考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题（期中专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1：1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.D Passage 2：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B Passage 3：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1：1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.C Passage 2：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.C Passage 3：1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.C 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D Passage 2：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.B Passage 3：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.D 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.A Passage 2：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B Passage 3：1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.D 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.C Passage 2：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.A Passage 3：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 话题6 人与自然 Passage 1：1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.A Passage 2：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B Passage 3：1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of 1 or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) 2 — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 3 yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt, a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills 4 . Journalists regularly drop into 5 subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his 6 attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of 7 myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like 8 what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that 9 as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever 10 and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are 11 forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a 12 . (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to 13 your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so 14 ? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about 15 the ongoing process itself. 1．A．dissatisfaction B．incomprehension C．uncertainty D．distrust 2．A．routine B．exception C．reminder D．obstacle 3．A．completed B．abandoned C．fixed D．ruined 4．A．carefully B．fast C．seldom D．frequently 5．A．popular B．unfamiliar C．contemporary D．established 6．A．durable B．focused C．limited D．deliberate 7．A．reinventing B．declaring C．justifying D．marketing 8．A．wondering B．ignoring C．recognizing D．describing 9．A．curiosity B．pleasure C．anxiety D．reluctance 10．A．satisfied needs B．hidden talents C．trained skills D．buried memories 11．A．less happy B．more entertaining C．less intense D．more visible 12．A．fear B．relief C．burden D．challenge 13．A．observe B．transform C．predict D．control 14．A．confusing B．discouraging C．engaging D．demanding 15．A．redefining B．completing C．reversing D．embracing Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期中）Turkey is not my thing, but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes. I start 1 these potatoes, my annual time-release capsule of pure joy in early November. I’m pretty sure I’ve had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid, and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms. How and why is it that certain foods give us so much 2 ? And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting? Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel, but certain foods are especially 3 satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content. Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we’re with while we 4 them. Past and present 5 shape the foods we find comforting. Often, we love food because we have 6 memories associated with it. My mom’s mashed potatoes (土豆泥) remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our 7 love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better. The smell of food can 8 powerful memories, too. The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala, a brain region that processes emotions, and the hippocampus, which handles memory. And our memory for smells is 9 and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood. That’s why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother. These 10 can go the other way, too. Sometimes you might feel 11 when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also 12 foods that we associate with bad experiences. In addition to past memories, the 13 in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment, and our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be 14 by a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together. I 15 my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children, the three people I love most in the world. 1．A．cutting down on B．looking forward to C．making for D．putting away 2．A．protein B．pleasure C．space D．transition 3．A．emotionally B．financially C．physically D．visually 4．A．order B．memorize C．enjoy D．rate 5．A．recipes B．charge C．setback D．company 6．A．cultural B．fond C．photographic D．awkward 7．A．collective B．creative C．lost D．parental 8．A．awake B．correct C．preserve D．possess 9．A．bitter-sweet B．fresh C．long-lasting D．selective 10．A．associations B．experiences C．foods D．routines 11．A．curious B．amazed C．disappointed D．sad 12．A．avoid B．consume C．store D．request 13．A．area B．symptom C．context D．emotion 14．A．enhanced B．confirmed C．reflected D．weakened 15．A．maintained B．appreciated C．copied D．digested Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·月考）Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That 1 in large measure on who you are. If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history, 2 , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for 3 critical thinking and problem-solving skills. If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you. If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous 4 . In offices where secretaries have not already been eliminated, the 5 role of a clerk is now unrecognizable. Most bosses 6 their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are 7 taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems. Those willing to expand their 8 should do well. If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (执法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach 9 standards for female applicants. Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are 10 even to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago. Degrees in sports management are also 11 . Two hundred U. S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1995 now 12 undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs. At some school you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree. 13 , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart. MBA recruitment (招聘) is way up, and salaries are 14 . But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for. A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent 15 the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.” 1．A．concentrates B．depends C．takes D．passes 2．A．by comparison B．as a result C．for instance D．in return 3．A．developing B．discouraging C．confirming D．appreciating 4．A．troubles B．pains C．tests D．changes 5．A．active B．small C．useful D．traditional 6．A．await B．handle C．transfer D．classify 7．A．increasingly B．unwillingly C．diligently D．intentionally 8．A．horizons B．activities C．organizations D．operations 9．A．medium B．high C．fair D．legal 10．A．keen B．resolved C．reluctant D．qualified 11．A．on display B．at an end C．at rest D．on the rise 12．A．cancel B．offer C．register D．drop 13．A．Contrarily B．Consequently C．Finally D．Strictly 14．A．competitive B．moderate C．fixed D．regular 15．A．give out B．agree with C．wonder about D．focus on 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）People often expect someone with a severe disability to be inactive, maybe even angry and withdrawn. I like to surprise them by showing that I lead a very adventurous and fulfilling existence. Despite my physical limitations, I'm living as though I have no 1 . I often ask myself the very question: “Nick, how can you be so happy?” Here is my answer: I found happiness when I realized that as 2 as I may be, I am the perfect Nick Vujicic. I do believe my life can be like anyone else's. I'm 3 disabled, but I'm truly enabled because of my lack of limbs (四肢). My unique challenges have opened up unique opportunities to 4 so many in need. Just imagine what is possible for you! Too often we tell ourselves we aren't smart enough or attractive enough or talented enough to pursue our dreams. We buy into what others say about us, or we 5 ourselves. I have a choice. You have a choice. We can choose to be stuck in 6 and shortcomings and choose to be bitter, angry, or sad. Or when faced with hard times and hurtful people, we can choose to learn from the experience and move forward, 7 our own happiness. You are beautiful and precious 8 , worth more than all the diamonds in the world. You and I are perfectly suited to be who we were meant to be! Anyway, it should always be our goal to become an even better person and 9 boundaries by dreaming big. Adjustments are 10 along the way because life isn't always nice, but it is always worth living. I can't put a hand on your shoulder to reassure you, but I can speak from the heart. However desperate your life may seem, there is hope. As 11 as circumstances appear, there are better days ahead. No matter how terrible your circumstances may appear, you can rise above them. Only wish for change will change nothing. To make the decision to 12 right now will change everything. Just by looking at me, people know that I faced and overcame many obstacles and hardships. That makes them willing to listen to me as a 13 of inspiration. They allow me to share my faith, to tell them they are loved, and to give them hope. That is my contribution. It's important to recognize your own 14 . Know that you also have something to contribute. If you feel frustrated right now, that's okay. Your sense of frustration means you 15 more for your life than you have right now. That's all good. Often, it's the challenges in life that show us who we are truly meant to be. 1．A．installations B．conditions C．abilities D．limits 2．A．imperfect B．curious C．energetic D．attractive 3．A．partially B．developmentally C．officially D．temporarily 4．A．reflect B．reach C．recognize D．acknowledge 5．A．let go of B．place emphasis on C．put restrictions on D．pay attention to 6．A．disappointments B．highlights C．realities D．creations 7．A．being ignorant of B．showing respect for C．being curious about D．taking responsibility for 8．A．for your own purpose B．in your own right C．at your own risk D．with your own efforts 9．A．stretch B．form C．share D．fix 10．A．avoidable B．original C．specific D．necessary 11．A．special B．bad C．certain D．ordinary 12．A．take action B．seek purposes C．find values D．make rules 13．A．way B．signal C．source D．kind 14．A．disadvantage B．shortcoming C．status D．value 15．A．possess B．belong C．deserve D．appreciate Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 1 his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 2 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 3 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 4 limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 5 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 6 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 7 like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of 8 ) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 9 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 10 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 11 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use 12 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences 13 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 14 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s 15 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 1．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject 2．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes 3．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on 4．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature 5．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence 6．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens 7．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor 8．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation 9．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse 10．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly 11．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university 12．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections 13．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back 14．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging 15．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolution Passage 3 （22-23高一下·上海·期中）Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often 1 the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors (前任者). 2 such greats as Darwin and Einstein—whose remarkable contributions are duly celebrated — we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left. This evolutionary view of human innovation weakens the idea of 3 genius and recognizes the accumulative nature of scientific progress. Consider one 4 scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space. By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-elements’ atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table. These successes are all the more noteworthy given the fact that Nicholson was 5 about the presence of proto-elements: they do not actually exist. Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild guesses, Nicholson also 6 a new theory about the structure of atoms. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, 7 this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom. What are we to make of this story? We propose that science is constantly 8 , much as species of animals do. In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics that 9 random genetic mutations (变异). In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for 10 in science. 11 mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce. 12 for this evolutionary view of behavioral innovation comes from many domains. Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing. The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope. Had he 13 the speed advantage that would be provided by riding acey-deucy? No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. His 14 just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance. Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity — a happy 15 . The time seems right for abandoning the naive notions of intelligent design and genius, and for scientifically exploring the true origins of creative behavior. 1．A．overlooks B．enriches C．questions D．reflects 2．A．Aiming at B．Longing for C．Holding back D．Setting aside 3．A．native B．creative C．subjective D．sensitive 4．A．stressed B．unrecognized C．celebrated D．respected 5．A．suspicious B．concerned C．wrong D．guilty 6．A．tested B．rejected C．accepted D．proposed 7．A．got rid of B．made room for C．jumped off from D．put up with 8．A．struggling B．reversing C．evolving D．shrinking 9．A．result from B．contribute to C．depart from D．relate to 10．A．priorities B．trials C．advances D．obstacles 11．A．If B．Until C．While D．Unless 12．A．Responsibility B．Prejudice C．Dislike D．Support 13．A．doubted B．neglected C．foreseen D．exceeded 14．A．motivation B．modification C．dedication D．publication 15．A．occasion B．life C．accident D．ending 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）In a Different League Walk into any room in India with a screen from now until the end of May and you will find yourself watching the Indian Premier League (IPL), a wildly popular cricket tournament that is by some measures the world’s most profitable sports league after America’s National Football League. It is obvious that Indians are 1 about cricket. Yet the success of IPL has had the unlikely effect of driving a booming of domestic leagues in other sports, too. Over the past decade leagues modelled on IPL have 2 in hockey, tennis, badminton, football and handball, along with native games such as kho kho and kabaddi. Some, notably kabaddi, have even been commercially successful. A cricket-mad country is 3 . Cricket took 87% of what was spent on sports advertising and sponsorship last year. But that was down from 88% in 2021. “The pie for non-cricket sport is going to 4 ,” says Divyanshu Singh of JSW Sports. As in any other 5 , not all ventures will succeed. Some leagues have already 6 . 7 , leagues tend to succeed only in team sports. It is hard to build up loyalty for artificial teams in player-driven sports such as tennis and badminton. Yet the problem lies in a range of internal factors. Any new league must also be well governed and offer its backers a 8 chance of getting their investment back. That means setting sensible 9 on player salaries, keeping costs down and investing in high production standards. To attract viewers, it must offer the very best talent in that particular sport. With global sports available on television and streaming, the difference in quality between, 10 , Indian and American basketball leagues is apparent. Viewers accustomed to global sports are 11 by amateurish production. Kabaddi’s success can in part be 12 the league offering the highest quality of play available in that sport. Yet the most important factor in sustaining the sports boom is one where progress remains slow. Though Indian viewers are happy to watch sports, rates of physical activity are 13 . A recent survey found that while 57% of respondents described themselves as fans of cricket, only 31% had actually played the game in the previous year. Rates for other sports are even lower. Three-quarters of Indian adolescents are physically 14 , according to the World Health Organization. “The younger generation has never played these sports,” says Jinisha Sharma of Capri Sports. “How do you keep finding 15 talent for the future?” 1．A．concerned B．critical C．crazy D．curious 2．A．transformed B．reunited C．crashed D．emerged 3．A．bouncing B．diversifying C．globalizing D．hustling 4．A．grow B．shrink C．drop D．crack 5．A．neighborhood B．boom C．country D．industry 6．A．thrived B．bent C．collapsed D．progressed 7．A．Thus B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Consequently 8．A．remote B．fair C．slight D．minimal 9．A．targets B．goals C．caps D．floors 10．A．for example B．in short C．in general D．in addition 11．A．settled down B．cracked down on C．signed in D．turned off 12．A．overshadowed by B．surrounded with C．credited to D．confused with 13．A．steady B．impressive C．rising D．low 14．A．weak B．energetic C．inactive D．tough 15．A．fitter B．stronger C．newer D．better Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This deduction helps explain the flood of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high 1 . It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business. And it has been much in evidence before and during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Consultancies ask what CEOs can learn from the world’s best athletes. Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what 2 their excellence. Articles breathlessly assess the leadership qualities of Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant 3 in Paris. Bob Bowman, a swimming coach, wrote a book called “The Golden Rules”, based on his success in guiding Michael Phelps to greatness. There are 4 that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires intense dedication and hard work. Sporting excellence 5 on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the podium（领奖台）in Paris are competitive and resilient. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace, but so is being able to 6 yourself-a tailored outfit can be as strategic. Some things simply don’t need saying. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are the stuff of cliche, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting contests have the 7 clarity of finishing positions; most jobs 8 such simple benchmark. A four-year Olympic cycle 9 to a contest that may last only seconds has few obvious equivalents in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are 10 not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to identify such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose jobs will not depend as heavily on 11 .” The comparisons between sports and business do reveal some interesting parallels, although they are not necessarily the ones you might expect. In her book “The Long Win”, Cath Bishop, a former Olympian consultant, describes that only focusing on winning can be 12 whether you are in a singlet（运动背心） or a suit. That’s why elite athletes increasingly like to talk about trusting in the process — focusing on the performance rather than on the results. Also, 13 the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome is a(n) 14 that companies might benefit from, too. The pressure on competitive sports teams to cut corners in pursuit of success can lead to toxic cultures and outright cheating, just as it can within firms. But these 15 are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple formula for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster and jump higher than anyone else. 1．A．potential B．performance C．progress D．ability 2．A．stand for B．result from C．make up D．contribute to 3．A．attempt B．difference C．return D．decision 4．A．threads B．joints C．paths D．trends 5．A．stands B．feeds C．rests D．lies 6．A．exhibit B．dress C．refresh D．present 7．A．objective B．ultimate C．internal D．delicate 8．A．adopt B．possess C．boost D．lack 9．A．appealing B．building C．adding D．submitting 10．A．filled B．rewarded C．blessed D．associated 11．A．power B．acquisition C．strategies D．genetics 12．A．challenging B．ruinous C．essential D．inevitable 13．A．divorcing B．departing C．varying D．telling 14．A．phase B．factor C．aspect D．discipline 15．A．relationships B．similarities C．distinctions D．equivalents Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）The 16th-century dramatist Ben Johnson generously called Shakespeare a writer “not of an age, but for all time.” And so it has proven to be, for Shakespeare’s plays are still the most translated and most 1 of any playwright’s in the world. But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeare’s 2 popularity, you will get a number of different answers. Some will say that he was a great storyteller, others may suggest that the 3 lies in the beauty of his poetry. Some scholars point out  that he was born in a lively period of England’s history, a time of great national confidence and cultural activity, particularly in the theatre. 4 , they claim, he was able to produce an extraordinary volume of work. This last explanation seems a little 5 . A more interesting answer is put forward, although a little over-enthusiastically, by Harold Bloom in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human.Bloom argues that Shakespeare gave us something in his writing that the world had not seen in 6 before: characters with a strong personality. These lifelike characters gave us a real insight into the human 7 : Iago, the·trusted advisor of Othello, whose jealousy leads him to betray his honest master; Rosalind,the heroine in As You Like It, who remains true to her friends and family in spite of the danger to herself. Through the mouths of such characters, we learn truths about life that we can all 8 . These truths are made more moving and more memorable by the way in which they are 9 : briefly and poetically. Shakespeare has been dead almost 400 years, but the words and saying attributed to ( 归 功 于 ) him still 10 the English language today. So whether you are “fashionable” or“sanctimonious”, thank Shakespeare, who probably 11 the terms. In fact, it is amazing just how great Shakespeare’s influence on everyday language has been. Take, for example, these phrases from Michael Macrone’s light-hearted book Brush Up Your Shakespeare. foregone conclusion      full circle at one fell swoop wear my heart upon my sleeve seen better days a sorry sight neither here nor there the world is (my) oyster Macrone is more interested in the Shakespearean language that has survived than the reasons for its 12 . According to his research, some of these sayings are slightly different from their original meaning once taken out of the 13 of the plays in which they first appeared. For example, “the be all and end all” is used today to mean “the most important thing”, but in Macbeth,it means “the end of the matter”. Regardless of such technicalities, it is still remarkable that so many of Shakespeare’s words have survived the large 14 in language between their time and the present day. The beauty of those·words is certainly one reason, but as Johnson suggested, it is the humanity and lasting impact of their 15 that brings them to life. 1．A．selected B．performed C．exchanged D．gained 2．A．false B．curious C．individual D．lasting 3．A．magic B．intelligence C．failure D．count 4．A．In a word B．As a consequence C．By contrast D．To some degree 5．A．possible B．convincing C．unsatisfactory D．boring 6．A．human B．literature C．history D．advertisement 7．A．nature B．implication C．factor D．resources 8．A．qualify for B．judge from C．specialize in D．identify with 9．A．proved B．phrased C．believed D．threatened 10．A．influence B．fund C．represent D．involve 11．A．honored B．predicted C．coined D．chose 12．A．motivation B．significance C．extinction D．popularity 13．A．mood B．time C．context D．procedure 14．A．shifts B．balance C．livelihood D．trends 15．A．usage B．pronunciation C．originality D．meaning 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Have you ever told yourself, “Just five more minutes” before bed, only to find yourself still awake an hour later? If so, you’re not 1 . Sleep procrastination (拖延症) — delaying bedtime despite knowing the consequences — isn’t unusual. Some might 2 a lack of self-discipline. But the truth is, sleep procrastination is more complex than just poor time management. Both psychological and emotional factors make it difficult to 3 go to bed earlier. During the day, we are busy with 4 : school, homework, chores and endless tasks. By the time night rolls around, we finally feel 5 our time, so we stay up late as a form of rebellion (反抗). It’s not just bedtime procrastination; it’s revenge (报复) procrastination. Instead of resting, we seek out distractions: scrolling through social media, binge-watching or playing games. These activities might 6 stress, but here’s the kicker: Staying up late doesn’t actually make you feel better. Instead, it leaves you looking and feeling 7 , squinting (眯着眼看) at the classroom whiteboard, wondering if it’s a secret code that you’re too tired to crack. The problem is that most of these activities are designed to keep us 8 . Social media apps, video platforms and even games trigger dopamine releases, making it hard to stop. Our brains want the next small hit of pleasure five minutes after another, even though our bodies are begging for sleep. It’s an unfavorable 9 . But it’s one that we can break. We need to redefine relaxation by creating moments of pleasure during the day, so we don’t feel the need to steal “me-time” at night. We should form a 10 routine: dim the lights. 11 and wind down with a book or a calming activity. Overstimulating activities, like action movies, intense gaming or heated debates on social media right before bed, should be avoided. 12 , we ought to treat sleep like a luxury instead of just a way to 13 for the next day. Start regarding it as an all-expenses-paid vacation to Dreamland. Cozy blankets? Check. Fluffy pillows? Check. Waking up feeling like an actual human? Priceless. Revenge bedtime procrastination might seem like a small victory, but the real win is waking up feeling 14 . So tonight, when that “five more minutes” voice starts whispering, tell it: “nice try, but I choose self-care and functioning brain cells instead.” Believe me, your 15 self will thank you for it. 1．A．unique B．alone C．anxious D．guilty 2．A．name it after B．attribute it to C．blame it for D．assign it to 3．A．simply B．directly C．reluctantly D．timely 4．A．adventures B．opportunities C．responsibilities D．challenges 5．A．in place of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in control of 6．A．calm B．relieve C．ignore D．worsen 7．A．relaxed B．confused C．exhausted D．energized 8．A．bored B．attentive C．hooked D．satisfied 9．A．system B．rhythm C．cycle D．hobby 10．A．sleep-friendly B．health-focused C．time-saving D．energy-consuming 11．A．check messages B．lower volume C．avoid screens D．take notes 12．A．For example B．In addition C．In comparison D．Most importantly 13．A．recharge B．refill C．reshape D．replace 14．A．frustrated B．annoyed C．amused D．refreshed 15．A．future B．present C．past D．former Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 1 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 2 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 3 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 4 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 5 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 6 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 7 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 8 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 9 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 10 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 11 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 12 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 13 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 14 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 15 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 1．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 2．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 3．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 4．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 5．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 6．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 7．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 8．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 9．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 10．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 11．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 12．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 13．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 14．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 15．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off (解雇). Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are 1 in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off 2 are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) 3 step to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, 4 , shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how 5 can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not 6 ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid 7 sadness in their online posts. 8 , they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her being fired. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am 9 about keeping working.” Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as “ 10 ”. Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing 11 information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, 12 her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She 13 in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her 14 for job opportunities. She was 15 by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 1．A．maintained B．advocated C．expected D．disciplined 2．A．travellers B．bikers C．individuals D．employers 3．A．risky B．false C．dangerous D．effective 4．A．on the whole B．in particular C．as a result D．for example 5．A．shelters B．failures C．achievements D．promotions 6．A．directly B．gratefully C．randomly D．commonly 7．A．funding B．displaying C．overlooking D．doubting 8．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Meanwhile 9．A．flexible B．passionate C．alert D．confused 10．A．accidental B．romantic C．stressful D．amazing 11．A．classified B．statistical C．detailed D．timely 12．A．publicized B．negotiated C．battled D．caused 13．A．specialized B．believed C．engaged D．investigated 14．A．request B．priority C．signal D．praise 15．A．shut up B．logged out C．called off D．tracked down 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Unwrapping your shopping to find you have bought moldy bread, rotten fruit and sour milk could soon become a thing of the past, thanks to the range of emerging active packaging’ technologies. While traditional packaging simply 1 barrier that protects food, active packaging can do a lot more. Some materials interact with the product to 2 it in some way, or provide better information on the state it is in. 3 , they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures. One of the new breeds of packaging technologies that has just gone on the market in France is a “time temperature indicator”. Stores where the product has already been introduced report that far fewer consumers are returning 4 food. The indicator is basically a label that 5 the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long. The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle. The central ring contains a chemical which polymerizes (聚合), changing color as it does so from clear to 6 .If the package stays cool, the reaction is slow, but increasing the temperature speeds up the polymerization. When the inner circle darkens, it means the product is no longer 7 fresh. Smart packaging can also control the 8 inside a container. For instance, the make-up of oxygen and carbon dioxide within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness. This can be 9 to control in a sealed package, since vegetables consume more oxygen and give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer. A firm in California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls “Intelimer”, which changes its permeability (渗透性) as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different products at their best O2/CO2 10 . Decay can also be 11 by controlling the environment inside a package with an “oxygen scavenger (清除剂)”. 12 , this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package — any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidizes. However, consumers don’t 13 finding small bags marked “Don’t eat” in their food, so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen. The material includes an inner layer of an oxidizable polymer that 14 oxygen in the same way as iron. It is predicted that between 20 and 40 percent of all food packaging will soon be 15 . 1．A．acts as B．belongs to C．deals with D．relies on 2．A．change B．improve C．isolate D．promote 3．A．Even so B．For instance C．In consequence D．What’s more 4．A．broken B．inadequate C．spoilt D．unnecessary 5．A．forecasts B．lowers C．maintains D．tracks 6．A．neutral B．blocked C．dark D．unclear 7．A．guaranteed B．observed C．purchased D．required 8．A．atmosphere B．effectiveness C．temperature D．hygiene 9．A．possible B．hard C．quick D．convenient 10．A．components B．concentrations C．regulations D．implements 11．A．taken on B．wiped out C．turned away D．slowed down 12．A．Theoretically B．Luckily C．Surprisingly D．Currently 13．A．avoid B．mind C．like D．consider 14．A．creates B．maintains C．kills D．traps 15．A．friendly B．appealing C．active D．flexible Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海·月考）People often say that “failure is the mother of success.” This cliché (陈词滥调) might have some truth to it, but it 1 tells us how to actually turn a loss into a win, says Emmanuel Manalo, a professor of educational psychology at Kyoto University in Japan. As a result, he says, “we know we shouldn’t give up when we fail—but 2 , we do.” Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on 3 failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for 4 success. One study reported, for example, that the sooner and more often students fail at a task, such as building a robot, the sooner they can 5 and improve. Another confirmed that feedback on failures is most 6 when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions. Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not 7 a task. They asked 131 undergraduates to write an essay about their school experiences. Half of the students received 8 for structuring their writing, and half were left to their own devices. All, however, were 9 prior to finishing. Afterward the researchers found that those in the structured group were more motivated to complete their essays, compared with those who lacked guidance—even if the latter were 10 to being done. Knowing how to finish, 11 , was more important than being close to finishing. The researchers dubbed this finding “the Hemingway effect,” for the author’s self-reported 12 to stop writing only when he knew what would happen next in the story—so as to avoid writer’s block when he returned to the page. Manalo believes that learning how to fail temporarily can help people avoid becoming 13 failures at many tasks, such as completing an essay, learning a language or inventing a new technology. Demystifying failure and teaching students not to 14 it make goals more attainable, says Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and supporting inventors. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, 15 that we “should really be thinking of failure as part of a process of going forward toward success.” 1．A．undoubtedly B．vividly C．hardly D．intentionally 2．A．in reality B．by contrast C．with question D．after all 3．A．running into B．accounting for C．contributing to D．benefiting from 4．A．celebrating B．evaluating C．achieving D．predicting 5．A．move forward B．stand by C．dash backward D．run away 6．A．instant B．constructive C．informal D．sincere 7．A．assigning B．reporting C．handling D．completing 8．A．grants B．approval C．instructions D．training 9．A．stopped B．examined C．notified D．guided 10．A．subject B．closer C．devoted D．crucial 11．A．in other words B．moreover C．nevertheless D．in particular 12．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．tendency D．ability 13．A．inevitable B．perceived C．worthwhile D．permanent 14．A．comprehend B．fear C．overcome D．pursue 15．A．adds B．recalls C．doubts D．challenges Passage 3 （23-24高一下·上海嘉定·期中）The benefits of a bilingual brain Hablas espafiol?Parlez-yous francais? 你会说中文吗?If you answered, “sí,” “oui,” or “会” and you’re watching this in English, 1 are you belong to the world’s bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work 2 than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language? Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two   3 parts, listening and reading. While a(n) 4 bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilingual around the world know and use their languages in varying proportions. And   5 their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be 6 into three general types. For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she’s two-years old. As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously (同时地), with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to   7 the world around her. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while 8 to speak Spanish at home and with friends. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate (次要的) bilinguals who learn a secondary language by filtering it through their mother 9 . Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language 10 accent or pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to a casual observer. But recent   11 ·in brain imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in 12 processes. while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split. The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization (脑部的偏侧性) develops gradually with age，has led to the critical period hypothesis. According to this theory, children learn languages more easily, because the plasticity of their developing brains lets them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left. But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some 13 advantages. Some of these are even visible, such as higher density of the grey matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language. The heightened 14 a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimer’s and dementia by as much as five years. So, while bilingualism may not   15 make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language as a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, “Hello,” to, “Hola,” “Bonjour” or “你好’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way. 1．A．opportunities B．changes C．chances D．collections 2．A．deliberately B．dominantly C．differently D．dramatically 3．A．primitive B．passive C．pessimistic D．primary 4．A．balanced B．imbalanced C．biological D．well-behaved 5．A．depending on B．in favor of C．concentrating on D．thanks to 6．A．separated B．brought C．changed D．classified 7．A．process B．prohibit C．proceed D．progress 8．A．combining B．continuing C．ceasing D．committing 9．A．tune B．tone C．tongue D．toe 10．A．regardless of B．due to C．on the contrary D．otherwise 11．A．advances B．increases C．decreases D．possession 12．A．spiritual B．complicated C．logical D．creative 13．A．invisible B．remarkable C．minor D．inevitable 14．A．workout B．size C．volume D．influence 15．A．necessarily B．commonly C．barely D．differently 话题6人与自然 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Dogs Bow to Wolves as Cooperators If you need help herding some sheep or retrieving a stick, you can count on your canine companion, because dogs always seem to be keen on 1 . But only if their partner is a person. When it comes to cooperating with one another, dogs are truly 2 … and instead it’s wolves who’ve mastered the art of teamwork. That’s according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For thousands of years, humans have been breeding dogs that can do all sorts of neat tricks. And because pups aim to please, we’ve come to think that domestication has somehow 3 dogs’ powers of cooperation. But researchers in Austria have been wondering whether that notion could be barking up the wrong tree. Because left to their own devices, dogs are bigger 4 than wolves. “So wolves live in 5 family packs, they cooperate in raising the young, they also cooperate in hunting and in defending their territory. So they really have a strong 6 on cooperation in many aspects of their lives. 7 , free ranging dogs actually seek food mostly by themselves. It’s only mothers that raise their young. And they do form packs but they tend to be somewhat more 8 , if you want.” That’s Sarah Marshall-Pescini of the Wolf Science Center at the University of Vienna. She and her colleagues decided to test dogs’ and wolves’ 9 powers of cooperation. In the setup, a pair of animals… either two dogs or two wolves… is 10 with a contraption (装置) that will allow the participants to 11 a tray of food… but only if both members of the team simultaneously pull on the two ends of a rope. A dozen wolves and 14 dogs took the challenge. And the results? The wolves ran circles around their doggie descendants. In some 400 attempts, the wolf teams 12 a snack 100 times, which may not sound all that impressive until you compare it with the doggie couples, who, in nearly 500 trials, succeeded only twice. Now, it’s not that dogs are less earnest learners. Or that they turned tail and avoided the apparatus (装置). Marshall-Pescini says the pooches (杂种狗) were 13 about the device. “What seemed to be happening was that they didn’t want to get into conflict with each other. So they wouldn’t both go and try things on it but rather took it 14 . And this really set back their capacity to cooperate.” So rather than step on each other’s toes, the dogs took turns bowing out, giving their teammate a chance at the plate. That show of social grace left the poor pups with their tummies growling. And no 15 to enjoy. 1．A．lending a paw B．grabbing a bite C．making a mess D．taking a stand 2．A．lost B．skilled C．decisive D．confident 3．A．disturbed B．boosted C．preferred D．affected 4．A．remedies B．winners C．companions D．loners 5．A．closely knit B．hard won C．locally sourced D．well regulated 6．A．burden B．basis C．mark D．dependence 7．A．In contrast B．In particular C．In reality D．Strangely yet 8．A．exceptional B．hesitant C．inseparable D．loose 9．A．relevant B．related C．relative D．combined 10．A．equipped B．presented C．crowned D．lined 11．A．serve B．access C．trap D．fetch 12．A．handled B．threw C．spotted D．scored 13．A．bored B．stressful C．curious D．upset 14．A．in turns B．in balance C．at ease D．in order 15．A．treat B．delight C．pleasure D．sight Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海宝山·期中）What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favorite 1 friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels. In findings published in AERA Open—an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association — last month, scientists showed that the general 2 of students improves quickly, with even those who are highly stressed showing “significant” reduction in cortisol (皮质醇) levels — a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress. Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can 3 cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now. The research, conducted by Washington State University (WSU), shows that pets improve students’ moods, and their 4 has stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just 10 minutes can have a significant 5 ,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU’s Department of Human Development. This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a 6 intervention (介入). The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different 7 to animals. The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats. The second group waited in line while 8 others petting the animals. The third group watched a slide-show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to 9 and was told they would be allowed to see the animals after 10 minutes. Salivary (唾液的) cortisol 10 were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning. There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had 11 interaction with the pets. Many universities have started these 12 where students can interact with cats or dogs to help 13 the pressures of higher education. “We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more 14 emotions,” Dr Pendry said. “What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less subjective way. And it did, which is 15 because the reduction of stress chemicals may, over time, have significant benefits for physical and mental health.” 1．A．furry B．new C．close D．personal 2．A．endurance B．awareness C．health D．education 3．A．glance at B．interact with C．focus on D．escape from 4．A．perseverance B．performance C．intelligence D．presence 5．A．potential B．impact C．chance D．problem 6．A．real-life B．part-time C．first-rate D．high-quality 7．A．contributions B．exposures C．responses D．approaches 8．A．keeping B．preventing C．catching D．observing 9．A．persist B．wait C．adjust D．appreciate 10．A．tips B．levels C．flavors D．samples 11．A．little B．precious C．direct D．informal 12．A．campaigns B．programs C．researches D．majors 13．A．improve B．relieve C．seek D．encounter 14．A．positive B．remarkable C．familiar D．complex 15．A．demanding B．exciting C．challenging D．disappointing Passage 3 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）Few people knew about online food delivery apps ten years ago, but today, many would find it hard to live without them. In China alone, over 400 million people use such apps. 1 online food delivery services have changed the way we eat, and they are also having a huge impact on our society. These services have 2 brought us many benefits. They provide jobs for millions of people and help restaurants find more customers. Since the apps are very convenient, they also benefit consumers: we can now have meals delivered at any time of a day, 3 bad weather or busy schedules. This is especially true for people who work long hours, since they might not have time to cook. Not only do these apps 4 time, they also provide us with a wide variety of restaurants to choose from. They have proved to be useful for retired people as well: 5 who live far away from restaurants and supermarkets can now get hold of meals and groceries more easily. However, we must not forget the 6 of online food delivery services. For one thing, they make it even easier to order unhealthy food, 7 in sugar, fat and salt. Food safety is another problem: it can be hard to 8 where the food actually comes from, and whether the owner is legally permitted to run a restaurant. As couriers (外卖员) need to deliver the orders as quickly as possible, some 9 traffic rules. In recent years, there have been a number of terrible traffic accidents because of this. 10 , the industry is creating unbelievable amounts of packaging waste: over a million tonnes of online food delivery boxes are thrown away every year. Experts assume that this number will continue to 11 in the future, and this will have an increasingly negative impact on the environment. There are many advantages of these services, but we need to make sure that we make the right choices 12 . We should do our best to limit waste, especially when it comes to 13 , so as to contribute to sustainable development. We also need to think about what we eat and the impact on our health. Next time you are thinking about 14 , you should ask yourself whether you really need to. In most cases, it's better to walk over to the supermarket, buy the 15 you need, and then cook them yourself. 1．A．No wonder B．Sooner or later C．More often than not D．For better or for worse 2．A．in part B．by far C．no doubt D．as well 3．A．without B．considering C．despite D．including 4．A．consume B．save C．take D．waste 5．A．minors B．majors C．seniors D．inferiors 6．A．strengths B．drawbacks C．significance D．feedbacks 7．A．high B．full C．low D．sufficient 8．A．identify B．modify C．establish D．maintain 9．A．give way to B．set foot in C．have no access to D．pay little regard to 10．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Comparatively 11．A．drop B．shrink C．balloon D．double 12．A．in the long run B．on a large scale C．for our reference D．at our convenience 13．A．eating B．pollution C．transportation D．packaging 14．A．online shopping B．ordering in C．garbage recycling D．taking away food 15．A．ingredients B．sauces C．vegetables D．groceries / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题02 完形填空6大常考话题 话题1 生活与学习 话题4 历史、社会与文化 话题2 做人与做事 话题5 科学与技术 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 话题6 人与自然 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 话题1 生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of 1 or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) 2 — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 3 yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt, a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills 4 . Journalists regularly drop into 5 subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his 6 attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of 7 myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like 8 what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that 9 as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever 10 and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are 11 forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a 12 . (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to 13 your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so 14 ? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about 15 the ongoing process itself. 1．A．dissatisfaction B．incomprehension C．uncertainty D．distrust 2．A．routine B．exception C．reminder D．obstacle 3．A．completed B．abandoned C．fixed D．ruined 4．A．carefully B．fast C．seldom D．frequently 5．A．popular B．unfamiliar C．contemporary D．established 6．A．durable B．focused C．limited D．deliberate 7．A．reinventing B．declaring C．justifying D．marketing 8．A．wondering B．ignoring C．recognizing D．describing 9．A．curiosity B．pleasure C．anxiety D．reluctance 10．A．satisfied needs B．hidden talents C．trained skills D．buried memories 11．A．less happy B．more entertaining C．less intense D．more visible 12．A．fear B．relief C．burden D．challenge 13．A．observe B．transform C．predict D．control 14．A．confusing B．discouraging C．engaging D．demanding 15．A．redefining B．completing C．reversing D．embracing 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章围绕中年人对学习新技能的心态展开，探讨了因害怕表现不佳、缺乏年轻时的精力而不愿重新开始的矛盾，同时肯定了终身学习在过程中带来的成长价值。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐在教室里，周围笼罩着一圈圈困惑的云雾，或者一堂又一堂地真诚尝试学习一项显然不会在我生命中起重要作用的技能，这已经是几十年前的事了。A. dissatisfaction不满；B. incomprehension困惑；C. uncertainty不确定；D. distrust不信任。根据上文“absolute beginner”以及语境可知，这里指作者作为初学者在课堂上常因不懂而困惑。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三十出头学骑自行车是个例外 —— 当我丈夫不得不像你陪孩子一样在自行车旁跑时，有点尴尬，但最终很有收获。A. routine惯例；B. exception例外；C. reminder提醒；D. obstacle障碍。结合下文“I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 　3　 yet another paper crane.”以及语境可知，作者中年学习很少掌握一些知识，而学骑车是中年时少有的成功尝试，属于例外。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他们安静的困惑，因为我笨拙的手指又毁了一只纸鹤。A. completed完成；B. abandoned放弃；C. fixed修理；D. ruined毁坏。根据上文“clumsy fingers”及“quiet puzzlement”可知，这里指作者的笨拙导致纸鹤被毁坏，让孩子们很困惑。故选D项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一直在了解新的事实，但很少学习新技能。A. carefully仔细地；B. fast快速地；C. seldom很少；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“I learn new facts all the time”以及but表示转折可知，这里指作者很少学会新技能。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记者经常进入不熟悉的亚文化和专业领域，至少学到足够多的东西来提出正确的问题。A. popular流行的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. contemporary当代的；D. established资深的，知名的。根据下文“learning enough at least to ask the right questions”以及常识可知，记者的工作性质是要接触不熟悉的领域并需要不断学习。故选B项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在积极收集陈述性知识（知道是什么）和对程序性知识（知道如何做）的有限关注之间的区别，我很熟悉。A. durable持久的；B. focused专注的；C. limited有限的；D. deliberate故意的。根据上文“learning enough at least to ask questions”可知，记者对“知道如何做”的关注是有限的，所以还需要不断学习。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. reinventing重塑；B. declaring宣布；C. justifying证明；D. marketing营销。根据下文“late-blooming skier”以及语境可知，这里指作者假设对自我形象重塑。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. wondering好奇；B. ignoring忽视；C. recognizing认出；D. describing描述。根据上文“sparks only an idle interest”以及语境可知，idle interest对应“好奇”的心态，这里指就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有一种方式可以把这种不情愿视为积极的事情。A. curiosity好奇；B. pleasure快乐；C. anxiety焦虑；D. reluctance不情愿。根据上文“Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner”以及语境可知，作者不想念成为初学者的时刻，所以这里指作者对重新开始学习有不情愿。故选D项。 10．考查名词短语辨析。句意：无如果你热爱你的工作，并发现它在智力和创造性上都能满足你的需求，那么你可能就不会有发现自己内心其他空间的冲动，不管怎样隐藏的才华和错失的机会可能就在那里。A. satisfied needs满足了的需求；B. hidden talents隐藏的天赋；C. trained skills培训技能；D. buried memories埋藏的记忆。根据下文“missed opportunities”以及选项可知，与“missed opportunities” 并列的应是“隐藏的天赋”，这里指因为太满足于生活所以不会去发掘自己还有什么隐藏的天赋。故选B项。 11．考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：但也有不那么愉快的力量在起作用。A. less happy不那么愉快的；B. more entertaining更有趣的；C. less intense不那么强烈的；D. more visible更明显的。根据下文“the fear of being bad”以及语境可知，这是属于不愉快的因素。故选A项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中年带来了更大的情绪平静，这是一个不起眼的优势，但也是一种解脱。A. fear恐惧；B. relief解脱；C. burden负担；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“greater emotional calm”以及语境可知，emotional calm对应的是一种解脱感，因为无需像年轻时那样大起大落。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在四五十岁时，它不太可能改变你的命运。A. observe观察；B. transform改变；C. predict预测；D. control控制。根据上文“It might be fun”以及but表示转折可知，这里指中年学习难以改变命运。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这不正是让终身学习如此吸引人的原因吗？A. confusing令人困惑的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. engaging吸引人的；D. demanding要求高的。根据下文“we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity”可知，终身学习是吸引人的。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习不再是为了掌握，而是为了拥抱这个持续的过程本身。A. redefining重新定义；B. completing完成；C. reversing逆转；D. embracing拥抱。根据下文“ongoing process”以及语境可知，这里指我们应拥抱学习过程而非追求掌握一定知识。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海闵行·期中）Turkey is not my thing, but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes. I start 1 these potatoes, my annual time-release capsule of pure joy in early November. I’m pretty sure I’ve had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid, and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms. How and why is it that certain foods give us so much 2 ? And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting? Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel, but certain foods are especially 3 satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content. Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we’re with while we 4 them. Past and present 5 shape the foods we find comforting. Often, we love food because we have 6 memories associated with it. My mom’s mashed potatoes (土豆泥) remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us, which can help explain our 7 love for chicken noodle soup, which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better. The smell of food can 8 powerful memories, too. The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala, a brain region that processes emotions, and the hippocampus, which handles memory. And our memory for smells is 9 and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood. That’s why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother. These 10 can go the other way, too. Sometimes you might feel 11 when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also 12 foods that we associate with bad experiences. In addition to past memories, the 13 in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment, and our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be 14 by a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together. I 15 my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children, the three people I love most in the world. 1．A．cutting down on B．looking forward to C．making for D．putting away 2．A．protein B．pleasure C．space D．transition 3．A．emotionally B．financially C．physically D．visually 4．A．order B．memorize C．enjoy D．rate 5．A．recipes B．charge C．setback D．company 6．A．cultural B．fond C．photographic D．awkward 7．A．collective B．creative C．lost D．parental 8．A．awake B．correct C．preserve D．possess 9．A．bitter-sweet B．fresh C．long-lasting D．selective 10．A．associations B．experiences C．foods D．routines 11．A．curious B．amazed C．disappointed D．sad 12．A．avoid B．consume C．store D．request 13．A．area B．symptom C．context D．emotion 14．A．enhanced B．confirmed C．reflected D．weakened 15．A．maintained B．appreciated C．copied D．digested 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者对妈妈做的土豆泥的喜爱以及食物之所以能起到安慰的作用是因为它和回忆有关。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始期待这些土豆，这是我每年11月初释放纯粹快乐的时间胶囊。A. cutting down on削减；B. looking forward to期待；C. making for有利于；D. putting away收起来。根据下文“my annual time-release capsule of pure joy”可知，这些土豆可以给作者带来快乐，所以作者很期待。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：某些食物是如何以及为什么会给我们带来如此多的快乐？A. protein蛋白质；B. pleasure快乐；C. space空间；D. transition过渡。根据上文“release capsule of pure joy”可知，此处表示某些食物会给我们带来如此多的快乐。故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学告诉我们，食物的味道和营养成分会影响我们对食物的感觉，但某些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。A. emotionally在情感上；B. financially财政上；C. physically身体上；D. visually在视觉上。根据上文“the kinds of foods we consider most comforting”可知，安慰性食物是在情感上令人满意。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们从最喜欢的食物中获得的大部分快乐来自于它们给我们和我们一起享受它们的人带来的记忆。A. order命令；B. memorize记住；C. enjoy享受；D. rate认为；估价。根据上文“favorite foods”和“the people we’re with while we”可知，我们是和其他人一起享受食物。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去和现在的陪伴塑造了我们感到舒适的食物。A. recipes食谱；B. charge负责；C. setback失败；退步；D. company陪伴。根据上文“the people we’re with while we___4__them”可知，我们和人一起享受食物，即他们的陪伴。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。A. cultural文化的；B. fond美好的；C. photographic摄影的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上文“Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories”可知，我们喜欢食物是因为我们有与之相关的美好回忆。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也会被小时候照顾我们的人给我们的食物所吸引，这有助于解释我们对鸡肉面条的集体喜爱，许多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，让他们感觉好一点。A. collective集体的；B. creative有创造性的；C. lost迷失的；D. parental父母的。根据下文“which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better”可知，很多父母给生病的孩子喂鸡汤，所以我们对鸡肉面条有集体喜爱。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：食物的气味也能唤醒强烈的记忆。A. awake唤醒；B. correct纠正；C. preserve保存；D. possess拥有。根据上文“Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories”可知，我们从食物中获得的快乐来自于我们的记忆，所以食物的气味能唤醒强烈的记忆。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对气味的记忆是持久而精确的，尤其是我们在童年时第一次接触到的气味。A. bitter-sweet悲喜交加的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. long-lasting持久的；D. selective选择性的。根据下文“That’s why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother”可知，我们对气味的记忆是持久的。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些联系也可能是相反的。A. associations联系；B. experiences经历；C. foods食物；D. routines例行公事；常规。根据上文“The smell of food can___8__powerful memories”可知，食物可以唤醒记忆，此处表示这种联系也可能起相反作用。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到悲伤。A. curious好奇的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. disappointed失望的；D. sad悲伤的。根据下文“when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss”可知，当人吃的食物让人想起想念的亲人时，人会觉得悲伤。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也可能会避免吃那些让我们联想到不好经历的食物。A. avoid避免；B. consume消耗；C. store储存；D. request请求；要求。根据下文“we associate with bad experiences”可知，人们会避免吃让他们联想到不好经历的食物。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境决定了我们当下对食物的享受程度，我们的味觉体验可以通过社区感、温暖感和共同享受来增强。A. area区域；B. symptom症状；征兆；C. context环境；D. emotion情绪。根据下文“a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”可知，此处指的是我们吃东西时的几种环境。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境决定了我们当下对食物的享受程度，我们的味觉体验可以通过社区感、温暖感和共同享受来增强。A. enhanced增强；B. confirmed证实；批准；C. reflected反映；D. weakened变弱。根据下文“a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”可知，社区感、温暖感和共同享受可以增强我们的味觉体验。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我今天更喜欢我妈妈做的Snowy Mashed Potatoes，因为我要和我的丈夫和两个孩子一起吃，他们是我在这个世界上最爱的三个人。A. maintained维护；B. appreciated欣赏；C. copied复制；D. digested消化。根据下文“because I got to eat them with my husband and two children, the three people I love most in the world”可知，作者和丈夫，孩子一起吃Snowy Mashed Potatoes，所以作者更喜欢了，空格处用appreciate，在此语境中表示“喜欢”。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·月考）Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That 1 in large measure on who you are. If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history, 2 , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for 3 critical thinking and problem-solving skills. If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you. If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous 4 . In offices where secretaries have not already been eliminated, the 5 role of a clerk is now unrecognizable. Most bosses 6 their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are 7 taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems. Those willing to expand their 8 should do well. If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (执法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach 9 standards for female applicants. Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are 10 even to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago. Degrees in sports management are also 11 . Two hundred U. S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1995 now 12 undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs. At some school you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree. 13 , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart. MBA recruitment (招聘) is way up, and salaries are 14 . But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for. A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent 15 the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.” 1．A．concentrates B．depends C．takes D．passes 2．A．by comparison B．as a result C．for instance D．in return 3．A．developing B．discouraging C．confirming D．appreciating 4．A．troubles B．pains C．tests D．changes 5．A．active B．small C．useful D．traditional 6．A．await B．handle C．transfer D．classify 7．A．increasingly B．unwillingly C．diligently D．intentionally 8．A．horizons B．activities C．organizations D．operations 9．A．medium B．high C．fair D．legal 10．A．keen B．resolved C．reluctant D．qualified 11．A．on display B．at an end C．at rest D．on the rise 12．A．cancel B．offer C．register D．drop 13．A．Contrarily B．Consequently C．Finally D．Strictly 14．A．competitive B．moderate C．fixed D．regular 15．A．give out B．agree with C．wonder about D．focus on 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大学不同的专业对于未来职业的影响以及如今社会不同职业所发生的变化。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那在很大程度上取决于你是谁。A. concentrates集中；B. depends依靠；C. takes带走；D. passes通过。根据上文“Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you?(你大学毕业后有工作吗？职场为你准备了什么？)”以及后文“in large measure on who you are”可知，指大学毕业后的工作取决于你是谁，depend on，表示“依赖，取决于”，故选B。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜欢学习英语和历史，你会很高兴地知道，在纽约州霍巴特和威廉史密斯学院最近的一项调查中，大多数首席执行官表示，文科对培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力至关重要。A. by comparison对比之下；B. as a result结果；C. for instance例如；D. in return作为回报。根据上文“If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history”可知，主要针对学习的内容对能力培养进行举例说明。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜欢学习英语和历史，你会很高兴地知道，在纽约州霍巴特和威廉史密斯学院最近的一项调查中，大多数首席执行官表示，文科对培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力至关重要。A. developing培养，发展；B. discouraging使沮丧；C. confirming确认；D. appreciating感激。根据后文“critical thinking and problem-solving skill”指文科在培养（develop）批判性思维和解决问题的能力方面很重要。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你打算从秘书开始你的职业生涯，你要意识到这份工作正在经历巨大的变化。A. troubles麻烦；B. pains痛苦；C. tests测试；D. changes改变。根据后文“role of a clerk is now unrecognizable”可知，秘书职业正在经历巨大变化。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在秘书尚未被淘汰的办公室里，文员的传统角色现在已经面目全非。A. active活跃的；B. small小的；C. useful有用的；D. traditional传统的。根据后文“role of a clerk is now unrecognizable”可知，在办公室中，秘书的职位还没有消失，但传统的（traditional）秘书角色已经找不到了。从下一句中的“e­mail”和“the Internet”可知此处讲的是传统的秘书角色。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于电子邮件和互联网的发展，大多数老板自己处理邮件、会议和行程计划，因此秘书们越来越多地承担起起草合同和处理客户服务问题等更高级别的任务。A. await等待；B. handle处理；C. transfer转移；D. classify分类。根据后文“their own mails and meetings and travel plans”指大多数老板自己处理邮件、会议和旅行计划。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于电子邮件和互联网的发展，大多数老板自己处理邮件、会议和旅行计划，因此秘书们越来越多地承担起起草合同和处理客户服务问题等更高级别的任务。A. increasingly越来越；B. unwillingly不愿意地；C. diligently勤奋地；D. intentionally故意地。根据后文“taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems”以及上文“thanks to e-mail and the Internet”可知，so表示因果关系，指出现在的秘书正越来越多地从事更高要求的工作和任务，比如起草合同，处理客服问题。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些愿意扩大眼界的人应该做得很好。A. horizons眼界；B. activities活动；C. organizations组织；D. operations操作。根据上文“Those willing to expand their”以及秘书们越来越多地承担起起草合同和处理客户服务问题等更高级别的任务，所以有助于扩大眼界。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是一名对执法感兴趣的女性，请注意一些州和城市正在努力为女性申请人达到公平的标准。A. medium中等的；B. high高的；C. fair公平的；D. legal合法的。根据后文“among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago”可知，女性警察人数在增加，说明一些州和城市正在努力为女性申请人达到公平的标准。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管大多数小型郊区警察局都非常传统，有些甚至不愿雇用女性，但在美国规模最大的警察队伍中，约有15%的警察是女性，是上一代人的五倍。A. keen渴望的；B. resolved下定决心的；C. reluctant勉强的；D. qualified有资格的。根据上文“most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are”可知，大多数小型郊区警察局都非常传统，有些甚至不愿雇用女性，故选C。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：体育管理专业的学位也在不断增加。A. on display展览；B. at an end结束；C. at rest休息；D. on the rise在增加。根据后文“Two hundred U. S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1995”可知，体育管理专业的学位也在不断增加，200所美国学院和大学现在提供体育管理的本科课程，是1995年的10倍，故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：200所美国学院和大学现在提供体育管理的本科课程，是1995年的10倍，其中一些还设有高级学位课程。A. cancel取消；B. offer提供；C. register注册；D. drop落下。根据后文“undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs”指200所美国学院和大学现在提供体育管理的本科课程，故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，如果你打算读传统的MBA，要小心了。A. Contrarily相反地；B. Consequently结果；C. Finally最后；D. Strictly严格地。根据后文可知，读传统的MBA，是文章最后一个关于学习专业的建议，Finally符合语境。故选C。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：MBA招聘大幅增加，薪资也很有竞争力。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. moderate普通的；C. fixed固定的；D. regular定期的。根据上文“MBA recruitment is way up, and salaries are”以及后文“But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for.”可知，MBA薪水的增加确实有竞争力（competitive），但钱并不是所有MBA所关心的东西了。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近一项针对美国和加拿大近1800名MBA学生的研究发现，68%的人同意这一说法：“我的家庭永远比我的事业更重要。”A. give out发出；B. agree with认同；C. wonder about想知道；D. focus on集中。根据上文“But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for.(但钱并不是当今MBA们所追求的全部)”以及后文“My family will always be more important than my career”可知，最近对将近1, 800位MBA学生的调查发现，有68%的人认同（agree with）“家庭远比事业重要”。故选B。 话题2 做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）People often expect someone with a severe disability to be inactive, maybe even angry and withdrawn. I like to surprise them by showing that I lead a very adventurous and fulfilling existence. Despite my physical limitations, I'm living as though I have no 1 . I often ask myself the very question: “Nick, how can you be so happy?” Here is my answer: I found happiness when I realized that as 2 as I may be, I am the perfect Nick Vujicic. I do believe my life can be like anyone else's. I'm 3 disabled, but I'm truly enabled because of my lack of limbs (四肢). My unique challenges have opened up unique opportunities to 4 so many in need. Just imagine what is possible for you! Too often we tell ourselves we aren't smart enough or attractive enough or talented enough to pursue our dreams. We buy into what others say about us, or we 5 ourselves. I have a choice. You have a choice. We can choose to be stuck in 6 and shortcomings and choose to be bitter, angry, or sad. Or when faced with hard times and hurtful people, we can choose to learn from the experience and move forward, 7 our own happiness. You are beautiful and precious 8 , worth more than all the diamonds in the world. You and I are perfectly suited to be who we were meant to be! Anyway, it should always be our goal to become an even better person and 9 boundaries by dreaming big. Adjustments are 10 along the way because life isn't always nice, but it is always worth living. I can't put a hand on your shoulder to reassure you, but I can speak from the heart. However desperate your life may seem, there is hope. As 11 as circumstances appear, there are better days ahead. No matter how terrible your circumstances may appear, you can rise above them. Only wish for change will change nothing. To make the decision to 12 right now will change everything. Just by looking at me, people know that I faced and overcame many obstacles and hardships. That makes them willing to listen to me as a 13 of inspiration. They allow me to share my faith, to tell them they are loved, and to give them hope. That is my contribution. It's important to recognize your own 14 . Know that you also have something to contribute. If you feel frustrated right now, that's okay. Your sense of frustration means you 15 more for your life than you have right now. That's all good. Often, it's the challenges in life that show us who we are truly meant to be. 1．A．installations B．conditions C．abilities D．limits 2．A．imperfect B．curious C．energetic D．attractive 3．A．partially B．developmentally C．officially D．temporarily 4．A．reflect B．reach C．recognize D．acknowledge 5．A．let go of B．place emphasis on C．put restrictions on D．pay attention to 6．A．disappointments B．highlights C．realities D．creations 7．A．being ignorant of B．showing respect for C．being curious about D．taking responsibility for 8．A．for your own purpose B．in your own right C．at your own risk D．with your own efforts 9．A．stretch B．form C．share D．fix 10．A．avoidable B．original C．specific D．necessary 11．A．special B．bad C．certain D．ordinary 12．A．take action B．seek purposes C．find values D．make rules 13．A．way B．signal C．source D．kind 14．A．disadvantage B．shortcoming C．status D．value 15．A．possess B．belong C．deserve D．appreciate 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者身为残疾人却生活充实，认为虽有局限但自身有独特价值。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的身体有缺陷，但我的生活似乎没有任何限制。A. installations装置；B. conditions条件；C. abilities能力；D. limits限制。根据上文“I like to surprise them by showing that I lead a very adventurous and fulfilling existence.(我喜欢向他们展示我过着一种非常冒险和充实的生活，给他们一个惊喜)”可知，作者过着充实的生活，没有被残疾所限制。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是我的答案：当我意识到尽管我可能不完美，但我是完美的尼克·胡哲时，我找到了幸福。A. imperfect不完美的；B. curious好奇的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. attractive吸引人的。与后文“I am the perfect Nick Vujicic”中“perfect”对应的是作者身体残疾，即不完美“imperfect”，故选A。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我被正式认定为残疾人士，但正是因为我没有四肢，我才真正拥有了（超越常人的）能力。A. partially部分地；B. developmentally发育地；C. officially官方地，正式地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“my physical limitations”可知，指作者被正式认定为残疾人士，故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独特的挑战为我提供了独特的机会，让我能够接触到许多需要帮助的人。A. reflect反思；B. reach接触，到达；C. recognize认可；D. acknowledge承认。根据后文“so many in need”指作者可以接触许多需要帮助的人。故选B。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们相信别人对我们的评价，或者我们给自己设限。A. let go of放开；B. place emphasis on强调；C. put restrictions on对……实施限制；D. pay attention to注意。根据上文“Just imagine what is possible for you! Too often we tell ourselves we aren’t smart enough or attractive enough or talented enough to pursue our dreams.(想象一下你有什么可能！我们常常告诉自己，我们不够聪明、不够有吸引力、不够有天赋，无法追求梦想)”可知，此处指因为相信别人的评价，给自己设限。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以选择深陷于失望和自身的缺点之中，还可以选择心怀怨愤或感到悲伤。A. disappointments失望；B. highlights突出；C. realities现实；D. creations创造物。根据后文“and shortcomings and choose to be bitter, angry, or sad”列举的主要是负面情绪，即痛苦、愤怒或悲伤，所以是陷入失望和缺点中。故选A。 7．考查固定短语辨析。句意：或者，当面对艰难时刻和伤害我们的人时，我们可以选择从经验中学习，继续前进，为自己的幸福负责。A. being ignorant of对……无知；B. showing respect for尊敬；C. being curious about对……好奇；D. taking responsibility for对……负责。根据后文“our own happiness”以及上文“we can choose to learn from the experience and move forward”可知，作者强调继续前进，为自己的幸福负责。故选D。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：你凭借自身的特质就很美丽且珍贵，价值超过世界上所有的钻石。A. for your own purpose为了自己的目的；B. in your own right凭借自身的能力、资格或地位；C. at your own risk自担风险；D. with your own efforts靠自己努力。根据上文“You are beautiful and precious”可知，作者认为要相信自己，认为自己凭借自身的特质就很美丽且珍贵，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，我们的目标应该是成为一个更好的人，通过远大的梦想来突破界限。A. stretch伸展，伸出；B. form形成；C. share分享；D. fix修理。根据后文“boundaries by dreaming big”以及上文提到成为更好的人，所以是通过远大的梦想来突破界限。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一路上调整是必要的，因为生活并不总是美好的，但它总是值得活下去的。A. avoidable可避免的；B. original起初的；C. specific特别的；D. necessary必要的。根据后文“because life isn’t always nice, but it is always worth living”可知，生活并不总是美好，所以调整是必要的。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况看起来很糟糕，但未来会有更好的日子。A. special特别的；B. bad坏的；C. certain必然的；D. ordinary普通的。根据后文“No matter how terrible your circumstances may appear, you can rise above them.(不管你的处境看起来有多糟糕，你都能战胜它们)”可知，此处指情况看起来很糟糕，故选B。 12．考查短语辨析。句意：现在就下定决心采取行动会改变一切。A. take action采取行动；B. seek purposes寻找目的；C. find values找到价值；D. make rules制定规则。根据后文“right now will change everything”指现在就采取行动改变一切。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让他们愿意听我的话，把我当作灵感的源泉。A. way方法；B. signal信号；C. source来源；D. kind种类。根据上文“Just by looking at me, people know that I faced and overcame many obstacles and hardships.(只要看着我，人们就知道我面对并克服了许多障碍和困难)”可知，人们愿意相信作者的话，把作者当作灵感的源泉。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到自己的价值是很重要的。A. disadvantage缺点；B. shortcoming缺点；C. status地位；D. value价值。根据上文“You are beautiful and precious…, worth more than all the diamonds in the world.”可知，作者强调要认识到自己的价值。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的挫败感意味着你应该得到比现在更多的生活。A. possess拥有；B. belong属于；C. deserve值得；D. appreciate感激。根据后文“That’s all good. Often, it’s the challenges in life that show us who we are truly meant to be.(这都很好。通常，是生活中的挑战让我们知道我们应该成为什么样的人)”可知，生活中的挑战让我们知道我们应该成为什么样的人，说明挫败感意味着你应该得到比现在更多的生活。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海·期中）It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 1 his idea — a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business. Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 2 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 3 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 4 limits your career choices. Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 5 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 6 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams. Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 7 like luck. The reality of success (at least in terms of 8 ) is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn. 2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 9 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 10 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men. Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 11 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16 — 25 use 12 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter poorer peers. The truth is: chance and coincidences 13 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 14 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate. This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur but it is all about the individual’s 15 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams. 1．A．challenge B．adopt C．finance D．reject 2．A．performances B．accomplishments C．assessments D．outcomes 3．A．accounts for B．applies to C．makes up for D．depends on 4．A．in reward B．after all C．in turn D．by nature 5．A．chance B．accident C．education D．diligence 6．A．emphasizes B．overlooks C．maintains D．weakens 7．A．manageable B．vital C．slippery D．minor 8．A．reputation B．income C．education D．occupation 9．A．wealthier B．poorer C．unique D．diverse 10．A．Nevertheless B．Contrarily C．Consequently D．Similarly 11．A．profession B．circle C．community D．university 12．A．certificates B．online platforms C．career fairs D．family connections 13．A．contribute to B．result from C．add to D．hold back 14．A．inspiring B．encouraging C．appealing D．discouraging 15．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．readiness D．resolution 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色。文章通过具体例子和研究数据，指出了出生背景、教育、社会经济地位等因素对个人职业选择和收入水平的影响，并强调了认识到运气在职业成功中的作用，可以让人更加珍惜并抓住机遇。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在行程结束时，斯科特的老板提出为他的想法提供资金——启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物，以启动业务。A. challenge挑战；B. adopt采纳；C. finance财务，资助；D. reject拒绝。根据“a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine (豪车) to kick start the business”可知，老板为其提供了启动资金以及一辆价值11万英镑的豪华轿车作为礼物即提供了资金资助。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。A. performances表演，表现；B. accomplishments成就；C. assessments评估；D. outcomes结果。根据“Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist”可知，无论你是首席执行官还是艺术家，你的成就不会仅仅基于努力工作。故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，你出生的地方解释了（决定了）你所受的教育。A. accounts for解释，占……比例；B. applies to适用于；C. makes up for补偿；D. depends on依赖。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书等由此也决定了你所受的教育。故选A。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：它决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。A. in reward作为回报；B. after all毕竟；C. in turn反过来；D. by nature天性。根据“It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications”可知，你出生的地方决定了你是否学习阅读、写作或完成资格证书，这反过来又限制了你的职业选择。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人认为成功取决于天赋和努力，但心理学家Elizabeth Nutt Williams博士说：“这是因为大多数人低估了机遇的作用。”A. chance机会；B. accident事故，偶然；C. education教育；D. diligence勤奋。根据“People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work”可知，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用即大多数人低估了机遇的作用。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Williams补充说，人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。A. emphasizes强调；B. overlooks忽视；C. maintains维持；D. weakens削弱。根据“We do a lot of work to prepare for our careers — education, training, taking advantage of mentoring — all of which tend to be in our control.”可知，我们为自己的职业生涯做了很多准备——教育、培训、利用导师——所有这些都在我们的掌控之中，而人们不愿意承认运气在工作中的作用，因为它削弱了这种掌控感。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都记得努力工作，所以人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，而不是运气等更不可靠的因素。A. manageable可管理的；B. vital至关重要的；C. slippery不可靠的；D. minor次要的。根据“more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence”可知，人们更有可能高估自己的成功在多大程度上取决于勤奋，即相比于运气这种不可靠的因素，人们很大程度上认为成功取决于勤奋这种可靠的因素。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功的真实性（至少在收入方面）不那么明确。A. reputation名声；B. income收入；C. education教育；D. occupation职业。根据“In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.”可知，后文通过举例在英国，研究表明，你的出生地很可能决定了你的收入，以收入来说明成功的真实性并不是那么明确。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年的一项研究发现，存在“阶级薪酬差距”，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑。A. wealthier更富有的；B. poorer更穷的；C. unique独特的；D. diverse多样化的。根据“as colleagues from more privileged families.”可知，来自贫困家庭的专业雇主，尽管与来自富裕家庭的同事有着相同的角色、教育和经验，但他们的年薪却少了近7000英镑；此处将来自于贫穷的家庭和富裕家庭职员进行比较。故选B。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Contrarily相反地；C. Consequently因此；D. Similarly同样地。根据“black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men”可知，黑人毕业生每小时的收入比白人大学毕业生低23%，而英国女性的平均收入比男性低14%，此处同样说明了“阶级薪酬差距”的问题，表示“同样地”用similarly。故选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。A. profession职业；B. circle圈子；C. community社区；D. university大学。根据“A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use  ___12___  to get their first job.”可知，6岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作，因此社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：德布雷特基金会最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。A. certificates证书；B. online platforms在线平台；C. career fairs职业招聘会；D. family connections家庭关系。根据“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the  ___11___  you enter.”可知，社会经济地位在你进入的职业中也起着很大的作用，最近的一项研究发现，16岁至25岁的年轻人中，每10人中就有7人利用家庭关系找到第一份工作。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实是：机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。A. contribute to有助于；B. result from由……引起；C. add to增加；D. hold back阻碍。根据前文“Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career.”以及“The reality of success (at least in terms of  ___8___ ) is less clear cut.”以及“Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the  ___11___  you enter.”可知，综合前文论述此处强调，在我们的职业生涯中成功不仅仅依赖于个人的努力和天赋，运气和偶然事件在职业发展中也扮演了重要角色，即机会和巧合对我们职业生涯的贡献比我们想象的要大。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. encouraging鼓励的；C. appealing吸引人的；D. discouraging令人气馁的。根据“but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.”可知，虽然意识到你的职业生涯中有一部分是你无法控制的，这听起来令人沮丧，但对运气在你的职业生涯中扮演的角色心存感激，实际上会让你更加幸运，此处前后构成转折关系。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。A. reluctance不情愿；B. eagerness渴望；C. readiness准备就绪；D. resolution决心。根据“to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,”可知，偶然事件会发生，但这完全取决于个人是否准备好将这些事件视为可能性，以及他们是否愿意冒险。故选C。 Passage 3 （22-23高一下·上海·期中）Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often 1 the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors (前任者). 2 such greats as Darwin and Einstein—whose remarkable contributions are duly celebrated — we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left. This evolutionary view of human innovation weakens the idea of 3 genius and recognizes the accumulative nature of scientific progress. Consider one 4 scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space. By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-elements’ atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table. These successes are all the more noteworthy given the fact that Nicholson was 5 about the presence of proto-elements: they do not actually exist. Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild guesses, Nicholson also 6 a new theory about the structure of atoms. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, 7 this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom. What are we to make of this story? We propose that science is constantly 8 , much as species of animals do. In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics that 9 random genetic mutations (变异). In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for 10 in science. 11 mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce. 12 for this evolutionary view of behavioral innovation comes from many domains. Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing. The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope. Had he 13 the speed advantage that would be provided by riding acey-deucy? No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. His 14 just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance. Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity — a happy 15 . The time seems right for abandoning the naive notions of intelligent design and genius, and for scientifically exploring the true origins of creative behavior. 1．A．overlooks B．enriches C．questions D．reflects 2．A．Aiming at B．Longing for C．Holding back D．Setting aside 3．A．native B．creative C．subjective D．sensitive 4．A．stressed B．unrecognized C．celebrated D．respected 5．A．suspicious B．concerned C．wrong D．guilty 6．A．tested B．rejected C．accepted D．proposed 7．A．got rid of B．made room for C．jumped off from D．put up with 8．A．struggling B．reversing C．evolving D．shrinking 9．A．result from B．contribute to C．depart from D．relate to 10．A．priorities B．trials C．advances D．obstacles 11．A．If B．Until C．While D．Unless 12．A．Responsibility B．Prejudice C．Dislike D．Support 13．A．doubted B．neglected C．foreseen D．exceeded 14．A．motivation B．modification C．dedication D．publication 15．A．occasion B．life C．accident D．ending 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了我们对一些伟人独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了前辈之前的经验和努力。科学创新更多的是一个试错的过程，是科学进步不断积累的结果。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们对这种独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了这个人之前的经验和鲜为人知的前辈们的努力。A. overlooks忽视；B. enriches丰富；C. questions质疑；D. reflects反应。由上文“Our view of such unique contributions to science often”和下文“the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors”可知，我们认为科学贡献只属于某个或某几个人的看法往往忽视了一个人之前的经验和鲜为人知的前辈的努力，故选A。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，他们的杰出贡献受到了应有的赞扬，我们认为创新更多的是一个试错的过程，前进两步有时会后退一步，也可能会向右或向左走一步或多步。A. Aiming at旨在；B. Longing for渴望；C. Holding back阻止；D. Setting aside把……放一旁。由下文“we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left.”和上文提到的人们认为科学发现是博物学家查尔斯·达尔文和理论物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等智力明星的天才结晶可知，作者认同达尔文和爱因斯坦的贡献得到了应有的赞扬，但是作者还认为创新需要试错，也就是说除了达尔文和爱因斯坦的成就外，还有之前前辈的经验和努力也值得赞扬，所以此处指撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种对人类创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，并承认了科学进步的累积性。A. native本地的；B. creative有创意的；C. subjective主观的；D. sensitive敏感的。由上文“This evolutionary view of human innovation”和上文提到的“the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein”可知，对达尔文和爱因斯坦这种天才，应该赞扬他们的贡献，但是也应该肯定前辈的经验和努力，由此可知，这种创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想一位未被认可的科学家：约翰·尼科尔森，一位在1910年代工作的数学物理学家，他假设外太空中存在“原始元素”。A. stressed焦虑的；B. unrecognized未被认出的；C. celebrated著名的；D. respected受人尊敬的。由下文“scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space.”可知，此处举例子说明前辈的那些错误也是有意义的，这些前辈往往是没有被认可的，故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的：它们实际上并不存在，这些成功更值得注意。A. suspicious怀疑的；B. concerned关心的；C. wrong错误的；D. guilty内疚的。由下文“they do not actually exist.”可知，尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的，因为实际上它们并不存在，故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他经常异想天开的理论和疯狂的猜测中，尼科尔森还提出了一个关于原子结构的新理论。A. tested测试；B. rejected拒绝；C. accepted接受；D. proposed建议。由下文“a new theory about the structure of atoms”可知，尼科尔森提出一个关于原子结构的新理论，故选D。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖得主、现代原子理论之父尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，提出了他现在著名的原子模型。A. got rid of摆脱；B. made room for腾出空间；C. jumped off from从……跳出来；D. put up with忍受。由下文“this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom.”可知，尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，提出了他现在著名的原子模型，故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为科学在不断发展，就像动物物种进化一样。A. struggling挣扎；B. reversing修正；C. evolving进化；发展；D. shrinking缩水。由下文“much as species of animals do”和“In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics”可知，此处指就像动物物种进化一样，科学在不断发展，故选C。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在生物系统中，生物体可能会因随机基因突变而表现出新的特征。A. result from起因于；B. contribute to有助于；C. depart from离开；D. relate to与……有关。由上文“organisms may display new characteristics that”和下文“random genetic mutations (变异)”可知，生物体新的特征是由于随机基因突变造成的，故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道路。A. priorities优先权；B. trials实验；C. advances进步；D. obstacles障碍。由上文“In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for”可知，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道路，故选C。 11．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：如果突变被证明是有益的，动物或科学理论将继续茁壮成长，也许还会繁殖。A. If如果；B. Until直到；C. While当……时候；D. Unless除非。由下文“mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce.”可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导的条件状语从句，故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对这种行为创新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域。A. Responsibility责任；B. Prejudice偏见；C. Dislike不喜欢；D. Support支持。由下文“Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing.”可知，作者举了一个美国赛马界有影响力的创新例子，来证明对这种行为创新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域，故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置能有速度优势？A. doubted怀疑；B. neglected忽视；C. foreseen预见；D. exceeded超过。由上文“The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope(所谓的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，即骑手的脚放在左马镫中，比右马镫低25厘米，被认为在蛋形赛道上转弯时具有重要的速度优势。它是由一位相对不知名的骑师Jackie Westrope发明的)”和下文“No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee.”可知，骑师Jackie Westrope发现了这种“acey-deucy”马镫位置，但这是偶然发现的，并不是他提前能预测到的，此处提出问题：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势？下文对此做出否定回答，即证明了他没有预测到“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势，故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的动机恰好与左手转弯表现的增强相吻合。A. motivation动机；B. modification修正；C. dedication奉献；D. publication出版。由下文“just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance.”和上文提到他因为腿部受伤，导致左膝无法完全弯曲。这使他碰巧发现了有速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，由此可知，他发明“acey-deucy”马镫位置的动机和左手转弯表现的增强相吻合，故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多其他故事表明，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发现——一场幸福的意外。A. occasion场合；B. life生活；C. accident意外；D. ending结尾。由上文“Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity—a happy”和上文举的Jackie Westrope在受伤后碰巧发现了会有速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，这完全是一场意外，由此可知，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发现——一场幸福的意外。故选C。 话题3 文学、艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海徐汇·期中）In a Different League Walk into any room in India with a screen from now until the end of May and you will find yourself watching the Indian Premier League (IPL), a wildly popular cricket tournament that is by some measures the world’s most profitable sports league after America’s National Football League. It is obvious that Indians are 1 about cricket. Yet the success of IPL has had the unlikely effect of driving a booming of domestic leagues in other sports, too. Over the past decade leagues modelled on IPL have 2 in hockey, tennis, badminton, football and handball, along with native games such as kho kho and kabaddi. Some, notably kabaddi, have even been commercially successful. A cricket-mad country is 3 . Cricket took 87% of what was spent on sports advertising and sponsorship last year. But that was down from 88% in 2021. “The pie for non-cricket sport is going to 4 ,” says Divyanshu Singh of JSW Sports. As in any other 5 , not all ventures will succeed. Some leagues have already 6 . 7 , leagues tend to succeed only in team sports. It is hard to build up loyalty for artificial teams in player-driven sports such as tennis and badminton. Yet the problem lies in a range of internal factors. Any new league must also be well governed and offer its backers a 8 chance of getting their investment back. That means setting sensible 9 on player salaries, keeping costs down and investing in high production standards. To attract viewers, it must offer the very best talent in that particular sport. With global sports available on television and streaming, the difference in quality between, 10 , Indian and American basketball leagues is apparent. Viewers accustomed to global sports are 11 by amateurish production. Kabaddi’s success can in part be 12 the league offering the highest quality of play available in that sport. Yet the most important factor in sustaining the sports boom is one where progress remains slow. Though Indian viewers are happy to watch sports, rates of physical activity are 13 . A recent survey found that while 57% of respondents described themselves as fans of cricket, only 31% had actually played the game in the previous year. Rates for other sports are even lower. Three-quarters of Indian adolescents are physically 14 , according to the World Health Organization. “The younger generation has never played these sports,” says Jinisha Sharma of Capri Sports. “How do you keep finding 15 talent for the future?” 1．A．concerned B．critical C．crazy D．curious 2．A．transformed B．reunited C．crashed D．emerged 3．A．bouncing B．diversifying C．globalizing D．hustling 4．A．grow B．shrink C．drop D．crack 5．A．neighborhood B．boom C．country D．industry 6．A．thrived B．bent C．collapsed D．progressed 7．A．Thus B．Moreover C．Therefore D．Consequently 8．A．remote B．fair C．slight D．minimal 9．A．targets B．goals C．caps D．floors 10．A．for example B．in short C．in general D．in addition 11．A．settled down B．cracked down on C．signed in D．turned off 12．A．overshadowed by B．surrounded with C．credited to D．confused with 13．A．steady B．impressive C．rising D．low 14．A．weak B．energetic C．inactive D．tough 15．A．fitter B．stronger C．newer D．better 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了印度超级联赛（IPL）的成功推动了印度其他体育项目国内联赛的发展，同时也分析了这些联赛面临的问题以及持续繁荣的关键因素。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，印度人对板球很痴迷。A. concerne关心的；B. critical批评的；C. crazy疯狂的，痴迷的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“a wildly popular cricket tournament”和下文“A cricket-mad country” 可知，印度板球联赛非常受欢迎，印度人对板球极为热衷。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，以印度超级联赛为蓝本的联赛在曲棍球、网球、羽毛球、足球和手球以及像 kho - kho 和卡巴迪这样的本土运动中出现了。A. transformed转变；B. reunited重聚；C. crashed碰撞；D. emerged出现。根据上文“Yet the success of IPL has had the unlikely effect of driving a booming of domestic leagues in other sports, too.” 可知，IPL 的成功推动了其他体育项目国内联赛的繁荣，所以这些联赛是出现了。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个痴迷板球的国家正在变得多样化。A. bouncing反弹；B. diversifying多样化；C. globalizing全球化；D. hustling推搡，猛推。根据上文“Over the past decade leagues modelled on IPL have…in hockey, tennis, badminton, football and handball, along with native games such as kho - kho and kabaddi.” 可知，印度除了板球，其他体育项目的联赛也在发展，所以这个国家的体育项目变得多样化了。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“非板球运动的蛋糕将会变大，”JSW 体育的迪维安舒・辛格说。A. grow增长，变大；B. shrink缩小；C. drop下降；D. crack破裂。根据上文 “Cricket took 87% of what was spent on sports advertising and sponsorship last year. But that was down from 88% in 2021.” 可知，板球在体育广告和赞助方面的占比在下降，那么非板球运动的份额就会增加。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和其他任何行业一样，并非所有的企业都会成功。A. neighborhood街区；B. boom繁荣；C. country国家；D. industry行业。这里把体育联赛的发展类比成一个行业，在任何行业中都有成功和失败。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些联赛已经倒闭了。A. thrived繁荣；B. bent弯曲；C. collapsed倒塌，崩溃，倒闭；D. progressed进步。根据上文 “not all ventures will succeed.” 可知，不是所有的联赛都能成功，所以一些联赛会失败、倒闭。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，联赛往往只在团队运动中取得成功。A. Thus因此；B. Moreover此外，而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Consequently结果。此处是进一步说明联赛成功的情况，与上文是递进关系，用 moreover 合适。这里是在前面提到一些联赛失败的基础上，进一步说明联赛成功的条件。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何新的联赛也必须管理良好，并为其支持者提供公平的收回投资的机会。A. remote遥远的；B. fair公平的；C. slight轻微的；D. minimal最小的。根据常理，投资者希望有公平的机会收回投资，这样才能吸引他们投资。联赛要想吸引投资，就需要给投资者提供公平的机会。故选 B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要合理限制球员的工资，降低成本，并投资于高制作标准。A. targets目标；B. goals目标；C. caps帽子，上限，限额；D. floors地板，下限。根据 “keeping costs down” 可知，要降低成本，就需要对球员工资设定上限。故选C。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于电视和流媒体上有全球体育赛事，例如，印度和美国篮球联赛之间的质量差异是显而易见的。A. for example例如；B. in short总之；C. in general一般来说；D. in addition此外。这里是举印度和美国篮球联赛的例子来说明全球体育赛事之间质量有差异。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：习惯了全球体育赛事的观众会对业余的制作感到厌烦。A. settled down定居，平静下来；B. cracked down on镇压；C. signed in签到；D. turned off使厌烦，关掉。根据上文 “With global sports available on television and streaming, the difference in quality between ____ Indian and American basketball leagues is apparent.”可知，观众习惯了高质量的全球体育赛事，所以对业余的制作会感到厌烦。故选D。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡巴迪的成功部分可以归功于该联赛提供了该项运动中最高水平的比赛。A. overshadowed by被…… 遮蔽；B. surrounded with被…… 包围；C. credited to归功于；D. confused with与…… 混淆。根据下文“the league offering the highest quality of play available in that sport.”可知，卡巴迪联赛的成功是因为其提供了高质量的比赛，所以用 be credited to 表示 “归功于”。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管印度观众乐于观看体育比赛，但体育活动的参与率很低。A. steady稳定的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. rising上升的；D. low低的。根据下文 “A recent survey found that while 57% of respondents described themselves as fans of cricket, only 31% had actually played the game in the previous year. Rates for other sports are even lower.” 可知，印度观众观看体育比赛的比例高，但参与运动的比例低。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据世界卫生组织的数据，四分之三的印度青少年身体不活跃。A. weak虚弱的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. inactive不活跃的；D. tough艰难的，坚强的。根据上文 “Though Indian viewers are happy to watch sports, rates of physical activity are ____ ” 可知，印度人运动参与率低，所以很多青少年身体不活跃。故选C。 15．考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：你如何为未来找到更好的人才呢？”A. fitter更健康的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. newer更新的；D. better更好的。根据上文“The younger generation has never played these sports”，这里是说在年轻一代缺乏运动的情况下，如何找到更优秀的体育人才，用 better 合适。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海杨浦·期中）I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful. This deduction helps explain the flood of podcasts, books and speeches devoted to the secrets of high 1 . It is one reason why executive-leadership courses draw on case studies from well beyond business. And it has been much in evidence before and during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Consultancies ask what CEOs can learn from the world’s best athletes. Executives attend events in which Olympians describe what 2 their excellence. Articles breathlessly assess the leadership qualities of Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant 3 in Paris. Bob Bowman, a swimming coach, wrote a book called “The Golden Rules”, based on his success in guiding Michael Phelps to greatness. There are 4 that connect sporting success and business success. Getting to the games requires intense dedication and hard work. Sporting excellence 5 on the efforts of multiple people, not just a single individual. The people on the podium（领奖台）in Paris are competitive and resilient. It is true that all these things are helpful in the workplace, but so is being able to 6 yourself-a tailored outfit can be as strategic. Some things simply don’t need saying. If some of the similarities between sports and the workplace are the stuff of cliche, many of the differences are too big to be helpful. Sporting contests have the 7 clarity of finishing positions; most jobs 8 such simple benchmark. A four-year Olympic cycle 9 to a contest that may last only seconds has few obvious equivalents in business. The athletes who win medals at the games are 10 not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts. The job of managers is partly to identify such superstars, but their real task is getting the best out of a workforce whose jobs will not depend as heavily on 11 .” The comparisons between sports and business do reveal some interesting parallels, although they are not necessarily the ones you might expect. In her book “The Long Win”, Cath Bishop, a former Olympian consultant, describes that only focusing on winning can be 12 whether you are in a singlet（运动背心） or a suit. That’s why elite athletes increasingly like to talk about trusting in the process — focusing on the performance rather than on the results. Also, 13 the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome is a(n) 14 that companies might benefit from, too. The pressure on competitive sports teams to cut corners in pursuit of success can lead to toxic cultures and outright cheating, just as it can within firms. But these 15 are not really why people listen to the podcasts or turn up at the events. They want a simple formula for success. And they want to hear what it is like to run faster and jump higher than anyone else. 1．A．potential B．performance C．progress D．ability 2．A．stand for B．result from C．make up D．contribute to 3．A．attempt B．difference C．return D．decision 4．A．threads B．joints C．paths D．trends 5．A．stands B．feeds C．rests D．lies 6．A．exhibit B．dress C．refresh D．present 7．A．objective B．ultimate C．internal D．delicate 8．A．adopt B．possess C．boost D．lack 9．A．appealing B．building C．adding D．submitting 10．A．filled B．rewarded C．blessed D．associated 11．A．power B．acquisition C．strategies D．genetics 12．A．challenging B．ruinous C．essential D．inevitable 13．A．divorcing B．departing C．varying D．telling 14．A．phase B．factor C．aspect D．discipline 15．A．relationships B．similarities C．distinctions D．equivalents 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文，探讨了体育成功与商业成功之间的相似性和差异性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种推论有助于解释大量播客、书籍和演讲致力于揭示高绩效的秘密。A. potential潜力；B. performance表现，绩效；C. progress进步；D. ability能力。根据前文“I want to be successful. That person is successful. So that person can teach me how to be successful.”可知，这里探讨的是成功的秘诀，与“表现”最相关。故选B项。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：高管们参加活动，奥运选手在活动中描述是什么促成了他们的卓越。A. stand for代表；B. result from由……造成；C. make up组成；D. contribute to促成，有助于。根据后文“their excellence”可知，这里探讨的是促成奥运选手卓越的因素。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：文章热情洋溢地评估了西蒙·拜尔斯的领导才能，这位美国体操运动员退出了东京奥运会，并在巴黎取得了辉煌的回归。A. attempt尝试；B. difference差异；C. return返回；D. decision决定。根据前文“Simone Biles, an American gymnast who pulled out of the Tokyo games and made a triumphant”和后文“in Paris”可知，Simone Biles在东京退赛后再次参赛，是一种“回归”。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一些线索将体育成功和商业成功联系起来。A. threads线索，思路；B. joints关节；C. paths路径；D. trends趋势。根据后文“that connect sporting success and business success”可知，这里指的是连接体育成功和商业成功的线索。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育卓越依赖于多个人的努力，而不仅仅是一个人的努力。A. stands站立；B. feeds喂养；C. rests休息；D. lies在于。根据后文“on the efforts of multiple people”可知，这里指的是体育卓越依赖于多个人的努力。rest on意为“依赖于”。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诚然，所有这些事情在工作中都是有益的，但能够自我包装确实是有帮助的——一套量身定制的衣服也可以成为一种策略。A. exhibit展现；B. dress穿衣；C. refresh使恢复精力；D. present呈现。根据后文提到的“tailored outfit(定制的服装)”，可知此处应选“dress”。dress yourself即自我包装。故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：体育比赛有明确的排名结果；大多数工作缺乏如此简单的基准。A. objective客观的；B. ultimate最终的；C. internal内部的；D. delicate精致的。根据后文“clarity of finishing positions”可知，这里指的是体育比赛名次的明确性。“objective clarity”表示“客观的清晰度”，即比赛结果的明确性。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：体育比赛有明确的排名结果；大多数工作缺乏如此简单的基准。A. adopt采用；B. possess拥有；C. boost提升；D. lack缺乏。这里是在讨论二者的区别，根据前文“Sporting contests have the __7__ clarity of finishing positions”可知，作为对比，这里指的是大多数工作缺乏像体育比赛那样简单的基准。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个四年的奥运周期构建成一场可能只持续几秒钟的比赛，这在商业中几乎没有明显的等价物。A. appealing吸引；B. building构建；C. adding增加；D. submitting提交。根据后文“to a contest that may last only seconds”可知，这里指的是奥运周期构建成一场短暂的比赛。build to，含义为“构建到”。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在奥运会上获得奖牌的运动员不仅拥有巨大的决心，还拥有巨大的天赋。A. filled填充；B. rewarded奖励；C. blessed祝福，赋予；D. associated联系。根据后文“not just with enormous determination but also immense natural gifts”可知，这里指的是运动员被赋予了巨大的决心和天赋。“blessed with”表示“被赋予”，用来描述天赋非常贴切。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理们的任务是识别这样的超级明星，但他们真正的工作是从那些不完全依赖基因的员工中挖掘出最好的表现。A. power力量；B. acquisition获得；C. strategies策略；D. genetics遗传，基因。根据前文提到的“natural gifts”，可知此处应选“genetics”。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她的书《长胜》中，前奥运选手顾问凯斯·毕晓普描述了只关注胜利是如何具有毁灭性的，无论你是穿着运动背心还是西装。A. challenging具有挑战性的；B. ruinous毁灭性的；C. essential必不可少的；D. inevitable不可避免的。根据后文“toxic cultures（有毒文化）”，可知，这里指的是只关注胜利的负面影响，这是毁灭性的。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，将商业决策的方式与其实际结果分开是一种公司也可能从中受益的纪律。A. divorcing使脱离；B. departing离开；C. varying变化；D. telling告诉。根据后文“the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome”可知，这里指的是将商业决策的制定方式与其实际结果分开。divorce...from...意为“使……与……脱离”。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，将商业决策的方式与其实际结果分开是一种公司也可能从中受益的纪律。A. phase阶段；B. factor因素；C. aspect方面；D. discipline纪律。根据前文“__13__ the way a business decision is made from its actual outcome”可知，此处需要一个表示“行为规范”的词，“discipline”最合适。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些相似之处并不是人们听播客或参加活动的原因。A. relationships关系；B. similarities相似之处；C. distinctions区别；D. equivalents等价物。根据前文第7空前提到的“similarities”，可知前文反复讨论的是相似性，此处应选“similarities”。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）The 16th-century dramatist Ben Johnson generously called Shakespeare a writer “not of an age, but for all time.” And so it has proven to be, for Shakespeare’s plays are still the most translated and most 1 of any playwright’s in the world. But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeare’s 2 popularity, you will get a number of different answers. Some will say that he was a great storyteller, others may suggest that the 3 lies in the beauty of his poetry. Some scholars point out  that he was born in a lively period of England’s history, a time of great national confidence and cultural activity, particularly in the theatre. 4 , they claim, he was able to produce an extraordinary volume of work. This last explanation seems a little 5 . A more interesting answer is put forward, although a little over-enthusiastically, by Harold Bloom in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human.Bloom argues that Shakespeare gave us something in his writing that the world had not seen in 6 before: characters with a strong personality. These lifelike characters gave us a real insight into the human 7 : Iago, the·trusted advisor of Othello, whose jealousy leads him to betray his honest master; Rosalind,the heroine in As You Like It, who remains true to her friends and family in spite of the danger to herself. Through the mouths of such characters, we learn truths about life that we can all 8 . These truths are made more moving and more memorable by the way in which they are 9 : briefly and poetically. Shakespeare has been dead almost 400 years, but the words and saying attributed to ( 归 功 于 ) him still 10 the English language today. So whether you are “fashionable” or“sanctimonious”, thank Shakespeare, who probably 11 the terms. In fact, it is amazing just how great Shakespeare’s influence on everyday language has been. Take, for example, these phrases from Michael Macrone’s light-hearted book Brush Up Your Shakespeare. foregone conclusion      full circle at one fell swoop wear my heart upon my sleeve seen better days a sorry sight neither here nor there the world is (my) oyster Macrone is more interested in the Shakespearean language that has survived than the reasons for its 12 . According to his research, some of these sayings are slightly different from their original meaning once taken out of the 13 of the plays in which they first appeared. For example, “the be all and end all” is used today to mean “the most important thing”, but in Macbeth,it means “the end of the matter”. Regardless of such technicalities, it is still remarkable that so many of Shakespeare’s words have survived the large 14 in language between their time and the present day. The beauty of those·words is certainly one reason, but as Johnson suggested, it is the humanity and lasting impact of their 15 that brings them to life. 1．A．selected B．performed C．exchanged D．gained 2．A．false B．curious C．individual D．lasting 3．A．magic B．intelligence C．failure D．count 4．A．In a word B．As a consequence C．By contrast D．To some degree 5．A．possible B．convincing C．unsatisfactory D．boring 6．A．human B．literature C．history D．advertisement 7．A．nature B．implication C．factor D．resources 8．A．qualify for B．judge from C．specialize in D．identify with 9．A．proved B．phrased C．believed D．threatened 10．A．influence B．fund C．represent D．involve 11．A．honored B．predicted C．coined D．chose 12．A．motivation B．significance C．extinction D．popularity 13．A．mood B．time C．context D．procedure 14．A．shifts B．balance C．livelihood D．trends 15．A．usage B．pronunciation C．originality D．meaning 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了伟大的剧作家莎士比亚的戏剧流行至今的原因以及对语言的影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚的戏剧仍然是世界上所有剧作家中被翻译最多、被演出最多的。A. selected选择；B. performed表演；C. exchanged交换；D. gained获得。根据下文“of any playwright’s in the world”以及语境可知，这里说的是莎士比亚的戏剧在世界范围内被广泛演出，performed符合语境。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你问人们是什么导致了莎士比亚的持久受欢迎，你会得到许多不同的答案。A. false错误的；B. curious好奇的；C. individual个人的；D. lasting持久的。根据上文“not of an age, but for all time”以及语境可知，莎士比亚的作品是永恒的，lasting popularity，表示“持久的受欢迎度”，符合语境。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人可能会说魅力在于他诗歌的优美。A. magic魅力，魔力；B. intelligence智慧；C. failure失败；D. count总数。根据下文“lies in the beauty of his poetry”以及语境可知，此处指莎士比亚作品的魅力所在，magic符合语境。故选A。 4．考查短语辨析。句意：因此，他们声称，他能够创作出大量非凡的作品。A. In a word总之；B. As a consequence因此；C. By contrast相比之下；D. To some degree在某种程度上。根据上文“he was born in a lively period of England’s history”以及语境可知，前文提到他出生在英国历史上一个活跃的时期，所以这里表示结果，用As a consequence符合语境。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后这个解释似乎有点不令人满意。A. possible可能的；B. convincing有说服力的；C. unsatisfactory不令人满意的；D. boring无聊的。根据下文“A more interesting answer”可知，作者认为前面的解释不够好，unsatisfactory符合语境。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：布鲁姆认为，莎士比亚在他的作品中给了我们一些在文学中前所未有的东西：有强烈个性的人物。A. human人类；B. literature文学；C. history历史；D. advertisement广告。根据上文“in his writing”以及语境可知，这里说的是莎士比亚在文学作品方面的创新，in literature，表“在文学领域”，符合语境。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些栩栩如生的人物让我们真正洞察了人性。A. nature本性，本质；B. implication含义；C. factor因素；D. resources资源。根据上文“These lifelike characters gave us a real insight into the human”以及语境可知，这里指通过这些角色可以了解人性，human nature，表“人性”，符合文意，故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过这样的人物之口，我们了解到了我们都能认同的关于生活的真理。A. qualify for有资格；B. judge from根据…… 判断；C. specialize in专门研究；D. identify with认同。根据上文“truths about life”以及语境可知，这里指读者能够认同这些关于生活的真理，identify with符合语境。故选D。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些真理通过简洁而富有诗意的措辞方式变得更加动人，更令人难忘。A. proved证明；B. phrased措辞，表述；C. believed相信；D. threatened威胁。根据下文“briefly and poetically”以及语境可知，这里说的是真理的表达方式，phrased符合语境。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚已经去世近 400 年了，但归功于他的词汇和说法仍然影响着今天的英语语言。A. influence影响；B. fund资助；C. represent代表；D. involve涉及。根据下文“Shakespeare’s influence on everyday language”可知，这里说的是莎士比亚对英语语言的影响，influence符合语境。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以不管你是 “时髦的” 还是 “伪善的”，都要感谢莎士比亚，这些词可能是他创造的。A. honored尊敬；B. predicted预测；C. coined创造（新词语）；D. chose选择。根据下文“the terms”以及语境可知，这里说这些词汇是莎士比亚创造的，coin有“创造（新词语）”的意思，符合语境。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克罗恩对幸存下来的莎士比亚语言比对其受欢迎的原因更感兴趣。A. motivation动机；B. significance意义；C. extinction灭绝；D. popularity受欢迎。根据上文“But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeare’s 　2　 popularity, you will get a number of different answers”提到人们探讨莎士比亚作品受欢迎的原因，这里与之对比，说麦克罗恩更关注语言本身而非其受欢迎的原因，popularity符合语境。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据他的研究，这些说法中的一些一旦脱离了它们最初出现的戏剧的语境，其含义就与原来略有不同。A. mood情绪；B. time时间；C. context语境；D. procedure程序。根据上文“some of these sayings are slightly different from their original meaning”以及语境可知，这里说的是词汇在戏剧中的语境，脱离语境后意思会变化，context符合语境。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些技术细节，但仍值得注意的是，莎士比亚的许多词汇在从他们那个时代到现在的语言的巨大转变中幸存了下来。A. shifts转变，变化；B. balance平衡；C. livelihood生计；D. trends趋势。根据下文“in language between their time and the present day”以及语境可知，这里指语言随时间的巨大转变，shifts符合语境。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些词汇的美妙之处当然是一个原因，但正如约翰逊所说，是它们含义的人性和持久影响让它们有了生命力。A. usage用法；B. pronunciation发音；C. originality独创性；D. meaning意义。根据上文“it is still remarkable that so many of Shakespeare’s words have survived the large 　14　 in language between their time and the present day”提到一些词汇脱离语境意思会变化，这里说的是词汇含义的影响，meaning符合语境。故选D。 话题4 历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Have you ever told yourself, “Just five more minutes” before bed, only to find yourself still awake an hour later? If so, you’re not 1 . Sleep procrastination (拖延症) — delaying bedtime despite knowing the consequences — isn’t unusual. Some might 2 a lack of self-discipline. But the truth is, sleep procrastination is more complex than just poor time management. Both psychological and emotional factors make it difficult to 3 go to bed earlier. During the day, we are busy with 4 : school, homework, chores and endless tasks. By the time night rolls around, we finally feel 5 our time, so we stay up late as a form of rebellion (反抗). It’s not just bedtime procrastination; it’s revenge (报复) procrastination. Instead of resting, we seek out distractions: scrolling through social media, binge-watching or playing games. These activities might 6 stress, but here’s the kicker: Staying up late doesn’t actually make you feel better. Instead, it leaves you looking and feeling 7 , squinting (眯着眼看) at the classroom whiteboard, wondering if it’s a secret code that you’re too tired to crack. The problem is that most of these activities are designed to keep us 8 . Social media apps, video platforms and even games trigger dopamine releases, making it hard to stop. Our brains want the next small hit of pleasure five minutes after another, even though our bodies are begging for sleep. It’s an unfavorable 9 . But it’s one that we can break. We need to redefine relaxation by creating moments of pleasure during the day, so we don’t feel the need to steal “me-time” at night. We should form a 10 routine: dim the lights. 11 and wind down with a book or a calming activity. Overstimulating activities, like action movies, intense gaming or heated debates on social media right before bed, should be avoided. 12 , we ought to treat sleep like a luxury instead of just a way to 13 for the next day. Start regarding it as an all-expenses-paid vacation to Dreamland. Cozy blankets? Check. Fluffy pillows? Check. Waking up feeling like an actual human? Priceless. Revenge bedtime procrastination might seem like a small victory, but the real win is waking up feeling 14 . So tonight, when that “five more minutes” voice starts whispering, tell it: “nice try, but I choose self-care and functioning brain cells instead.” Believe me, your 15 self will thank you for it. 1．A．unique B．alone C．anxious D．guilty 2．A．name it after B．attribute it to C．blame it for D．assign it to 3．A．simply B．directly C．reluctantly D．timely 4．A．adventures B．opportunities C．responsibilities D．challenges 5．A．in place of B．in need of C．in favor of D．in control of 6．A．calm B．relieve C．ignore D．worsen 7．A．relaxed B．confused C．exhausted D．energized 8．A．bored B．attentive C．hooked D．satisfied 9．A．system B．rhythm C．cycle D．hobby 10．A．sleep-friendly B．health-focused C．time-saving D．energy-consuming 11．A．check messages B．lower volume C．avoid screens D．take notes 12．A．For example B．In addition C．In comparison D．Most importantly 13．A．recharge B．refill C．reshape D．replace 14．A．frustrated B．annoyed C．amused D．refreshed 15．A．future B．present C．past D．former 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡前拖延（报复性拖延）很常见，因白天忙，晚上想掌控时间，而熬夜刷手机等致疲惫，需建睡前习惯，视睡眠为奢侈享受。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，那你并不孤单。A. unique独特的；B. alone孤单的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. guilty内疚的。根据后文“Sleep procrastination — delaying bedtime despite knowing the consequences — isn’t unusual.(睡眠拖延症——明知会带来不良后果却仍推迟就寝时间——这种情况并不少见)”可知，睡眠拖延症并不少见，所以有这种情况你并不是孤单一个人。故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人可能会将其归因于缺乏自律。A. name it after以……命名；B. attribute it to归因于；C. blame it for因……责备；D. assign it to指派。根据后文“a lack of self-discipline”可知，有人把睡眠拖延症归因于缺乏自律。故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论是心理因素还是情绪因素，都使得人们难以轻易地早点上床睡觉。A. simply仅仅；B. directly直接地；C. reluctantly不情愿地；D. timely及时地。根据上文“sleep procrastination is more complex than just poor time management.”以及“Both psychological and emotional factors make it difficult to”可知，睡眠拖延问题远不止是时间管理不当这么简单，无论是心理因素还是情绪因素，都使得人们难以轻易地早点上床睡觉。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：白天里，我们忙于各种责任：上学、做作业、做家务以及无尽的任务。A. adventures冒险；B. opportunities机会；C. responsibilities责任；D. challenges挑战。根据后文“school, homework, chores and endless tasks”指白天忙于各种责任，故选C。 5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：等到夜幕降临的时候，我们终于开始掌控自己的时间了，于是我们就选择熬夜，以此作为一种反抗的方式。A. in place of代替；B. in need of需要；C. in favor of赞成；D. in control of控制。根据上文“During the day, we are busy with”以及“By the time night rolls around, we finally feel”可知，熬夜让我们开始掌控自己的时间，故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些活动或许能缓解压力，但关键在于：熬夜并不会真的让你感觉好起来。A. calm平静的；B. relieve缓解；C. ignore忽视；D. worsen恶化。根据上文“It’s not just bedtime procrastination; it’s revenge procrastination. Instead of resting, we seek out distractions: scrolling through social media, binge-watching or playing games.(这不仅仅是睡前拖延的问题，更是报复性的拖延。我们不再休息，而是寻找各种消遣方式：浏览社交媒体、一口气看完剧集或者玩游戏)”可知，晚上熬夜是为了缓解白天的压力，故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这会让你看起来和感觉上都十分疲惫，你得眯着眼睛盯着教室的黑板，心里琢磨着那上面是不是有什么秘密密码，只是因为你太累了而无法解开。A. relaxed放松的；B. confused困惑的；C. exhausted疲惫的；D. energized有活力的。根据后文“you’re too tired to crack”可知，熬夜会让人疲惫。故选C。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：问题在于，这些活动大多都是为了让我们持续沉迷其中而设计的。A. bored厌倦的；B. attentive专心的；C. hooked入迷的；D. satisfied满足的。根据后文“Social media apps, video platforms and even games trigger dopamine releases, making it hard to stop. Our brains want the next small hit of pleasure five minutes after another, even though our bodies are begging for sleep.(社交媒体应用、视频平台以及各类游戏都会促使大脑释放多巴胺，让人难以自拔。我们的大脑渴望在片刻之后再次获得那短暂的愉悦感，而此时我们的身体却在迫切地渴望睡眠)”可知，这些活动大多都是为了让我们持续沉迷其中而设计的。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个不利的循环。A. system系统；B. rhythm韵律；C. cycle循环；D. hobby爱好。根据上文“Our brains want the next small hit of pleasure five minutes after another, even though our bodies are begging for sleep.(我们的大脑渴望在片刻之后再次获得那短暂的愉悦感，而此时我们的身体却在迫切地渴望睡眠)”可知，身体和大脑的追求不同，形成了不利的循环。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们应该养成有利于睡眠的习惯：调暗灯光，避免接触电子屏幕，然后通过阅读或进行一些放松的活动来放松身心。A. sleep-friendly有助于睡眠的；B. health-focused关注健康的；C. time-saving节约时间的；D. energy-consuming耗能的。后文“and wind down with a book or a calming activity”主要是为了营造有利于睡眠的习惯，故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该养成有利于睡眠的习惯：调暗灯光，避免接触电子屏幕，然后通过阅读或进行一些放松的活动来放松身心。A. check messages查看信息；B. lower volume降低音量；C. avoid screens避免使用屏幕设备；D. take notes记笔记。上文“Social media apps, video platforms and even games trigger dopamine releases, making it hard to stop.(社交媒体应用、视频平台以及各类游戏都会促使大脑释放多巴胺，让人难以自拔)”提到手机应用导致无法睡眠，所以应该避免使用屏幕设备。故选C。 12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，我们应当将睡眠视为一种奢侈享受，而不能仅仅将其视为为第二天补充精力的一种方式。A. For example例如；B. In addition此外；C. In comparison相比之下；D. Most importantly更重要的是。后文“we ought to treat sleep like a luxury”是对上文的补充说明，故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们应当将睡眠视为一种奢侈享受，而不能仅仅将其视为为第二天补充精力的一种方式。A. recharge充电，补充精力；B. refill再装满；C. reshape重塑；D. replace取代。根据上文“sleep like a luxury instead of just a way to”可知，睡眠不应该只是被看做为第二天补充精力的一种方式。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：报复性地拖延就寝时间或许看起来只是一个小胜利，但真正的胜利在于醒来时精神焕发。A. frustrated沮丧的；B. annoyed生气的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. refreshed恢复精神的。根据上文“Waking up feeling like an actual human? Priceless.(醒来时感觉自己真的像个正常人了？这感觉太美妙了)”可知，睡眠可以醒来精神焕发。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相信我，未来的你一定会为此而感谢的。A. future未来；B. present目前；C. past过去；D. former模型。后文“self will thank you for it”为一般将来时，所以是建议现在就开始好好睡眠，未来的自己会感谢这一行动。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 1 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 2 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 3 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 4 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 5 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 6 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 7 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 8 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 9 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 10 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 11 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 12 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 13 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 14 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 15 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 1．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 2．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 3．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 4．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 5．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 6．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 7．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 8．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 9．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 10．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 11．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 12．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 13．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 14．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 15．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了随着人工智能的发展，其对人类就业的威胁以及人类仍具有优势的工作领域，强调在动态、多变环境且包含不可预测任务的工作更能避免被人工智能取代。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一些专家表示，随着人工智能即将无处不在，这种威胁正在成为现实：机器人真的要来抢夺一些工作岗位了。A. issue问题；B. threat威胁；C. ambition抱负；D. target目标。根据上文“there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs”可知，此处指新机器抢夺人类工作岗位的威胁正在成为现实。故选B项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：高盛2023年3月的一份报告估计，能够生成内容的人工智能可以完成目前由人类完成的所有工作的四分之一。A. temporarily暂时地；B. potentially潜在地；C. currently目前；D. probably可能。根据语境和下文“done by humans.”可知，此处是说人工智能能完成目前人类所做工作的四分之一，currently符合语义。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告进一步指出，在欧盟和美国，3亿个工作岗位可能会因自动化而消失。A. automation自动化；B. revolution革命；C. imagination想象；D. information信息。根据上文“AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work...done by humans.”可知，提到人工智能对人类工作的威胁，这里指工作岗位因自动化（人工智能属于自动化范畴）而消失。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：《机器人规则：人工智能将如何改变一切》一书的作者马丁·福特说，这不仅仅会发生在个人身上，而且可能是系统性的。A. individuals个人；B. white collars白领；C. manual workers体力劳动者；D. designers设计师。根据下文“but it could be pretty systemic”以及“it could happen to a lot of people”以及“those individuals”可知，这里强调不只是个人会受影响，而是很多人，具有系统性。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅对那些个人，而且对整个经济都有影响。A. benefits益处；B. comments评论；C. fascinations魅力；D. implications影响。上文“the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost”提到大量工作岗位可能消失，可知这对个人和经济都会产生影响。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. receive收到；B. propose提议；C. issue发布，发出；D. cancel取消。根据下文“their warnings”可知，是专家发出警告，issue符合语境。故选C项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. indifferently冷漠地；B. distinctly独特地；C. deliberately故意地；D. collaboratively合作地。根据下文“human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking”可知，情商和创造性思维是人类独特的品质。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向以这些技能为核心的工作岗位有助于降低被取代的可能性。A. increase增加；B. lessen减少；C. seize抓住；D. treasure珍视。根据上文“AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve... human qualities”可知，提到人工智能无法完成涉及独特人类品质的任务，所以从事这类工作能减少被取代几率。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：福特说：“我认为在可预见的未来，一般来说有三个类别相对不受影响。”A. contents内容；B. preferences偏好；C. factors因素；D. categories类别。根据下文提到的“The first...The second...The third...”可知，这里指三个工作类别。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先是真正具有创造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，或者只是重新整理一些东西，而是真正提出新的想法并构建新的东西。A. traditional传统的；B. physical体力的；C. creative创造性的；D. mental脑力的。根据“you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new”可知，此处指具有创造性的工作。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接着说，第二个安全区是需要复杂人际关系的工作。A. distant遥远的；B. foreseeable可预见的；C. simple简单的；D. sophisticated复杂的。根据下文“where you need a very deep ....of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”可知，这些工作需要深入了解人，建立关系，所以是复杂的人际关系。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，这些工作“需要对人有非常深入的理解。我认为，人工智能要具备以真正建立关系的方式进行互动的能力，还需要很长时间”。A. administration管理；B. development发展；C. understanding理解；D. misinterpretation误解。上文“require..interpersonal relationships.”提到需要复杂人际关系的工作，可知这里指深入理解人。故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：福特说，第三个安全区“是那些在不可预测的环境中真正需要大量移动性、灵活性和解决问题能力的工作”。A. unpredictable不可预测的；B. dangerous危险的；C. controllable可控制的；D. noisy嘈杂的。根据下文“These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time”可知，总是面对新情况，所以是不可预测的环境。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. position职位；B. occupation职业；C. income收入；D. industry行业。根据上文“in jobs”可知，这里强调无论什么行业的工作都可能有部分被自动化，故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. engineer工程师；B. technology技术；C. potential潜力；D. tendency趋势。根据上文提到人工智能对工作的影响，并结合上文“are likely to be automated”可知，这里指被人工智能这项技术自动化。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off (解雇). Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are 1 in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off 2 are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) 3 step to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, 4 , shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how 5 can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not 6 ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid 7 sadness in their online posts. 8 , they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her being fired. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am 9 about keeping working.” Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as “ 10 ”. Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing 11 information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, 12 her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She 13 in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her 14 for job opportunities. She was 15 by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 1．A．maintained B．advocated C．expected D．disciplined 2．A．travellers B．bikers C．individuals D．employers 3．A．risky B．false C．dangerous D．effective 4．A．on the whole B．in particular C．as a result D．for example 5．A．shelters B．failures C．achievements D．promotions 6．A．directly B．gratefully C．randomly D．commonly 7．A．funding B．displaying C．overlooking D．doubting 8．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Meanwhile 9．A．flexible B．passionate C．alert D．confused 10．A．accidental B．romantic C．stressful D．amazing 11．A．classified B．statistical C．detailed D．timely 12．A．publicized B．negotiated C．battled D．caused 13．A．specialized B．believed C．engaged D．investigated 14．A．request B．priority C．signal D．praise 15．A．shut up B．logged out C．called off D．tracked down 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分享了多个真实案例，表明越来越多被裁员工通过社交媒体宣布被解雇的信息，以真诚态度分享经历、展示能力，快速获得新工作机会。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司，如网飞、特斯拉和摩根大通，都宣布了裁员，科技、航空航天和旅游业预计也将有更多裁员。A. maintained维持；B. advocated提倡；C. expected预期；D. disciplined训练。根据上文“Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs”和下文“in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors”可知，在描述完娱乐、汽车和金融行业的公司裁员的现状后，此处指预计科技、航空航天和旅游业有更多裁员。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多最近被解雇的个人转向社交媒体平台分享他们的经历，寻找新的就业机会。A. travellers旅行者；B. bikers骑行者；C. individuals个人；D. employers雇主。根据上文“Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs”可知，此处指那些被公司解雇的个人。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾经被认为是令人尴尬的禁忌，现在却成为展示一个人的坚韧和准备迎接新挑战的有效步骤。A. risky冒险的；B. false虚假的；C. dangerous危险的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off (解雇).”可知，在社交媒体上宣布自己被解雇可以很快找到工作，因此是指成为有效步骤。故选D。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，Nathan Felt在失去了Guaranteed Rate产品设计总监的职位后，在网上分享了他的裁员经历。A. on the whole总体而言；B. in particular特别；C. as a result因此；D. for example例如。根据上文“However, many recently laid-off ___2___ are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities.”和“Nathan Felt”可知，上一段总的描述被解雇的人求职的方法，本段开始用具体的案例进行说明，此处用for example“例如”引出Nathan Felt的案例。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在表达失望的同时，也展现了未来的希望，并发布了一期播客，探讨失败如何带来成长机会。A. shelters庇护所；B. failures失败；C. achievements成就；D. promotions晋升。根据上文“after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate”可知，Nathan失去了Guaranteed Rate产品设计总监的职位，此处指这一失败经历如何带来成长机会。故选B。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的帖子没有直接寻求工作，但收到了许多回复，其中包括几份工作邀请。A. directly直接地；B. gratefully感激地；C. randomly随机地；D. commonly通常地。根据上文“He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how ___5___ can lead to growth opportunities.”可知，Nathan在帖子中表达的是个人的情绪和观点，并未直接寻求工作。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：职业教练建议求职者避免在网络帖子中显露出悲伤。A. funding资助；B. displaying显露；C. overlooking忽视；D. doubting怀疑。根据下文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”可知，职业教练建议失去工作的人表达对以前工作的感激之情，并表达对新机会的渴望，因此是要避免显露出悲伤。故选B。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们建议表达对以前工作的感激之情，并表达对新机会的渴望。A. Instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid ___7___ sadness in their online posts.”可知，上一句提到职业教练建议避免的事项，本句提供替代性的方法，前后是转折关系，应用Instead“相反”引出下文。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道，“如果你听说了什么，我是一个可爱的制片人，我对继续工作充满热情。”A. flexible灵活的；B. passionate热情的；C. alert警觉的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities”可知，职业教练建议失去工作的人表达对新机会的渴望，此处是呼应eagerness，Liz写的是自己对继续工作充满热情。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在24小时内，她收到了大量回复，其中一个变成了工作邀请，她说这“太棒了”。A. accidental偶然的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. stressful有压力的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据上文“Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer”可知，Liz在分享自己的消息后很快就收到了大量回复，其中一个变成了工作邀请，这会让失去工作的她惊叹，她会说这“太棒了”。故选D。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他通过社交媒体成功找到新工作的人强调提供详细信息的重要性，比如职位、经验水平以及他们对团队的价值。A. classified分类的；B. statistical统计的；C. detailed详细的；D. timely及时的。根据下文“such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team”可知，职位、经验水平以及他们对团队的价值都是应该提供的详细信息。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sarah Nelson在一家旧金山公司从事人力资源工作，她在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被解雇的消息。A. publicized公开；B. negotiated协商；C. battled斗争；D. caused引起。根据上文“One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off (解雇).”可知，在社交媒体上宣布自己被解雇可以很快找到工作，此处是呼应开头的announce，指Sarah在社交媒体平台上公布了自己被解雇的消息。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与几家公司进行了洽谈。A. specialized专门；B. believed相信；C. engaged参与；D. investigated调查。根据上文“her layoff from a San Francisco firm”和下文“in conversations with several companies”可知，失去工作正在求职的Sarah应该是与几家公司进行洽谈，寻找合适的工作机会，engaged in conversations表示“参与谈话”。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在求职请求中加入了“hmu”（“hit me up”，意思是“联系我”）一词。A. request请求；B. priority优先；C. signal信号；D. praise赞扬。根据上文“Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role.”可知，Silvia明确表示了自己寻找的职位，因此是在求职请求中加入了“联系我”一词。故选A。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几位专业人士很快就在网上找到了她，到目前为止，她已经有了几次初步的交谈。A. shut up闭嘴；B. logged out注销；C. called off取消；D. tracked down搜寻到。根据下文“she has had a few initial conversations so far”可知，Silvia已经有了几次初步的交谈，因此她是被几位专业人士搜寻到。故选D。 话题5 科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海·期中）Unwrapping your shopping to find you have bought moldy bread, rotten fruit and sour milk could soon become a thing of the past, thanks to the range of emerging active packaging’ technologies. While traditional packaging simply 1 barrier that protects food, active packaging can do a lot more. Some materials interact with the product to 2 it in some way, or provide better information on the state it is in. 3 , they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures. One of the new breeds of packaging technologies that has just gone on the market in France is a “time temperature indicator”. Stores where the product has already been introduced report that far fewer consumers are returning 4 food. The indicator is basically a label that 5 the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long. The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle. The central ring contains a chemical which polymerizes (聚合), changing color as it does so from clear to 6 .If the package stays cool, the reaction is slow, but increasing the temperature speeds up the polymerization. When the inner circle darkens, it means the product is no longer 7 fresh. Smart packaging can also control the 8 inside a container. For instance, the make-up of oxygen and carbon dioxide within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness. This can be 9 to control in a sealed package, since vegetables consume more oxygen and give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer. A firm in California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls “Intelimer”, which changes its permeability (渗透性) as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different products at their best O2/CO2 10 . Decay can also be 11 by controlling the environment inside a package with an “oxygen scavenger (清除剂)”. 12 , this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package — any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidizes. However, consumers don’t 13 finding small bags marked “Don’t eat” in their food, so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen. The material includes an inner layer of an oxidizable polymer that 14 oxygen in the same way as iron. It is predicted that between 20 and 40 percent of all food packaging will soon be 15 . 1．A．acts as B．belongs to C．deals with D．relies on 2．A．change B．improve C．isolate D．promote 3．A．Even so B．For instance C．In consequence D．What’s more 4．A．broken B．inadequate C．spoilt D．unnecessary 5．A．forecasts B．lowers C．maintains D．tracks 6．A．neutral B．blocked C．dark D．unclear 7．A．guaranteed B．observed C．purchased D．required 8．A．atmosphere B．effectiveness C．temperature D．hygiene 9．A．possible B．hard C．quick D．convenient 10．A．components B．concentrations C．regulations D．implements 11．A．taken on B．wiped out C．turned away D．slowed down 12．A．Theoretically B．Luckily C．Surprisingly D．Currently 13．A．avoid B．mind C．like D．consider 14．A．creates B．maintains C．kills D．traps 15．A．friendly B．appealing C．active D．flexible 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了活性包装技术如何通过智能化手段解决传统食品保鲜难题。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统包装仅仅充当一个屏障来保护食物，而活性包装可以做更多。A. acts as充当；B. belongs to属于；C. deals with处理；D. relies on依赖。根据后文“barrier that protects food”可知，此处指的是传统包装的作用，即“充当”屏障。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些材料会与产品反应，以某种方式改善它，或者提供更好的状态信息。A. change改变；B. improve提升，改善；C. isolate隔离；D. promote促进。根据后文“or provide better information on the state it is in”可知，一些材料提供更好的状态信息，应该会改善产品。故选B项。 3．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，它们可以吸收包装内的氧气，以帮助防止食物变质，或者显示像红肉和鸡肉这样的潜在危险食物是否在不安全的温度下储存。A. Even so即使如此；B. For instance例如；C. In consequence因此；D. What’s more而且。前文概括性描述后需举例说明，For instance引出具体功能。故选B项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已采用该产品的商店报告称，消费者退货变质食品的情况大幅减少。A. broken破损的；B. inadequate不足的；C. spoilt变质的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据前文“far fewer consumers are returning”可知，消费者退货肯定是因为食品变质。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该标签追踪包装所保持的温度以及持续时间。A. forecasts预测；B. lowers降低；C. maintains维持；D. tracks追踪。根据后文“the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long”可知，此处指的是标签记录（追踪）温度和时间。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中心环内有一种化学物质，这种物质会发生聚合反应，同时颜色也会随之变化，从透明变为深色。A. neutral中性的；B. blocked堵塞的；C. dark深色的；D. unclear模糊的。根据下文的“When the inner circle darkens”可知，发生反应时，中心环的颜色会从透明变为深色。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当内环变深色，意味着产品不再保证新鲜。A. guaranteed保证；B. observed观察；C. purchased购买；D. required要求。根据前文的“speeds up the polymerization”可知，此处指的是产品不再保证新鲜。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：智能包装还能控制容器内的气体环境。A. atmosphere气体环境；B. effectiveness效果；C. temperature温度；D. hygiene卫生。后文的“the make-up of oxygen and carbon dioxide within packaged vegetables”明确指气体成分。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在密封包装中控制这一点很困难。A. possible可能的；B. hard困难的；C. quick快速的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文的“since vegetables consume more oxygen and give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer”可知，此处指的是在密封包装中很难控制。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一家位于加利福尼亚的公司正在尝试用一种名为“Intelimer”的包装来解决这个问题，该包装会随着温度的变化改变其渗透性，以保持不同产品在其最佳的O2/CO2浓度。A. components组成部分；B. concentrations浓度；C. regulations规定；D. implements实施。根据前文“O2/CO2”可知，此处指的是浓度，且“keep at their best”需量化控制。故选B项。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过使用“氧气吸收剂”来控制包裹内的环境，也可以减缓物品的腐烂速度。A. taken on承担；B. wiped out消灭；C. turned away拒绝；D. slowed down减缓。后文“oxygen scavenger”技术目的为延缓氧化，“slow down”准确描述过程延缓。故选D项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前，这是通过在包装中放置一个小袋子，里面装有铁粉来实现的——包装中的任何氧气都会被铁氧化时消耗掉。A. Theoretically理论上；B. Luckily幸运地；C. Surprisingly惊人地；D. Currently当前。后文“so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen”说明铁粉袋是现有方案，Currently表时间状态。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但消费者不喜欢在食品中发现标有“勿食”的小袋子。A. avoid避免；B. mind介意；C. like喜欢；D. consider考虑。根据转折副词“however”和“consumers don’t”可知，此处指的是消费者的负面体验，“don’t like”符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该材料包含一个可氧化的聚合物内层，以与铁相同的方式捕获氧气。A. creates创造；B. maintains维持；C. kills杀死；D. traps捕获。根据前文的“consumes oxygen”可知，此处指的是捕获氧气。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：预计20% — 40%的食品包装将很快变为活性包装。A. friendly友好的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. active活性的；D. flexible灵活的。结合语境，以及全文核心话题为“active packaging”，词汇复现，可推知此处指活性包装。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·上海·月考）People often say that “failure is the mother of success.” This cliché (陈词滥调) might have some truth to it, but it 1 tells us how to actually turn a loss into a win, says Emmanuel Manalo, a professor of educational psychology at Kyoto University in Japan. As a result, he says, “we know we shouldn’t give up when we fail—but 2 , we do.” Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on 3 failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for 4 success. One study reported, for example, that the sooner and more often students fail at a task, such as building a robot, the sooner they can 5 and improve. Another confirmed that feedback on failures is most 6 when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions. Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not 7 a task. They asked 131 undergraduates to write an essay about their school experiences. Half of the students received 8 for structuring their writing, and half were left to their own devices. All, however, were 9 prior to finishing. Afterward the researchers found that those in the structured group were more motivated to complete their essays, compared with those who lacked guidance—even if the latter were 10 to being done. Knowing how to finish, 11 , was more important than being close to finishing. The researchers dubbed this finding “the Hemingway effect,” for the author’s self-reported 12 to stop writing only when he knew what would happen next in the story—so as to avoid writer’s block when he returned to the page. Manalo believes that learning how to fail temporarily can help people avoid becoming 13 failures at many tasks, such as completing an essay, learning a language or inventing a new technology. Demystifying failure and teaching students not to 14 it make goals more attainable, says Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and supporting inventors. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, 15 that we “should really be thinking of failure as part of a process of going forward toward success.” 1．A．undoubtedly B．vividly C．hardly D．intentionally 2．A．in reality B．by contrast C．with question D．after all 3．A．running into B．accounting for C．contributing to D．benefiting from 4．A．celebrating B．evaluating C．achieving D．predicting 5．A．move forward B．stand by C．dash backward D．run away 6．A．instant B．constructive C．informal D．sincere 7．A．assigning B．reporting C．handling D．completing 8．A．grants B．approval C．instructions D．training 9．A．stopped B．examined C．notified D．guided 10．A．subject B．closer C．devoted D．crucial 11．A．in other words B．moreover C．nevertheless D．in particular 12．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．tendency D．ability 13．A．inevitable B．perceived C．worthwhile D．permanent 14．A．comprehend B．fear C．overcome D．pursue 15．A．adds B．recalls C．doubts D．challenges 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们常说“失败是成功之母”。这句话虽然有一定道理，但并没有告诉我们如何化输为胜。文章主要介绍了日本教育心理学教授Manalo的一项研究表明学生越早失败，他们就能越早前进。告诉我们要教会学生不要害怕失败，这会让目标更容易实现。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：日本京都大学教育心理学教授伊曼纽尔·马纳洛(Emmanuel Manalo)说，这个陈词滥调可能有些道理，但它几乎不能告诉我们如何真正地把失败变成胜利。A. undoubtedly无疑地；B. vividly生动地；C. hardly几乎不；D. intentionally故意地。根据上文“This cliché might have some truth to it but(这个陈词滥调可能有些道理，但是)”可知，此处与上文是转折关系，所以此处用hardly表示“几乎不”能告诉我们如何把失败变成胜利，符合语境。故选C。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，他说，“我们知道失败时不应该放弃——但实际上我们确实放弃了。”A. in reality事实上；B. by contrast相比之下；C. with question带着疑问；D. after all毕竟。分析句意再根据空格前的but可知，此处与上文是转折关系，所以用in reality表示“事实上”我们确实放弃了，符合语境。故选A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：去年12月，马纳洛和瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院的学习科学教授马努·卡普尔在《思维技能与创造力》杂志上合编了一期从失败中获益的特刊。A. running into撞上、遭遇；B. accounting for解释、占比；C. contributing to有助于；D. benefiting from受益于。根据下文“The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide(该问题的15项研究为教师和教育研究人员提供了指南)”并结合上文“how to actually turn a loss into a win”可知，这个特刊是从失败中“受益”的特刊，所以此处在介词on后用benefiting from表示“受益于”符合语境。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该问题的15项研究为教师和教育研究人员获得成功提供了指南。A. celebrating庆祝；B. evaluating评估；C. achieving实现；D. predicting预测。根据空格前的guide和空格后的success可知，介词for后面用achieving表示“实现”成功，构成固定短语achieve success。故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，一项研究报告称，学生在制造机器人等任务中失败得越快、次数越频繁，他们就能越早进步和提高。A. move forward前进、进步；B. stand by袖手旁观；C. dash backward落后；D. run away跑开、逃走。此处用move forward表“进步”与and后面的improve构成并列关系。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一项研究证实，对于失败的反馈，当给予者表现出关怀，接受者准备好承受负面情绪时，是最有建设性的。A. instant立刻的；B. constructive建设性的；C. informal非正式的；D. sincere诚挚的。根据下文的“when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions.(当给予者表现出关怀，接受者准备好经受负面情绪时)”可知，这种情况下对于失败的反馈是最佳状态，即是有建设性意义的。故选B。 7．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：Manalo和他的合著者也贡献了他们自己的研究，专注于克服一种基本的、日常形式的失败：没有完成任务。A. assigning分配；B. reporting报告；C. handling处理；D. completing完成。根据上文的“everyday form of failure”可知，这是一种失败，所以此处用completing与前面的not连用表示“没有完成”任务，符合语境。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一半的学生接受了关于写作结构的指导，另一半则由他们自己决定。A. grants津贴；B. approval赞同；C. instructions指导、说明；D. training培训。根据下文的“structuring their writing(构建他们的写作)”可知，此处应该是指导构建写作，所以此处用instructions表示接受“指导”符合语境。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，所有这些在完成之前都被叫停了。A. stopped停止；B. examined检查；C. notified通知；D. guided指导。根据上文的 however可知，此处是表转折，所以此处用stopped表示“被叫停”符合语境。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后，研究人员发现，与缺乏指导的人相比，结构化组的人更有动力完成他们的论文——即使后者更接近完成。A. subject隶属的，可能受……影响的；B. closer靠近的；C. devoted热衷的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据even if 可知，缺乏知道的人更“接近”完成写作。故选B。 11．考查副词和介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，知道如何完成比接近完成更重要。A. in other words换句话说；B. moreover此外、而且；C. nevertheless然而、不过；D. in particular尤其、特别。分析句式结构可知，此处是插入语，再分析句意，此处用in other words表示“换句话说”符合语境。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员将这一发现命名为“海明威效应”，因为作者自我报告称，只有当他知道故事接下来会发生什么时，他才会有停止写作的倾向，从而避免当他回到页面时出现写作障碍。 A. reluctance不情愿、勉强；B. eagerness渴望、热心；C. tendency趋势、倾向；D. ability能力。根据下文“when he knew what would happen next in the story(当他知道故事接下来会发生什么时)”可知，此处指发展趋势和倾向，所以用tendency表示停止写作的“倾向”，符合语境。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马纳洛认为，学习如何暂时失败可以帮助人们避免在许多任务中成为永久性的失败，比如完成论文、学习一门语言或发明一项新技术。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. perceived感知到的；C. worthwhile值得做的；D. permanent永久的。根据上文“learning how to fail temporarily”及下文“failures at many tasks, such as completing a dissertation, learning a language or inventing a new technology.(在许多任务上的失败，比如完成论文、学习一门语言或发明一项新技术)”可知，学习暂时性的失败可以避免永久的失败，用 permanent表示“永久的”与前文temporarily对应。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：勒梅尔森——麻省理工项目的执行董事斯蒂芬妮·库奇说，揭开失败的神秘面纱，教学生不要害怕失败，可以让目标更容易实现。勒梅尔森-麻省理工项目是一个致力于开发和支持发明家的非营利组织。A. comprehend理解、领悟；B. fear害怕、畏惧；C. overcome克服；D. pursue追求。根据上文“Demystifying failure(解密失败)”和空格前的not可知，此处用fear与前面的not连用表示教给学生不要“害怕”失败，符合语境。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：库奇的工作也出现在特刊上，他补充说，我们“真的应该把失败视为迈向成功的迭代过程的一部分。”A. adds补充说；B. recalls回忆；C. doubts怀疑；D. challenges挑战。根据上文14题可知，库奇已经说了一句话，所以此处用add指“补充说道”。故选A。 Passage 3 （23-$