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专题02 必修第三册Unit1~Unit 3 单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
重点单词及变形
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.loose adj.控制不严的→________adv.宽松地;松散地→loosen v.(使)放松,变松
2.breath n.呼出的气→________v.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
3.concern n.忧虑,担心→________adj.担心的;关切的→________prep.关于
4.________adj.恼怒的,烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→________adj.令人恼怒的
5.adjust v.适应,(使)习惯→________n.调整,调节;适应
6.accident n.意外事件;偶然因素→________adj.偶然的→________adv.偶然地
7.________n.复杂性,错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
8.forgive v.原谅,宽恕→________n.原谅;宽恕
9.criticise v.批评,指责→________n.批评
10.________n.尴尬,难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬
11.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→________adv.坦率地;老实说
12.independent adj.独立的→________n.独立
重点单词用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. fit in with 适应;符合;与……一致
(1) difficulties ______________ with others 和别人相处遇到的困难
(2) ______________adj. 合适的;健康的
(3) fit vt. & vi. 合身,合适,安装
(4) be fit ______________适合;胜任
(5) be fit ______________... 适合做……
2. turn to 向……求助
(1) turn ______________到达,露面
(2) turn ______________拒绝
(3) turn ______________翻转
(4) turn ______________结果是,生产
3. be crazy about 对……着迷,热衷于
(1) I'm crazy ______________basketball. 我对篮球很着迷。
(2) ______________crazy 发疯似的
(3) ______________crazy 发疯
(4) ______________sb crazy 使某人发疯
4. let down 使失望,辜负
(1) let ______________更不用说
(2) let ______________放掉;发出;泄露
(3) let ______________使爆炸;允许离开
5. breath n. 呼出的气,呼吸
(1) take ______________deep breath 深吸一口气
(2) ______________one's breath 屏住呼吸
(3) out ______________breath 上气不接下气
(4) ______________v. 呼吸
(5) ______________adj. 气喘吁吁的
6. concern n. 关心;担心 vt. 影响,关系到
(1) ______________one's concerns 提出某人的担忧
(2) ______________adj. 关心的;担心的
(3) be concerned ______________ 关心;挂念
(4) ______________... be concerned 就……而言
(5) ______________prep. 关于
7. as well as 也;和……一样;不但……而且
(1) ______________ well 也,还(常放于句末)
(2) ______________ as well 不妨;还是……为好
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.______________帮一把
2.______________使失望,辜负
3.______________发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
4.______________祸从口出
5.______________吸一口气
6.______________做好分内事,尽责
7.______________对……着迷,热衷于
8.______________冷静下来
9.______________也,又,还
10.______________进展(顺利);解决;算出
11.______________放轻松;别着急
12.______________偶然,意外地
13.______________看不起,轻视
14.______________安顿下来;坐下;平静下来
重点句型
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. which 引导非限制性定语从句
I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, ______________ why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
我对篮球很着迷,也很擅长打篮球,这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。
2. like 引导表语从句
The point guard is a key player, but______________ he wasn't even on the court!
控球后卫是个关键球员,但他好像根本不在场上!
3. 过去分词作状语
______________, I can't concentrate on anything.
又尴尬又羞愧,我无法集中精力做任何事。
4. what 引导表语从句
______________you need to do.
这是你需要做的事情。
5. 宾语从句
Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know ______________.
安妮被这个决定惊呆了,不知道做什么。
语法梳理:过去分词作状语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
语法点01 过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. ______________ the progress he has made, he works harder. 原因状语
由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。
2.______________ more time, we could do it much better. 条件状语
如果多给我们点时间,我们会做得更好。
3.______________, the brave soldier continued to fight. 让步状语
尽管受伤了,那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。
4.______________many times, the problems were settled at last. 时间状语
多次讨论之后,这些问题终于解决了。
5.The old man walked into the room, ______________ his son. 方式/伴随状语
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
语法点02 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
区别
现在分词
过去分词
逻辑关系
与主语是主动关系
与主语是被动关系
时间概念
表示动作同时发生或正在进行
表示动作发生在谓语之前或表示状态
1.He went out, ______________the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。(主动)
2.______________more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励,他本来会表现得更好。(被动)
语法点03 常见的固定过去分词短语作状语
1.______________in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考中,所以他没有听到那个声音。
2.______________in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。
3.______________in red, she looks more beautiful.
穿着红衣服,她看起来更漂亮了。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“人际交往与情绪管理”,重点在于描述人际冲突或情绪困扰,并提出解决建议。写作时,人称以第一人称(I)和第二人称(you)为主,用于表达自己的观点和向对方提出建议;时态以一般现在时为主,用于陈述事实、提出建议和表达普遍真理,描述具体已发生的事件时可使用一般过去时。
谋篇布局
开头
直接陈述问题,表明写信目的。
中间
分析问题产生的原因,并分条提出具体、可行的建议。建议应结合情境,使用丰富的句型和关键词,如“communicate”, “put oneself in others’ shoes”, “resolve conflicts”等,使建议更具针对性和说服力。
结尾
以鼓励性语言结尾,表达祝愿、期待或希望建议有所帮助。
二、写作通用表达
1.描述问题与冲突
(1)I’m sorry to hear that you ____________________________ at the new school.
听说你在新学校交朋友有困难,我很难过。
(2)____________________________ between me and my parents over my study plan.
我和父母在学习计划上发生了严重的冲突。
(3)____________________________calm down when I feel misunderstood.
当我感到被误解时,我很难冷静下来。
2.描述情绪与态度
(1)I____________________________after the argument.
争吵之后,我感到沮丧又孤独。
(2)Sometimes we argue just to ______________, not because we are truly angry.
有时候我们争吵只是为了发泄情绪,并不是真的生气。
(3)______________ before you say something you may regret.
在说出可能让自己后悔的话之前,先试着冷静下来。
3.提出建议与解决方法
(1)______________ communicate openly when a misunderstanding occurs.
当误会发生时,坦诚沟通至关重要。
(2)____________________________ you apologize to your teammate.
我强烈建议你向你的队友道歉。
(3)____________________________ talk about how you feel.
与其互相指责,你们最好谈谈彼此的感受。
4. 表达目标与结果
(1)Learning to forgive ______________resolve a conflict.
学会原谅是解决冲突的最佳方式。
(2)A sincere talk ____________________________ between friends.
一次真诚的交谈有助于消除朋友之间的误解。
(3)____________________________build strong and healthy relationships.
只有这样,我们才能建立牢固而健康的关系。
三、范文背诵(向朋友提出解决与队友冲突的建议)
Dear Jack,
I’m sorry to hear about the conflict between you and your teammate during the basketball game. I can fully understand why you feel frustrated about the situation. Such conflicts are common, yet they can indeed be quite distressing. Here are a few practical suggestions that I hope will be of help to you.
To begin with, it is crucial to calm down and not let anger control your actions. Remember, what happened was probably just an accident. Then, I highly recommend that you take the initiative to communicate with your teammate. Try to put yourself in his shoes and have an honest conversation about what happened. Finally, making an effort to forgive is key. Apologizing if you were at fault, or accepting an apology, can help resolve the conflict quickly.
I hope you will find these suggestions useful. Only by handling conflicts with maturity and empathy, can we hope to maintain lasting and healthy relationships.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 2 Making a difference
重点单词变形
1.________n.贡献→contribute v.贡献;捐助;投稿
2.relief n.减轻,缓解→________v.减轻,缓解
3.________n.短缺,不足,缺乏→short adj.短的;缺少的
4.________adj.有效的,产生预期效果的→effect n.效果
5.earn v.挣(钱)→________n.收入
6.donate v.捐赠,捐献→________n.捐献
7.________n.真实,现实→real adj.真实的→________adv.真正地
8.________n.残疾,残障→disabled adj.残疾的
9.________adj.敏感的,容易生气的→sense n.感官;感觉
10.generous adj.慷慨的,大方的→________n.慷慨,大方
11.hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫→________n.迟疑,犹豫
12.________n.帮助,援助→assist v.帮助,援助
13.________n.登记,注册→register v.登记,注册
14.________n.证实,证明→confirm v.证实,证明
15.temporary adj.短期的,短暂的;临时的→________adv.短期地,短暂地;临时地
16.________n.成绩,成就→achieve v.实现
17.chief adj.最高级别的,首席的→________adv.主要地
18.major adj.重要的,主要的→________n.大多数
19.________n.治疗;疗法→treat v.治疗;对待
重点单词用法精萃
1. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
(1)have ______________(in) doing sth 做某事有困难
(2)have ______________(in) doing sth 做某事有问题
2. be determined to do sth 决心做某事
(1)determine ______________ sth 决定做某事
(2)______________ n. 决心
3. break into a smile 突然笑起来
(1)break ______________破门而入;强行闯入
(2)break______________ 出故障;垮掉
(3)break ______________ 断开,折断,中断
(4)break______________爆发;突然发生
(5)break ______________突然挣脱,脱离
4. set up 建立;设立
(1)set ______________开始做
(2)set ______________出发;引爆
(3)set ______________出发;开始做
5. under control在控制中;情况正常
(1)under ______________正在建设中
(2)under ______________在修理中
(3)under ______________在讨论中
(4)under ______________正在接受治疗
6. give up 放弃,停止
(1)give ______________ 屈服(于),对……做出让步
(2)give ______________发;用光;放出
(3)give ______________赠送;泄露
必背短语
1.______________做某事有麻烦
2.______________决心做某事(表状态)
3.______________突然笑起来
4.______________建立
5.______________从……中受益
6.______________想出;提出
7.______________记录……
8.______________充当……;(为……)工作,服务
9.______________接收
10.______________站起身来
11.______________使……被某人注意
12.______________去世
重点句型
1. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan ______________ the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.
当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时,他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。
2. so...that... 引导结果状语从句
And why is the water ______________ it makes them sick?
为什么水那么脏,以至于使他们生病了?
3. with which 引导的非限制性定语从句
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, ______________ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
几个月之后,瑞恩筹集了那2000美元,用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。
4. 过去分词作定语
In 1988 Winton's wife found a ______________journal at home.
1988年,温顿的妻子在家里发现了一本被遗忘的日记。
5. as 引导的非限制性定语从句
______________the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
正如中国谚语所说的,“仁者长寿”。
语法精讲:动词-ed形式作定语
语法点01 过去分词作定语的两种位置
前置:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
a ______________journal 一本被遗忘的日记
______________blue jeans 褪色的蓝色牛仔裤
______________water 被污染的水
a ______________teacher 一位退休教师
后置:过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
the food ______________by his mother 他妈妈做的食物
the house ______________last year 去年建造的房子
goods ______________from foreign countries 从国外进口的货物
语法点02 过去分词作定语的意义
类型
含义
示例
及物动词的过去分词
语态上表示被动;时间上表示动作已发生或完成
a forgotten journal = a journal ______________
不及物动词的过去分词
只表示动作的完成,不表示被动
faded blue jeans = blue jeans ______________
某些及物动词的过去分词
只有被动意义,无完成意义
the language spoken in Australia = the language ______________
语法点03 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
形式
含义
示例
不定式
将来的动作
paper ______________写字的纸
现在分词
主动、正在进行
people ______________the opening ceremony 观看开幕式的人们
being + 过去分词
被动、正在进行
things ______________正在讨论的事情
过去分词
被动、已完成
products ______________ 由煤制成的产品
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“介绍杰出人物”,重点在于介绍人物的生平、成就、品质及其影响。写作时,人称以第三人称(he/she)为主,用于客观叙述人物的生平事迹;时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主,一般过去时用于描述人物已经完成的事迹和成就,一般现在时用于陈述事实、评价人物品质及其深远影响。
谋篇布局
开头
直接点明要介绍的人物及其身份、地位。
中间
具体展开人物的生平事迹。先介绍其主要成就和贡献(如发明、发现、获奖、创立组织等),说明其工作如何改变了世界或帮助了他人;再描述其在追求目标过程中遇到的困难与挑战(如失败、资源匮乏、身体残疾、社会偏见等)以及如何凭借优秀品质克服困难。
结尾
总结评价人物的历史地位和深远影响,表达从该人物身上获得的启示。
二、写作通用表达
1. 介绍身份与领域
(1)______________1930 in Beijing, Yuan Longping______________ the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
(2)She ______________the Nobel Prize in Medicine ______________her discovery of artemisinin.
她因发现青蒿素而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
2. 描述成就与贡献
(1)His discovery of artemisinin ______________ around the world.
他发现的青蒿素拯救了全世界无数人的生命。
(2)Confucius’ teachings ______________Chinese culture and society.
孔子的思想对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。
3.描述困难与挑战
(1)______________facing tremendous challenges and encountering repeated failures, she never gave up.
尽管面临巨大的挑战,遭遇了一次又一次的失败,她从未放弃。
(2)He ______________ adversity and ______________.
他在逆境中坚持不懈,最终实现了目标。
4.描述品质与精神
(1)His persistent efforts and dedicated spirit ______________.
他坚持不懈的努力和敬业奉献的精神确实令人敬佩。
(2)She ______________young people with her courage and determination.
她用勇气和决心为年轻人树立了榜样。
5.表达影响与启示
(1)______________ pursue my dreams with determination.
他的人生故事激励着我坚定地追求梦想。
(2)______________ true success lies in serving others.
从她身上,我学到了真正的成功在于服务他人。
3、 范文背诵(介绍一位我敬佩的历史人物——郑和)
The person I admire most is Zheng He, a great explorer in Chinese history. Born in 1371 in Yunnan, Zheng He served as a diplomat and naval commander during the Ming Dynasty. He is best known for leading seven maritime expeditions to the Western Oceans.
To begin with, Zheng He’s voyages were remarkable achievements. He commanded huge fleets with hundreds of ships, traveling as far as Africa. These expeditions strengthened friendly relations between China and other countries and spread Chinese culture across the world. Additionally, his journey was full of challenges. Despite facing dangerous storms and unknown waters, he never gave up and successfully completed each voyage.
In conclusion, Zheng He is not only a great explorer but also a symbol of courage and open-mindedness. From his story, I learned that with determination and perseverance, we can overcome any difficulty and make a difference in the world. His spirit inspires me to be brave in pursuing my own dreams.
Unit 3 The world of science
重点单词变形
1.press v.按→________n.压(力);压强;强制
2.capable adj.有能力的→________n.能力
3.desire n.渴望,欲望→________adj.想望的;可取的
4.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→________n.重要性,意义
5.injure v.使受伤,弄伤→________n.伤;损害
6.accurate adj.精确的→________adv.精确地
7.minor adj.小的→________n.少数
8.origin n.起源,起因→________adj.最初的,原始的
9.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→________adv.精神上;智力上
10.________n.声明,宣告→declare v.宣布
11.________adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学
12.________adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的,整个的
13.________n.证明,证据→prove v.证明
重点单词用法精萃
1. addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 此外,另外
(1) in addition 此外
(2) in addition ______________除……之外
(3) ______________adj. 额外的
2. in terms of 依据;按照;在……方面
(1) in the ______________term 从短期来看
(2) in the ______________term 从长远来看
(3) on ______________ with 与……关系良好
3. lead to 导致;通向
(1) lead sb ______________sth 使某人做某事
(2) ______________a happy life 过着幸福的生活
4.press /pres/ v. 按;催促,逼迫
(1) press the button 按按钮
(2) press sb. ______________ sth. 催促某人做某事
(3) ______________n. 压力;under pressure 在压力下
5.shoot /ʃuːt/ v. 射出(光线等),放射;射击,射中
(1) shoot ______________射出
(2) shoot ______________向……射击
(3) ______________n. 射击;a shot in the dark 瞎猜
6.virtual /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的,模拟的
(1) virtual ______________虚拟现实
(2) virtual ______________虚拟世界
7.flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的,可变通的
(1) flexible material 柔韧的材料
(2) be flexible ______________在……方面灵活
(3) ______________adv. 灵活地;______________n. 灵活性
8.compute /kəmˈpjuːt/ v. 计算,估算
(1) compute the result 计算结果
(2) compute ______________估算为
(3) computer n. 电脑;______________n. 计算
9.capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的,能干的
(1) be capable ______________有能力做某事
(2) ______________n. 能力;develop one’s ______________发展能力
10.desire /dɪˈzaɪər/ n. 渴望,欲望 v. 渴望,想要
(1) have a desire ______________渴望……
(2) desire______________ sth. 渴望做某事
(3) ______________adj. 理想的
11.passive /ˈpæsɪv/ adj. 被动的;消极的
(1) passive voice 被动语态
(2) be passive______________ sth. 在做某事时消极
(3) ______________adv. 被动地
12.beyond /bɪˈjɑːnd/ prep. 无法……;超出,越过
(1) beyond one’s ______________超出某人能力
(2) beyond ______________无法形容
13.instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子,实例
(1) ______________instance 例如
(2) ______________this instance 在这种情况下
14.significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的,影响深远的
(1) significant change 重大变化
(2) be significant ______________对……重要
(3) ______________adv. 显著地;______________n. 重要性
必背短语
1.______________除此之外,另外
2.______________别轻易说决不
3.______________代替,而不是
4.______________在……方面;就……而言
5.______________有能力做……
6.______________担任;从事
7.______________导致
8.______________难以辨认
9.______________根据……来命名
10.______________除了……之外(还)
重点句型
1. 现在完成时的被动语态
(1) I guess you ______________about the title of your book before.
我猜你之前被问过关于你的书名的问题。
(2)New inventions like 3D printers ______________ to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
像3D打印机这样的新发明已被用来制造替代心脏和骨骼部件。
(3)Nothing like this ______________yet.
这样的东西还没有被发明出来。
2. what 引导的主语从句
(1)______________ is that we have an incredible desire to think and create.
依然重要的是,我们有一种强烈的欲望去思考和创造。
(2)____________________________ is just sheer joy.
我们从这次冒险中得到的只是纯粹的快乐。
3. that 引导的表语从句
The reason behind this ______________ while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours.
这背后的原因是,一本书通常需要几天读完,而一部电影通常持续不到两小时。
4. whether/if 引导的宾语从句
People wanted to know ______________lightning was really produced by electricity or something else.
人们想知道闪电究竟是由电产生的还是由其他东西产生的。
5. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
However, ______________the story ______________the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而,这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。
6. 强调句型 It is/was... that...
(1)So what______________inspires us to invent things?
那么,是什么激励我们去发明东西呢?
(2)______________ Benjamin Franklin ______________conducted the famous lightning experiment.
是本杰明·富兰克林做了那个著名的闪电实验。
(3)______________ won the US Open?
在美国公开赛上获胜的是谁?
7. 状语从句的省略
When______________applied to medicine in general, Western medicine acts upon the Yin of the body.
当应用于一般医学时,西医作用于身体的阴。
8. with 复合结构
(1)It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, ____________________________.
它能够使用GPS技术前往不同的地方,用计算技术控制它的“腿”。
(2)____________________________, China's image is improving steadily.
随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提升。
9. 将来进行时
(1)This evening, I ______________ to Dr Richard Fairhurst.
今晚,我将和理查德·费尔赫斯特博士交流。
(2)I______________ with my friend at this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候我将正和朋友待在一起。
语法精讲:现在完成时的被动语态
语法点01 构成
肯定式:____________________________
否定式:____________________________
一般疑问式:____________________________
特殊疑问式:____________________________
语法点02 用法
用法
示例
动作已完成,强调对现在的影响
Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.
不知道动作执行者是谁
His bike has been stolen.
动作执行者是泛指
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
动作承受者是谈话中心
My watch has been repaired.
表示委婉、礼貌
Enough has been said here on this question.
动作的执行者不是人
The house has been washed away by the storm.
表示“已经被……”
These flowers have been watered. You can go home.
语法点03常用时间状语
already, yet, recently, lately
since then, ever since
so far, up to now, by now
for a long time
in/during/over the past few years
语法点04注意事项
______________(如 borrow, begin, buy, join, open, start)的现在完成时被动语态不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“科学实验”(科技发展与科学精神)。写作时,人称以第一人称(we/I)或第三人称(the experimenter)为主;时态以一般过去时(描述所做实验)和一般现在时(陈述事实、结论)为主。
谋篇布局
开头
总体介绍实验的目的(用一般现在时或一般过去时)。
中间
介绍实验所需材料和实验过程(用一般过去时,按步骤顺序描述)。
结尾
汇报实验结果,以及实验收获(结果用一般过去时,结论用一般现在时)。
二、写作通用表达
1. 实验目的表达
(1) The ______________of this experiment is/was to find out whether... 本实验的目的是查明是否……
(2) This experiment was ______________with the purpose of discovering... 本实验旨在发现……
(3) We did this experiment ______________ the effect of... on... 我们做这个实验是为了测试……对……的影响
(4) ____________________________: “What happens when...?” 我们想回答的问题是:“当……时会发生什么?”
2. 实验材料表达
(1) The following ______________were used: a..., a..., and some... 使用了以下材料:一个……,一个……,和一些……
(2) ______________, we prepared: ... 为了进行本实验,我们准备了:……
(3) ______________: ... Materials: ... 设备:…… 材料:……
3. 实验步骤表达
(1) First/Firstly, we____________________________... 首先,我们通过……安装设备
(2) Then/Next, we ______________... to... 然后/接着,我们将……加入……
(3) After that, we ______________for 5 minutes. 之后,我们将混合物加热了5分钟
(4) ______________, we recorded the temperature every minute. 同时,我们每分钟记录一次温度
(5) Finally, we ______________the results and wrote down our findings. 最后,我们观察结果并记录下发现
4. 实验结果表达
(1) ______________... changed color/became solid/produced bubbles. 我们观察到/发现……改变了颜色/变成了固体/产生了气泡
(2) ______________... reacted quickly/slowly with... 很明显,……与……反应迅速/缓慢
(3) The data ______________a clear increase/decrease in... 数据显示……有明显增加/减少
(4) The temperature rose from 20°C to 100°C. 温度从20°C上升到100°C
5. 实验结论表达
(1) ______________, this experiment demonstrates/proves that... 总之,本实验证明……
(2) From the results, we can ______________that... 从结果中,我们可以得出结论……
(3) Therefore, our hypothesis was correct/incorrect. 因此,我们的假设是正确/错误的
(4) ______________... is important in our daily life because... 这个实验告诉我们……在日常生活中很重要,因为……
三、范文背诵(科学实验)
A Simple Science Experiment
Last week, during our science class, we conducted an experiment to find out what happens when vinegar is mixed with baking soda.
To conduct this experiment, we prepared the following materials: a glass, some vinegar, baking soda, and a spoon. First, we poured the vinegar into the glass. Then, we added a spoonful of baking soda to the vinegar. After that, we observed what happened carefully.
Soon, we observed that lots of bubbles quickly appeared and rose in the glass. This showed that a chemical reaction was taking place. In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates that mixing an acid with a base produces carbon dioxide gas. Through this simple experiment, we learned that science is all around us and can be both fun and educational.
$专题02 必修第三册Unit1~Unit 3 单元词汇短语句型梳理
Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you
重点单词及变形
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.loose adj.控制不严的→loosely adv.宽松地;松散地→loosen v.(使)放松,变松
2.breath n.呼出的气→breathe v.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
3.concern n.忧虑,担心→concerned adj.担心的;关切的→concerning prep.关于
4.annoyed adj.恼怒的,烦恼的→annoy vt.使恼怒;使生气→annoying adj.令人恼怒的
5.adjust v.适应,(使)习惯→adjustment n.调整,调节;适应
6.accident n.意外事件;偶然因素→accidental adj.偶然的→accidentally adv.偶然地
7.complexity n.复杂性,错综复杂→complex adj.复杂的
8.forgive v.原谅,宽恕→forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕
9.criticise v.批评,指责→criticism n.批评
10.embarrassment n.尴尬,难为情→embarrass vt.使尴尬
11.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地;老实说
12.independent adj.独立的→independence n.独立
重点单词用法精萃
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. fit in with 适应;符合;与……一致
(1) difficulties fitting in with others 和别人相处遇到的困难
(2) fit adj. 合适的;健康的
(3) fit vt. & vi. 合身,合适,安装
(4) be fit for 适合;胜任
(5) be fit to do... 适合做……
2. turn to 向……求助
(1) turn up 到达,露面
(2) turn down 拒绝
(3) turn over 翻转
(4) turn out 结果是,生产
3. be crazy about 对……着迷,热衷于
(1) I'm crazy about basketball. 我对篮球很着迷。
(2) like crazy 发疯似的
(3) go crazy 发疯
(4) drive sb crazy 使某人发疯
4. let down 使失望,辜负
(1) let alone 更不用说
(2) let out 放掉;发出;泄露
(3) let off 使爆炸;允许离开
5. breath n. 呼出的气,呼吸
(1) take a deep breath 深吸一口气
(2) hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
(3) out of breath 上气不接下气
(4) breathe v. 呼吸
(5) breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
6. concern n. 关心;担心 vt. 影响,关系到
(1) raise one's concerns 提出某人的担忧
(2) concerned adj. 关心的;担心的
(3) be concerned about/for 关心;挂念
(4) as far as... be concerned 就……而言
(5) concerning prep. 关于
7. as well as 也;和……一样;不但……而且
(1) as well 也,还(常放于句末)
(2) may/might as well 不妨;还是……为好
必背短语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.help out帮一把
2.let down使失望,辜负
3.let off steam发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
4.loose lips sink ships祸从口出
5.take a breath吸一口气
6.pull one’s weight做好分内事,尽责
7.be crazy about...对……着迷,热衷于
8.calm down冷静下来
9.as well as也,又,还
10.work out进展(顺利);解决;算出
11.take it easy放轻松;别着急
12.by accident偶然,意外地
13.look down on/upon看不起,轻视
14.settle down安顿下来;坐下;平静下来
重点句型
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. which 引导非限制性定语从句
I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.
我对篮球很着迷,也很擅长打篮球,这可能就是我们输掉上一场比赛时我很生气的原因。
2. like 引导表语从句
The point guard is a key player, but it was like he wasn't even on the court!
控球后卫是个关键球员,但他好像根本不在场上!
3. 过去分词作状语
Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything.
又尴尬又羞愧,我无法集中精力做任何事。
4. what 引导表语从句
Here’s what you need to do.
这是你需要做的事情。
5. 宾语从句
Anne was shocked by the decision and did not know what to do.
安妮被这个决定惊呆了,不知道做什么。
语法梳理:过去分词作状语
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
语法点01 过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 原因状语
由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。
2.Given more time, we could do it much better. 条件状语
如果多给我们点时间,我们会做得更好。
3.Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. 让步状语
尽管受伤了,那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续战斗。
4.Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 时间状语
多次讨论之后,这些问题终于解决了。
5.The old man walked into the room, supported by his son. 方式/伴随状语
这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。
语法点02 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别
区别
现在分词
过去分词
逻辑关系
与主语是主动关系
与主语是被动关系
时间概念
表示动作同时发生或正在进行
表示动作发生在谓语之前或表示状态
1.He went out, shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。(主动)
2.Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励,他本来会表现得更好。(被动)
语法点03 常见的固定过去分词短语作状语
1.Lost in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考中,所以他没有听到那个声音。
2.Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。
3.Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.
穿着红衣服,她看起来更漂亮了。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“人际交往与情绪管理”,重点在于描述人际冲突或情绪困扰,并提出解决建议。写作时,人称以第一人称(I)和第二人称(you)为主,用于表达自己的观点和向对方提出建议;时态以一般现在时为主,用于陈述事实、提出建议和表达普遍真理,描述具体已发生的事件时可使用一般过去时。
谋篇布局
开头
直接陈述问题,表明写信目的。
中间
分析问题产生的原因,并分条提出具体、可行的建议。建议应结合情境,使用丰富的句型和关键词,如“communicate”, “put oneself in others’ shoes”, “resolve conflicts”等,使建议更具针对性和说服力。
结尾
以鼓励性语言结尾,表达祝愿、期待或希望建议有所帮助。
二、写作通用表达
1.描述问题与冲突
(1)I’m sorry to hear that you have trouble making new friends at the new school.
听说你在新学校交朋友有困难,我很难过。
(2)A serious conflict occurred between me and my parents over my study plan.
我和父母在学习计划上发生了严重的冲突。
(3)It is difficult for me to calm down when I feel misunderstood.
当我感到被误解时,我很难冷静下来。
2.描述情绪与态度
(1)I felt frustrated and lonely after the argument.
争吵之后,我感到沮丧又孤独。
(2)Sometimes we argue just to let off steam, not because we are truly angry.
有时候我们争吵只是为了发泄情绪,并不是真的生气。
(3)Try to calm down before you say something you may regret.
在说出可能让自己后悔的话之前,先试着冷静下来。
3.提出建议与解决方法
(1)It is crucial to communicate openly when a misunderstanding occurs.
当误会发生时,坦诚沟通至关重要。
(2)I highly recommend that you apologize to your teammate.
我强烈建议你向你的队友道歉。
(3)Rather than blaming each other, you’d better talk about how you feel.
与其互相指责,你们最好谈谈彼此的感受。
4. 表达目标与结果
(1)Learning to forgive is the best way to resolve a conflict.
学会原谅是解决冲突的最佳方式。
(2)A sincere talk can help clear up misunderstandings between friends.
一次真诚的交谈有助于消除朋友之间的误解。
(3)Only in this way can we build strong and healthy relationships.
只有这样,我们才能建立牢固而健康的关系。
三、范文背诵(向朋友提出解决与队友冲突的建议)
Dear Jack,
I’m sorry to hear about the conflict between you and your teammate during the basketball game. I can fully understand why you feel frustrated about the situation. Such conflicts are common, yet they can indeed be quite distressing. Here are a few practical suggestions that I hope will be of help to you.
To begin with, it is crucial to calm down and not let anger control your actions. Remember, what happened was probably just an accident. Then, I highly recommend that you take the initiative to communicate with your teammate. Try to put yourself in his shoes and have an honest conversation about what happened. Finally, making an effort to forgive is key. Apologizing if you were at fault, or accepting an apology, can help resolve the conflict quickly.
I hope you will find these suggestions useful. Only by handling conflicts with maturity and empathy, can we hope to maintain lasting and healthy relationships.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Unit 2 Making a difference
重点单词变形
1.contribution n.贡献→contribute v.贡献;捐助;投稿
2.relief n.减轻,缓解→relieve v.减轻,缓解
3.shortage n.短缺,不足,缺乏→short adj.短的;缺少的
4.effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的→effect n.效果
5.earn v.挣(钱)→earnings n.收入
6.donate v.捐赠,捐献→donation n.捐献
7.reality n.真实,现实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真正地
8.disability n.残疾,残障→disabled adj.残疾的
9.sensitive adj.敏感的,容易生气的→sense n.感官;感觉
10.generous adj.慷慨的,大方的→generosity n.慷慨,大方
11.hesitate v.迟疑,犹豫→hesitation n.迟疑,犹豫
12.assistance n.帮助,援助→assist v.帮助,援助
13.registration n.登记,注册→register v.登记,注册
14.confirmation n.证实,证明→confirm v.证实,证明
15.temporary adj.短期的,短暂的;临时的→temporarily adv.短期地,短暂地;临时地
16.achievement n.成绩,成就→achieve v.实现
17.chief adj.最高级别的,首席的→chiefly adv.主要地
18.major adj.重要的,主要的→majority n.大多数
19.treatment n.治疗;疗法→treat v.治疗;对待
重点单词用法精萃
1. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
(1)have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
(2)have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有问题
2. be determined to do sth 决心做某事
(1)determine to do sth 决定做某事
(2)determination n. 决心
3. break into a smile 突然笑起来
(1)break into 破门而入;强行闯入
(2)break down 出故障;垮掉
(3)break off 断开,折断,中断
(4)break out 爆发;突然发生
(5)break away (from) 突然挣脱,脱离
4. set up 建立;设立
(1)set about 开始做
(2)set off 出发;引爆
(3)set out 出发;开始做
5. under control在控制中;情况正常
(1)under construction 正在建设中
(2)under repair 在修理中
(3)under discussion 在讨论中
(4)under treatment 正在接受治疗
6. give up 放弃,停止
(1)give in (to) 屈服(于),对……做出让步
(2)give out 发;用光;放出
(3)give away 赠送;泄露
必背短语
1.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦
2.be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表状态)
3.break into a smile突然笑起来
4.set up建立
5.benefit from...从……中受益
6.come up with想出;提出
7.keep records of记录……
8.serve as充当……;(为……)工作,服务
9.take in接收
10.rise to one’s feet站起身来
11.bring...to one’s attention使……被某人注意
12.pass away去世
重点句型
1. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.
当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时,他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。
2. so...that... 引导结果状语从句
And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?
为什么水那么脏,以至于使他们生病了?
3. with which 引导的非限制性定语从句
After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
几个月之后,瑞恩筹集了那2000美元,用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。
4. 过去分词作定语
In 1988 Winton's wife found a forgotten journal at home.
1988年,温顿的妻子在家里发现了一本被遗忘的日记。
5. as 引导的非限制性定语从句
As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
正如中国谚语所说的,“仁者长寿”。
语法精讲:动词-ed形式作定语
语法点01 过去分词作定语的两种位置
前置:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
a forgotten journal 一本被遗忘的日记
faded blue jeans 褪色的蓝色牛仔裤
polluted water 被污染的水
a retired teacher 一位退休教师
后置:过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
the food cooked by his mother 他妈妈做的食物
the house built last year 去年建造的房子
goods imported from foreign countries 从国外进口的货物
语法点02 过去分词作定语的意义
类型
含义
示例
及物动词的过去分词
语态上表示被动;时间上表示动作已发生或完成
a forgotten journal = a journal that had been forgotten
不及物动词的过去分词
只表示动作的完成,不表示被动
faded blue jeans = blue jeans that have faded
某些及物动词的过去分词
只有被动意义,无完成意义
the language spoken in Australia = the language that is spoken in Australia
语法点03 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
形式
含义
示例
不定式
将来的动作
paper to write on 写字的纸
现在分词
主动、正在进行
people watching the opening ceremony 观看开幕式的人们
being + 过去分词
被动、正在进行
things being discussed 正在讨论的事情
过去分词
被动、已完成
products made from coal 由煤制成的产品
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“介绍杰出人物”,重点在于介绍人物的生平、成就、品质及其影响。写作时,人称以第三人称(he/she)为主,用于客观叙述人物的生平事迹;时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主,一般过去时用于描述人物已经完成的事迹和成就,一般现在时用于陈述事实、评价人物品质及其深远影响。
谋篇布局
开头
直接点明要介绍的人物及其身份、地位。
中间
具体展开人物的生平事迹。先介绍其主要成就和贡献(如发明、发现、获奖、创立组织等),说明其工作如何改变了世界或帮助了他人;再描述其在追求目标过程中遇到的困难与挑战(如失败、资源匮乏、身体残疾、社会偏见等)以及如何凭借优秀品质克服困难。
结尾
总结评价人物的历史地位和深远影响,表达从该人物身上获得的启示。
二、写作通用表达
1. 介绍身份与领域
(1)Born in 1930 in Beijing, Yuan Longping is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
(2)She won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin.
她因发现青蒿素而获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
2. 描述成就与贡献
(1)His discovery of artemisinin has saved countless lives around the world.
他发现的青蒿素拯救了全世界无数人的生命。
(2)Confucius’ teachings have had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society.
孔子的思想对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。
3.描述困难与挑战
(1)Despite facing tremendous challenges and encountering repeated failures, she never gave up.
尽管面临巨大的挑战,遭遇了一次又一次的失败,她从未放弃。
(2)He persevered in adversity and finally achieved his goal.
他在逆境中坚持不懈,最终实现了目标。
4.描述品质与精神
(1)His persistent efforts and dedicated spirit are truly admirable.
他坚持不懈的努力和敬业奉献的精神确实令人敬佩。
(2)She set a good example for young people with her courage and determination.
她用勇气和决心为年轻人树立了榜样。
5.表达影响与启示
(1)His life story inspires me to pursue my dreams with determination.
他的人生故事激励着我坚定地追求梦想。
(2)From her, I learned that true success lies in serving others.
从她身上,我学到了真正的成功在于服务他人。
3、 范文背诵(介绍一位我敬佩的历史人物——郑和)
The person I admire most is Zheng He, a great explorer in Chinese history. Born in 1371 in Yunnan, Zheng He served as a diplomat and naval commander during the Ming Dynasty. He is best known for leading seven maritime expeditions to the Western Oceans.
To begin with, Zheng He’s voyages were remarkable achievements. He commanded huge fleets with hundreds of ships, traveling as far as Africa. These expeditions strengthened friendly relations between China and other countries and spread Chinese culture across the world. Additionally, his journey was full of challenges. Despite facing dangerous storms and unknown waters, he never gave up and successfully completed each voyage.
In conclusion, Zheng He is not only a great explorer but also a symbol of courage and open-mindedness. From his story, I learned that with determination and perseverance, we can overcome any difficulty and make a difference in the world. His spirit inspires me to be brave in pursuing my own dreams.
Unit 3 The world of science
重点单词变形
1.press v.按→pressure n.压(力);压强;强制
2.capable adj.有能力的→capability n.能力
3.desire n.渴望,欲望→desirable adj.想望的;可取的
4.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.重要性,意义
5.injure v.使受伤,弄伤→injury n.伤;损害
6.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地
7.minor adj.小的→minority n.少数
8.origin n.起源,起因→original adj.最初的,原始的
9.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上
10.declaration n.声明,宣告→declare v.宣布
11.scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学
12.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的,整个的
13.proof n.证明,证据→prove v.证明
重点单词用法精萃
1. addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 此外,另外
(1) in addition 此外
(2) in addition to 除……之外
(3) additional adj. 额外的
2. in terms of 依据;按照;在……方面
(1) in the short term 从短期来看
(2) in the long term 从长远来看
(3) on good terms with 与……关系良好
3. lead to 导致;通向
(1) lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
(2) lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
4.press /pres/ v. 按;催促,逼迫
(1) press the button 按按钮
(2) press sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
(3) pressure n. 压力;under pressure 在压力下
5.shoot /ʃuːt/ v. 射出(光线等),放射;射击,射中
(1) shoot out 射出
(2) shoot at 向……射击
(3) shot n. 射击;a shot in the dark 瞎猜
6.virtual /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的,模拟的
(1) virtual reality 虚拟现实
(2) virtual world 虚拟世界
7.flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的,可变通的
(1) flexible material 柔韧的材料
(2) be flexible in 在……方面灵活
(3) flexibly adv. 灵活地;flexibility n. 灵活性
8.compute /kəmˈpjuːt/ v. 计算,估算
(1) compute the result 计算结果
(2) compute at 估算为
(3) computer n. 电脑;computation n. 计算
9.capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的,能干的
(1) be capable of 有能力做某事
(2) capability n. 能力;develop one’s capabilities 发展能力
10.desire /dɪˈzaɪər/ n. 渴望,欲望 v. 渴望,想要
(1) have a desire for 渴望……
(2) desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3) desirable adj. 理想的
11.passive /ˈpæsɪv/ adj. 被动的;消极的
(1) passive voice 被动语态
(2) be passive in doing sth. 在做某事时消极
(3) passively adv. 被动地
12.beyond /bɪˈjɑːnd/ prep. 无法……;超出,越过
(1) beyond one’s ability 超出某人能力
(2) beyond description 无法形容
13.instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子,实例
(1) for instance 例如
(2) in this instance 在这种情况下
14.significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的,影响深远的
(1) significant change 重大变化
(2) be significant to 对……重要
(3) significantly adv. 显著地;significance n. 重要性
必背短语
1.in addition除此之外,另外
2.never say never别轻易说决不
3.instead of代替,而不是
4.in terms of在……方面;就……而言
5.be capable of有能力做……
6.work as担任;从事
7.lead to导致
8.beyond recognition难以辨认
9.be named after...根据……来命名
10.apart from除了……之外(还)
重点句型
1. 现在完成时的被动语态
(1) I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
我猜你之前被问过关于你的书名的问题。
(2)New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
像3D打印机这样的新发明已被用来制造替代心脏和骨骼部件。
(3)Nothing like this has been invented yet.
这样的东西还没有被发明出来。
2. what 引导的主语从句
(1)What remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create.
依然重要的是,我们有一种强烈的欲望去思考和创造。
(2)What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy.
我们从这次冒险中得到的只是纯粹的快乐。
3. that 引导的表语从句
The reason behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours.
这背后的原因是,一本书通常需要几天读完,而一部电影通常持续不到两小时。
4. whether/if 引导的宾语从句
People wanted to know whether lightning was really produced by electricity or something else.
人们想知道闪电究竟是由电产生的还是由其他东西产生的。
5. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而,这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。
6. 强调句型 It is/was... that...
(1)So what is it that inspires us to invent things?
那么,是什么激励我们去发明东西呢?
(2)It was Benjamin Franklin who conducted the famous lightning experiment.
是本杰明·富兰克林做了那个著名的闪电实验。
(3)Who was it that won the US Open?
在美国公开赛上获胜的是谁?
7. 状语从句的省略
When (it is) applied to medicine in general, Western medicine acts upon the Yin of the body.
当应用于一般医学时,西医作用于身体的阴。
8. with 复合结构
(1)It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”.
它能够使用GPS技术前往不同的地方,用计算技术控制它的“腿”。
(2)With more countries recognizing its role in international affairs, China's image is improving steadily.
随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提升。
9. 将来进行时
(1)This evening, I will be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst.
今晚,我将和理查德·费尔赫斯特博士交流。
(2)I'll be staying with my friend at this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候我将正和朋友待在一起。
语法精讲:现在完成时的被动语态
语法点01 构成
肯定式:have/has been done
否定式:have/has not been done
一般疑问式:Have/Has + 主语 + been done?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been done?
语法点02 用法
用法
示例
动作已完成,强调对现在的影响
Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.
不知道动作执行者是谁
His bike has been stolen.
动作执行者是泛指
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
动作承受者是谈话中心
My watch has been repaired.
表示委婉、礼貌
Enough has been said here on this question.
动作的执行者不是人
The house has been washed away by the storm.
表示“已经被……”
These flowers have been watered. You can go home.
语法点03常用时间状语
already, yet, recently, lately
since then, ever since
so far, up to now, by now
for a long time
in/during/over the past few years
语法点04注意事项
非延续性动词(如 borrow, begin, buy, join, open, start)的现在完成时被动语态不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
单元写作
一、单元写作任务:本单元的话题是“科学实验”(科技发展与科学精神)。写作时,人称以第一人称(we/I)或第三人称(the experimenter)为主;时态以一般过去时(描述所做实验)和一般现在时(陈述事实、结论)为主。
谋篇布局
开头
总体介绍实验的目的(用一般现在时或一般过去时)。
中间
介绍实验所需材料和实验过程(用一般过去时,按步骤顺序描述)。
结尾
汇报实验结果,以及实验收获(结果用一般过去时,结论用一般现在时)。
二、写作通用表达
1. 实验目的表达
(1) The aim/purpose of this experiment is/was to find out whether... 本实验的目的是查明是否……
(2) This experiment was designed with the purpose of discovering... 本实验旨在发现……
(3) We did this experiment to test the effect of... on... 我们做这个实验是为了测试……对……的影响
(4) The question we wanted to answer was: “What happens when...?” 我们想回答的问题是:“当……时会发生什么?”
2. 实验材料表达
(1) The following materials were used: a..., a..., and some... 使用了以下材料:一个……,一个……,和一些……
(2) To conduct this experiment, we prepared: ... 为了进行本实验,我们准备了:……
(3) Equipment: ... Materials: ... 设备:…… 材料:……
3. 实验步骤表达
(1) First/Firstly, we set up the equipment by... 首先,我们通过……安装设备
(2) Then/Next, we added... to... 然后/接着,我们将……加入……
(3) After that, we heated the mixture for 5 minutes. 之后,我们将混合物加热了5分钟
(4) Meanwhile/At the same time, we recorded the temperature every minute. 同时,我们每分钟记录一次温度
(5) Finally, we observed the results and wrote down our findings. 最后,我们观察结果并记录下发现
4. 实验结果表达
(1) We observed/found that... changed color/became solid/produced bubbles. 我们观察到/发现……改变了颜色/变成了固体/产生了气泡
(2) It was clear that... reacted quickly/slowly with... 很明显,……与……反应迅速/缓慢
(3) The data showed a clear increase/decrease in... 数据显示……有明显增加/减少
(4) The temperature rose from 20°C to 100°C. 温度从20°C上升到100°C
5. 实验结论表达
(1) In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates/proves that... 总之,本实验证明……
(2) From the results, we can conclude that... 从结果中,我们可以得出结论……
(3) Therefore, our hypothesis was correct/incorrect. 因此,我们的假设是正确/错误的
(4) The experiment tells us that... is important in our daily life because... 这个实验告诉我们……在日常生活中很重要,因为……
三、范文背诵(科学实验)
A Simple Science Experiment
Last week, during our science class, we conducted an experiment to find out what happens when vinegar is mixed with baking soda.
To conduct this experiment, we prepared the following materials: a glass, some vinegar, baking soda, and a spoon. First, we poured the vinegar into the glass. Then, we added a spoonful of baking soda to the vinegar. After that, we observed what happened carefully.
Soon, we observed that lots of bubbles quickly appeared and rose in the glass. This showed that a chemical reaction was taking place. In conclusion, this experiment demonstrates that mixing an acid with a base produces carbon dioxide gas. Through this simple experiment, we learned that science is all around us and can be both fun and educational.
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