Unit 5 Learning from nature 单元语法（非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语）-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第三册

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Learning from nature 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、单句语法填空 1．It’s unfair (compare) a child to a machine. 【答案】to compare 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：把孩子比作机器是不公平的。句子形式为It’s unfair to do sth.意思为：做某事是不公平的，It为形式主语，空处用不定式作真正主语。故填to compare。 2．There is no doubt that it is vital (have) a good command of some knowledge of first aid. 【答案】to have 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，熟练掌握一些急救知识是至关重要的。此处为固定句型“It is vital to do sth.”，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所给词“have”是动词，所以此处为不定式形式to have。故填to have。 3．It would have been easy (rely) on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. 【答案】to rely 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果仅凭自己对这个公路建设者的固有看法（来评判他）那可就太轻率了，他此前从未离家超过几百英里远。It为形式主语，空处作真正主语，用动词不定式结构to rely，构成It+be+adj+to do结构。故填to rely。 4．It’s rude (stare) at others. 【答案】to stare 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：盯着别人看是不礼貌的。“It’s +形容词+ to do sth”是固定句型，其中“It”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，此处用不定式to stare作主语。故填to stare。 5． It is illegal (hunt) endangered wildlife according to the law. 【答案】to hunt 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据法律，猎杀濒危野生动物是违法的。此处为固定句型“it is + adj. + to do sth.”表示“做某事是……”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以此处使用动词hunt“猎杀”的不定式形式。故填to hunt。 6．It’s a comfort for me (see) they are brighter than ten years ago. 【答案】to see 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到他们比十年前更聪明，我感到很欣慰。see在句中应用非谓语动词形式，句首It为形式主语，空处应使用动词不定式作真正主语。故填to see。 7．It’s up to all of us (try) to solve the problems in our neighbourhoods. 【答案】to try 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们所有人都有责任努力解决我们社区的问题。“It’s up to sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的责任/取决于某人”，因此此处应用动词不定式to try。故填to try。 8．Many young people choose (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. 【答案】to pursue 【详解】考查不定式作宾语。句意：许多年轻人选择出国深造以拓宽视野并获取国际经验。动词choose后接不定式作宾语，构成choose to do sth.结构，意为“选择做某事”，故填to pursue。 9．We should aim (finish) the task before the deadline. 【答案】to finish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该力求在截止日期前完成任务。aim to do sth.“力求做某事”为固定短语。故填to finish。 10．He knew he had made a mistake and he was meant (apology) but he just couldn’t bring himself to do it. 【答案】to apologize 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他知道自己犯了错，本应该道歉，但就是无法鼓起勇气去做。分析句子结构可知，这里考查be meant to do sth，为固定搭配，表“本应该做某事”，此空需用动词不定式形式；apology的动词形式为apologize，表“道歉”，符合语法要求和语境。故填to apologize。 11．People tend (sleep) less as they get older. 【答案】to sleep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，人们往往睡眠会减少。tend to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“往往会做某事；倾向于做某事” ，这里用动词不定式to sleep作tend的宾语。故填to sleep。 12．Nothing seems (satisfy) him; he always finds something to complain about. 【答案】to satisfy 【详解】考查不定式。句意：似乎没有什么能让他满意；他总是能找到抱怨的东西。动词seem后常接不定式作宾语，即seem to do。故填to satisfy。 13．His father thought it a great honour (invite) to the party. 【答案】to be invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他父亲认为被邀请参加这个派对是极大的荣幸。句中“it”为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语；主语“His father”与动词“invite”之间是被动关系，需用不定式的被动式to be invited。故填to be invited。 14．You should challenge (improve) your spoken English. 【答案】to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该勇于挑战，提高你的英语口语水平。challenge to do sth.为固定搭配“挑战做某事”。故填to improve。 15．Those who work hard and never give up deserve (achieve) their dreams. 【答案】to achieve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些努力工作且永不放弃的人值得实现他们的梦想。分析句子结构可知，这里考查deserve to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”。故填to achieve。 16．Those who have lost their jobs struggle their supermarket bills. (pay)   【答案】to pay 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些失业的人难以支付超市账单。此处为固定搭配“struggle to do sth.”，意为“努力做某事、难以做某事”，空格处需用动词不定式形式作宾语；所给词“pay”为动词原形，其不定式形式为to pay，符合“失业者难以支付账单”的语境。故填to pay。 17．Gladly learning that you will return to your motherland and intend (bring) your mother some gifts. 【答案】to bring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很高兴得知你将回到祖国，并打算给你母亲带一些礼物。intend to do是固定搭配，意为“打算做某事”，此处填动词不定式作宾语。故填to bring。 18．Using some funny ways, Molly found it interesting (learn) all those boring classical writings. 【答案】to learn 【详解】考查不定式。句意：用一些有趣的方法，莫莉发现学习那些无聊的古典作品很有趣。find it interesting to do sth.是固定短语，意为“发现做某事是有趣的”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，因此空格处是不定式to learn。故填to learn。 19．Proper activities help enrich our lives, (broad) our horizons and develop our personalities. 【答案】broaden 【详解】考查动词。句意：适当的活动有助于丰富我们的生活、拓展我们的视野并塑造我们的个性。“ enrich our lives, _________ (broad) our horizons and develop our personalities”并列作help的宾语，help后接不定式作宾语，不定式符号可以省略，由enrich和develop可知，此处省略不定式符号to。故填broaden。 20．Shortly after she gathered enough material for her paper, she set out   (write). 【答案】to write 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在为论文收集到足够材料后不久，她就着手开始写作了。句中“set out”是固定短语，其后接动词不定式作宾语，构成“set out to do sth.”的结构，意为“着手做某事、开始做某事”。故填to write。 21．His ambition is (become) a professional pianist in the future. 【答案】to become 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的志向是未来成为一名职业钢琴家。当句子的主语是表示“目标、愿望、计划”等的抽象名词（如 ambition, dream, goal, wish 等）时，其表语通常用不定式（to do）来具体说明该目标的内容。故填to become。 22．My dream is (start) my own IT company! 【答案】to start 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的梦想是创办自己的信息技术公司！设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语my dream的具体内容。故填to start。 23．The purpose of this program is (develop) our interest in English learning.   【答案】to develop 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目的目的是培养我们对英语学习的兴趣。空处作表语，且主语为purpose，需用动词不定式作表语，说明主语purpose具体内容。故填to develop。 24．To listen to Tan’s music is (experience) a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. 【答案】to experience 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：聆听谭的音乐，是在体验中国传统音乐与西方音乐的融合。空处作表语，用不定式表结果，因此experience“体验”需用不定式的形式。故填to experience。 25．What the doctor told me was (lie) down and rest. 【答案】to lie 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生叫我躺下休息。说明主语的内容，用不定式作表语。故填to lie。 26． (preserve) traditional festivals is essential for passing down cultural values to future generations. 【答案】To preserve/Preserving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保护传统节日对于向后代传递文化价值观至关重要。句中is为谓语动词，此处用非谓语动词，此处可以使用不定式to preserve作主语，表示“去保护传统节日”；同时也可以使用动名词preserving作主语，表示“保护传统节日”这个行为，句首首字母大写。故填To preserve/Preserving。 27．I think (volunteer) in the community center helps teenagers’ development. 【答案】volunteering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为在社区中心参与志愿服务有助于青少年的成长。在从句作主语，用动名词形式，故填volunteering。 28． (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 【答案】Being referred 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因其被称为“精灵”，这使得它们与那些广为人知的前辈（如Hello Kitty以及其他毛绒玩具角色）有所不同。“refer to as elves”在句中作主语，要用动名词形式，且refer to与其逻辑主语“它们”之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being referred；句首单词首字母大写。故填Being referred。 29．It’s no good (stay) up late every night, which will take a toll on your health and affect your productivity the next day. 【答案】staying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每晚熬夜没有好处，这会对你的健康造成损害，还会影响你第二天的工作效率。It’s no good doing...为固定句型，意为“做……没有好处”，it为形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。故填staying。 30．Always (compare) children with others only makes them anxious, having a bad influence on their performance. 【答案】comparing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：总是把孩子和别人比较只会让他们焦虑，对他们的表现产生不良影响。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填入能作主语的成分。所给词compare，表“对比”，为动词，需转化为动名词形式comparing作主语，符合语境。故填comparing。 31． （share） your problems will greatly help reduce the pressure on you and build up your confidence. 【答案】Sharing 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：分享你的问题将极大地帮助你减轻压力并建立自信。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入动词的适当形式作主语。动词原形不能直接作主语，而动名词（doing 形式）可以充当主语，表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。所给词 “share” 为动词，其动名词形式是 “sharing”。句首单词首字母需大写，故答案为 Sharing。 32．Having considered (pursue) a career in medicine for years, he finally made up his mind and started preparing for the entrance exams. 【答案】pursuing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在考虑了多年从事医学工作之后，他终于下定决心，开始准备入学考试。consider后常接doing作宾语。故填pursuing。 33．I don’t mind (help) you with your English homework after school. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：放学后我不介意帮你做英语作业。mind 后接动名词作宾语，构成mind doing sth.结构，意为“介意做某事”。故填helping。 34．We are looking forward to (invite) to the opening ceremony of the new library. 【答案】being invited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们期待着能被邀请参加新图书馆的开馆典礼。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语；“我们”和“邀请”是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式。故填being invited。 35．What makes me feel satisfied is (help) those who are in trouble. 【答案】helping/to help 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让我感到满足的事情是帮助那些身处困境的人。本空在系动词is后，作表语；动名词helping和不定式to help均可作表语，二者的区别在于：用helping时，强调抽象、习惯性的动作，表示“帮助他人”这件事本身就是让人满足的常态；用to help时，强调具体、某次的动作，表示当下或特定情境中帮助他人的行为带来满足感。两种形式均符合语法和句意要求。故填helping或to help。 36．The postman is responsible for (deliver) letters and parcels to every household in the neighborhood. 【答案】delivering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：邮递员负责把信件和包裹送到附近的每家每户。be responsible for doing sth.为固定短语，意为“负责做某事”，空处需填动名词delivering，作宾语。故填delivering。 37．One mistake you made is (ignore) the difference between the two findings. 【答案】ignoring 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你犯的一个错误是忽略了两个发现之间的差异。分析句子可知，主语为One mistake you made，is是系动词，故应用ignore的动名词形式作表语，表达一种动作的抽象意义，符合句意。故填ignoring。 38．The boy’s hobby is (collect) all the old newspapers. 【答案】collecting 【详解】考查动名词作表语。句意：这个男孩的爱好就是收集所有的旧报纸。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词的动名词形式，作表语，对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。故填collecting。 39．His favorite sport is (play) basketball. 【答案】playing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。空格处用动名词playing作表语，故填playing。 40．I know that her hobby is (make) short cooking videos for the traditional holiday. 【答案】making 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我知道每到这个传统节日，她就喜欢拍摄一些烹饪短视频。此处应填写动名词形式，充当句子表语，一般表示习惯性的行为动作。故填making。 二、完成句子 41． a lot of money to our school every year. 他每年都为我们学校捐许多钱，真是大方。 【答案】It is generous of him to contribute 【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“某人做某事真是大方”需用固定句型it is generous of sb. to do sth.，“捐款”译为contribute，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语，且位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填It is generous of him to contribute。 42． widening horizons as soon as possible. 对我们来说，尽快开始拓宽视野是很重要的。 【答案】 It is important for us to begin 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“对某人来说，做某事……”句型为it be adj. for sb. to do sth.；表示“重要”用形容词important；表示“开始”为begin。It作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故填It is important for us to begin。 43．I happened when Henry called. Henry打电话来时我正在读书。 【答案】 to be reading 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“碰巧做某事”用happen to do，不定式作宾语，“阅读”用read，且该动作正在发生，应用不定式的进行式to be reading。故填to；be；reading。 44．Adam wants a movie. Adam想去看一部电影。 【答案】 to see 【详解】考查动词不定式。表示“看”用see，用不定式，作wants的宾语。故填①to；②see。 45．随着科技的发展，通过视频发送新年祝福成为一种流行的庆祝方式。 As   ，   has become a popular way of celebration. 【答案】 the technology develops sending New Year’s greetings via videos 【详解】考查时间状语从句和动名词。根据句意，第一空表示“随着科技的发展”，用as引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，使用一般现在时，从句主语the technology为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式develops；第二空表示“通过视频发送新年祝福”，用动名词短语sending New Year’s greetings via videos作句子的主语。故填①the technology develops；②sending New Year’s greetings via videos。 46．Spending more time in one place . 在一个地方多待些时间，能让你更好地感受当地生活。 【答案】allows you to get a better feel for the local way of life 【详解】考查短语和时态。“使得某人能够做某事”用短语allow sb. to do sth.；“对……有感受；对……有所体会”用短语get a feel for…；“当地生活”翻译为the local way of life；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填allows you to get a better feel for the local way of life。 47． made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame. 他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。 【答案】His failing in the exam again 【详解】考查动名词短语作主语。“考试不及格”可译为fail in the exam，“又”译为again，分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语，动词作主语需用动名词形式，且此处表示“他的考试又不及格”，应用动名词的复合结构“物主代词+动名词”，构成His failing in the exam again作主语。故填His failing in the exam again。 48． was worth more than what I did for him. 给我这项奖励已超出我为他所做的价值。 【答案】Offering me the prize 【详解】考查动名词短语。根据中英文句子可知，空处缺少“给我这项奖励”的英文表达。表示“给某人某物”用offer sb. sth.，“我”用宾格me，“这项奖励”用the prize，即offer me the prize；分析句子结构可知，此处作主语，应用动名词短语，即动词offer用动名词形式offering，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Offering me the prize。 49．被面试后他回家了。 he went home. 【答案】After being interviewed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“在……后”使用介词after，“面试”使用动词interview，此处表示他是被面试的，动名词使用被动形式，作after的宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故填After being interviewed。 50．感谢你提醒我什么才是生命中最重要的。 Thank you for me what is important in life. 【答案】 reminding of 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“提醒某人某事”用remind sb. of sth.，作介词for的宾语，用动名词reminding。故填①reminding；②of。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Learning from nature 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、单句语法填空 1．It’s unfair (compare) a child to a machine. 2．There is no doubt that it is vital (have) a good command of some knowledge of first aid. 3．It would have been easy (rely) on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. 4．It’s rude (stare) at others. 5． It is illegal (hunt) endangered wildlife according to the law. 6．It’s a comfort for me (see) they are brighter than ten years ago. 7．It’s up to all of us (try) to solve the problems in our neighbourhoods. 8．Many young people choose (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their horizons and gain international experience. 9．We should aim (finish) the task before the deadline. 10．He knew he had made a mistake and he was meant (apology) but he just couldn’t bring himself to do it. 11．People tend (sleep) less as they get older. 12．Nothing seems (satisfy) him; he always finds something to complain about. 13．His father thought it a great honour (invite) to the party. 14．You should challenge (improve) your spoken English. 15．Those who work hard and never give up deserve (achieve) their dreams. 16．Those who have lost their jobs struggle their supermarket bills. (pay)   17．Gladly learning that you will return to your motherland and intend (bring) your mother some gifts. 18．Using some funny ways, Molly found it interesting (learn) all those boring classical writings. 19．Proper activities help enrich our lives, (broad) our horizons and develop our personalities. 20．Shortly after she gathered enough material for her paper, she set out   (write). 21．His ambition is (become) a professional pianist in the future. 22．My dream is (start) my own IT company! 23．The purpose of this program is (develop) our interest in English learning.   24．To listen to Tan’s music is (experience) a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. 25．What the doctor told me was (lie) down and rest. 26． (preserve) traditional festivals is essential for passing down cultural values to future generations. 27．I think (volunteer) in the community center helps teenagers’ development. 28． (refer) to as elves set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters). 29．It’s no good (stay) up late every night, which will take a toll on your health and affect your productivity the next day. 30．Always (compare) children with others only makes them anxious, having a bad influence on their performance. 31． （share） your problems will greatly help reduce the pressure on you and build up your confidence. 32．Having considered (pursue) a career in medicine for years, he finally made up his mind and started preparing for the entrance exams. 33．I don’t mind (help) you with your English homework after school. 34．We are looking forward to (invite) to the opening ceremony of the new library. 35．What makes me feel satisfied is (help) those who are in trouble. 36．The postman is responsible for (deliver) letters and parcels to every household in the neighborhood. 37．One mistake you made is (ignore) the difference between the two findings. 38．The boy’s hobby is (collect) all the old newspapers. 39．His favorite sport is (play) basketball. 40．I know that her hobby is (make) short cooking videos for the traditional holiday. 二、完成句子 41． a lot of money to our school every year. 他每年都为我们学校捐许多钱，真是大方。 42． widening horizons as soon as possible. 对我们来说，尽快开始拓宽视野是很重要的。 43．I happened when Henry called. Henry打电话来时我正在读书。 44．Adam wants a movie. Adam想去看一部电影。 45．随着科技的发展，通过视频发送新年祝福成为一种流行的庆祝方式。 As   ，   has become a popular way of celebration. 46．Spending more time in one place . 在一个地方多待些时间，能让你更好地感受当地生活。 47． made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame. 他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。 48． was worth more than what I did for him. 给我这项奖励已超出我为他所做的价值。 49．被面试后他回家了。 he went home. 50．感谢你提醒我什么才是生命中最重要的。 Thank you for me what is important in life. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $