Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦直接引语与间接引语转换核心知识点，通过环保主题语篇导入，系统梳理人称“三原则”、时态变化、指示代词/时间/地点状语调整、连接词选择及特殊句式（祈使句、疑问句、感叹句）转换规则，构建“情境感知—规则解析—练习巩固”的学习支架。 该资料以真实环保场景语篇激活语言运用情境，提升语言能力。分类讲解规则（如人称“三原则”、时态变化表）培养思维品质，“对点练”与综合练习助力学习能力提升。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生自主巩固，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language 语法项目——直接引语和间接引语 　　①“Time to clean up the park,” the team leader said. ②As they gathered at the entrance, he added, “We’ll be divided into groups and pick up trash in different areas.” Lily joined a group and started collecting plastic bottles and wrappers. She frowned at the amount of waste scattered on the grass. The leader asked them to separate recyclables from non⁃recyclables. Then they began sorting the collected trash into different bins. ③“Let’s show others how important it is to keep our environment clean,” he said, encouraging everyone to work faster. Lily worked steadily, feeling a sense of pride. ④When they finished, the leader told them that their small efforts today could make a big difference for the planet. Though tired, Lily knew they had made the park a cleaner place. 　　[语法入门]　①句为直接引语;②句为直接引语;③句为直接引语;④句为间接引语。 　　在转述别人说的话时,一般有两种方式:一是直接引述别人的原话,行文中需要将转述内容放在引号中,这叫直接引语;二是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来,这叫间接引语。 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句;直接引语变间接引语时,人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、标点符号、大小写、语序等都要作相应变化。 一、直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)人称的变化 1.“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said,“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说:“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中的主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2.“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave?” 她的同事对她说:“你向谁请了假?”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3.“第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时,如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said,“Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说:“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语中的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中的人称不变) 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” →He said that he was proud of his motherland.  ②“You are wasting your time day⁃dreaming!” he said to Mary. →He told Mary that she was wasting her time day⁃dreaming.  ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. →Murphy said that she did so because she liked to make coffee for the students, and that she knew they needed it in the morning.  (二)时态的变化 　　直接引语变间接引语时,如果主句为过去时态,间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表(以do为例): 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时(do/does) 一般过去时(did) 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 过去进行时(was/were doing) 现在完成时(has/have done) 过去完成时(had done) 一般过去时(did) 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成时(had done) 一般将来时(will do) 过去将来时(would do) His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说:“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他他们正计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) [名师点津] 　　直接引语变间接引语,时态无变化的情况: 1.直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言; 2.直接引语中有具体的表示过去的时间状语,如某年、某月、某日。 Our teacher said to us yesterday,“Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变) 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. →As we parted, he said that he would miss those old boats.   ②“You have already done your duty,” he said to her. →He told her that she had already done her duty.  ③He said, “I am living with my elder brother.” →He said that he was living with his elder brother.  ④“Light travels much faster than sound,” he said. →He said that light travels much faster than sound. ⑤My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.” →My friend Linda told me that she had seen the film three days before.  (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间 状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning 今天上午 that morning 那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day 第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before 前一天 last night昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前 three days ago 三天前 three days before 三天前 next week下一周 the next/following week 第二周 ago (至今)以前 before (那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 She asked, “Is this book his?” 她问:“这本书是他的吗?”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “I’ll be very busy today,” said the man. 那个人说:“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①They said, “We arrived this morning.” →They said that they had arrived that morning.   ②John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.” →John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before.  ③He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.” →He said that it was ten o’clock then. ④She said, “I’ll do it tonight.” →She said that she would do it that night.  ⑤He said, “I brought it home with me.” →He said that he had taken it home with him. (四)连接词的选择 1.直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中,that可以省略。 ①He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 名师点津:直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。 ②She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.” →She told me (that) she had come back an hour before. 2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用whether (... or ...或... or not)或if引导。 He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What’s your name?” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was. 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.  ②I walked over and asked him, “Why aren’t you with the other children?” →I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.  ③I just kept nodding when he asked me, “ Is it OK to do it this way?” →I just kept nodding when he asked me whether/if it was OK to do it that way.  ④“What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. →Dad asked what they should do to cheer Poppy up.   二、特殊句式直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)祈使句变间接引语 　　如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句,变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式,并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask, tell, order, advise, beg, warn, remind, invite, request, command, encourage等动词。 1.表示命令的祈使句 引述表示命令的祈使句,变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.的形式。 ①“Finish the task in ten minutes.” the manager said to the clerk. →The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes. ②“Keep silent!” said the chairman. →The chairman ordered everyone to keep silent. 2.表示建议等的祈使句 当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句时,多用suggest+doing/that从句(suggest后接that从句时,从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略),及ask/advise/want/beg+sb.+to do等结构。 ①Mary said,“Let’s go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” →Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon. →Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon. ②“Please have a rest.” she said to us. →She asked us to have a rest. 3.表示警告或提醒的祈使句 引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。 ①“Take an umbrella in case of rain.” his mother said to him. →His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain. ②The leader said to the workers,“Don’t speak while you are working.” →The leader warned the workers not to speak while they were working. [名师点津] 　　(1)无论是否定祈使句,还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句,在变为间接引语时,要用不定式的否定形式:not/never to do sth. (2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时,一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。 She said, “Don’t make so much noise, children!” →She told the children not to make so much noise. 　　[对点练]　 (将下列句子改为间接引语) ①The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away.  ②“Do some shopping for me, please,” he said to her. →He asked her to do some shopping for him.  ③Jack said, “Let’s go to the cinema tonight.” →Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night.  →Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night. ④“Don’t forget to take your book with you.” said she. →She reminded me not to forget to take my book with me.  ⑤“Don’t break the rules.” said the headmaster. →The headmaster warned us not to break the rules.  (二)表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 　　若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would ... please?”类型的一般疑问句时,变间接引语时常用“ask sb. to do sth.”结构,且please要去掉。 ①“Would you buy some bread for me?” he said to her. →He asked her to buy some bread for him. ②“Would you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said. →Father asked the children to sleep and get up early. 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“Can you lend me two yuan?” he asked me. →He asked me to lend him two yuan.  ②Mike asked, “Can you tell me the way to the post office, Bob?” →Mike asked Bob to tell him the way to the post office.  ③Jack said to me, “Will you please do it for me?” →Jack asked me to do it for him.  (三)感叹句变间接引语 　　直接引语为感叹句时,间接引语可用what或how引导,也可以用that引导。 “What a beautiful dress it is!” the girl said to her friend. →The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was. →The girl told her friend that it was a beautiful dress. 　　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①He said, “What a beautiful view it is!” →He said what a beautiful view it was.  →He said that it was a beautiful view.  ②“How interesting a story it is!” she said. →She said how interesting a story it was.  →She said that it was an interesting story.  Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Her manager asked her why she had refused (refuse) to go there.  2.Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room. 3.The teacher asked the students not to look (look) out of the windows in class.  4.The geography teacher told us that the sun rises (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 5.Mr Wang told the children that he would leave (leave) for Shanghai on business the next month.  Ⅱ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1.He asked her, “Where are you going?” →He asked her where she was going.  2.“A friend in need is a friend indeed,” Mother said to me. →Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.  3.“You must finish it today,” the boss said to his secretary. →The boss told his secretary that she/he had to finish it that day.  4.“How long have you worked in the company?” he asked me. →He asked me how long I had worked in the company.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $