Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教师用书word（人教版）

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures 语法项目——动词－ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road①.Considering it might cause some trouble②， we decided to move it away.With some passers－by helping us③， we managed to remove it from the road.Seeing what we had done④， many people applauded warmly for us, saying that⑤ we really did a good deed and were good teenagers. [语法入门] 文中的黑体部分都是动词－ing形式，其中①③在句中作宾语补足语，②④⑤在句中作状语。 一、动词－ing形式作宾语补足语　 动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间构成主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。 [先感知] ①I felt somebody standing behind me. ②I saw the little boy crying there. ③We kept the fire burning all night long. ④I won't have you running about in the room. ⑤I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. [会发现] (1)句①②中，feel和see是感官动词。 (2)句③④中，keep和have是使役动词。 (3)句⑤中的黑体部分是with复合结构。 [明规则] 动词－ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。常用于以下情况： 1．感官动词(短语)see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等后可跟动词－ing形式作宾语补足语。 2．使役动词have, let, keep, get, leave等后可跟动词－ing形式作宾语补足语。 3．with复合结构中，可用动词－ing形式作宾语补足语。 [名师点津]　在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的－ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的－ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略了to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw him run across the road. 我看到他穿过了马路。(强调整个过程) I saw him running across the road. 我看见他正穿过马路。(强调正在进行) [对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Do you hear someone knocking (knock) at the door? ②They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly. ③The old couple often take a walk after supper with their pet dog following (follow) them. ④Sometimes, I would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping (weep) in the cold. ⑤(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)More than once, I found myself wondering (wonder) just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well. (2)完成句子 ⑥I suddenly felt myself_being_hit by a heavy fist. 我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。 ⑦I found a_beggar_standing at the door. 我发现一个乞丐正站在门口。 ⑧We shouldn't keep the_lights_burning in the day. 我们白天不应该让灯开着。 ⑨With all_fans_singing_together,_he felt so proud. 所有的粉丝一起歌唱，他感到如此的骄傲。 二、动词－ing形式作状语　 动词－ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。 [先感知] ①(2024·全国甲卷)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. ②Taking advantage of the site's great start, Fiona decided to add more contents. ③Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. ④The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. ⑤Working hard, you'll make great progress. [会发现] (1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是句①，作原因状语的是句②，作时间状语的是句③，作结果状语的是句④，作条件状语的是句⑤。 (2)句③中动词－ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。 [明规则] 1．动词－ing形式作状语的形式 主动形式 被动形式 时态意义 语态意义 一 般 式 doing being done 构成动词－ing的动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作(几乎)同时发生 主动形式表示构成动词－ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；被动形式表示构成动词－ing的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 完 成 式 having done having Been done 构成动词－ing的动词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生 2．动词－ing形式作状语时的类型 动词－ing形式作状语时可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、结果、方式或伴随状况，作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列成分，作原因、条件、让步、时间状语时相当于对应的状语从句。 类型 例句 时间 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.(＝When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.) 听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。 原因 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.(＝Because I felt motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened.) 因为受到了激励，我开始有规律地跑步，但后来发生了两件事。 结果 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 这场雪持续了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。 条件 Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.(＝If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.)向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通往他的小屋的小路。 让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.(＝Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.)尽管我承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽她最大的努力。 方式 Please answer the question using another way.(＝Please answer the question and use another way.) 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 伴随 He walked down the hill, singing softly.(＝He walked down the hill and sang softly.) 他步行下山，轻声哼着歌。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing (borrow) some familiar words from many age－old fables. ②(2023·全国乙卷) Having_visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co－existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷) My wife suggested I get in touch with my brother, but I resisted, thinking (think) he should call first. ④(2025·浙江1月高考) “Stop right there! You must leave right now！” he called out, holding (hold) the branch with both hands. (2)完成句子 ⑤Being_short_of_money_now,_he can't afford the new computer. 因为现在缺钱，他买不起这台新电脑。 ⑥There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back on the grassland, staring_at_the_stars. 没有什么比平躺在草地上看星星更快乐的事了。 ⑦Newly－built wooden cottages line the street, turning_the_old_town_into a dreamland. 新建的木屋林立在街道两旁，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。 三、动词－ing形式作状语的注意事项　 1．动词－ing形式的否定式：not＋doing; not having＋done •Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 •Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 2．独立主格结构 动词－ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 •Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion.如果时间允许的话，讨论之后我们会回答你的问题。 •He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well－known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2. 他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。 3．动词－ing形式作评论性状语 有些动词－ing形式在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的评论性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般说来”， judging by/from ...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。 Judging from her reaction, she liked the birthday present. 从她的反应来判断，她喜欢这个生日礼物。 [对点练] (1)完成句子 ①Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green. ②Generally_speaking (一般说来), girls are more interested in literature than boys. (2)用独立主格结构改写下列句子 ③If weather permits, we shall go there on foot. →Weather_permitting,_we shall go there on foot. ④After Mary came back, they discussed it together. →Mary_coming_back,_they discussed it together. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Feeling (feel) more relaxed, Mia began reading. 2．I could feel my voice shaking (shake) and tried not to cry. 3．With her eyes studying (study) me, my heart beat faster. 4．She embraced me, kissing (kiss) me on both cheeks. 5．Jordan followed, fear welling (well) up in his eyes. 6．I could hear him talking (talk) to the cat, apologizing (apologize) repeatedly. 7．Hearing (hear) my apology, Missi's mother erupted into a loud scream of joy. 8．My boss was sitting in his chair with a hardened face, gazing (gaze) at me long and hard. 9．Flashing (flash) a smile, I encouraged, “Anything you'd like to say！” 10．Walking (walk) along the street, he met his old friends. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Hearing_her_words,_I felt embarrassed. 听到她的话，我感到很尴尬。 2．I paced back and forth in the room anxiously, not_knowing_what_to_do. 我焦虑地在房间里来回踱步，不知道该怎么办。 3．Looking_around,_I saw a lovely young woman playing_a_very_nice_piano. 环顾四周，我看到一位可爱的年轻女子正在弹奏一架非常漂亮的钢琴。 4．Puzzled and curious, he quickened his pace, wondering_who_would_be_the_unexpected_visitor. 他既困惑又好奇，加快了脚步，想知道这位不速之客会是谁。 5．Walking_into_the_house_with_curiosity,_Will found the familiar figure sitting next to his father. 威尔好奇地走进房子，发现了那个正坐在他父亲旁边的熟悉的身影。 6．Being_taught_by_an_experienced_teacher,_the students are making rapid progress. 在一位经验丰富的老师的教导下，学生们进步很快。 7．Having_lived_in_the_city_for_ten_years,_he knew all the best places to eat. 他在城里生活了十年，因此知道所有最好的餐馆。 Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式补全短文 Last week, I was invited to a party by my friends.①Arriving (arrive) at the party, I found all my friends ②dancing (dance) and ③singing (sing) happily there.④Standing (stand) aside for a while, I saw two of my friends ⑤chatting (chat) at a table.So I went over to join them.When we were talking over tea, I noticed a girl ⑥enjoying (enjoy) herself by playing the violin.The party lasted for about two hours, and we all had a good time.With the host ⑦announcing (announce) the end of the party, we said goodbye to each other and went home with delight. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $