Unit 6 Space and Beyond 阅读·久久为功-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（外研版）

本讲义围绕太空探索主题，系统整合主题名句积累、两篇核心课文（《The Call of the Challenger》《EYES UPON THE NIGHT》）精读（含对译、难句破解）、词汇记忆策略、写作范文及主题拓展阅读，构建从语言输入到输出的完整学习支架。 该资料以航天探索为载体，通过中外航天名言（如杨利伟、霍金等）培育文化意识，结合课文难句分析（如主语从句、独立主格结构）提升思维品质，范文与拓展阅读助力语言能力提升。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固语言知识与主题认知，实现核心素养的综合培养。

附：《阅读·久久为功》 一、背主题名句，写大气文章 1．For the peace and progress of mankind, the Chinese come to the space. —Yang Liwei 为了人类的和平与进步，中国人来到了太空。——杨利伟 2．Space travel is not the thing of a person or a group of people, but is the historical process of human natural in its development.—Yuri Gagarin 太空旅行不是一个人或某群人的事，它是人类自然发展的历史进程。——尤里·加加林 3．Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand.—Neil Armstrong 神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 4．Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.Be curious.—Stephen Hawking 记住要仰望星空，而不是低头看脚下。尝试去理解你所看到的事物，并思考宇宙何以存在。保持好奇心。——斯蒂芬·霍金 二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“黄金屋” 课文1　The Call of the Challenger (“挑战者”号的呼唤) 1　， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, ， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was, and of the many things . With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”， had now been achieved. , all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. [课文对译]　 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 [难句破解]　 句①　ever since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来”。 句②　此处为独立主格结构。 句③　that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ... things。 句④　what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。 句⑤　此处为过去分词短语作状语，其中又包括that引导的定语从句。 2　Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public，as innovations succeeded each other.By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion, and millions of people tuned in to witness the take­off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She planned to give two 15­minute lessons from orbit: the first to demonstrate the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives of the ⑦ Challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. [课文对译]　 登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课，每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 [难句破解]　 句⑥　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词rockets。 句⑦　此处为“the＋序数词＋to do sth.”结构，动词不定式(短语)作定语。 句⑧　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。 3　Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed.The world went into shock, aeroplane. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts. [课文对译]　 令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败，这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 [难句破解]　 句⑨　此处整体为独立主格结构，其中含有that引导的宾语从句。 4　“I can remember that day so clearly, ，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world . Then, little more than a minute after take­off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, . The Challenger had exploded in mid­air and we all started screaming.” [课文对译]　 一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。” [难句破解]　 句⑩　此处为现在分词短语作状语。 句⑪　此处as引导时间状语从句。 句⑫　此处为过去分词短语作状语。 5　Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. [课文对译]　 “挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现”号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。 [难句破解]　 句⑬　此处there was never any doubt that ...＝there was no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。 6　It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration，such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. ⑭ [课文对译]　 “挑战者”号失事至今已有30多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 [难句破解]　 句⑭　此处为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随，其中又含有that引导的宾语从句。 课文2　EYES UPON THE NIGHT (眺望夜空的眼睛) 1　 For example, the mysterious large­eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand . people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. [课文对译]　 从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。 [难句破解]　 句①　现在完成时与since＋时间(起点)连用，意为“自从……以来”。 句②　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the mysterious ... Kingdom。 句③　what引导宾语从句。 句④　现在分词短语的否定式作状语。 2　Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling ⑤ us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, . Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean. ⑦ [课文对译]　 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。 [难句破解]　 句⑤　现在分词短语increasing ... and enabling ...作状语，其中含有that引导的宾语从句。 句⑥　此处为独立主格结构。 句⑦　现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词islands。 3　Almost 400 years after the first Earth­based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe . Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas , to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact [课文对译]　 第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。 [难句破解]　 句⑧　现在分词短语作状语。 句⑨　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词images。 句⑩　where引导定语从句，修饰先行词enormous clouds of gas。 句⑪　that引导同位语从句。 4　 , many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.Currently, China operates the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in . The 500­metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe. [课文对译]　 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST 望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探寻暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。 [难句破解]　 句⑫　动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。 句⑬　过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语the FAST telescope。 句⑭　“the ＋名词＋to do sth.”结构，其中动词不定式作后置定语。 5　The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. , we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery. [课文对译]　哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 [难句破解]　句⑮　现在分词短语作状语。 句⑯　此处so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。 三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢 1．become accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 2．notion n．　　　　　　 　 概念；观点；看法 3．hazardous adj.　　　　　 危险的，不安全的 拓展|hazard n. 危险，冒险的事 4．unexceptional adj. 平常的 拓展 5．shuttle n. 航天飞机 6．excursion n． (有特定目的的)短途出行 7．rekindle v. 重新激起，重新唤起 8．tragically adv. 悲惨地，不幸地 拓展 9．instantaneously adv. 瞬间地 拓展|instantaneous adj. 瞬间的 10．shadow n. 坏影响，阴影 搭配|cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影 11．scream v. 尖声大叫 n. 尖叫 搭配|let out a scream 尖叫 12．suspend v. 暂停，中止；暂令停职(或停学等) 拓展|suspension n. 延期 13．crew n. (飞机上的)全体机组人员 14．simulated adj. 模仿的，模拟的，仿真的 拓展 15．lifelike adj. (图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 16．submit v. 提交 拓展|submission n. 提交 17．awesome adj. 很好的，了不起的 同义|wonderful 18．telescope n. 望远镜 19．the naked eye 肉眼 20．angle v. 斜置 21．galaxy n. 星系 22．cosmic adj. 宇宙的 23．conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想象地 拓展|conceivable adj. 可以相信的；可想象的 24．subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 25．particle n. 粒子 26．invisible adj. 看不见的 拓展 27．straightforward adj.　　 　 简单的 拓展|straightforwardly adv. 正直地；直接地 28．self­discipline n. 自我约束，自律 29．fetch v. (去)拿来 30．muscle n. 肌肉 31．pepper n. 胡椒粉 32．sneeze v. 打喷嚏 33．disc n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘 四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用 (一)单元写作任务范文背诵 写作话题　中国航天成就展 假定你是高三学生李华，今天你校组织高三学生参观了市博物馆举办的“中国航天成就展”。请你用英语写一篇博文，分享此次活动。内容包括： 1．参加人员；　2.活动内容(聆听讲座、观看视频、体验太空漫步等)；　3.个人感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80 左右；　2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。　　 [推荐范文] Today's trip to the city museum is really a memorable experience and this will be kept in my mind forever. All Senior 3 students in our school visited a themed exhibition — Achievements Expo of China Aerospace. Firstly, we attended informative lectures and watched extremely exciting videos about launching rockets, which allowed us to get deeper insights into the development of China Aerospace. Then came the highlight. We experienced thrilling and funny spacewalks in almost zero gravity. Amazed by the outstanding achievements and touched by the spirit of China Aerospace experts, I'll devote myself to study so that I can make contributions to our country like them one day. (二)单元主题优美语段背诵 语段　星空描写 At the midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind — only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars, I thought about how far we had already travelled. 午夜时分，天空变得更加晴朗，星星变得更加明亮。周围如此安静，几乎没有风——只有篝火的火焰与我们作伴。 我躺在星空下，想着我们已经走了多远。 五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知 时尚悦读　空间站的生活 Living in space is every would­be astronaut's dream.My six­month stay on a space station has come to an end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.I bet you'd love to know life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth — the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange! The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep.Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.After about eight hours of sleep, we start our day of work. The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.Our main mission is to conduct scientific research.We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants.Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station! In a low­gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope.As well as doing these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields.I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth.Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection.With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning. The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station.In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk.First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible below.Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.It's probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks.That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space.Most food is dried or freeze­dried.It's a luxury to eat fresh food, because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months.Salt and pepper are only in liquid form, so that they will not float away and block the air pipes.However, liquids can't be easily controlled in space.We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.Furthermore, to keep our body healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills. Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health.Did you know that in just five months, astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass? Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.Exercise in space is not your average workout.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around. During our leisure time, to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home.As the space station travels at a speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes.In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it. [难句破解]　 句①　what和how均引导宾语从句，作know的宾语；此外，how it differs from that中的“that”指代上文提到的“daily life”。 句②　we like more than ...是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词nothing；本句中否定词nothing与比较级more than连用，表示最高级含义。 [助读译文] 在太空生活是每个想成为宇航员的人的梦想。我在空间站的六个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但奇妙的冒险。我敢保证你很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么样子，以及它与地球上的生活有什么不同——低重力肯定会使平常的事情变得不同寻常！ 从睡觉的那刻起，我们就能明显感受到在太空生活的奇妙。由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。我们通常睡在独立的睡眠区，它们更像是大的橱柜，或者睡在固定在墙上或者天花板上的睡袋里。尝试背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。在约八小时的睡眠后，我们开始了一天的工作。 日常工作占用了一天里大部分时间，要求很高，但它们也会非常有意义。我们的主要任务是进行科学研究。我们需要评估低重力对动植物的影响。诸如老鼠、鱼、蚊子等生物也被送到了空间站！在低重力环境下，我们可以通过显微镜更多地了解细胞和微生物的变化。除了做这些生物实验，我们还开展其他研究领域的实验。我一直在做一个实验，可以定位并追踪地球上大片区域的闪电。希望这个实验能使人们进一步了解地球气候，并更好地做好雷电防护。空间站里发生那么多事情，需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查空间站的支撑系统，并做一些清洁工作。 当我们需要在空间站外面执行任务时，例如测试新设备、监测科学实验或修理空间站，就会产生最具挑战性的工作。在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。首先，我们穿上太空服，它们可以让我们在太空中呼吸，保护我们免受寒冷和辐射的伤害。然后我们走出空间站，有时执行任务要连续好几个小时，向下可以看到美丽的地球。尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。这可能是最危险的工作，因为有电击之类的潜在风险。这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。 考虑到低重力环境，太空中的饮食也大不相同。大多数食物都是脱水或冻干的。吃到新鲜的食物是一种奢侈，因为水果和蔬菜等新鲜农产品只能每隔几个月从地球运到空间站。盐和胡椒粉仅以液体的形式存在，这样它们就不会飘来飘去，堵塞通气管。但是，液体在太空中不容易控制。我们必须用一根塑料细管喝袋中的水或其他液体。此外，为了保持身体健康，我们必须吃药来保证营养的均衡补给。 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康是至关重要的。你知道仅仅在五个月里宇航员就可能失去相当多的肌肉量和骨量吗？鉴于低重力对人体的这些负面影响，我们严格要求自己每天至少运动两个小时。在太空中锻炼可不是普通的锻炼。我们必须被绑在专门设计的运动器材上，以防止自己四处漂浮。 在闲暇时间，我们最喜欢做的事就是和其他工作人员一起舒服地坐下来，看着我们非凡的地球经过，拍下照片给地球上的家人和朋友看。空间站以每小时约17 500英里的速度飞行，所以我们每隔90分钟就能看到日出。在这些珍贵的时刻，太空生活的所有挑战似乎都是值得的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $