Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦过去分词作定语和宾语补足语这一核心语法点，通过“感知例句-发现规律-明确规则-名师点津-对点练习”的学习支架，系统梳理单个过去分词前置/后置定语、过去分词短语作定语及作宾语补足语的动词搭配（如have/get/make等），并结合高考真题实例构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以真实语境（Peter学骑车故事）导入，融合2023-2025年新高考真题提升语言运用能力，通过对比done、being done、to be done等非谓语形式培养思维品质，分层练习（单句填空、完成句子）助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师实例教学，课后帮助学生巩固查漏。

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures (语法项目——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语) Peter once hated cycling and his abandoned① bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a retired② bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself understood③ by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time given④. The method adopted by his coach⑤ was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he took part in, the cyclists involved⑥ all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal. [语法入门] ①②为过去分词作前置定语； ③为过去分词作宾语补足语； ④⑥为过去分词作后置定语； ⑤为过去分词短语作后置定语。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，在句子中不能单独构成谓语，可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语。 一、过去分词作定语 　　[先感知] ①The results indicated that something produced by the mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria. ②As Louis Pasteur said，“Fortune favours the prepared mind.” ③There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. ④Is there anything unsolved? ⑤The risen sun is shining brightly at noon. [会发现] (1)句①中的加黑部分为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语；句②中的加黑部分为单个过去分词，在句中作前置定语；句③中的left和concerned及句④中的unsolved则是单个过去分词作后置定语。 (2)及物动词(短语)作定语，一般表示被动和完成；不及物动词作定语，如句⑤中的加黑部分只表示动作的完成。 [明规则] 1．一般情况下，单个过去分词作定语，通常放在所修饰词之前。 (1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned (有关的)等。 (2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。 2．过去分词短语作定语时往往后置，通常放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 3．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作已完成。 　 [名师点津]　过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别： 　　　意义 形式　　　 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 　　[对点练] (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the recognized (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. ③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone. ④(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved (improve) grades and increased self-confidence. ⑤There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. ⑥The cars being_sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou. (2)同义句转换 ⑦He is a teacher who is loved by his students.(改为过去分词短语作后置定语) →He is a teacher loved_by_his_students. 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 [先感知] ①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched. ②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. ③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into. ④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. ⑤The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. [会发现] 以上结构中，过去分词在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语所发生的动作或存在的状态。 [明规则] 过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语，用于“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句式，说明宾语的性质或状态，构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种： 1．过去分词用在表示某种状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。 2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 5．用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 [名师点津]　过去分词、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 形式 宾语和构成宾补的动词之间的关系 意义 过去分词作宾补 逻辑上的动宾关系 表示被动、完成的动作 现在分词作宾补 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动、正在进行的动作 动词不定式作宾补(感官动词 hear, see, notice 等可接省略to 的不定式) 逻辑上的主谓关系 表示主动动作发生的全过程 　　[对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed (pass) from one generation to another. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them prepared (prepare) differently — more dumpling and less soup. ③But that's how nature is — always leaving us astonished (astonish)． ④Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed (wash)． ⑤With the problem solved (solve), the quality has been improved. ⑥They knew her very well. They had seen her grow (grow) up from childhood. ⑦The missing boy was last seen playing (play) near the river. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The USA is a shortened (shorten) name for the United States of America. 2．The bridge built(build) last year is reported to have fallen in the floods last week. 3．I have never visited the small village located(locate) on the other side of this river. 4．The origin of facial make-up used (use) in Peking Opera can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period. 5．Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people_trapped (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. 6．I just couldn't make myself understood(understand) while talking to a foreigner. 7．One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty hidden (hide) from his eyes. 8．People in the south have their houses made (make) of bamboo. 9．When he woke up, he found himself tied (tie) to bed and unable to move. 10．The steward was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged(arrange) in perfect order. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．The rescue team made_up_of_five_doctors_and_seven_nurses has been sent to the disaster area. 由5位医生和7名护士组成的救援队已被派往灾区。 2．The children trapped_in_the_burning_building were rescued successfully by firefighters. 那些困在起火大楼里的孩子被消防员成功救出来了。 3．Tsinghua University, founded_in_1911,_is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学，创办于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。 4．The theatre built_300_years_ago_has become a well-known tourist attraction. 这座建于300年前的剧院已成为著名的旅游景点。 5．With the Spring Festival approaching, I bought a toy decorated_with_colorful_lights_for my child. 随着春节的临近，我给孩子买了一个装饰着彩灯的玩具。 6．The teacher spoke louder to make_himself_heard,_but he failed. 为了让自己说话能被听到，老师说得更大声了点，但是未能奏效。 7．Her husband rushed home, only to find_the_door_locked. 她丈夫急匆匆赶回家，结果发现门已经被锁了。 8．With_the_whole_city_built around water, Guilin is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. 桂林是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，整个城市围绕着水而建。 9．As he was pushing his bicycle across the track, he was surprised to hear_his_name_called. 当他正推着他的自行车跨过这条小道时，他吃惊地听到有人叫他的名字。 10．When I came into the classroom this morning, I found_him_buried in a novel. 今天早上当我进教室的时候，我发现他正埋头读一本小说。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $