) 所以，再次衷心感谢。 So, once again, thank you from the bottom of my heart. (4) 请核对并在本页底部签字。 Please check and sign  at the bottom of this page. 8. civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (= civilisation) n. 文明 [词汇拓展] civilize/civilise (v.) 教化，使文明；civilized/civilised (adj.)文明的，开化的 [词汇拓展] ancient civilizations 古代文明；the technology of modern civilization现代文明的技术 [词汇用法] · civilization泛指文明，指人类社会高度发达且组织有序的状态，用作不可数名词。 our advanced state of civilization.我们高度发达的文明 · civilization指特定时期和地区的社会文明，用作可数名词。 the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome古希腊和古罗马的社会文明 [随学随练] 单项填空 We should protect our rivers because they helped ancient ________ develop. A．civilizations B．cities C．countries D．people 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该保护我们的河流，因为它们孕育了古代文明。 civilizations文明；cities城市；countries国家；people人民/人们。根据题干“ancient ...”及课文知识可知，河流孕育了古代“文明”，应填civilizations。 9. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；壮大 [词汇拓展] develop (v.) 发展；开发； developed(adj.)发达的；成熟的；developing(adj.)发展中的 [词汇搭配] the development of... ...的发展 [词汇例句] With the development of technology, digital money is becoming more and more popular.随着技术的发展，数字货币越来越受欢迎。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) With the ________ of technology, our life is becoming easier and faster. A．develop B．development C．developed D．developing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，我们的生活正变得越来越轻松、快速。 根据“With the…of technology”可知，此处是“with the development of…”结构，意为“随着……的发展”，故选B。 (2) We all know China is a ________ country but Germany is a ________ country. A．developing; developing B．developed; developing C．developing; developed D．developed; developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都知道中国是一个发展中国家，而德国是一个发达国家。 考查形容词辨析。developing发展中的；developed发达的。根据常识可知，中国是发展中国家，德国是发达国家。故选C。 10. cubic /ˈkjuːbɪk/ adj. 立方的 [词汇拓展] cube(n.)立方体 [词汇搭配] cubic meter 立方米；200 cubic meters of water 两百立方米的水 [词汇例句] It provides more than 60 billion cubic meters of clean water each year.它每年提供超过600亿立方米的清洁水源。 11. mile /maɪl/ n. 英里 [词汇拓展] foot(n.)英尺(=30.48厘米)；inch(n.)英寸(=2.54厘米)；mph(miles per hour)英里每小时 [词汇搭配] a mile 1英里(=1609米); 4,000 miles long四千英里长；miles away非常远；开小差，走神 A miss is as good as a mile.差之毫厘，谬以千里。 [词汇例句] I'm not walking─it's miles away . 我不会走着去的—太远了 12. pool /puːl/ n. 池塘；水坑 [词汇拓展] pond(n.)池塘(尤指人工的) [词汇搭配] swimming pool 游泳池；a pool of blood一滩血 [词汇例句] The pool has dried. 这个池塘已经干涸了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Becky always has fun in the ________ because she likes swimming best. A．library B．kitchen C．pool D．hall 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝基在游泳池里总是玩得很开心，因为她最喜欢游泳。 考查名词辨析。library图书馆；kitchen厨房；pool游泳池；hall大厅。根据“because she likes swimming best.”及常识可知，游泳的地方是游泳池，故选C。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 原级句型 (教材原句)Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as well as others.有些深海动物是盲目的，但它们也能像其他动物一样“看到”东西。 as...as...表示“和...一样...样的/地”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。 This square is as big as the one in the town. 这个广场和镇子里的那个一样大。 Alice can run as fast as Lucy. 艾丽斯能和露西跑得一样快。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) When a patient sneezes or coughs, flu viruses can travel ________ one metre through the air. A．as long as B．as far as C．as well as D．as soon as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当病人打喷嚏或咳嗽时，流感病毒可以通过空气传播远达一米。 考查短语辨析。as long as只要；as far as远达；as well as和……一样好；as soon as一……就……。空格处需要表达“远达”的含义，用来描述病毒传播的距离，“as far as”符合语境，故选B。 (2) She sings _______ as her mother. A．as beautiful B．as beautifully C．more beautiful D．most beautifully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她唱歌和她妈妈一样好听。 根据“sings”可知，此处应该用副词修饰动词，排除AC选项；as...as中间接形容词或副词原级，排除D选项。应填as beautifully。 2. 比较级句型 (教材原句)which Chinese submersible dived deeper in the water than many other “比较级+than...”是最常用的比较级句型之一。 He can jump high than David. 他比大卫跳得高。 (教材原句)As we went closer to the falls, the noise of the water slowly grew louder and louder. louder and louder是“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越...”。 It’s getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越炎热了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Linda writes as ________ as Lily and they’re good students. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：琳达写得和莉莉一样认真，她们都是好学生。 考查副词原级比较。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；more careful更仔细的，形容词比较级；more carefully更仔细地，副词比较级。句中“as…as”表示“和……一样”，中间需用形容词或副词的原级；修饰动词“writes”应使用副词“carefully”。故选B。 (2) —Which city is ________than Guangzhou, Shanghai or Beijing ? —Beijing is, I think. A．larger B．the larger C．largest      D．the largest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哪个城市比广州更大，上海还是北京？——我认为是北京。 than表明此处应用形容词的比较级，形容词最高级不能与than连用，排除C、D选项；比较级前通常不加定冠词the，排除B选项，larger符合题意。 3. 最高级句型 (教材原句)The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 此句是最高级的句型之一：“the+最高级+名词+in/of...(表范围)”，表示“...中(范围)最...样的...”。 Red Star Square is the biggest square in the city. 红星广场是这个城市最大的广场。 (教材原句)The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest. 黄河长5464公里，是第二长的河流。 “the+序数词+最高级”表示“第几最...样的”。 David runs the fourth fast in his class. 大卫是他们班跑的第四快地。 (教材原句)Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world, and it is still growing taller. “one of +the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最...的...之一”。 This is one of the most exciting movies I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的电影之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —China is one of ________ countries in protecting its people. —So it is. It always puts its people in the first place. A．successful B．the successful C．more successful D．the most successful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——中国是保护其人民最成功的国家之一。——的确如此。它总是把人民放在第一位。 固定搭配“one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”。successful是多音节形容词，其最高级形式为the most successful，应填the most successful。 (2) Nanjing isn’t as large ________ Shanghai, but it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．like; largest B．as; large C．as; largest D．like; large 【答案】C 【详解】句意：南京不如上海大，但它是华东地区第二大城市。 like像；as作为，如同；large大的；largest最大的。“as+形容词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”，第一空用as符合语境；根据“the second … city in East China”可知，此处是“the+序数词+最高级+名词+范围”结构，表示“第几最……的……”，第二空用largest符合语境。应填as; largest。 4. how特殊疑问句 (教材原句)How big is it? 它有多大？ (教材原句)How deep is it? 它有多深？ how+adj./adv.短语用来引导特殊疑问句，询问具体的信息。how big用于询问“多大（面积）”；how deep询问“多深”；how far询问“多远（距离）”；how heavy询问“多重”；how often询问“多久一次（频度）”。 How often do you practise the piano? 你多久练习一次钢琴？ How heavy is the cat? 这只猫有多重？ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) — ________ do you rest between classes on weekdays?       —About fifteen minutes. A．How long B．How many C．How much D．How often 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你平日课间休息多长时间？——大约十五分钟。 How long多长时间；How many多少（询问可数名词的数量）；How much多少（询问不可数名词的数量），多少钱；How often多久一次。根据答语“About fifteen minutes.”可知，问句询问时间段的长短，应用How long提问。 (2) —________ is it from your home to school? —About 10 minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How many 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——从你家到学校有多远？——步行大约10分钟。 How long多长，询问长度或时间；How often多久一次，询问频率；How far多远，询问距离；How many多少，询问数量。根据答句“About 10 minutes’ walk.”可知，此处询问的是从家到学校的距离，应填How far。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 度量的表达 (教材原句)It travels the farthest and is about 6,300 kilometers long. 表示“...长/宽/深/高...”等度量可以用“基数词+单位+形容词(long/wide/deep/high/...)”结构。 The river is about 5 meters wide. 这条河大约5米宽。 The mountain is about 300 meters high. 这座山大约300米高。 (教材原句)It is about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size. 表示度量还可用“基数词+单位+in+度量名词(size/depth/length/height/width...) The house is about 126 square meters in size. 这房子面积大约 126 平方米。 (教材原句)The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000 square meters. 表示面积还可以用“have/cover+an area of +基数词+单位”结构。 The farm covers an area of about 5,000 square meters. 这个农场占地面积约 5000 平方米。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —How large the hall is! —Yes. It covers (a/an) ________ of three football fields. A．area B．space C．period D．weight 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个大厅真大啊！——是的。它占地面积有三个足球场那么大。 考查名词辨析。area面积；space空间；period时期；weight重量。根据“How large the hall is!”及“of three football fields”可知，此处在描述大厅的大小， covers an ares of是常用搭配，表示“占地……面积”。故选A。 (2) Sutong Bridge over the Yangtze River is about ________ long. A．eight thousand metres B．eight-thousand-metre C．eight-thousands-metres D．eight thousands metres 【答案】A 【详解】句意：苏通长江大桥长约八千米。 考查数词用法。eight thousand metres八千米；eight-thousand-metre八千米的；eight-thousands-metres错误表达；eight thousands metres错误表达。英语中数词表示概数时，后面加s，和介词of搭配使用；表示和数词连用不加s；排除CD；根据“...is about...long”可知，苏通长江大桥长约八千米。eight thousand metres long八千米长，故选A。 2. 被动语态 (教材原句)By the way, do you know why it’s called the Yellow River? 顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫“黄河”吗？ is called是“be动词+动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被...”。 He is called “the King of Pop Music” in his class.在班里，他被称作 “流行音乐之王”。 [随学随练] 单项填空 English ________ in many countries around the world every day. A．speak B．speaks C．is spoken D．is speaking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：英语每天在世界上的许多国家被说。 考查被动语态。主语“English”与动词“speak”之间是被动关系，且句子描述一般事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）。故选C。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) The ________ (深度) of this river is about 10 meters, so don’t swim here. 【答案】depth (2) The camel is known as the ship of the ________ (沙漠). 【答案】desert (3) You can see the name of the writer at the _______ (底部) of the book. 【答案】bottom (4) There is a small ________ (池塘)in the yard where we can fish. 【答案】pool (5) She jogged five _______ (英里) every morning. 【答案】miles (6) He scored well ________ (低于) the average on the test. 【答案】below (7) The government should take action to control air pollution ________ (程度) in cities. 【答案】levels (8) Make sure that the ________ (表面) is clean and dry before you start to paint. 【答案】surface (9) Little Tom searched the whole room but found nothing ________ (不寻常的), so he went on reading. 【答案】unusual (10) The ________ (发展) of new technologies has greatly improved our daily lives. 【答案】development (11) The Changjiang River is one of the ________ ________ ________ (最伟大的自然奇观)in the world. 【答案】 greatest natural wonders (12) The swimming pool has a volume of 250 _________ ________ (立方米), making it suitable for competitive training. 【答案】 cubic metres (13) Our school covers an area of 5,00 ________ ________ (平方米). It has a large library and a swimming pool. 【答案】 square meters/metres (14) We should protect them ________ ________ ________(不惜任何代价). 【答案】 at all costs 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Think of something ________ (wonder) and you won’t feel upset any more. 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意：想想美好的事情，你就不会再感到沮丧了。wonder“奇迹”，此处需用其形容词形式修饰前面的不定代词“something”。wonder的形容词为wonderful“精彩的、美好的”。故填wonderful。 (2) When I first saw the Great Wall, I __________ (wonder) how people built it thousands of years ago. 【答案】wondered 【详解】句意：当我第一次看到长城时，我想知道几千年前人们是如何建造它的。时间状语从句“When I first saw the Great Wall”描述过去发生的动作，主句动作“想知道”也发生在过去，需用一般过去时，wonder的过去式为wondered。 (3) Do you know the ________ (deep) of this river near our town? 【答案】depth 【详解】句意：你知道我们镇附近这条河的深度吗？根据句意可知，此处表达的是“这条河的深度”，应用“deep”的名词形式“depth”，表示“深度”。 (4) It’s ________ (usual) for a child to make such a great invention at the age of eight. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：一个八岁的孩子做出如此伟大的发明是不寻常的。句中需要形容词作表语，根据“make such a great invention at the age of eight”应使用usual的反义词unusual，意为“不寻常的”，故填unusual。 (5) Van Gogh had a great influence on the ________ (develop) of modern painting. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：梵高对现代绘画的发展产生了巨大影响。develop“发展”，为动词，空处在定冠词the后、介词of前作宾语，应用其名词形式development。故填development。 (6) Last year, people ________ (film) a lovely harbor seal (斑海豹) in the waters near Sanya. 【答案】filmed 【详解】句意：去年，人们在三亚附近海域拍摄到了一只可爱的斑海豹。根据“Last year”以及提示词“film”可知，这里需要用“film”的过去式，filmed符合语境及语法要求。故填filmed。 (7) The guide told us that the cave was 200 meters ________ (deep). 【答案】deep 【详解】句意：导游告诉我们这个洞穴有200米深。“200 meters”表示具体的深度，其后直接跟形容词原级，“deep”表示“深的”。故填deep。 (8) Hainan is the ________ (two) largest island in China. 【答案】second 【详解】句意：海南是中国第二大岛。根据“the…largest”可知，此处用the+序数词+最高级，表示“第几最”，故填second。 (9) —Can you tell me which day has _________ (long) daytime of the year? —The Summer Solstice(夏至). 【答案】the longest 【详解】句意：——你可以告诉我哪一天是一年中白天最长的？——夏至。根据范围“of the year”可知，此处指全年中的哪一天白天最长，应该使用形容词最高级。故填the longest。 (10) K2 is the second ________ (high) mountain in the world. 【答案】highest 【详解】句意：K2是世界上第二高的山峰。high“高”，形副同形，此处为形容词，修饰后面的名词mountain；根据“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数”可知，此处使用其最高级形式highest。故填highest。 (11) Your dad is coming in 30 ________ (second). 【答案】seconds 【详解】句意：你爸爸30秒后就要来了。根据“Your dad is coming in 30…”以及所给单词可知，此处指的是“30秒”，应该用可数名词复数形式seconds。故填seconds。 (12) This is ______________ (scary) roller coaster I have ever ridden! 【答案】the scariest 【详解】句意：这是我坐过的最可怕的过山车！根据“I have ever ridden”可知，此处用形容词最高级，且形容词最高级前需加定冠词“the”。scary“可怕的”，形容词，其最高级形式为“scariest”。故填the scariest。 (13) Many scientists believe that the elephant is one of the ________ (big) animals on land. 【答案】biggest 【详解】句意：许多科学家认为，大象是陆地上最大的动物之一。根据句子结构可知，固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”，表示“最……之一”。因此，需要将形容词big变为其最高级形式biggest。故填biggest。 (14) In the dancing contest, Nancy danced as ________ as Mary, but Lisa danced even ________ than any other girl. (well) 【答案】 well better 【详解】句意：在舞蹈比赛中，南希跳舞和玛丽一样好，但丽莎跳得比任何其他女孩都好。第一个空位于“as...as”结构中，意为“和……一样”，中间应用形容词或副词的原级，修饰动词danced应用副词原级well。第二个空位于“even”之后，“than”之前，应用比较级，well的比较级为better。 (15) The National Park is huge－27,134 kilometres ________ size. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：这个国家公园很大，面积达27,134平方公里。根据语境可知，此处描述的是国家公园的面积大小，所以应用介词in与size连用，表示“在面积方面”或“就面积而言”。故填in。 (16) Mount Qomolangma is ________ (high) mountain in the world, with a ________ (high) of over 8,848 metres. 【答案】 the highest height 【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山，高度超过8848米。根据“in the world”可知，第一空需用形容词最高级形式，high的最高级为the highest；第二空在“a … of”结构中需用名词单数形式，high的名词形式为height。故填the highest；height。 3. 单项填空 (1) —How deep is the lake? —It’s about 20 metres in ________. A．depth B．surface C．bottom D．level 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个湖有多深？——大约20米深。 考查名词辨析。depth深度；surface表面；bottom底部；level水平。根据“How deep is the lake?”可知，此处是询问湖的深度，所以回答应该是“大约20米深”，用depth表示“深度”，in depth表示“在深度上”，符合语境。故选A。 (2) —After the fire destroyed their home, the neighbours offered help at once. The family said, “We really thank them from the ________ of our hearts.” —True kindness shines brightest in difficult times. A．way B．condition C．surface D．bottom 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大火烧毁了他们的家后，邻居们立刻伸出了援手。这家人说：“我们真心从心底里感谢他们。” ——真正的善意在困境中最能闪耀光芒。 考查名词辨析。way方式；condition状况；surface表面；bottom底部。根据“After the fire destroyed their home…of our hearts.’”可知，此处指的是这家人从心底里感谢邻居们，from the bottom of one’s heart意为“从心底里；由衷地”，符合语境，故选D。 (3) — How do you like Chongqing Grand Hotel? — Wonderful! I’m especially satisfied with the high ________ of its service. A．price B．praise C．level D．risk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得重庆大饭店怎么样？ ——太棒了！我对它的高水平服务尤其满意。 考查名词辨析。price价格；praise表扬；level标准、水平；risk风险。结合语境，根据空前后“Wonderful!”和“especially satisfied with the high”以及“of its service”可知第二个人对重庆大饭店的高水平服务很满意。故选C。 (4) — Are you happy with the result of the last English test? — No. As the saying goes: “________.” I made many careless mistakes in it. A．A miss is as good as a mile B．It never rains but it pours C．The early bird catches the worm D．Every dog has its day 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你对上次的英语测试的结果满意吗？——不满意。俗话说：“失之毫厘，谬之千里。”我在这次测试里犯了很多粗心的错误。 考查谚语辨析。A miss is as good as a mile失之毫厘，谬以千里；It never rains but it pours祸不单行；The early bird catches the worm早起的鸟儿有虫吃；Every dog has its day人人皆有得意时。根据“I made many careless mistakes in it”可知因为粗心导致考试结果不好，符合俗语“失之毫厘，谬以千里”，故选A。 (5) —Is Mary as ________ as Lucy? —Yes. But she is ________ than Lucy. A．smart, hard-working B．smarter, hard-working C．smarter, more hard-working D．smart, more hard-working 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽和露西一样聪明吗？——是的。但是她比露西更勤奋。 第一空：“as...as...”结构表示“和……一样”，中间必须使用形容词原级，所以应填smart；第二空：出现了标志词than，表示两者比较，必须使用形容词比较级。hard-working是多音节形容词，其比较级形式为more hard-working。 (6) The number of rare birds is becoming ________ because there are ________ living areas for wildlife! A．fewer and fewer; less and less B．smaller and smaller; less and less C．fewer and fewer; smaller and smaller D．smaller and smaller; fewer and fewer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：稀有鸟类的数量正变得越来越小，因为野生动物的栖息地越来越少了。 考查形容词比较级辨析。the number of...表示“……的数量”，表示数目大小用large、small来修饰，smaller and smaller“越来越小”符合，排除A、C选项；less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词，fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词，living areas是可数名词的复数形式，应用fewer and fewer来修饰，排除B选项。故选D。 (7) —Do you know ________ Huai’an Museum is? —It’s about 12,000 square meters in size. A．how far B．how much C．how many D．how large 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道淮安博物馆有多大吗？——面积约为12000平方米。 考查疑问词组辨析。how far多远；how much多少钱，多少；how many多少；how large多大。根据“It’s about 12,000 square meters in size.”可知，此处是问面积，用how large。故选D。 (8) —Excuse me, can you tell me how to say 5,607,813 in English？ —Yes. ________. A．Five million six hundred and seven thousand and eight hundred and thirteen B．Five millions six hundreds and seven thousands eight hundreds and thirteen C．Five million six hundred and seven thousand eight hundred and thirteen D．Five million and six hundred and seven thousand and eight hundred and thirteen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我5,607,813用英语怎么说吗？—— 好的，是五百六十万七千八百一十三。 考查基数词表达。million，thousand，hundred前面有具体数字时，其后不能加s；百位和十位/个位之间要用and连接；百万和千、千和百中间均不用连词and，结合选项可知，C项符合。故选C。 (9) The rain was ______ so heavily that we had to stay inside all afternoon. A．pouring down B．falling down C．dropping down D．coming down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：雨倾盆而下，我们整个下午都不得不待在屋里。 pouring down“倾盆而下、大雨滂沱”；falling down“跌倒、倒塌”；dropping down“掉落、突然下降”；coming down“下来”。空格后“so heavily”以及后半句“we had to stay inside all afternoon”说明雨下得又大又猛，pouring down符合语境。 (10) —Guess! Who did I meet ________ home? Sally, one of my classmates ten years ago. —Really? That’s amazing. ________, don’t stand ________ of the door—people need to pass through. A．in the way; By the way, on the way B．on the way; In the way; by the way C．on the way; By the way, in the way D．in the way; On the way; by the way 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——猜猜！我在回家的路上遇见了谁？萨莉，我十年前的一个同学。——真的吗？太神奇了。顺便说一下，不要挡在门口——人们需要通过。 考查短语辨析。on the way在途中；by the way顺便说一下；in the way挡道。on the way home“在回家的路上”，是固定搭配；第二空是插入语，表示“顺便说一下”，用“By the way”，用于转换话题；根据“people need to pass through”可知，此处提醒对方不要挡在门口，用“in the way”，C项符合。故选C。 4. 选择填空 A 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 根据句意用方框中的单词或短语填空，每个只能用一次。 wonder, dive, below, cubic metre, square kilometre,desert,development, pool (1) When you look at Mount Kilimanjaro, do you ever how it formed? (2) The Sahara Desert is the largest hot in the world. (3) The lake is so clear that you can and see the bottom. (4) With the of the society, more and more people devote (投入) their energy to charity. (5) The East African Rift Valley has areas sea level. (6) The Sahara Desert covers over 9 million . (7) One of water from the Nile River has a specific weight. (8) The ducks are swimming in the happily. 【答案】(1)wonder (2)desert (3)dive (4)development (5)below (6)square kilometres (7)cubic metre (8)pool 【解析】 (1)句意：当你看着乞力马扎罗山时，你是否曾想知道它是如何形成的。根据“do you ever…how it formed?”可知，此处应填动词；结合备选词，wonder“想知道、疑惑”，动词，符合语境，助动词后接动词原形。故填wonder。 (2)句意：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热带沙漠。根据“The Sahara Desert”及备选词汇可知，此处表示沙漠，desert意为“沙漠”，直接对应“撒哈拉沙漠”的描述，符合语境。故填desert。 (3)句意：湖水如此清澈，你可以潜入水中并看到湖底。根据“you can…and see the bottom.”可知，此处应填动词；结合备选词，dive“潜水、下潜”，动词，符合语境，情态动词后接动词原形。故填dive。 (4)句意：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人将精力投入到慈善事业中。根据“With the ... of the society”及备选词汇可知，此处表示社会的发展，development意为“发展”，with the development of ...是固定搭配，意为“随着……的发展”，符合语境。故填development。 (5)句意：东非大裂谷有一些地区低于海平面。根据“has areas…sea level.”可知，此处应填介词；结合备选词，below“低于”，介词，符合语境，用于描述位置关系。故填below。 (6)句意：撒哈拉沙漠覆盖了超过900万平方公里。根据“covers over 9 million…”可知，此处应填面积单位名词；结合备选词，square kilometre“平方公里”，名词短语，符合语境，“9 million” 后接复数形式。故填square kilometres。 (7)句意：一立方米来自尼罗河的水有特定的重量。根据“One…of water”可知，此处应填体积单位名词；结合备选词，cubic metre“立方米”，名词短语，符合语境，“One”后接单数形式。故填cubic metre。 (8)句意：鸭子们正在池塘里开心地游泳。根据“The ducks are swimming”及备选词汇可知，pool意为“池塘；水池”，是鸭子游泳的场所，符合语境。故填pool。 B 根据句意用方框中的短语填空，每个短语限用一次。 by the way  at the top of  close to  as well as  a part of (1) Our school is the park, so we often go there after class. (2) This beautiful song is his new album. (3) There is a big red flag the building. (4) , do you know where the nearest post office is? (5) She is good at singing dancing. 【答案】(1)close to (2)a part of (3)at the top of (4)By the way (5)as well as 【解析】 (1)句意：我们学校靠近公园，所以我们经常课后去那里。根据“so we often go there after class”及备选词汇可知，此处表示学校位置与公园相近，close to“靠近”，符合语境。故填close to。 (2)句意：这首动听的歌曲是他新专辑的一部分。根据“this beautiful song”和“his new album”及备选词可知，歌曲属于专辑的一部分，a part of“……的一部分”，符合语境。故填a part of。 (3)句意：大楼顶部有一面红旗。根据“a big red flag”和“the building”及备选词可知，红旗位于大楼顶部，at the top of“在……顶部”，符合语境。故填at the top of。 (4)句意：顺便问一下，你知道最近的邮局在哪里吗？根据“do you know where the nearest post office is”及备选词可知，此处是插入语，用于转换话题，by the way“顺便问一下”，符合语境，句首首字母需大写。故填By the way。 (5)句意：她擅长唱歌和跳舞。根据“singing”和“dancing”及备选词可知，此处表示并列关系，as well as“和；也”，符合语境。故填as well as。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 我们应该不惜任何代价保护我们的“母亲河”。 【答案】We should protect our “mother river” at all costs. (2) 黄山是安徽最受欢迎的地方之一 【答案】Mount Huangshan is one of the most popular places in Anhui. (3) 塔克拉玛干沙漠的总面积大约为337，000平方公里。 【答案】The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000 square kilometres. (4) 顺便问一下，你知道世界第二长河是哪条河吗？ 【答案】By the way, what’s the second longest river in the world? (5) 房子前的这个池塘有多深？ 【答案】How deep is the pool in front of the house? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $