Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式复习，通过“语境中体悟”段落感知用法，系统梳理不定式作主语、表语等六大语法功能及时态语态、主动表被动规则，搭配对点练与语段应用，构建“感知-理解-应用”学习支架。 资料以生活主题语境（如面对困难）提升语言运用能力，融入高考真题培养思维品质，设“名师在线”模块辅助课后查漏补缺。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可通过分层练习巩固语法知识，实现语言能力与学习能力的协同发展。

Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language 语法项目——复习动词不定式 名师在线 (课堂没学会，课下上线再学习) To be kind to difficulty① is to be cruel to yourself ②.I don't remember who said that.When we are faced with difficulties, our main task is to find out the root of the problem③， and then figure out how to solve the problem.It is not advisable to be afraid of difficulties④in the face of them.A variety of approaches can help you to move⑤on.One way is to find someone⑥to talk to⑦.Secondly, a better way is to look for experienced people⑧to share your inner thoughts⑨with.In addition, the most effective and direct way is to take immediate action⑩.Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and move forward., [语法入门] ①④不定式短语作主语； ②③⑥⑧⑩不定式短语作表语； ⑤不定式短语作宾语补足语； ⑦不定式短语作定语； ⑨不定式短语作状语。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 项目 主动 被动 意义 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing 无 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生 ①I noticed him go out. 我看见他出去了。(notice与go out同时发生) ②He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. 他犹豫了一下，然后说他决定不去跑步了。(run的动作在decide后发生) ③The programme, the topic of which will be environmental protection in our daily life, is scheduled to be held next Friday. 这个节目的主题是我们日常生活中的环境保护，节目定于下周五举行。(hold的动作发生在is scheduled之后) ④I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time. 我很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be sorry前) [对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one－time event dressing. ②(2024·浙江1月高考)As I rushed outdoors to empty (empty) the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. ③(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. ④The engine just won't start.Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. ⑤He is thought to be hiding (hide) in the woods now. ⑥Tom pretended not to have heard (hear) about the news, but in fact he knew it very well last week. 二、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1．动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系时。 We have masses of work to do today.Hurry up! 今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！ 2．在“be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。 The water is not fit to drink, so hold out until we get to a shop. 这水不能喝。因此坚持一下，直到我们找到商店。 3．动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。 I'm trying to get her a good gift, but I don't know what to choose. 我想送她一件好礼物，但不知道选什么好。 4．在be to blame, be to let, be to seek 中，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident. 对于这次自行车事故，我觉得我应该受到责备。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。 ②The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年将要完工的机场将会帮助促进这一地区的旅游业发展。 ③The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。 ④She teaches us not only how to gain knowledge but also how to behave well. 她不仅教给我们如何获得知识，而且教我们如何行为得体。 三、动词不定式的语法功能 1．作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式后置。 (2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的性格、品质，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish, generous等，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 It's a great pleasure to talk with you. 和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。 It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It is important for us to live a low－carbon life. 过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 2．作宾语 常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide 不要假装在选择：pretend, choose “动词＋it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式”结构 it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。常用于该结构的动词有feel, find, think, believe, consider, make等 I promise to keep you company on weekends. 我保证周末陪你。 They demanded to know the truth. 他们要求知道真相。 Tina has decided to go to Rome for her holidays. 蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。 We think it possible to finish the task ahead of time. 我们认为提前完成任务是有可能的。 3．作表语 动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主要是be动词(am, is, are, was, were等)和表象系动词(seem, appear等)；主语常常是dream, wish, idea, plan, task, purpose, aim, duty, job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。 His dream is to become an astronaut. 他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。 My main task is to get this company running smoothly. 我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。 She seems to get along well with her new classmates. 她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。 4．作定语 动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。 She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系) 她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。 Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系) 你有一封信要写吗？ Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系) 你有用英语读写的能力吗？ 5．作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。 She was surprised to see George walk in. 看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。 (2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam, he worked hard. 为了通过考试，他努力学习。 6．作补语 (1)ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 她耐心地向学生们解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都要遵循这些规则。 He depends on you to help him with his English. 他指望你帮助他学英语。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let, have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态) 没人看见他进来。 The thief was observed to enter the shop.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了那家商店。 (3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语： sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth. The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说，这部小说被译成多种语言了。 The accident is reported to have killed two people. 据报道，那起事故中有两人丧生。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)We hope to present (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. ③(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. ④(2024·浙江1月高考)It is so easy to let (let) an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. ⑤He hurried to the station, only to be told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out. ⑥We found it difficult to finish (finish) the work on time. 用所给词的适当形式完成下面语段 ①To get (get) to school on time, I got up early in the morning.Unfortunately, on the way to school, I was held up in a traffic jam.With a car accident ②occurring (occur) in front of us, the congestion became increasingly serious and my taxi had great difficulty ③moving (move) ahead.④To save (save) time, we had no choice but ⑤to change (change) our route.Thanks to my taxi driver's excellent ⑥driving (drive) skills, we managed ⑦to choose (choose) a new route and avoided ⑧being trapped (trap) in the traffic jam.Eventually, to my relief, I succeeded in ⑨arriving (arrive) at school on time.When I talked with my classmates about my experience on my way to school, they reminded me not ⑩to take (take) a taxi, but to ride a bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $