Unit 4 6 博览万象 融会中西之文化通览（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦“自然与探索”主题，系统整合高频词汇（如biodiversity, conservation）、教材话题佳句（北师大选必四、外研选必二内容）、语法填空（神农架语篇）、科学类阅读理解（海底氧气来源）及文学选段（《秘密花园》），构建从词汇积累、句型运用到跨学科语篇理解的学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识、思维品质的培养。通过神农架语篇的语法填空渗透生态保护与中国神话文化，提升文化意识；科学阅读引导学生分析实验现象与科学推断，培养思维品质。多样化材料既辅助课堂主题拓展与语言实践，又通过词汇注释、句子分析帮助学生课后自主巩固，查漏补缺。

自然与探索 【高频词汇】 1．biodiversity n.　　　　 生物多样性 2．ecology n. 生态 3．awe n. 敬畏；惊叹 4．legend n. 传说 5．intangible adj. 非物质的 6．gravity n. 重力 7．specimen n. 标本 8．conservation n. 保护 9．evolve v. 进化 10．sample n. 样本 11．habitat n. 栖息地 12．wildlife n. 野生动植物 13．desert n. 沙漠；荒原 14．universe n. 宇宙 【话题佳句】 1．(北师大选必四U12)These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”， with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. 这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。因不同国家在共同利益中连接起来，地球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。 2．(外研选必二U6)One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. 一种选择是探索其他星球，看看人类能否在那里生存。可能性最大的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境也没有其他星球那么恶劣。 Shennongjia is said to be the place where the mythical (神话的) Emperor Yan once lived. The nature of Shennongjia's beauty varies over the year as time takes its course. 1.Tourists(tour) can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn and go skiing in winter. The natural beauty of karst landforms is everywhere. There 2.are(be) waterfalls, pools and a 56­foot­high arch that resembles a bridge 3.created(create) by nature after centuries of erosion by rain. Guanmenshan Scenic Area showcases rich biodiversity, 4.with a natural ecology museum，a garden with precious plants and areas that animals such as deer and giant salamanders (大鲵) inhabit. On a zigzag wooden plank road in the forest are small exhibition boards 5.that present information about bird species, and there are fish ponds. It is a perfect place to discover natural science. Chinese proclaim 6.themselves(they) “yan huang zi sun”， the offspring of mythical Emperor Yan (Shennong) and the Yellow Emperor. Shennongjia was so named because it is said shennong tasted various herbs 7.to_figure(figure) out how to use them to cure sickness. He was often depicted (描绘) with the horns of an ox. He was also a man of all trades. He invented farm tools and discovered tinder (火种) and tea, 8.and made cooking utensils (器具) out of pottery (陶器). In Shennong Altar Scenic Area, a long stone staircase leads to a 69­foot­high stone sculpture of Shennong's head. With two ox horns, his eyes are closed and his chin is raised as if he is lost in thought. 9.Looking(look) up, visitors will again in awe at the head as they climb the stairs. They can appreciate murals(壁画) of Shennong's deeds. Meanwhile they can also see a row of traditional Chinese sacrificial vessels to the side. Scientists have collected hair, footprints and excrement (粪便) suspected of belonging to the wild man, but some experts argue that most were left by bears, monkeys or even human beings. In 2016, the wild man legend 10.was_added(add) to Hubei's intangible cultural heritage list. However，these days it is Shennongjia's flora and fauna (动植物群) that are its biggest attraction. Mystery Oxygen Source Discovered on the Sea Floor Adapted from Nature Something is pumping out large amounts of oxygen at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, at depths where a total lack of sunlight makes photosynthesis impossible. Sweetman and his collaborators were studying sea­floor ecosystems in the Clarion­Clipperton Zone, an area between Hawaii and Mexico that is larger than India and a potential target for the mining of metal­rich nodules. During such expeditions, the team releases a module that sinks to the sea floor to perform automated experiments. Once there, the module drives cylindrical chambers down to close off small sections of the sea floor—together with some seawater—and create “an enclosed microcosm of the seafloor”. The lander then measures how the concentration of oxygen in the confined seawater changes over periods of up to several days. Generally speaking, without any photosynthetic organisms releasing oxygen into the water, and with any other organisms consuming the gas, oxygen concentrations inside the chambers should slowly fall. Sweetman has seen that happen in studies he has conducted in areas of the Southern, Arctic and Indian oceans, and in the Atlantic. Around the world, sea­floor ecosystems owe their existence to oxygen carried by currents from the surface, and would quickly die if cut off. But in the Clarion­Clipperton Zone, the instruments showed that the sequestered water became richer, not poorer, in oxygen. At first, Sweetman attributed the readings to a sensor malfunction. But the phenomenon kept occurring during subsequent trips in 2021 and 2022, and was confirmed by measurements with an alternative technique. “I suddenly realized that for eight years I'd been ignoring this potentially amazing new process, 4，000 metres down on the ocean floor，” says Sweetman. “We have another source of oxygen on the planet, other than photosynthesis，” says study co­author Andrew Sweetman, a sea­floor ecologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science in Oban, UK—although the mechanism behind this oxygen production remains a mystery. The findings could also have implications for understanding how life began, he says, as well as for the possible impact of deep­sea mining in the region. 1．source n．来源 2．pump out 大量产出 3．photosynthesis n．光合作用 4．nodule n．核 5．module n．模块；组件 6．automated adj.自动化的 7．cylindrical chambers 圆柱形容器 8．enclosed adj.封闭的；与世隔绝的 9．microcosm n．微观世界；缩影 10．concentration (熟词生义) n. 　 浓度；含量 11．organism n．生物体；有机体 12．owe...to... 把……归功于 13．current n．水流；电流；趋势 adj.当前的 14．sequester v．隔离；使隔绝；扣押 15．attribute to 归因于 16．malfunction n．& v．故障；失灵 17．subsequent adj.随后的；后来的 18．mechanism n．机制；原理 答案：1.pumping out　2.conducted　3.enclosed　4.implications In the Clarion­Clipperton Zone, Sweetman and his team discovered that oxygen 1.concentrations in enclosed seafloor chambers increased, 2.challenging the common understanding. This finding suggests a novel oxygen source, whose 3.mechanism remains unknown, with implications for understanding life's origins and deep­sea mining. 1.Sweetman and his collaborators were studying sea­floor ecosystems in the Clarion­Clipperton Zone, an area between Hawaii and Mexico that is larger than India and a potential target for the mining of metal­rich nodules. [分析]　句中“an area between...of metal­rich nodules”作“the Clarion­Clipperton Zone”的同位语；that引导定语从句，修饰an area。 [翻译]　斯威特曼和他的合作者正在研究克拉里昂—克利珀顿区的海底生态系统，该区域位于夏威夷和墨西哥之间，面积比印度还大，这里有可能成为富含金属的结核矿产开采的目标区域。 2.Once there, the module drives cylindrical chambers down to close off small sections of the sea floor—together with some seawater—and create “an enclosed microcosm of the seafloor”. [分析]　句中“Once there”是状语从句的省略，其完整形式为“Once it is there”；“to close off...and create...”并列作目的状语。 [翻译]　一旦到达海底，该模块会驱动圆形柱容器向下移动，封闭一小块海底区域，同时注入一些海水，从而形成一个“海底的封闭微型生态系统”。 3.Around the world, sea­floor ecosystems owe their existence to oxygen carried by currents from the surface, and would quickly die if cut off. [分析]　句中“carried by currents from the surface”是动词­ed形式作后置定语；“if cut off”为if引导的条件状语从句的省略。 [翻译]　在世界各地，海底生态系统的存在主要归因于洋流从表面携带的氧气，如果氧气供应被切断，它们就会迅速消失。 Agreed to Work Together Excerpt from The Secret Garden 性格孤僻的小女孩玛丽、农家小子迪肯和体弱多病的少爷柯林成了好朋友，他们找到了秘密花园的钥匙，和花园一起经历了一次诗意般的复活。 Dickon stopped and lifted his face to look up① at the climbing and hanging sprays above him—“there'll be a fountain② of roses here this summer.” They went from bush to bush and from tree to tree. He was very strong and clever with his knife and knew how to cut the dry and dead wood away, and could tell when an unpromising③ twig (嫩枝) had green life in it. In the course④ of half an hour Mary thought she could tell too, and when he cut through a lifeless­looking branch she would cry out joyfully⑤ under her breath⑥ when she caught sight of⑦ the moist⑧ green. The spade⑨， and hoe (锄头), and fork were very useful. He showed her how to use the fork while he dug⑩ about roots with the spade and stirred⑪ the earth⑫ and let the air in. They were working industriously⑬ round one of the biggest standard roses when he caught sight of something that made him utter⑭ an exclamation⑮ of surprise. “Why！” he cried, pointing to the grass a few feet away. “Who did that there？” It was one of Mary's own little clearings⑯ round the pale green points. “I did it，” said Mary. “Why, I thought you didn't know nothing about gardening，” he exclaimed. “I don't，” she answered, “but they were so little, and the grass was so thick and strong, and they looked as if⑰ they had no room to breathe⑱. So I made a place for them. I don't even know what they are.” Dickon went and knelt down by them, smiling⑲ his wide smile. “They will be a sight⑳，” he said. “I'm growing fatter，” said Mary, “and I'm growing stronger. I used always to be tired. When I dig, I'm not tired at all. I like to smell the earth when it's turned up㉑.” “It's good for you，” he said, nodding his head wisely㉒. “Do you never catch cold？”inquired㉓ Mary, gazing at him wonderingly㉔. She had never seen such a funny boy, or such a nice one. “Not me，” he said, grinning㉕. He was working all the time he was talking and Mary was following him and helping him with her fork or the trowel (小铲子). “There's a lot of work to do here！” he said once. “Will you come again and help me to do it？” Mary begged㉖. “I'm sure I can help, too. I can dig and pull up㉗ weeds, and do whatever you tell me. Oh, do come, Dickon！” “I'll come every day if tha' wants me, rain or shine，” he answered stoutly㉘. “It's the best fun I ever had in my life.” “If you will come，” said Mary, “if you will help me to make it alive㉙，” she ended helplessly㉚. “Sure！”said Dickon, “It's nicer like this with things running wild.” “Don't let us make it tidy㉛，” said Mary anxiously㉜. “It wouldn't seem like a secret garden if it was tidy.” Mistress Mary always felt that however㉝ many years she lived she should never forget that first morning when her garden began to grow. Of course, it did seem to begin to grow for her that morning. When Dickon began to clear places to plant seeds, Mary frowned㉞ a little. Mary, kneeling by him holding the seeds, looked at him and stopped frowning. “Dickon，” she said, “you are as nice as Martha said you were. I like you, and you make the fifth person. I never thought I should like five people.” ①look up 向上看 ②fountain n．喷泉； 喷涌 ③unpromising adj.没有希望的，没有前途的 ④course n．过程 ⑤joyfully adv.高兴地 ⑥under one's breath低声地 ⑦catch sight of 看到 ⑧moist adj.湿润的 ⑨spade n．铲子 ⑩dig v．挖掘 ⑪stir v．搅动 ⑫earth [熟词生义] n．泥土 ⑬industriously adv.勤奋地 ⑭utter v．发出声音 ⑮exclamation n．感叹 ⑯clearing n．空地 ⑰此处为as if引导表语从句。 ⑱breathe v．呼吸 ⑲此处为v.­ing形式作状语。 ⑳sight [熟词生义] n．奇观 ㉑turn up [熟词生义] 翻土 ㉒wisely adv.明智地 ㉓inquire v．询问 ㉔wonderingly adv.惊讶地 ㉕grin v．咧嘴笑 ㉖beg v．请求 ㉗pull up [熟词生义] 拔起 ㉘stoutly adv.坚决地 ㉙此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 ㉚helplessly adv.无助地 ㉛tidy adj.整齐的 ㉜anxiously adv.焦急地 ㉝此处为however引导让步状语从句。 ㉞frown v．皱眉 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $