Unit 6 Section Ⅰ “Understanding ideas”的课文习读环节 课时跟踪检测-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套练习word（外研版）

Section Ⅰ　“Understanding ideas”的课文习读环节 [课时跟踪检测]　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A() Data obtained from China's Zhurong rover (探测器) indicate that the ocean — known as Deuteronilus — would have existed roughly 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, a time when Mars had a thicker atmosphere and warmer climate. According to scientists, hidden underneath the red planet is evidence that there were once sandy beaches and a sizeable ocean on it. The rover, which operated from May 2021 to May 2022, travelled about 1.9km on the planet, and detected materials with properties similar to sand around 10m — 35m below the surface. The sand­like material all sloped (倾斜) in the same direction and at an angle, similar to beaches on Earth, and spanned about 1.5km, researchers said. These Earth­like features led researchers to investigate whether they were truly formed by ancient waves. The study, published in a journal, said these beaches would have been the result of long­term impacts of waves and tides, similar to how such forces shaped Earth's landscapes. The discovery could be crucial in finding out if Mars's surface supported living organisms. “Shorelines are great locations to look for evidence of past life，” co­author of the study, Michael Manga of the University of California, Berkeley, said. “It's thought that the earliest life on Earth began at locations like this, near the interface of air and shallow water.” To confirm this hypothesis,_the team systematically ruled out alternative explanations. According to Benjamin Cardenas, fellow co­author and Penn State geoscientist, researchers were able to rule out that the structures detected by the rover were ancient rivers or sand dunes (沙丘). “Beaches simply fit the observations best，” he said. “Dunes tend to come in groups, and these groups produce characteristic patterns not present in these deposits (沉积物)．.. We also considered ancient rivers, but we rejected that theory for similar reasons based on the patterns we saw in the deposits.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了根据“祝融号”火星车的探测数据，研究者指出火星上的海滩可能是波浪和潮汐长期作用的结果，并排除了其他地质解释。 1．What did the Zhurong rover's data reveal about Mars? A．Its surface was once covered with sand. B．It witnessed ups and downs in life forms. C．It had a large ocean billions of years ago. D．Its atmosphere experienced significant changes. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，中国“祝融号”探测器获取的数据表明，被称为Deuteronilus的海洋可能存在于约35亿至40亿年前，即揭示了火星在数十亿年前曾有一个大型海洋。 2．What can be inferred about Martian beaches? A．They sloped at varied angles. B．They were found on the surface of Mars. C．They must have held rich organisms at a certain period. D．They might have experienced similar processes to those on Earth. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，这些火星上的特征类似地球，且研究指出火星海滩可能是波浪和潮汐长期作用的结果，与地球上类似力量塑造地貌的方式相似，由此可推断火星海滩可能经历了与地球上相似的过程。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 3．What does the underlined word “hypothesis” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Discovery. B．Assumption. C．Approach. D．Principle. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第四段第一句可知，研究指出火星海滩由波浪和潮汐长期作用形成，研究团队系统地排除了其他可能的解释，目的是验证这一相关假设，所以画线词意为“假设，猜想”。 4．What's the researchers' attitude towards the “ancient rivers” explanation? A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Mixed. 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，研究者考虑了古代河流的可能性，但根据沉积物的特征否定了这一理论，因此态度是否定的。 B The thing about space is that it's huge — terrifyingly, impossibly vast. It took three days for the Apollo to get to the moon. It takes between five months and a year to get to Mars and approximately five years to get to Jupiter (木星). The nearest star outside the Solar System is Proxima Centauri (半人马比邻星), which would take the Voyager spacecraft 80,000 years or so to get to. We're not really constructed for space travel. We don't live very long, relatively speaking. Our muscles and skeleton need gravity. We need oxygen, warmth, water and food, whereas space doesn't have any of these. We're also not in good conditions with high doses of radiation. In other words, space exploration is an incredibly dangerous venture. When I was a kid, exploring space was a big deal. The first space mission I remember was Viking 2, which landed on Mars. Honestly, I was expecting it to find alien life. Not intelligent life, maybe, but life. Subsequently, I knew with absolute certainty that we were not alone in the universe. It was only a matter of time before we'd pick up radio signals from an alien civilization. I figured that one day in the not­too­distant future, those aliens would land, and we'd eventually get to know our intergalactic (星系间的) neighbors. When the Space Shuttle program was first announced, I was convinced that the future was approaching. We were reaching outward. Humans were going to explore the universe, come into contact with aliens, live on other worlds, and have adventures. And it was all going to be fulfilled in my lifetime. Of course, none of that has happened. There have been lots of incredible missions including Voyager 1 and 2, New Horizons, and Cassini. None of these missions have involved astronauts, and the future that a lot of us had stepped into in our imaginations hasn't happened. But we need to continue exploring. Exploration, knowledge, wonder, imagination — these are the best of what it means to be human. Let's boldly go already. The next giant leap doesn't have to be Mars. It would be incredible to find microbial life somewhere in outer space. On January 28, 1986, I sat in the cafeteria of my high school and watched the Space Shuttle Challenger take off. The teachers at my school had set up TVs so that we could get inspired. Instead, we all watched in horror as the space shuttle blew up. Seven astronauts died. Not one of us thought that we should cancel the Space Shuttle program or cut the budget. If anything, we wanted more. We still do. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲的是虽然太空探索很困难，但是我们仍然要继续下去，因为这是作为人类最好的意义。 5．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．The location of Earth in the universe. B．The main features of space. C．The limitations of the human body. D．The difficulties of space travel. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，这两段主要讲述了太空旅行的困难。 6．Why do we need to continue the cause of space exploration? A．It involves the best things that make us human. B．Life existing beyond Earth can satisfy our needs. C．Living on other worlds will bring benefits. D．We will have great fun having adventures in space. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we need to ... human.”可知，我们要继续太空探索事业，是因为它包含了使我们成为人类的最好的东西。 7．What does the author intend to convey through the last paragraph? A．Mankind's journey to space is dangerous but rewarding. B．We need to stimulate more students to explore the unknown. C．No difficulties would prevent us from exploring the universe. D．More efforts should be made to guarantee the safety of astronauts. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者想传达的信息是：任何困难都不能阻止我们探索宇宙。 8．What is the main theme of this passage? A．The failed expectations of space exploration. B．The need to continue space exploration. C．The challenges of space travel. D．The author's childhood memories of space travel. 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要讲的是虽然太空探索很困难，但是我们仍然要继续下去，因为这是作为人类最好的意义，因此主题是“继续进行太空探索的必要性”。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 It sounds like something from science fiction — a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars.While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: __9__ The space race saw the US and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight.The former Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else. __10__ Now it appears that Mars is the celestial body of desire.While the reputation and bragging rights to be the first nation to touch down is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there. __11__ You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming (地球化) — changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs. However, not everyone agrees. __12__ He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth. It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life. __13__ Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet.One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroid (小行星) from Mars. A．And the US landed on the Moon first. B．Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them. C．One of these could be the survival of our species. D．Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars? E．It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. F．Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough. G．May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science? 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。 9．选D　根据上文“While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is”可知，此处会是一个疑问句，内容与登陆火星有关，选项D“为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣？”符合题意。 10．选A　根据上文“The space race ... anyone else.”可知，此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先事件有关，故选项A“美国首先登陆月球”符合题意。 11．选C　根据上文“there are other reasons we want to get there”及下文“You only have to ... another habitable planet.”可知，C项“其中一个原因可能是我们人类的生存”承上启下，符合题意。 12．选B　根据下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet ... makes no sense ...”可知，此处内容与持反对意见的人有关，He指的是选项B中的“Neil Tyson”。 13．选E　根据上文“It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.”可知，此处内容与地球外的生命有关，故选项E“人们一直认为，火星上曾经有过各种生命”符合题意，且选项E中的“at one time”与空后的“Now seemingly dead”相呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $