专题04 动词-ing形式作定语+表语+宾补+状语（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期人教版

专题03动词-ing形式作定语+表语+宾补+状语 （期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词-ing形式作定语 知识点02 动词-ing形式作表语 知识点03 动词-ing形式作宾补 知识点04 动词-ing形式作状语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本形式与特征 动词原形 + ing 特征：表示主动或进行。 • 熟记只能接-ing的动词及短语（核心约20个）。 • 准确判断-ing作主语/宾语/定语/状语/宾补的功能。 • 掌握-ing的时态和语态变化，特别是被动式 being done 在语法填空中的考查。 1. 综合化：在语篇（语法填空、短文改错）中综合考查-ing与不定式、过去分词的辨析。 2. 情景化：题干设置真实语境，考查-ing作状语（伴随、原因、结果）的理解与应用。 3. 高频搭配：look forward to， pay attention to， object to， devote to 等“介词+to”结构后接-ing是高频考点。 4. 写作渗透：书面表达中正确使用-ing作主语和状语，成为高分作文的必备要素。 2. 动名词与现在分词的区别 • 动名词：相当于名词，可作主语/宾语（Swimming is fun.） • 现在分词：相当于形容词/副词，作定语/状语/宾补（a smiling face） 3. 只能接-ing作宾语的动词 enjoy; finish, practice, mind, avoid, consider, suggest, miss 等 4. 动词-ing的时态和语态 • 一般式：doing（与谓语同时或之后） • 完成式：having done（先于谓语） • 被动式：being done（被动且同时）；having been done（被动且先于谓语） 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前，有些动词-ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人......的”。动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，亦可表示被修饰词正在进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 Do you know the swimming boy in the swimming pool? 你认识那个正在游泳池里游泳的男孩吗？ He brought us surprising news. 他给我们带来了惊人的消息。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 2. 动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动，且动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university.(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 即时检测 1. （2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 知识点02动词-ing形式作表语 1．表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Our responsibility is serving the people. ＝Serving the people is our responsibility. 我们的职责是为人民服务。 2．表明主语的性质和特征，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这些词其实已转化为形容词。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。 The news is exciting.这则消息令人兴奋。 (1) 动词-ing形式与动词不定式作表语的区别： 1　 动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 2　 动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 Her wish is to start a learning club for the kids. 她的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。 (2) 感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 I was deeply moved by his moving words. 我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。 The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised. 他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。 典例 02 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）The terrible news was that the new virus _________ among animals was starting to infect human beings. A．was spreading B．spread C．spreading D．was spread 即时检测 1. The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right place but to leave ________ the wrong thing at the ________ moment. A．unsay…tempted B．unsay…tempting C．unsaid...tempted D．unsaid...tempting 易｜错｜点｜拨 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人；以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 知识点03动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 1．动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语。 在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。 In the crowded café，I heard a friendly voice saying，“You can share my table.” 在这间拥挤的咖啡馆里，我听到一声友好的问候：“你可以和我坐在一桌。” 1　 当动词-ing形式与句子的宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，则用其被动式“being done”。 I saw her being questioned by the police. 我看到她正在被警察盘问。 2　 see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用动词-ing形式和省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们经过教室，看见老师正在做实验。(只在经过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验) We sat for an hour and watched the teacher do the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看着老师做实验。(一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验，指全过程) 2．动词-ing形式在使役动词后作宾语补足语。 使役动词接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”；常见的使役动词有have，keep，get等。 It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你一直在房间里跑来跑去。 (1) 如果作宾语补足语的动词与宾语为被动关系，则用过去分词形式。 We should keep him informed of what is going on here.我们应该让他随时了解这里发生了什么。 (2) have/make＋宾语＋宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。 The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.老板让他的工人每天工作12小时。 Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。 (3) have/get＋宾语＋done，done是过去分词作宾语补足语，意为“让别人去做某事”。 He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.他明天让人给他修电脑。 3．动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的用法。 在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”且与宾语为主动关系。 She threw the tortoise into the river with tears filling her eyes. 她把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。 典例 03 （2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 即时检测 1. （2019·江苏·高考真题）China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized 2. （2010·海南·高考真题）I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A．burning B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt 知识点04动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，并在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1．时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。 Hearing these stories(＝When I hear these stories)，I’m skeptical about the place. 听到这些叙述，我对这个地方产生了怀疑。 2．原因状语 可以转换成as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他无法入睡。 3．条件状语 可以转换成if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，你会成功的。 Not taking advantage of the time(＝If you don’t take advantage of the time)，you’ll regret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。 4．让步状语 可以转换成although/though引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing all this(＝Although/Though they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 5．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，其前有逗号分开，有时分词前有副词thus，thereby修饰。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果造成延误。 6．方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)． 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。 He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)． 他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很久。 (1) 当动词-ing形式表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词表示的动作后发生时，用动词-ing形式的完成式; 若动词与句子主语为主动关系，用having done；若动词与句子主语为被动关系，则用having been done。 Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就去邮寄了。(having finished 是先发生的，went是后发生的) Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 (2) 动词-ed形式也可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等，与句子的主语构成动宾关系。 Generally speaking，if taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect. 一般来说，如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。 (3) 动词-ing形式作状语，有时也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表 伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 The last bus having gone，we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we) (4) 动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋v.-ing；not having＋v.-ed Not knowing this，he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 典例 04 （2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 即时检测 1.（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 2.（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但动词-ing形式作定语也有被动形式，即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle. 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music. 当前正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 2. 在with复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。 I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.(表示事情还未做) 有这些衣服要洗，我不能出去了。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.(表示状态) 整个下午他都锁着门工作。 3. 与不定式混淆：suggest to do（误，应为 suggest doing）；want doing（误，应为 want to do）。 4. 介词后的-ing遗漏：look forward to see（误，应为 to seeing）；be used to do（误，应为 to doing）。 5. 作状语时逻辑主语错误：Walking in the park， the trees are beautiful.（误，“走”的逻辑主语是“我”，不是树）。 6. 与过去分词混淆：The girl cried at the news. 误用 frightening（应为 frightened）→ 但此处考查的是-ing形式本身，需注意主被动判断。 7. 被动式 being done 遗漏：He avoided _____ (punish). 应填 being punished。 8. 完成式 having done 误用：在不需要强调“先于谓语”时误用完成式。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 整理“只能接-ing”和“只能接to do”的动词清单，对比记忆。 • 牢记“介词后的动词一律用-ing”（to 作介词时尤其注意）。 • 作状语时，先找逻辑主语，确保与-ing构成主动关系。 • 遇到“被动+进行”含义，立即想到 being done。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中） _________the historical records carefully for months, the researcher finally uncovered a key detail that had been overlooked for decades. A．To examine B．Examining C．Examined D．Having examined 2．________ all the necessary preparations, the team felt confident that the crucial experiment ________ the next day would be a success. A．Made; having conducted B．Making; conducted C．To make; being conducted D．Having made; to be conducted 3．________ a well-known melody on his erhu, the old man sat on the bridge, attracting a small crowd. A．Played B．Playing C．To play D．Having played 4．（25-26高一上·河北·期中）The young man ________ between John and Jack is my teacher. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 5．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·期中）________ his grandfather’s advice, the boy decided to go to university and play music at the same time. A．Listened to B．Listening to C．To listen to D．Being listened to 6．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）The little boy still needs the _______ 20 dollars to deal with some things _______. A．remained; remained to be settled B．remaining; remaining to be settled C．remaining; remained to settle D．remained; remaining to settle 7．（25-26高二上·广东·期中）In front of my house _________ a number of tall trees, _________ great shade in the summer. A．stand; providing B．stands; providing C．are standing; providing D．is standing; to provide 8．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）The report, containing detailed analysis and supporting evidence, was submitted to the committee for review, which was expected to take several days before a decision could be made. 请问画线部分在句子的作用是 ________. A．状语 B．主语 C．非限定性定语从句 D．定语 9．（25-26高三上·天津和平·期中）The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed ________ the professor shared more on the topic he had dealt with. A．having been given; where B．being given; which C．having given; in which D．to be given; when 10．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）He was the first person ________ the challenging task, ________ everyone present. A．completing; astonishing B．to complete; astonishing C．completed; astonished D．to complete; astonished 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·山东济宁·期中）The museum’s collection, (range) from fresh graduates to seasoned professionals, bring diverse perspective to the project. 2．（25-26高一上·广东惠州·期中）The temple, (date) back to the 12th century, still attracts thousands of visitors every year. 3．（25-26高一上·广东河源·期中）Students who are found (cheat) during the test will be given a zero score. 4．（25-26高一上·广东佛山·期中）In the afternoon, I stay in my office, (do) lots of paperwork. 5．（25-26高一上·北京西城·期中）The park is open to people of all ages, (range) from young children to the elderly.（所给词的适当形式填空） 6．（25-26高二上·江苏南通·期中）To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, thus (bring) us a more accurate understanding of a situation. 7．（25-26高二上·广东·期中）The method, (combine) traditional techniques with modern technology, significantly improves efficiency. 8．（25-26高二上·重庆·期中）The company invests heavily in research and development, therefore (maintain) its competitive edge in the global market. 9．（25-26高二上·吉林·期中）In Japan, someone who witnesses another person (employ) the gesture might think it means money. 10．（24-25高一下·全国·课后作业）He wrote a letter     (request) permission to join the school’s music club. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）______ for two hours, we finally made our way to a place ______ by green grass and small wild flowers. A．Walked; covered B．Walking; to be covered C．Having walked; covering D．Having walked; covered 2．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）The wind ______ softly by the palace, we walked slowly to appreciate the lake. A．blowing B．blew C．blows D．to blow 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期中）________ the last bus, the girl had no choice but to ask her father to pick her up at the bus stop. A．Having missed B．Missing C．Missed D．To miss 4．（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）________ far away from his hometown for six months, Tom is looking forward to meeting his parents. A．Worked B．To work C．Having been worked D．Having worked 5．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）The old town is particularly charming at night, with countless lanterns ______ softly in the breeze. A．swing B．to swing C．swung D．swinging 二、语篇填空 （18-19高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 6 (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 7 (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 8 version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 9 (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 10 into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 11 (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend,   12 online shopping for Christmas begins. Last year, 13 (businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 14 (make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 15 about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03动词-ing形式作定语+表语+宾补+状语 （期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 动词-ing形式作定语 知识点02 动词-ing形式作表语 知识点03 动词-ing形式作宾补 知识点04 动词-ing形式作状语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本形式与特征 动词原形 + ing 特征：表示主动或进行。 • 熟记只能接-ing的动词及短语（核心约20个）。 • 准确判断-ing作主语/宾语/定语/状语/宾补的功能。 • 掌握-ing的时态和语态变化，特别是被动式 being done 在语法填空中的考查。 1. 综合化：在语篇（语法填空、短文改错）中综合考查-ing与不定式、过去分词的辨析。 2. 情景化：题干设置真实语境，考查-ing作状语（伴随、原因、结果）的理解与应用。 3. 高频搭配：look forward to， pay attention to， object to， devote to 等“介词+to”结构后接-ing是高频考点。 4. 写作渗透：书面表达中正确使用-ing作主语和状语，成为高分作文的必备要素。 2. 动名词与现在分词的区别 • 动名词：相当于名词，可作主语/宾语（Swimming is fun.） • 现在分词：相当于形容词/副词，作定语/状语/宾补（a smiling face） 3. 只能接-ing作宾语的动词 enjoy; finish, practice, mind, avoid, consider, suggest, miss 等 4. 动词-ing的时态和语态 • 一般式：doing（与谓语同时或之后） • 完成式：having done（先于谓语） • 被动式：being done（被动且同时）；having been done（被动且先于谓语） 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 动词-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前，有些动词-ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人......的”。动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，亦可表示被修饰词正在进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 Do you know the swimming boy in the swimming pool? 你认识那个正在游泳池里游泳的男孩吗？ He brought us surprising news. 他给我们带来了惊人的消息。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 2. 动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别： 动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。 The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示被动，且动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university.(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 （2023·天津·高考真题）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China. A．originating B．originated C．being originated D．having originated 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰fine clocks，且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故选A。 即时检测 1. （2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动，所以用extending。故选C。 知识点02动词-ing形式作表语 1．表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Our responsibility is serving the people. ＝Serving the people is our responsibility. 我们的职责是为人民服务。 2．表明主语的性质和特征，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这些词其实已转化为形容词。 Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。 The news is exciting.这则消息令人兴奋。 (1) 动词-ing形式与动词不定式作表语的区别： 1　 动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 2　 动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 Her wish is to start a learning club for the kids. 她的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。 (2) 感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 I was deeply moved by his moving words. 我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。 The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised. 他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。 典例 02 （24-25高一下·天津滨海新·期末）The terrible news was that the new virus _________ among animals was starting to infect human beings. A．was spreading B．spread C．spreading D．was spread 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：糟糕的消息是，在动物中传播的新病毒开始感染人类了。“(spread) among animals”作后置定语，spread(传播)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the new virus之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的动作，应用现在分词形式。故选C项。 即时检测 1. The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right place but to leave ________ the wrong thing at the ________ moment. A．unsay…tempted B．unsay…tempting C．unsaid...tempted D．unsaid...tempting 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：谈话的真正的艺术不在于说适合时宜的话,更在于在关键时刻将不该说出的话藏在心里。分析句子可知，the wrong thing是被说的，所以unsaid过去分词作宾补，“令人兴致高涨的“时刻应该用现在分词tempting作形容词 。故选D项。 易｜错｜点｜拨 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人；以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 知识点03动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 1．动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语。 在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。 In the crowded café，I heard a friendly voice saying，“You can share my table.” 在这间拥挤的咖啡馆里，我听到一声友好的问候：“你可以和我坐在一桌。” 1　 当动词-ing形式与句子的宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，则用其被动式“being done”。 I saw her being questioned by the police. 我看到她正在被警察盘问。 2　 see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用动词-ing形式和省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们经过教室，看见老师正在做实验。(只在经过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验) We sat for an hour and watched the teacher do the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看着老师做实验。(一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验，指全过程) 2．动词-ing形式在使役动词后作宾语补足语。 使役动词接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”；常见的使役动词有have，keep，get等。 It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你一直在房间里跑来跑去。 (1) 如果作宾语补足语的动词与宾语为被动关系，则用过去分词形式。 We should keep him informed of what is going on here.我们应该让他随时了解这里发生了什么。 (2) have/make＋宾语＋宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。 The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day.老板让他的工人每天工作12小时。 Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。 (3) have/get＋宾语＋done，done是过去分词作宾语补足语，意为“让别人去做某事”。 He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.他明天让人给他修电脑。 3．动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的用法。 在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”且与宾语为主动关系。 She threw the tortoise into the river with tears filling her eyes. 她把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。 典例 03 （2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故选C项。 即时检测 1. （2019·江苏·高考真题）China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我闻到厨房里有烧焦的味道。 我一会儿再打给你好吗? 本题的something与burn构成主动的关系，且表示正在进行，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 2. （2010·海南·高考真题）I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A．burning B．burnt C．being burnt D．to be burnt 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我闻到厨房里有烧焦的味道。 我一会儿再打给你好吗? 本题的something与burn构成主动的关系，且表示正在进行，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 知识点04动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，并在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1．时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。 Hearing these stories(＝When I hear these stories)，I’m skeptical about the place. 听到这些叙述，我对这个地方产生了怀疑。 2．原因状语 可以转换成as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他无法入睡。 3．条件状语 可以转换成if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，你会成功的。 Not taking advantage of the time(＝If you don’t take advantage of the time)，you’ll regret.如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。 4．让步状语 可以转换成although/though引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing all this(＝Although/Though they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 5．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，其前有逗号分开，有时分词前有副词thus，thereby修饰。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果造成延误。 6．方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)． 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。 He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)． 他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很久。 (1) 当动词-ing形式表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词表示的动作后发生时，用动词-ing形式的完成式; 若动词与句子主语为主动关系，用having done；若动词与句子主语为被动关系，则用having been done。 Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就去邮寄了。(having finished 是先发生的，went是后发生的) Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 (2) 动词-ed形式也可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等，与句子的主语构成动宾关系。 Generally speaking，if taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect. 一般来说，如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。 (3) 动词-ing形式作状语，有时也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表 伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 The last bus having gone，we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we) (4) 动词-ing形式的否定式：not＋v.-ing；not having＋v.-ed Not knowing this，he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 典例 04 （2023·天津·高考真题）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. A．Dating B．Being dated C．To date D．To be dated 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，可知此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故选A。 即时检测 1.（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 2.（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1. 动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但动词-ing形式作定语也有被动形式，即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle. 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music. 当前正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 2. 在with复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。 I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.(表示事情还未做) 有这些衣服要洗，我不能出去了。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.(表示状态) 整个下午他都锁着门工作。 3. 与不定式混淆：suggest to do（误，应为 suggest doing）；want doing（误，应为 want to do）。 4. 介词后的-ing遗漏：look forward to see（误，应为 to seeing）；be used to do（误，应为 to doing）。 5. 作状语时逻辑主语错误：Walking in the park， the trees are beautiful.（误，“走”的逻辑主语是“我”，不是树）。 6. 与过去分词混淆：The girl cried at the news. 误用 frightening（应为 frightened）→ 但此处考查的是-ing形式本身，需注意主被动判断。 7. 被动式 being done 遗漏：He avoided _____ (punish). 应填 being punished。 8. 完成式 having done 误用：在不需要强调“先于谓语”时误用完成式。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 整理“只能接-ing”和“只能接to do”的动词清单，对比记忆。 • 牢记“介词后的动词一律用-ing”（to 作介词时尤其注意）。 • 作状语时，先找逻辑主语，确保与-ing构成主动关系。 • 遇到“被动+进行”含义，立即想到 being done。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（25-26高二上·上海徐汇·期中） _________the historical records carefully for months, the researcher finally uncovered a key detail that had been overlooked for decades. A．To examine B．Examining C．Examined D．Having examined 2．________ all the necessary preparations, the team felt confident that the crucial experiment ________ the next day would be a success. A．Made; having conducted B．Making; conducted C．To make; being conducted D．Having made; to be conducted 3．________ a well-known melody on his erhu, the old man sat on the bridge, attracting a small crowd. A．Played B．Playing C．To play D．Having played 4．（25-26高一上·河北·期中）The young man ________ between John and Jack is my teacher. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 5．（25-26高一上·天津滨海新·期中）________ his grandfather’s advice, the boy decided to go to university and play music at the same time. A．Listened to B．Listening to C．To listen to D．Being listened to 6．（25-26高二上·广东广州·期中）The little boy still needs the _______ 20 dollars to deal with some things _______. A．remained; remained to be settled B．remaining; remaining to be settled C．remaining; remained to settle D．remained; remaining to settle 7．（25-26高二上·广东·期中）In front of my house _________ a number of tall trees, _________ great shade in the summer. A．stand; providing B．stands; providing C．are standing; providing D．is standing; to provide 8．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）The report, containing detailed analysis and supporting evidence, was submitted to the committee for review, which was expected to take several days before a decision could be made. 请问画线部分在句子的作用是 ________. A．状语 B．主语 C．非限定性定语从句 D．定语 9．（25-26高三上·天津和平·期中）The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed ________ the professor shared more on the topic he had dealt with. A．having been given; where B．being given; which C．having given; in which D．to be given; when 10．（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）He was the first person ________ the challenging task, ________ everyone present. A．completing; astonishing B．to complete; astonishing C．completed; astonished D．to complete; astonished 1.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过数月对历史记录的仔细研究，这位研究人员终于发现了一个被忽视了数十年的关键细节。主语是 the researcher，和 examine（查阅）是主动关系，且先于主句动作发生，应用having done形式。故选D。 2.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：做好了所有必要的准备后，团队对第二天将要进行的关键实验充满信心，认为它一定会成功。根据语境，第一空逻辑主语是the team，二者为主动关系，且“做准备”的动作发生在“感到有信心”之前，应用现在分词的完成式Having made；第二空the crucial experiment和conduct是被动关系，且实验是“第二天将要进行”的，应用不定式的被动式to be conducted作后置定语。故选D。 3.【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位老人坐在桥上，用二胡演奏着一首著名的旋律，吸引了一小群人。the old man与play之间是主动关系，即老人演奏旋律，用现在分词作状语。故选B项。 4.【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在约翰和杰克之间的那个年轻人是我的老师。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，且The young man与sit“坐”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰The young man。故选C。 5.【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听从了祖父的建议，这个男孩决定上大学的同时还继续玩音乐。decided为句子的谓语，空处与主句无连词，用非谓语动词，the boy与listen to构成主动关系，作状语，用现在分词listening。故选B。 6.【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词，非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：这个小男孩还需要剩下的20美元来处理一些未解决的事情。第一空用形容词作定语，修饰20 dollars，remain的形容词是remaining，意为“剩下的”；句中谓语是needs，第二空用非谓语动词，things和remain之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，“某物仍然有待被做”是sth. remain to be done，因此第二空是remaining to be settled。故选B。 7.【答案】A 【解析】考查完全倒装和非谓语动词。句意：在我家屋前矗立着许多高大的树木，它们在夏天为我提供了充足的阴凉。第一空前将表示方位的介词短语in front of my house置于句首，句子使用完全倒装结构，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子的主语为a number of tall trees，谓语动词用stand；第二空处使用非谓语动词作状语，a number of tall trees与provide之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词。故选A。 8.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该报告载有详细的分析和支持证据，已提交给委员会审查，预计需要几天时间才能作出决定。分析句子结构可知，containing detailed analysis and supporting evidence是现在分词作后置定语，修饰名词The report，故选D。 9.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：讲座结束后，接着是一个生动的问答环节，教授就他所讲的话题分享了更多内容。句中谓语是followed，第一空用非谓语动词，讲座是被做，且先于followed发生，因此第一空用having been given，和前面的逻辑主语构成独立主格结构；第二空引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词session是抽象地点，因此用where引导定语从句，故选A。 10.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词不定式和非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个完成这项具有挑战性的任务的人，使在场的每个人都大吃一惊。分析句子可知，该句第一空名词前有序数词first修饰时，后接定语需用不定式（to do）。“the first person to complete the challenging task”表示“第一个完成这项艰巨任务的人”。该句第二空为非谓语动词作状语，astonish和逻辑主语前面整个句子（“他是第一个完成任务” 这件事），二者为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选B项。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一下·山东济宁·期中）The museum’s collection, (range) from fresh graduates to seasoned professionals, bring diverse perspective to the project. 2．（25-26高一上·广东惠州·期中）The temple, (date) back to the 12th century, still attracts thousands of visitors every year. 3．（25-26高一上·广东河源·期中）Students who are found (cheat) during the test will be given a zero score. 4．（25-26高一上·广东佛山·期中）In the afternoon, I stay in my office, (do) lots of paperwork. 5．（25-26高一上·北京西城·期中）The park is open to people of all ages, (range) from young children to the elderly.（所给词的适当形式填空） 6．（25-26高二上·江苏南通·期中）To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, thus (bring) us a more accurate understanding of a situation. 7．（25-26高二上·广东·期中）The method, (combine) traditional techniques with modern technology, significantly improves efficiency. 8．（25-26高二上·重庆·期中）The company invests heavily in research and development, therefore (maintain) its competitive edge in the global market. 9．（25-26高二上·吉林·期中）In Japan, someone who witnesses another person (employ) the gesture might think it means money. 10．（24-25高一下·全国·课后作业）He wrote a letter     (request) permission to join the school’s music club. 1.【答案】ranging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆的藏品涵盖了从刚毕业的新人到经验丰富的专业人士等各类人员，为该项目带来了多元化的视角。此处range与collection构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填ranging。 2.【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座寺庙可以追溯到12世纪，每年仍然吸引着成千上万的游客。空处为非谓语动词作定语，其中date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”，与逻辑主语The temple之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填dating。 3.【答案】cheating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在考试中被发现作弊的学生将被判零分。who引导的定语从句已有谓语are found，动词cheat“作弊”用非谓语形式，find sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”的被动形式为sb. be found doing sth.“某人被发现正在做某事”，本空用现在分词形式cheating，作主语补足语。故填cheating。 4.【答案】doing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：下午，我待在办公室，做很多文书工作。句中已有谓语动词stay，“(do) lots of paperwork”作伴随状语，do(做)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填doing。 5.【答案】ranging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个公园对所有年龄段的人开放，从小孩到老人。句子已有谓语动词is open，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词people，range与其逻辑主语people为主动关系，需填现在分词形式。故填ranging。 6.【答案】bringing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总而言之，阅读从不同视角、不同阶段撰写的新闻报道是明智的，从而让我们对一件事有更准确的认识。句中已有谓语动词is，空格处需用非谓语动词；thus为副词“因此”，后接现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果，故填bringing。 7.【答案】combining 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：这种将传统技术与现代科技相结合的方法，显著提高了效率。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词improves，空处应用非谓语形式。此处“combine(结合)”与逻辑主语“The method(方法)”为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填combining。 8.【答案】maintaining 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司在研发方面投入巨资，从而保持其在全球市场上的竞争优势。句子谓语动词是invests，此处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，所以使用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填maintaining。 9.【答案】employing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在日本，如果有人看到别人做出这种手势，可能会认为其意在表示“钱”。witness sb. doing sth，意为“目睹/看见某人做某事”，此处person与employ构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填employing。 10.【答案】to request/requesting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他写了一封信，请求获得加入学校音乐俱乐部的许可。wrote a letter是为了request permission，此空可用动词不定式to request作目的状语，表示“为了请求”，说明写信的目的。此外，He与request是主谓关系，此空也可用现在分词requesting，作状语。故填to request/ requesting。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）______ for two hours, we finally made our way to a place ______ by green grass and small wild flowers. A．Walked; covered B．Walking; to be covered C．Having walked; covering D．Having walked; covered 2．（25-26高一上·广东·期中）The wind ______ softly by the palace, we walked slowly to appreciate the lake. A．blowing B．blew C．blows D．to blow 3．（25-26高三上·天津南开·期中）________ the last bus, the girl had no choice but to ask her father to pick her up at the bus stop. A．Having missed B．Missing C．Missed D．To miss 4．（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）________ far away from his hometown for six months, Tom is looking forward to meeting his parents. A．Worked B．To work C．Having been worked D．Having worked 5．（25-26高三上·天津·期中）The old town is particularly charming at night, with countless lanterns ______ softly in the breeze. A．swing B．to swing C．swung D．swinging 二、语篇填空 （18-19高一下·广东·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 6 (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 7 (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 8 version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 9 (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 10 into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 11 (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend,   12 online shopping for Christmas begins. Last year, 13 (businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 14 (make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 15 about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year. 1、 单项选择 1.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：走了两个小时后，我们终于来到了一个长满绿草和野花的地方。第一空为非谓语动词作状语，walk和逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，且该动作发生在谓语动词“来到”之前，故应用现在分词的完成式having walked；第二空为非谓语动词作定语，cover和逻辑主语place之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 2.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：风轻轻地吹过宫殿，我们慢慢地走着欣赏湖景。句中谓语是walked，空格处用非谓语动词，wind和blow之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构，故选A。 3.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于错过了末班车，这个女孩别无选择，只能让她的父亲到公交站接她。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，此处“错过末班车” 发生在 “不得不让父亲来接” 之前，需用现在分词的完成式表 “先于主句动作的主动动作”。故选A。 4.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆已经远离家乡工作六个月了，他盼望着见到父母。空格处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“Tom”与动词“work”是主动关系，且“工作”的动作发生在“盼望”之前，需用现在分词的完成式Having worked。故选D项。 5.【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：晚上的老城特别迷人，无数的灯笼在微风中轻轻地摆动。此处是with复合结构，lanterns和swing之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语，故选D。 二、语篇填空 【答案】6．busiest 7．was created 8．a 9．to end 10．it 11．response 12．when 13．businessmen 14．making 15．with 6．考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此处是形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。 7．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day 和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为was created。 8．考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处用不定冠词a，结合句意可知答案为a。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to end。 10．考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day，故答案为it。 11．考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处China’s是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答案为response。 12．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。 13．考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故答案为businessmen。 14．考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。 15．考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和------在一起”，故答案为with。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $