Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册教师用书word（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦现在完成时的被动语态核心知识点，通过真实语篇引入，对比现在完成时主动语态、被动语态及一般过去时被动语态，系统讲解结构、用法规则（如与时间状语连用、持续动作等）和注意事项（短语动词、双宾语、复合宾语的被动转换），辅以练习巩固，构建完整学习支架。 资料以黑河保护区生态保护为情境语篇，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，通过对比分析和规则归纳培养逻辑思维品质，分层练习题（对点练、单句填空等）助力学生主动调适学习策略。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures (语法项目——现在完成时的被动语态) Over the years, Zhou Zhanbin has witnessed① the reserve's improving environment. “The Heihe River's water level has risen② from below 40 centimeters decades ago to about 2 meters now，” he said.“Willow trees and grasses have been planted③ along the river banks, and more migratory birds are coming to this area.”According to Zhou Zhanbin, director of the county's wetland park administration office, to date, more than 460 hectares of vegetation have been restored④ in the part of the nature reserve in Gaotai county. Zhou said that last year, more than 56,000 birds were recorded⑤ in the reserve, which is becoming an increasingly important wintering site for those that are migrating, as well as a breeding site for species under state protection.“10 monitoring stations have also been set up⑥ in the reserve to study the distribution and migration of the birds，” Zhou added.With more birds calling the reserve their home, Zhou has become⑦ their devoted guardian.Every time he finds an injured or sick bird, he escorts (护送) it to a nearby rescue station via rowboat.“The environment has improved⑧， the air isn't so dry, and I get to see different types of birds every day. I can't bring myself to tear my eyes away from the beautiful scenery before me for even a second，” he said. [语法入门] ①②⑦⑧加黑部分为现在完成时的主动语态形式； ③④⑥加黑部分为现在完成时的被动语态形式； ⑤加黑部分为一般过去时的被动语态形式。 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，而且主语和谓语动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。其结构包括： 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？ 一、用法规则 [先感知] ①(教材典句)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. ②Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. ③How long has this film been shown? ④A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught. [会发现] ①②③④句都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。①②句为现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式；③句为特殊疑问式；④句为否定式。 [明规则] 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 4．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，而一般过去时的被动语态只表示过去的动作。 [名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already 已经 yet 已经 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经 so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 [对点练] (1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 ①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work. →Jack has_always_been_praised by his boss for his devotion to work. ②They have found a good place to build a hospital in the village. →A good place has_been_found by them to build a hospital in the village. ③We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. →How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn't_been_decided by us yet. (2)完成句子 ④I will go home when my homework has_been_finished.当我的家庭作业完成时，我就回家。 ⑤This tool has_been_used_for_over_one_thousand_years.这个工具已经被使用了1 000多年了。 二、注意事项 1．短语动词的被动语态 英语中的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，因此也可构成被动语态。短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时不可分开。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。 ①He has been operated on by the best surgeon. ②These problems have been seriously thought over. ③Some artists have been looked down upon in the past few years. ④The children have been taken good care of. [对点练]　(将下列句子改成被动句) ①Grandma has taken care of my sister for 3 years. →My_sister_has_been_taken_care_of_by_Grandma_for_3_years. ②Tom has sold out all the books. →All_the_books_have_been_sold_out_by_Tom. 2．带有双宾语的句子变为被动结构 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)． →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)． [对点练]　(将下面句子变为被动语态) He has sent me an e-mail. →I_have_been_sent_an_e-mail_(by_him)． →An_e-mail_has_been_sent_to_me_(by_him)． 3．带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构 (1)如果一个动词后带的是复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，变为被动句时，其方法是：把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。 (2)在主动语态中，用于动词(短语)feel, listen to, hear, let, make, have, notice, watch, see等后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成被动语态后要加上to。 ①They have chosen Tom captain. →Tom has been chosen captain. ②I have found him lying on the floor. →He has been found lying on the floor. ③People have seen him enter the building. →He has been seen to enter the building. [对点练]　(将下面句子变为被动语态) ①I have noticed Mary crying outside the house. →Mary_has_been_noticed_crying_outside_the_house. ②I have seen her come in. →She_has_been_seen_to_come_in. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．So far, most of our export goods have_been_transported (transport) by ship. 2．Both learning sites have_been_visited (visit) by over 10, 000 people since last year. 3．It is the first time that I have_been_scolded (scold)by my parents. 4．Quantities of water have_been_wasted (waste) so far. 5．In recent years, much research has_been_conducted (conduct) on the wildlife protection. 6．Wildlife has_been_threatened (threat) greatly by human expansion in the last few years. 7．Since the project started, nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs have_been_produced (produce). 8．Since the launch of the Chinese Space Station, several taikonauts have_been_sent_ (send) to work in it. 9．So far our workout rooms have_been_updated (update) with modern facilities. 10．I suggest that you (should) buy a new machine because the old one has_been_damaged (damage) beyond repair. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．These flowers have_been_watered;_you can go home. 这些花已经浇过水了，你可以回家了。 2．It_has_been_proved that water is fundamental to the development of life. 已经证实，水是生命发展的基础。 3．Her money has_been_run_out_of and her patience is also running out. 她的钱已经用完了，并且她的耐心也要耗尽了。 4．Traditional festivals have_been_passed_down to us from our ancestors. 传统节日是我们的祖先传下来的。 5．Since several years ago, great attention has_been_paid to the health and care of children by the government. 从几年前开始，政府就非常重视儿童的健康和保健。 6．The software has_been_downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.该软件已经下载了，可以帮助我的手机电池续航时间更长。 7．Since then, our life has_been_greatly_improved by the Internet. 自那以后，通过网络，我们的生活有了很大的改善。 8．Since these animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, the amount of plants has_been_reduced in the park. 由于这些动物消耗了大量的植被，该公园植物的数量减少了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $