Unit 3 2 Period 2 Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义围绕旧金山多元文化之旅的文本阅读，整合阅读理解、核心词汇（如diverse, seek等）、语法（定语从句、独立主格、分词作状语）及文化背景（移民历史、淘金热），构建“文本理解-语言知识-文化认知”的学习支架，帮助学生系统掌握阅读策略与语言运用。 该资料以真实文本为载体，通过阅读理解题和句子结构分析提升语言能力，结合移民文化内容培养文化意识，开放式问题（如文化多样性的利弊）促进思维品质发展。课中辅助语法解析与词汇拓展，课后通过练习题巩固，助力查漏补缺。

Period 2　Reading and Thinking 　〈读文清障，文本助解释疑〉见分册本教材原文助读5(P10) What's the main idea of the passage? A．The author's visit to Napa Valley. B．The author's camp in the Redwood Forest. C.The author's introduction to the Mission District. D．The author's trip in San Francisco with diverse cultures. 答案：D 1．What happened to San Francisco in 1906? A．An earthquake broke out. B．The railway to the eastern region was built. C．A gold rush started. D．Over 300，000 Chinese immigrants came to the city. 2．Why did many people come to San Francisco in 1848? A．Because there was an art movement. B．Because gold was discovered near the city. C．Because they wanted to build a new home there. D．Because the city was beautiful. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinatown has only Cantonese restaurants for visitors. B．San Francisco has always been the centre for art. C．The gold rush began in Mexico. D．San Francisco is a city mostly influenced by immigrants. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To share an interesting experience. B.To introduce San Francisco with diverse cultures. C.To show the hardships of the immigrants. D．To attract readers to visit San Francisco. 答案：1～4.ABDB 1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(Para.1) [分析]　此句是复合句。what引导的是感叹句；第一个that引导的是(限制性)定语从句，先行词是a city，在从句中作主语；第二个that引导的是(限制性)定语从句，先行词是the earthquake，在从句中作主语。 [翻译]　多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座得以在1906年发生地震后重建的城市。 2．There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city，the ocean，and the Golden Gate Bridge.(Para.1) [分析]　此句有there be句型。“many sitting on top of big hills”是独立主格结构，many为sitting的逻辑主语；“offering great views of the city...the Golden Gate Bridge”为现在分词短语作状语。 [翻译]　这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅，城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。 3．In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco, which started a gold rush.(Para.3) [分析]　此句是复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，不能替换成that。 [翻译]　同年，旧金山附近发现黄金，引发了淘金热。 After 1.camping(camp) in the Redwood Forest and visiting the wine country of Napa Valley, I spent a whole day in San Francisco, 2.where there are many beautiful old buildings sitting on top of big hills. In the morning, I walked around the Mission District, which used to be 3.a poor area of town, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. In the afternoon, I paid a visit 4.to a local museum that showed the 5.historical(history) changes in California. I learnt that America got California from Mexico in 1848.In the same year, gold 6.was_discovered(discover) near San Francisco, which 7.started(start) a gold rush. Over 300，000 immigrants from all over the world came here 8.to_seek(seek) their fortune. They also 9.brought(bring) their cultures with them. In the evening, I went to Chinatown and had a great meal in a Cantonese restaurant. Tomorrow evening, I am going to a jazz bar in the Richmond District. I can't wait 10.to_go (go) there. 1．Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture？What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What do you think brought about the cultural diversity? _________________________________________________________________ 答案：Open answers. Ⅰ.阅读词汇·识记 选出与单词对应的汉语释义 1．chip n.　　　　　 A．具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 2．spicy adj. B．(有关)历史的 3．ethnic adj. C．涂鸦；胡写乱画 4．graffiti n. D．(外来)移民；外侨 5．historical adj. E．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯 片；芯片；碎片 6．immigrant n. F．加有香料的；辛辣的 答案：1～5.EFACB　6.D Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1．a cheese sandwich　　　 奶酪三明治 2．go downtown 去市中心 3．a secret mission 秘密任务 4．a town's central business district 一个城镇的中心商业区 5．comic art 漫画艺术 6．seek for help 寻求帮助 7．a china vase 瓷花瓶 8．a modern jazz record 一张现代爵士乐唱片 9．a little local bar 一家当地的小酒吧 10．draw a diagram 画一张简图 11．in the journal 在日志中 12．claim to firm your body 宣称能强壮你的身体 13．watch TV series 看电视连续剧 14．escape the cold winter 逃离寒冷的冬天 Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．diverse [daI'vɜːs] adj.不同的；多种多样的→diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 2．fortune ['fɔːtʃuːn] n．机会；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的；交好运的；侥幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地；交好运地；吉利地→(反义词)unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的；可惜的→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 3．admit [əd'mIt] vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)→admission n．(尤指对过错、罪行的)承认；准许进入；入场费 4．definitely ['defInətli] adv.肯定；确实→definite adj.肯定的；确实的 5．occur [ə'kɜː(r)] vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．出现；发生；发生的事情 6．earn [ɜːn] vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→earnings n．利润；收入；工资 7．select [sI'lekt] vt.选择；挑选；选拔→selection n．被挑选的人或物；选择；挑选→selective adj.选择性的；严格筛选的 8．minority [maI'nɒrəti] n．少数民族；少数派；少数人→minor adj.较小的；次要的 v．辅修 n．未成年人；辅修科目→(反义词)majority n．大多数；大部分 Ⅳ.重点短语·再现 根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语 1．The match over, many fans headed_to(朝……走去) the exit with satisfaction. 2．The poor boy left his small village to seek_his_fortune(闯世界) in the big city. 3．In fact, it is easy to earn_a_living(谋生) as long as you master a skill. 4．It is well known that science has brought_about(引起) many changes in our lives. 5．Apart_from(除了……外) some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good. Ⅴ.重点句型·呈现 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．it＋系动词＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. I have to admit that it_definitely_feels_good_to_be_back_in_the_city_again(再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了).(Para.1) 2．独立主格结构 There are so many beautiful old buildings—many_sitting_on_top_of_big_hills(不少坐落于大山之巅), offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge.(Para.1) 3．现在分词(短语)作后置定语 Many of the people living_here(住在这里的) are from Mexico or Central America.(Para.2) 4．过去分词(短语)作后置定语 In fact, an art movement called_the_“Mission_School” (名为“教会派”) started here.(Para.2) 5．现在分词(短语)作伴随状语 I walked around looking_at_the_street_art(欣赏着街头艺术) for a few hours.(Para.2) 6．动词不定式(短语)作目的状语 To_earn_a_living(为了谋生), some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. (Para.3) diverse　adj.不同的；多种多样的 【经典例句】 (教材P25)In this unit, you will explore the diverse cultures of the world. 在本单元，你将探索世界上多种多样的文化。 (1)diverse cultures　　 多种多样的文化 diverse views 不同的观点 (2)diversity n. 差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性 a great diversity of 多种多样的 (3)diversely adv. 多样地 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read widely and diversely(diverse).应用文写作之建议信 (2)It was 21st February, the International Mother Language Day, a day to celebrate language and cultural diversity(diverse). (3)我一定要抓住这次宝贵的机会，体验不同国家的美食。 I must grasp this precious opportunity to_experience_diverse_foods_from_different_countries． admit　vi.& vt.承认　vt.准许进入 (或加入)；容纳 【经典例句】 (译林必修二U2)After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi.　然而，上了第一节课后，我不得不承认我之前对太极拳的认识是错误的。 (1)admit sth./doing sth./having done sth. 　　　 　　 承认某事/做某事/做过某事 admit that... 承认…… admit...to be... 承认……是…… admit...to/into... 允许……进入……；接 纳……成为……中的一员 be admitted as... 作为……被接受；被接纳为…… (2)admission n. (尤指对过错、罪行的) 承认；准许进入；入场费 【语境辨义/单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】 (1)The English Speech Contest will be held in the lecture hall which can admit 1，000 people.容纳 应用文写作之活动介绍 (2)I have been successfully admitted as a volunteer for the National Games. (3)Besides, there will be an admission(admit) charge of 50 yuan for each person. (4)得知你被理想的大学录取了，我迫不及待地向你表示祝贺。 Learning that you_are_admitted_to/into_your_ideal_university,_I can't wait to express my congratulations to you.应用文写作之祝贺信 (5)眼里含着泪水，他承认自己在期末考试中作弊。 →With tears in his eyes, he admitted_cheating/having_cheated in the final examination. →With tears in his eyes, he admitted_that_he_had_cheated in the final examination. 读后续写之情绪描写 admit意为“承认”时，后面可接名词、动名词，不接动词不定式；意为“准许进入”时，不接动词不定式的复合结构，即不可表达为“admit sb. to do...”。 occur　vi.发生；出现 【经典例句】 ①(教材P28)And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.　多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座得以在1906年发生地震后重建的城市。 ②(北师大必修三U9)According to him, the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.　根据他的说法，最显著的遗忘出现在学习之后的最初阶段。 (1)sth. occurs to sb.　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想到…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 (2)occurrence n. 出现；发生；发生的事情 【单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译】 (1)I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred(occur). (2)What he describes is more a made­up story than a real occurrence(occur). (3)那天晚上一场可怕的暴风雨来袭，狂风怒吼，大雨倾盆而下。 That night a_terrible_storm_occurred,_with the wild wind howling and the rain pouring down.读后续写之场景描写 (4)我突然想到，只要把头伸进南瓜里，我就能赢得第一名。 →It_occurred_to_me_that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.(occur) →It_struck_me_that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.(strike) →It_hit_me_that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.(hit) head to 　(朝……)前进；(向……)去 【经典例句】 (教材P28)In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California. 下午，我前往当地的一家博物馆，它展示了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。 head for/towards　　　　　　　 朝……前进 head north/south 朝北/南走 head home 回家 raise one's head 抬头 nod one's head in agreement 点头同意 hold one's head high 昂首挺胸 【补全句子/完成句子】 (1)She raised_her_head(抬头) with tears welling up in her eyes.读后续写之情绪描写 (2)He nodded_his_head_in_agreement(点头同意) after carefully considering the details. (3)退休后，他到农村过着舒适的生活。 After he retired, he headed_to_the_countryside to lead a comfortable life. (4)准备好母亲节的早餐后，双胞胎昂首挺胸，朝他们母亲的卧室走去。 After preparing the Mother's Day breakfast, the twins held_their_heads_high and headed_to/for/towards their mother's bedroom. 读后续写之动作描写 seek　vt.& vi.(sought, sought)寻找； 寻求；争取；(向人)请求 【经典例句】 (教材P28)Over 300，000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. 30多万人从世界各地蜂拥而至，在这里寻找他们的致富道路，旧金山迅速成为一座大都市。 seek one's fortune　 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 seek after/for　　　　　 追求，寻求 seek out 挑选出；找出 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 【单句语法填空/完成语段】 (1)We seek to_find(find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us. (2)After graduating from university, he decided to leave his hometown and seek after/for job opportunities in big cities. (3)这对双胞胎试图做一顿美味的母亲节早餐，但是失败了。因此，他们突然想到可以向他们亲爱的爸爸征求意见。 The twins sought_to_make a delicious Mother's Day breakfast, but failed. Therefore, it occurred to them to seek_advice_from their beloved father. earn　vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得 【经典例句】 (教材P28)To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开商店和餐馆。 ( 1)earn/make money　　　 挣钱 earn/make a living(＝earn/make one's living) 谋生 earn the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 (2)earnings n. 利润；收入，工资 【单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子】 (1)His earnings(earn) from the part­time job are enough to cover his living expenses. (2)We will be more careful with money if we know how hard it is to earn/make_money(赚钱). (3)于是他儿子说：“亲爱的爸爸，您的处境太困难了，我也是您的负担。如果我离开这里，去努力谋生的话，或许会好一些。” So his son said, “Dear Dad, you have fallen on very hard times and I'm a burden to you; it will be better if I go away and try_to_earn_a/my_living．” select　vt.选择；挑选；选拔 【经典例句】 (教材P29) I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.　我挑了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盘上的。 (1)select...as/to be...　 挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select for... 为……而挑选 (2)selection n. 被挑选的人或物； 选择；挑选；选拔 selective adj. 选择性的；严格筛选的 【单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)She behaved so well that she was selected to_represent(represent) the company at the conference. (2)Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection(select). (3)Our school provides us with a diverse range of selective(select) courses, varying from music to art. (4)事实上，他是如此负责任和热心，所以我们选他当班长。 In fact, he was so responsible and warm­hearted that we_selected_him_as/to_be_our_monitor． 应用文写作之人物介绍 bring about　导致；引起 【经典例句】 (教材P29)What do you think brought about the cultural diversity? 你认为是什么导致了这种文化的多样性呢？ bring back　　　　　 使回想起；使恢复 bring in 引进；生产；挣得 bring up 抚养，抚育；提及；呕吐 bring down 降低；减少 bring...back to life 使复活，给……以活力， 使……重返生机 【用bring的相关短语填空/完成句子】 (1)The kindness of strangers has done much to bring_back my faith in humanity. (2)The supermarket brought_down the prices of daily goods to promote its sales volume. (3)The Internet is a technological wonder, bringing_about far­reaching changes in all aspects of our lives. (4)Brought_up by his uncle, he has made up his mind to do something in return for him. (5)幸运的是，一位在美国的华裔移民正试图让这门艺术重获生机。 Luckily, a Chinese immigrant in America is trying to bring_this_art_back_to_life． claim　vt.& n．夺取(生命)；声称；宣称； 断言；声明；主张；索要；索取 【经典例句】 (教材P29)Over 3，000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. 1906年的旧金山地震和之后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3 000 多人的生命。 (1)claim to do/to have done sth. 　　　　　　　　　　 声称做/做过某事 claim for sth. 要求某物；索要某物 claim that... 声称…… It's claimed that... 据说…… (2)make a claim for... 对(赔偿等)提出要求 【语境辨义/单句语法填空/完成句子】 (1)I don't claim to be an expert.声称 (2)The car crash claimed three lives.夺取(生命) (3)She has denied the magazine's claim that she is leaving the team.声明 (4)Fishermen and sailors claimed to_have_seen(see) monsters in the sea. (5)研究人员声称，他们发现每晚有规律地睡8个小时对我们的健康产生切实的影响。 Researchers claim_to_have_found_that getting a regular eight­hour sleep every night makes a real difference to our health. escape　vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开；泄漏； 被遗忘；被忽视；未被注意 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 【经典例句】 (教材P29)After visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter. 在参观了云南南部之后，我不得不承认，这是中国最好的躲避寒冬的地区。 (1)escape from...　　 从……中逃脱 escape into 逃入 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事 (2)sth. escapes sb. 某事(物)被某人遗忘 (3)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生 【语境辨义/语段填空/完成句子】 (1)One question on the exam escaped my notice, and I didn't answer it. 未被注意 (2)Her name escaped me, which made me quite embarrassed. 被遗忘 (3)For her, travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life. 解脱 (4)She managed to escape from the burning car afterwards. In other words, she narrowly escaped being_killed(kill) in the fire.读后续写之场景描写 (5)对这些人来说，他们好不容易及时从燃烧的建筑中逃出真是九死一生。 It_was_a_narrow_escape_for_these_people as they barely made it out of the burning building in time. it＋系动词＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. 【经典例句】 ①(教材P28)I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 我不得不承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。 ②(北师大必修一U1)It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. 能够在购物前比较不同网店的商品的质量和价格是非常方便的。 ③Since the only person that understands my music is gone, it's no use keeping the qin. 既然懂我的音乐的人已经不在了，留着这把琴也没用了。 (1)It is/feels/seems/...＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.； (2)It is/feels/seems/...＋adj.＋that从句； (3)It is no＋n.(good/use/...)＋doing sth.； (4)It is＋过去分词(said/thought/hoped/believed/supposed/reported/...)＋that从句。 【单句语法填空/句型转换】 (1)It is no good spending(spend) too much time on computer games. (2)It is_reported(report) that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.应用文写作之报道 (3)It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. →It_is_necessary_for_him_to_be_sent_there at once. 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语 【经典例句】 ①(教材P28)I walked around looking at the street art for a few hours. 一连好几个小时，我四处走着，欣赏着街头艺术。 ②(译林必修一U2)You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 你可能会因为与你的朋友们成长速度不同而感到焦虑，你会快速长高或者被远远甩在后面。 (1)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语所表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系； (2)一般情况下，现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 【单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级】 (1)He lay on the grass, staring(stare) at the sky for a long time. (2)All night long he lay awake, thinking(think) of the problem. (3)面对这些问题，我写信向你寻求一些建议。 Facing_these_problems,_I'm writing to ask you for some advice.应用文写作之求助信 (4)The music festival will start at 8 a．m. It will last three hours. →The music festival will start at 8 a．m., lasting_three_hours．(现在分词短语作状语) Ⅰ. 品句填词 1．In our class, the students who keep journals every day are in a minority(少数). 2．I sought advice from the kind­hearted and experienced retired professor yesterday. 3．There is no doubt that we will select the best players to take part in the coming Olympic Games. 4．They claimed(声称) to have discovered a cure for the disease. 5．Bob looked back only to find an old friend whose name escaped(被遗忘) him for the moment. 6．He thought his mission(使命) in his life was to spread diverse(不同的) Chinese outstanding cultures to foreigners. 7．It doesn't matter whether your home is in a noisy downtown or in a quiet countryside. 8．She was so happy because she was admitted(准许进入) to her dream university. 9．To see northern lights requires patience and good fortune(运气). Ⅱ.词块运用 1．The documentary shows a_series_of(一系列) fascinating experiments conducted by scientists. 2．My hometown used to be a small town，where people earned_a_living(谋生) by fishing every day. 3．There was a time when many people immigrated to California to seek_their_fortune(寻找致富之路). 4．The global warming, if not properly controlled, might bring_about(导致) a chain of bad consequences. 5．Tired out but pleased to have assisted the old men to clean their rooms, as it was getting dark，we headed_to(前往) our homes afterwards. 6．Apart_from(除了……外) being fun, swimming is a great way to keep fit. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文 Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to the charming Hainan Island. It is the second largest island in China 1.covering_an_area_of_35，000_square_kilometres[面积35 000平方公里；现在分词(短语)作后置定语]. Situated in the southern part of our country, it is separated from the mainland by the Qiongzhou Strait. Hainan Island, 2.known_for_its_mild_climate_and_stunning_scenery[以其温和的气候和迷人的景色而闻名；过去分词(短语)作后置定语], is called “the Oriental Hawaii”. 3.Thousands_of_tourists_flooding_in_annually(每年有成千上万的游客涌入；独立主格结构), the local economy has developed rapidly. The island is home to numerous famous attractions and offers a variety of activities, 4.ranging_from_sunbathing_and_hiking_to_diving_and_surfing[从日光浴和徒步旅行到潜水和冲浪不等；现在分词(短语)作后置定语]. Each experience is unique, adding to the attraction of Hainan. Whoever comes to Hainan can relax under the warm sun and enjoy the peace of nature. 5.To_make_the_most_of_the_visit[为了充分利用这次参观；动词不定式(短语)作目的状语], it is important to plan ahead. For example, booking accommodations in advance is essential, especially during peak seasons. 6.It_is_also_beneficial_to_experience_the_local_customs_and_traditions_in_person(亲自体验当地的风土人情和传统也很有益；it＋系动词＋adj.＋to do sth.). In conclusion, Hainan Island is a destination with the mix of natural beauty, cultural richness, and friendliness. I am sure everyone will have a wonderful time here. Thank you! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $