Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式的构成形式（一般式、进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式）及作定语和状语的句法功能，通过“感知实例-发现规律-明确规则-实践应用”的学习支架，从演讲片段引入到分模块讲解，再到高考真题练习，构建完整学习脉络。 该资料以真实语境（如演讲、高考真题）为载体，通过“先感知-会发现-明规则”环节引导学生主动分析归纳，提升思维品质。丰富的“对点练”和综合练习，既助教师课堂授课有实例支撑，又供学生课后自主复习，强化语言应用能力，落实学习能力培养。

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目——动词不定式作定语和状语 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.I'm glad to introduce this English speech contest①.As we all know，it is very important for us to master a foreign language.Taking part in English speech is a helpful way to learn English②.Everyone wants to make use of the opportunity to show their best③.When we have been preparing for it，we can improve our ability to learn English④. [语法入门] ①句中to introduce this English speech contest 为动词不定式作原因状语。 ②句中to learn English为动词不定式作定语，修饰a helpful way。 ③句中to show their best为动词不定式作目的状语。 ④句中 to learn English为动词不定式作定语，修饰our ability。 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，由“不定式符号to＋动词原形”构成。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等，还可用在复合结构中，而且有一般式、进行式、完成式和否定形式。 一、动词不定式的构成形式　 [先感知] ①I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. ②The patient asked to be operated on at once. ③The boy pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. ④I happened to have seen the film. ⑤The factory is reported to have been burnt down. ⑥His mother told him not to go out alone. [会发现]　(以do为例) 　语态　　 时态　　　 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 ①to_do ②to_be_done 进行式 ③to_be_doing — 完成式 ④to_have_done ⑤to_have_been_done 否定形式 动词不定式⑥前加not [明规则] 1．动词不定式的一般式：动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 2．动词不定式的进行式：动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，并且正在进行着。 3．动词不定式的完成式：动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 4．动词不定式的被动式：动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)，完成式表示动作已完成或者先于谓语动词发生。 5．动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式需要在动词不定式前加“not”。 [对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①We are delighted to_know (know) that you'll make a speech for us next week. ②She glanced at the faces around her, hoping to find the tall man.But he was nowhere to_be_seen (see)． ③When the boss came in, the workers pretended to_be_working (work) hard on their machines. ④All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist, who was reported to_have_won (win) the Nobel Prize, was coming to their school. ⑤The two passengers occupying seats were reported to have_been_banned (ban) from taking trains for 180 days. 二、动词不定式的句法功能　 1．动词不定式作定语 [先感知] ①On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. ②We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. ③However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. ④(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. ⑤He finally found a good house to live in. [会发现] ①动词不定式to enter space作定语，修饰the_first_person。 ②动词不定式 to be held 作定语，修饰a_party，其用了不定式的被动式。 ③动词不定式to explore the universe 作定语，修饰the_desire。 ④动词不定式to improve the situation作定语，修饰attempt。 ⑤动词不定式to live in作定语，修饰a_good_house，其中介词in不能省略。 [明规则] 1．动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，常表示未发生的动作。 2．当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last, the only 等或中心词被这类词修饰时，多用动词不定式作定语。 3．有些名词也常跟动词不定式作定语，常见的有：way, chance, promise, plan, desire, offer, decision, ability, warning等。 4．作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，或动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等时，动词不定式后面需有相应的介词。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to_discover (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine. ②What is the best way you can imagine to_reduce (reduce) the overuse of water in our school? ③In many homes in the UK, the first person to_wake (wake) up has to make tea for the family. ④We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest to_be_held (hold) in Shanghai next month. ⑤The airport to_be_completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2)完成句子 ⑥It is recognized that he is the best man to_do_the_job. 人们公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 ⑦We are looking for an apartment to_live_in. 我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。 ⑧The show to_be_held will surely attract many international tourists. 将要举行的展览肯定会吸引许多国际游客。 ⑨Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to_face_the_challenge. 多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了面对挑战的勇气。 ⑩His ability to_get_on_well_with people is his chief advantage. 他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。 2．动词不定式作状语 [先感知] ①Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. ②He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus. ③They were very surprised to be informed of the news. ④(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message：“Out of order.Sorry.” ⑤She is so proud as to look down upon others. ⑥We are too young to vote and to be voted. [会发现] ①动词不定式 to make important discoveries在句中作目的状语。 ②动词不定式so as to catch the first bus在句中作目的状语。 ③动词不定式 to be informed of the news在句中作原因状语。 ④动词不定式only to read the message在句中作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 ⑤句中 so ...as to ...意为“如此……以至于……”，在句中作结果状语。 ⑥句中too ...to ...意为“ 太……而不能……”，在句中作结果状语。 [明规则] 1．动词不定式可作目的状语、原因状语和结果状语。表示原因、结果时一般不置于句首。 2．动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，表示强调时，通常可以在动词不定式符号to之前加上 in order或so as，但 so as to不可位于句首。 3．动词不定式作原因状语时常跟在一些形容词之后说明产生某种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。 4．动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上 only 或 but only，以加强语气。 5．动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：too ...to ...“太……而不能……”， so/such ...as to ...“如此……以至于……”，enough ...to“足够……”。 [名师点津]　现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。 Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy. 杰克取得了巨大的进步，让他的父母很高兴。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)To_enrich (enrich) our school life, our English newspaper will add a new column. ②My mother did everything she could to_help (help) me feel happy. ③He rushed to the airport, only to_be_told (tell) that his friend had left. ④It rained heavily, causing (cause) severe flooding in that country. ⑤I'm sorry to_take (take) up so much of your valuable time. (2)完成句子 ⑥I am honored to_be_invited to give you a lecture here.我很荣幸被邀请在这里给你们做一个演讲。 ⑦I'm surprised_to_see you awake — ten minutes ago you were fast asleep. 看到你醒了我很惊讶——十分钟前你还在熟睡。 ⑧In_order_to/To_pass_the_exam,_he worked hard till midnight.为了通过这次考试，他努力学习到午夜。 ⑨When he got to the station, he was disappointed to_find they'd already left. 当他到达车站时，他很失望发现他们已经离开了。 ⑩Sometimes, I was too_weak_to_go_to_school so my education suffered.有时候，我身体太虚弱了而不能去上学，因此我的教育受到影响。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)The best way to_ease (ease) pressure on over－touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 2．The ability to_download (download) apps can enrich a visitor's experience. 3．He is one of the first scientists to_study (study) outer space. 4．My family's flight was delayed, so we were the last group to_arrive (arrive)． 5．(2024·浙江1月高考)However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra to_benefit (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. 6．Before the Spring Festival, many people travel home to_see (see) their family. 7．As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to_improve (improve) your communication and problem－solving skills. 8．To_publish (publish) their research in journals, scientists have to work hard, even without financial reward. 9．We hurried there, only to_find (find) a note pinned on the door, informing us of the delay of the meeting. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I think digging wells for drinking water is a good way to_solve_the_problem_of_water_shortage. 我认为挖井取水是解决缺水问题的好方法。 2．I decide to employ every opportunity to_practise_my_spoken_English. 我决定利用一切机会练习我的英语口语。 3．I treasure this as a good chance to_broaden_my_horizons as well as improve my spoken English. 我珍惜这个好机会来开阔我的视野、提高我的英语口语。 4．Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to_be_awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。 5． She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to_concentrate_on_her_studies. 为了专心于她的学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。 Ⅲ.根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文 Li Hua is a naughty child.Several months ago, his mother sent him to a training school ①to_correct_his_bad_habits (改正他的坏习惯)．He was glad ②to_see_the_teacher (看见老师)．The teacher was easy ③to_get_along_with (相处)．The teacher told Li Hua to raise his hand if he had something ④to_say (要说的)．He was always the first ⑤to_ask_questions_in_class (在班上问问题)．To everyone's happiness, he did very well in school.Later his mother took him home, ⑥only_to_find (结果发现) that he really changed. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $