被动语态——讲学练2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语学案聚焦主动语态和被动语态核心知识点，通过对比主动句（如They speak English）与被动句（如English is spoken by them）导入概念，系统梳理被动语态“be+done”结构及时态变化，以“三步转换法”为学习支架，衔接特殊句型（如使役动词、双宾语）及无被动语态动词等难点知识。 资料采用“讲学练”一体化设计，配套过关卷分选择、填空、句型转换等题型，覆盖基础到提升层次。通过辨析被动与系表结构、无被动动词等易混点，助力学生提升语言能力（准确理解和表达被动语态），培养思维品质（分析转换规则与特殊情况），强化学习能力（通过分层练习巩固方法），有效夯实语法基础。

语法：主动语态和被动语态——讲学练 A.主动语态与被动语态的概念： 英语动词的语态有两种：(1)主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者; (2)被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常在没有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)。 例：They speak English. (主动语态) 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by them. (被动语态) 主 谓 介词短语 注；及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例：(1 )We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾 The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主 谓 介词短语 (2)We laughed at him. —— He was laughed at by us. B.被动语态的结构与用法： (一)结构：be+done (过去分词) 被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义，be可能是am,is,are也可能是was,were或原形be。 注：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。用法举例： 1.History is made by the people. (一般现在时) 2.The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时) 3.The tree will be cut down next year. (一般将来时) 4.The room must be kept clean. (含有情态动词的被动语态) 5.The door is being opened. (现在进行时) 6.The film has been seen by me. (现在完成时) 注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法 时态 动词的被动形式 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are done He is asked to do this. 一般过去时 was/were done The story was told by her mother. 一般将来时 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are being done The novel is being written. 过去进行时 was/were being done At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时 has/have been done The house has been built. 过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished. 过去将来时 would be done He said the trees would be planted soon. C.被动语态的各种句型： 1.The song is liked by young people. (肯定句) 2.The song isn't liked by young people. (否定句) 3.Is the song liked by young people? (一般疑问句) 4.Who is the song liked by ? = By whom is the song liked? (特殊疑问句) [归纳]：主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步： (1)把原句中的宾语改成主语； (2)动词改为被动形式 be done(同时注意时态)； (3)原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去。 例：The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man. (改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面) D.重点短语句型 1.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street every year. 每年传单由志愿者们在街上散发。 2.Toys and CDs are sold to raise money. 玩具和光盘被售卖来募集资金。 3.Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942. Oxfam是1942年在英国成立的。 4.The kind of watches is sold in this shop. 这种表在这家商店被售卖。 比较：The kind of watches sells well in this shop.[sell well搭配使用：畅销(无被动) E.特殊句型的被动语态： ⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的 to 再加上去，另外 help 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带 to, 也可不带 to, 但在被动语态中也必须把 to 加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us. ⑵ teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell 等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语）, 改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间 接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词 to/for。 例：①Ｓhe gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. →I was given a pen by her. →A pen was given to me by her. ②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. →I was bought a new bike by my father. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. ⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。 例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely. →Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). ②He took away the box.. →The box was taken away by him. ⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变） 例：①We call him Xiao Ma. (主+谓+宾+宾补) →Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us. ②He found the book very interesting.(主+谓+宾+宾补) →The book was found very interesting by him. F.没有被动语态的动词： 在英语中，有些不及物动词的主动语态可以表示被动意义。这些不及物动词有： 1.表示开始和结束的动词没有被动语态，如：begin, start, finish, end, close 等，当主语为“事物”且不强调动作的执行者时。 例如： ①The meeting will begin at 8:00a.m. tomorrow. ②The library opens at 9:00a.m. and closes at 5:00 p.m. 2. ★某些表示“发生”意义的不及物动词如：happen= take place 无被动语态，如：③Many changes have happened in our hometown.（happen 没有被动形式） 3. ★大多数系动词：feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)， taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。 例： ④Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑤The food tastes delicious. (用主动表示被动意义) ⑥This idea sounds great. (用主动表示被动意义) 4.某些可与 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词无被动， ★如：read, write, wash, sell 等。例如： ⑦This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑧The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。(用主动表示被动意义) ⑨This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。(用主动表示被动意义) 5. 有些不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ... ⑩The film lasted for 3 hours. （last“持续”没有被动形式） 6. need doing sth. 含有被动意义。 ⑾My watch needs repairing.= My watch needs to be repaired.我的手表需要修理。 ★need doing = need to be done G. 被动语态与系表结构： 1.The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 2.The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） H. 被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语: 1.The cat is called Mimi. 2.There is a cat (called Mimi) in the house. I. 与被动语态相关的一些短语： 1. be covered with + 雪、树林等 be covered by + 森林等 2. be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料） be made from 由……制成（不能看出原材料） be made in +年代、地点 3. be used by + 人 be used in + 地点、年代 be used as…. 被用来作为…. be used to do sth.= be used for (doing) sth. 被用来做某事 4.be surprised by/at…..对…..感到惊奇 J. 重点短语句型 1.The show will be held at the town hall. 表演将在镇上大礼堂被举行。 =The show will take place at the town hall. 【take place 没有被动】 2.be thrown into lakes 被扔进湖里 3.The air is filled with pollution. 【be filled with 被装满 = be full of 充满】 4.More people will be hurt in the future if it is not cleaned up. 【clean up：清理（动副词组）】 5.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 和人类一样,动物也受到污染的伤害。 6.If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution. 被动语态过关卷（100分） 姓名 班级 得分 一、单项选择（每题1分，计30分） ( ) 1. Smart phones can be used to 　　 for information. But I am not used to 　　information on such a small screen. A. search; reading B. searching; reading C. search; read D. searching; read ( ) 2. His mother was badly ill. The doctor said that she had to ______at once. A. operate B. be operated C. operate on D. be operated on ( ) 3. Unluckily, a car accident _____ on this road last week. A. has happened B. was happened C. was happening D. happened ( ) 4. Tom 　　　 by his classmates because he made a careless mistake. A. laughed at B. was laughed at C. laughed D. was laughed ( )5. This kind of iPad ______ in our computer shop. It ______very well. A .is sold; sells B. sells; is sold C. sells ; sells D. is sold; is sold ( ) 6. In China, the old _______. A. are taken good care of B. are taken good care C. is taken good care of D. is taken good care ( ) 7. I won't leave my office until my work_______. A. finishes B. will be finished C. are finished D. is finished ( )8.Who _________this book________? A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written ( )9. The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw   B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw    D. stop from throwing ( ) 10. It ______ last week that the haze in Beijing caused many problems. A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported ( )11. The factory its waste into the river, but now it recycles the waste in a new way. A. used to put B.is used to put C.used to putting D. is used to putting ( )12. —What’s the name of the song you sang just now ?It beautiful. —It is When Christmas Comes to Town.. A. was sounded B.sounded C. was heard D. heard ( )13. A lot of new roads _______ in order to develop the villages in the next five years. A. are going to build B. is built C. will build D. are going to be built ( )14. The visitors are very _______ to see so many changes _______. A. surprised; are taken place B. surprising; take place C. surprised; take place D. surprising; are taken place ( )15. Hundreds of animals home if the forest disappears. A. lost B. will be lost C. are lost D.will lose ( )16. Please don’t talk in class until you . A.were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told ( )17. ---Look, what have you done ? ---Sorry. I think if I another chance, I’ll do it better. A. give B. will be given C. will give D. am given ( )18. .--May we leave the classroom now? --No, you ____. You ____ to leave until the bell rings. A.needn't; aren't allowed B. mustn't; are allowed C. needn't; are allowed D. can't; aren't allowed ( )19. --What will you do with the waste paper? --The waste paper as well as the used books to the recycling company. A.is going to send B. are going to send C. is going to be sent D. are going to be sent (　　)20. The World Cup ________ every four years. Football fans are all looking forward to watching it. A. is taken place B. takes place C. has taken place D. is taking place (　　)21. — Did you catch a cold last week? — Yes. But I am now completely ______ and can play on the field again. A. cured B. treated C. saved D. prevented (　　)22. The United Nations has done a lot for the peace of the world since it was ______ in 1945. A. set off B. set on C. set up D. set away (　　)23. — The last Beidou GEO-3 _____ into space successfully on June 23, 2020. — As Chinese, we feel proud of it. A. sends B. sent C. is sent D. was sent (　　)24. Smartphones can be used to _____ for information. But I am not used to ____ information on such a small screen. A. search; reading B. searching; reading C. search; read D. searching; read (　　)25. The writer's new books ______. They ______ quickly in all the bookshops. A. are sold well; are sold out B. sell well; are sold out C. are sold well; sold out D. sell well; are selling out (　　)26. We are sure that oil ________ some day in the future. A. will run out B. will be run out C. will used up D. both B and C (　　)27. — Excuse me, sir, smoking ________ in the gas station. 　— Oh, I'm really sorry. A. doesn't allow B. isn't allowed C. aren't allowed D. didn't allowed (　　)28. The new traffic rules have been carried out. If people run red lights on roads, they _____. A. will fine B. will be fined C. were fined D. have fined (　　)29. Today the forests have already gone. People must ________ down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. be stopped to cut C. be stopped from cutting D. stop from cutting (　　)30. All the drivers must be careful when they are driving to prevent the traffic accidents ________. A. happen B. to happen C. from being happened D. from happening 二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。（每题2分，计50分） 1. We _ _(ask) to do our homework carefully every day. 2. A charity show (hold) this weekend for charity. 3. The two parts of the town __________________(separate) by a river. 4. A hole ____________________(dig) by Jim in the garden when I went to see him. 5.--Can the magazines ___________(take) out of the reading room? --I’m afraid you can’t. 6. Courses in traditional Chinese culture (teach)in many schools every day. 7.--This coat (make) of fur looks nice. --Thanks. It (buy)as a gift by my husband. 8.The red pens (write) smoothly, so they (sell) well. 9. If these rules (follow) by us, more accidents can (prevent). 10. More attention should (pay) when we work out these maths problems. 11. --Listen！Where is the noise from? --The roads behind my house (build). 12. The lights (turn)off. No wonder it is dark in my house. 13. My watch (make) in Switzerland. Its new energy never seems to (run) out. 14. I think Sandy can finish drawing if ten more minutes (give) to her. 15. The words (write)on the blackboard are really important. 16. Every student (not allow) to take a mobile phone to school, or they will (punish) by their teachers. 17.These rooms (use) as classrooms during the difficult time. 18.Ten thousand new words (learn) by the students so far. 19.The songs (sing) by Michael Jackson (sound)so touching. 20.The driver preferred getting away to (fine) by the police after the accident happened. 21. Everyone has a mobile phone (connect) to the Internet. 22. The film (base) upon a real story is my favourite. 23.The boy fell off his bike. Luckily, he (not hurt) badly. 24.The flowers need (water). My mother will have them (water)this afternoon. 25. --Who this novel (write) by? --Hemingway. 三、句型转换(每题2分，计20分) 根据要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. The poster will be designed by Tim Cook．(对画线部分提问) _____________ ________ the poster be designed by? 2. Our school sports meeting will take place next Friday.(保持句意基本不变) Our school sports meeting will ________ ________ next Friday. 3. Business letters are written in English by many people.(改为主动语态) Many _________ ________ business letters in English. 4. The boss made the workers work from morning to night.(改为被动语态) The workers ________ ________ from morning to night by the boss. 5. More and more trees are planted by us in the world.(改为主动语态) ________ ________ more and more trees in the world. 6. Doctor Chen operated on a little girl this morning.（改为被动语态） A little girl Doctor Chen this morning. 7.What did you talk about at the meeting?(改被动） What about at the meeting by you？ 8.The girl is often seen to read books in the garden in front of her house.(改主动） People often the girl books in the garden in front of her house. 9. We use knives to cut things.(改为被动语态) Knives _ ________ to cut things by us. 10. Yesterday, my mother bought me a new notebook.(改为被动语态) Yesterday, a new notebook ________ _ ________ me by my mother. 被动语态过关卷（100分）答案 一、单项选择（每题1分，计30分） 1--5 ADDBA 6--10 ADBBD 11--15 ABDCD 16--20 BDDCB 21--25 ACDAB 26--30 ABBCD 2、 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。（每题2分，计50分） 1.are asked 2. will be held/ is going to be held 3.are separated 4.was being dug 5.be taken 6.are taught 7. made, was bought 8. write, sell 9.are followed, be prevented 10.be paid 11. are being built 12. have been turned 13. is made, run 14.are given 15. written 16. isn’t allowed, be punished 17. were used 18. have been learnt 19. sung, sound 20. being fined 21.connected 22. based 23. wasn’t hurt 24. to be watered/ watering, watered 25. was written 三、句型转换(每题2分，计20分) 根据要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 1. Who will 2. be held 3.people write 4. were made to work 5. We plant 6. was operated on by 7. was talked 8. see read 9. are used 10. was bought for 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $