Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语情态动词与过去将来时核心语法点，通过高考备考语境例句引入，系统梳理情态动词多义用法（如can表能力、may表请求等）、情态动词+have done结构及过去将来时的五种表达方式，构建“感知-发现-点拨-练习”的学习支架。 该资料以真实情境（高考备考）激活语言运用，“自主感知”“我的发现”环节引导学生分析推断，培养思维品质，多样化“对点练”及综合练习设计提升学习能力，课中助力教师系统授课，课后便于学生查漏补缺，强化语言能力。

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目——情态动词与过去将来时 Three years ago, when the College Entrance Examination would come① in three months, I was under great pressure. Once, because I stayed up late at night, I should fall asleep② in class.My parents would comfort me③ when I didn't do well in the exam.Gradually, I could adjust myself④ .When I went into the examination room, my mother cheered me on.She said, “May you succeed⑤ , boy！” [语法入门] ①would come表示过去将来时。 ②should fall asleep中should表示惊讶。 ③would comfort me中would表示习惯性动作。 ④could adjust myself 中could表示“能；会”。 ⑤May you succeed中may 表示祝愿。 一、情态动词的意义和用法　 |自主感知| ①(教材典句)Oliver believes that with a million－pound bank note a man could live a month in London. ②(教材典句)May we ask what you're doing in this country and what your plans are? ③You must finish your homework this afternoon. ④(教材典句) Now if you'll excuse me, I ought to be on my way. ⑤I promise I will do my best to provide the best service for the Asian Games. ⑥You needn't come here this afternoon. ⑦How dare you say I'm unfair? ⑧She can't have been to your house; she doesn't know your address. [我的发现] ①句中的could表示能力。 ②句中的may表示请求。 ③句中的must表示命令。 ④句中的ought to 表示必要性。 ⑤句中的will表示意愿。 ⑥句中的need表示必要性。 ⑦句中的dare表示敢于。 ⑧句中的can't have done表示对过去的否定推测。 |规则点拨| (一)情态动词的概念及特征 情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare, shall (should), will (would)等。 情态动词有以下特征： 1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如 must，ought to 等的过去式皆与一般式同形。 2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，如 can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。 3．在用法上，情态动词后接动词原形，一起构成谓语。 (二)can与could的用法 1．can与could表示能力，意为“能；会”。 2．can与could表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时，语气更委婉，回答时一般用 can)。 3．can与could用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”。 4．can与could表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。 •Could you offer me a job here? •You can't open it until two o'clock. •Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)． •I saw her go out just now.She can't be at home now. [对点练] (根据句意填入适当的情态动词或其否定式) ①That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital. ②Could/Can you please do me a favor? ③You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. ④—Can this book be yours? —No, it can't be mine.It must be his. (三)may与might的用法 1．may与might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。 2．may与might在疑问句中用于征求许可(might表示的语气更委婉)。 3．may与might表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。 4．may 用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。构成句型： May＋you/n.＋动词原形＋其他…… •You may keep the book for two weeks. •Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! •May you be happy forever! •(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. [对点练] (1)根据句意填入适当的情态动词 ①They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. ②He may have been to some of those places, but I am not sure. ③Might I have a look at your new computer? (2)完成句子 ④Sometimes to use examples to explain abstract concepts might/may_be_helpful. 有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。 (四)must与have to的用法 1．must表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”。强调说话人的主观态度。 2．must其否定形式为 mustn't，意为“不许；禁止”。 3．对以 must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/needn't (不必，没必要)。 4．must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句。 5．must表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏偏；偏要”。 6．have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观上的必要性。 •You mustn't smoke here. •—Must I tell him in advance? —No, you don't have to/needn't. •(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. •Must you make so much noise? •You have to be back before 10 o'clock because the train is to leave at 10：05. [对点练] (选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to) ①You must be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years. ②The new law states that people mustn't drive after drinking alcohol. ③You don't_have_to buy a gift, but you can if you want to. ④John, look at the time.Must you play the piano at such a late hour? (五)shall与should/ought to的用法 1．shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。 2．shall表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。 3．should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”；ought to 语气更强。 4．should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会；可能”。 5．should 表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。 •—Shall I turn down the radio a bit? —Yes, please./No, please don't. •It is strange that he should not pass so easy an exam. •You shall do as I tell you. •(2024·全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place? [对点练]　(选词填空：shall/should/ought to) ①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should/ought_to seek help from those we trust most. ②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. —Don't worry.You shall have it by Friday. ③It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission. (六)will/would的用法 1．will 表示现在的“意愿”，would 表示过去的“意愿”。 2．will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。 3．will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会；老是”；would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 •I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn't listen. •Will/Would you pass me the book? •(2024·全国甲卷)Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. •(2024·全国甲卷)As always my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. [对点练]　(选词填空：will/would) ①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends. ②—Daddy, can you buy me a new computer when you go to Beijing? —You will get one if you are admitted to a key middle school. ③I was worried that our 15－month－old boy would fall into the creek (小溪)． (七)need, dare与had better的用法 1．need 表示必要性，意为“需要”，dare 表示“敢于”。 2．need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。 3．need 和 dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化。need在肯定句中，其后接带to的不定式；在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。dare其后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。 4．had better表示“应该，最好”，无人称和时态的变化。其否定形式为had better not。 •(2024·全国甲卷)I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did. •He doesn't dare (to) answer. •—Need you go now? —Yes, we must./No, we needn't. •Oh, no, you'd better not open it. [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep (keep) this card at hand. ②He dares to_challenge (challenge) all kinds of difficulties. ③My room is in a mess, but I needn't clean (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning. ④—Need I hand in the application now? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't. (八)情态动词＋have done 情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示对过去发生的动作的推测。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况： 1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done “(过去)一定做了”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句 may/might have done “(过去)可能做了”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句 can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定 2．表示与过去事实相反 could have done 过去本可以做但实际上没做 needn't have done 过去本不必做但实际上做了 ought to/should have done 过去本应该做但实际上没做 oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done 过去不应该做但实际上做了 •It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. •She is late.She may have missed the bus. •Tom, you are too lazy.The work should have been finished yesterday. [对点练]　(完成句子) ①—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad.You should_have_made full preparations. ——对不起，妈妈！我这次工作面试又失败了。 ——哦，真是太糟糕了。你本该做好充分准备的。 ②My book is missing.Who could_have_taken it? 我的书不见了。谁有可能拿走它了呢？ ③Look what you've done! You ought_to/should_have_done the experiment more carefully. 看你都做了什么！你本应该更仔细地做这个实验。 ④You needn't_have_told them what had happened between us. 你本不必告诉他们我们之间发生了什么事。 ⑤You could_have_passed the exam early, but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes. 你本来能早点通过考试，但你那么粗心，以致犯这么多错误。 二、过去将来时　 |自主感知| ①I thought he wouldn't attend the evening party, but to my surprise he came. ②I told her I would return the book in a few days. [我的发现] ①②句中主句的时态均为一般过去时，且都含有宾语从句，从句的时态为过去将来时。 ②句中的时间状语为 in_a_few_days。 |规则点拨| (一)过去将来时的概念和用法 过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 1．过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为一般过去时态的宾语从句中。 2．过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语the next day, soon, in＋一段时间等。 •Another said he would give half of all his money to the government to help poor people. •Mother promised that she would take me to Beijing the next year. (二)过去将来时的表达方式 1．“would/should do”构成过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。should主要用于第一人称；would可用于各种人称。 2．“was/were going to do”表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事，还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。 3．“was/were to do”表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 4．“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作，一般不与表示将来的具体的时间连用。 5．was/were doing表示过去将来时时，仅用于come, go, leave, arrive, start, take off等趋向性动词(短语)。 •Hey, Timmy. I was going to call you.But now that you are here, I don't have to. •The press conference was to be held next week. •She said she was just about to ask you the same thing. •David told us he was leaving for Shanghai next week. [对点练]　(完成句子) ①上周他答应要来的，可到现在还没到。(would do) Last week he_promised_that_he_would_come,_but he hasn't arrived until now. ②你打算给我你的地址的，可是你没给。(be going to) You_were_going_to_give_me_your_address,_but you didn't. ③格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷了。(be doing) Mr Green was_leaving_for Hawaii a few hours later. ④会议将于下周举行。(be to do) The conference was_to_be_held_next_week. ⑤我正要打开电脑电源，这时停电了。(be about to do) I_was_about_to_turn_on_the_power_of_the_computer when the electricity went off. Ⅰ.完成句子 1．It was a problem whether they would_support_us.(would do) 他们是否会支持我们是一个问题。 2．You didn't make it clear what_you_were_going_to_do when you grew up.(be going to) 你没有说清楚长大后要干什么。 3．The coach was_about_to_give_up the game when the captain scored a goal.(be about to) 教练正要放弃比赛，这时队长进了一个球。 4．He was_going_to_speak at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. (be going to) 他本来要在会上发言，但心脏病发作使他无法发言。 5．The local government promised that the building was_to_be_completed next month. (be to do) 当地政府承诺这座建筑将在下个月竣工。 6．If we were_to_offer_you_more_money,_would you stay？(be to do) 假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？ Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成短文 Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①needs_to_maintain_friendship (需要维持友谊)．In all our lives we ②can't_live (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③will_spoil_friendship (会破坏友谊)．Time goes by, and good friends ④may/might_be_lost (可能会失去)．True friendship ⑤must_be_sincere (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥can_always_be_a_good_teacher (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦should/ought_to_be_kind_and_patient (应该是亲切而有耐心的)．Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves. Ⅲ.选择合适的情态动词完成下面的对话 must, had better, should, have to, would, can't, needn't　　The bell for class just rang for the second time, but Tom didn't turn up.He ①should have arrived at school earlier because there ②would be a math test for the whole class that day.“I ③must find out what has happened to him，” thought his master teacher Mrs Green. So she called Tom，“Hi, Tom! Why don't you come to school today？” “My mother is ill, and I need to look after her at home.” “Your father should be at home, so you ④needn't stay at home to take care of her.” “But my father hasn't got back from work yet.I ⑤can't go to school until my father gets back.” “OK.But you ⑥had_better come here as quickly as possible, or you will ⑦have_to take another test if you fail this one.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $