Unit4 No Rules,No Order（知识清单）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制六年级下册

Unit 4 No Rules, No Order Unit 4 重点词汇 1. /ruːl/ n.规则；规章 2. /ˈɔːdə/ n.秩序；命令 v.点菜; 命令 3. /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随 4. /ə'raɪv/ v.到达 5. /ˈhɔːlweɪ/ n.走廊；过道 6. /ˈjuːnɪfɔ:m/ n.校服；制服 7. /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔 n.垃圾 8. /pəˈlaɪt/ adj.有礼貌的 9. /tri:t/ v.对待；招待；治疗 n.款待 10. /rɪˈspekt/ n.& v.尊敬 11. /ɪf/ conj.如果 12. /ˈdʒækɪt/ n．夹克衫；短上衣 13. /ˈevrɪθɪn/ pron.每件事；一切 14. /lend/ v.借给；借出 15. /swi:t/ n.糖果 adj.甜的 16. /snæk/ n.点心；小吃 17. /ˈməʊbaɪl/ adj.可移动的 18. /kju:/ n.队 19. /fi:d/ v.喂养；饲养 20. /li:v/ v.离开；留下 21. /ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的；不在的 22. /ˈkwaɪətlɪ/ adv.轻声地；安静地 23. /belt/ n.安全带；腰带；皮带 24. /ˈnɒɪz/ adj.吵闹的n.声音；噪声 25. /ʌnˈhæpɪ/ adj.不快乐的 26. （＝doctor）博士；医生 27. /ˈaıðə(r);ˈɪ:ðə(r)/ adv.也（用于否定词组后） 28. /ˈpræktɪs/ v.训练；练习 29. /hæŋ/ v.悬挂 30. /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ n.工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天） 31. /ˈɔːfl/ adj.糟糕的；讨厌的 32. /bɪˈkʌm/ v.变成；成为 33. /ˈbetə(r)/ adj.较好的 adv.较好地 34. /ˈpɜːsn/ n．人 35. /ˈfəʊkəs/ v.集中（注意力、精力等）；聚焦 36. /bɪld/ v.创建；建造 37. /ˈspɪrɪt/ n.精神；情绪 38. /rɪˈlæks/ v.放松；休息 39. /ədˈvaɪs/ n.建议；意见 40. /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v.理解；领会 41. /ʌnˈtaɪdɪ/ adj.不整洁的 重点短语 1. 迟到 2. 准时 3. 在课堂上 4. your hand 举手 5. + 形容词 保持... 6.be 有礼貌 7. want 想要做某事 8. 不得不 9. 遵守规则 10. 课间 11. 对......有好处 12. one’s hand 举手 13. the rules 遵守规则 14. 玩得开心 15. ... 想要...... 16. =lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 17. 当然 18. the phone 接电话 19. 带来 20. 移动电话 21. 关掉 22. ... 因......而感谢 23. the queue 插队 24. talk 小声讲话 25. 等待 26. 缺席 27. 穿上 28. 保持安静 29. 制造噪音 30. 太多 31. sb’s/the bed 整理床铺 32. wear the 穿校服 33. one’s homework 完成作业 34. 在工作日 35. need 需要去做某事 36. 闲逛，常去某处 37. 集中（注意力、精力等）于 38.build 建立校风 39. the world 让世界变得更好 40. 思考，考虑 41. 和某人好好相处 42. ...= ... 照顾 43. the goal 实现目标 44. our classmates 善待我们的同学 重点句型 1. Wear the . 穿校服。 2. Don’t . your school and . 不要乱扔垃圾，保持你的学校干净整洁。 3. and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人，尊重他人。 4. your hand if you want your teacher. 如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 5. —Can’t Mary run in the hallway? 玛丽能在走廊里跑吗？ — , . She walk in the hallway. 不，她不能，她只能在走廊里走。 6. We can’t our mobile phones class. 我们不能带手机去上课。 7. We have to them and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关机，把它们放在我们的储物柜里。 8. Why is the day special Tom? 为什么这一天对汤姆来说是特别的。 9. Why doesn’t Anne a sweet Tom? 为什么安妮不从汤姆那里拿走糖果。 10. in queue. You must your turn. 不要插队，你必须等到轮到你。 11.You must tell your teacher about it when you have to class. 你缺席的时候必须要告诉你的老师这件事。 12. I have to school because I can’t school. 我必须赶紧去学校，因为我不能上学迟到。 13. I play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 14. I know some rules are , but this is . 我知道有一些规则很重要，但是这个太糟糕了。 15. They can you a better person. 规则可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。 16. You can’t use your phone because you need to learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。 17. You have to wear a uniform because it . 你必须穿校服，因为它能建立校风。 18. And you can with friends at weekends! 周末你可以和朋友出去玩！ 19. Rules can help to the world . 规则可以帮助世界变得更好。 20.I know it can be difficult many rules, but rules can us. 我知道遵守这么多规则可能很困难，但规则对我们有好处。 语言目标 掌握祈使句的用法以及使用情态动词can, have to和must 来讨论规则。 【知识点1】 Don’t be late for class. Arrive on time. 上课不要迟到。准时到达。 【详解】 动词短语be late for意为“迟到”，侧重于状态；同义短语arrive late for 则侧重到达的时间晚 例如：arrive late for class/school. = be late for class/school. 上课/上学迟到 【拓展】 arrive 意为“到达”。 arrive at + 小地点，arrive in +大地点。 如：I will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天到上海。 I will arrive at the bus stop at 3:00 pm. 我将在下午三点到达公交车站。 【注意】arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时，不需要跟介词。 如：arrive home 到家 arrive here 到这儿 【辨析】arrive , reach与get 的区别 arrive 不及物动词，后需加介词才可接地点名词。arrive at + 小地点/ in+ 大地点。 I will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天到上海。 get 不及物动词，后需加介词to才可接地点名词。get to +地点名词 I usually get to school by bus. 我一般坐公交车到学校。 reach 及物动词，后直接接地点名词。reach + 地点名词 I reached the shop just now. 我刚刚到店里。 【辨析】 on time与in time on time 准时(在规定的时间之内) 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。 in time 及时(恰在时间点上) 强调与某个时刻一致。 和time有关的短语： at times 有时 at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时 all the time 一直 by the time 在...之前 【典例】 1. The train will ________ Beijing at 8:00 pm. (到达) 2. We finally ________ at the airport after being stuck in traffic for two hours. (到达) 3. What time did you get ________ last night? (家) 4.The mountain climbers ________ the summit after three days of hard climbing. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. left 5. She ________ Shanghai yesterday and will start work tomorrow. A. arrived in B. reached C. got D. arrived at 6. I usually ________ work at 9:00 am, but today I'm late. A. arrived in B. reached C. got to D. arrived at 【知识点2】 Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾，保持你的学校干净整洁。 【详解】“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持”。 例如：Country music keeps me relaxed. 乡村音乐使我放松。 We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 【拓展】keep常见的其他用法 1）“keep + 形容词”，意为“保持某种状态”。 例如：Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静! 2）“keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。 The teacher keeps the students looking at the blackboard. 老师让学生继续看黑板。 【典例】 1. To stay healthy, we should keep ________ and exercise regularly. A. happily B. happy C. health D. healthily 2. The teacher kept the students ________ the difficult math problem for nearly an hour. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 3.If you want to improve your English, you should keep __________ (practice) every day. 4. The noise outside kept me __________ (wake) all night. 【知识点3】 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人，尊重他人。 【详解1】 polite 是形容词,意为“有礼貌的”, 其反义词是impolite,意为“不礼貌的”。  politely是副词,意为“有礼貌地”,其反义词是impolitely,意为“不礼貌地”。 常用搭配： be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌。  【详解2】 treat的用法： 1．v. 对待、治疗、款待、处理； 2．n. 款待、治疗； 3．固定搭配： ① treat sb to sth 请某人吃或喝某物 例句：I treated my friends to a big dinner. 我请朋友们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ② treat sb/sth as 把某人/某物当作... 其含义相当于regard…as… 例句：I treat my pet dog as my best friend. 我把我的宠物狗当作自己最好的朋友来看待。 ③ treat sb for sth. 为某人治疗... 例句：The doctor treated him for a fever. 医生为他治疗了发烧。 ④ treat sb with sth “以……方式对待某人”, 跟随的是情感类的名词,如kindness, respect等。 例句：We should treat others with kindness. 我们应该友善待人。 【拓展】 万圣夜的主要活动之一： Trick or treat （不给糖就捣乱），是指万圣节孩子们挨家逐户要糖果等礼物,如不遂愿便恶作剧一番的风俗。 【典例】 1.We should ________ everyone equally, regardless of their background or social status. A. treat B. focus C. make D. respect 2. To celebrate her birthday, Lily ________ all her friends ________ a big dinner at the new restaurant. A. treated; for B. treated; to C. treated; as D. treated; with 3. The famous doctor ________ the patient ________ a rare heart disease last month. A. treated; for B. treated; with C. treated; to D. treated; as 4. In traditional Chinese medicine, doctors often ________ various illnesses ________ herbal remedies. A. treat; as B. treat; for C. treat; to D. treat; with 【知识点4】 She has to wear the school uniform. 她必须穿校服。 He must keep the school clean. 他必须保持学校干净。 【详解1】have to意思是"必须、不得不"表示客观上的需要, 后接动词原形,有人称和数的变化。 结构： 主语+have to+动词原形+其他  主语是第三人称单数时 主语+has to+动词原形+其他[来源:学&科&网] 否定形式: 主语+don't /doesn't have to+动词原形+其他 主语+doesn't have to+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句: Do 或Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他? 例如：—Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗 —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。 / 不,我不必。 【拓展】must和 have to强调重点不同：两者都表示“必须”，must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事，没有人称和数的变化；否定为mustn’t 意思为“不准”； have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。 【典例】 1. Tom has to do his homework at home.(改为否定句) Tom ________ ________ ________do his homework at home.  2. He has to go to bed at 9:30 every evening.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) —________he________ ________ go to bed at 9:30 every evening?  —________, he________.  3.Students ________ wear school uniforms on Mondays because it's a school rule. A. must B. may C. have to D. can 【详解2】 【辨析】wear, put on, dress, in的区别 1）wear是动词，它的意思是“穿”，它表示状态。 例如：My friend Jack wears a black T-shirt. 我的朋友杰克穿着一件黑色的T恤衫。 2）put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”，它表示动作。 例如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷，请穿上你的大衣。 3）dress 作动词时，表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人，也可以不接宾语。 例如：Can you dress your little brother? 你能给你的小弟弟穿衣服吗？ 4）in 表示穿着的状态，后接颜色或服装。 例如：The lady in white is my teacher. 穿白衣服的女士是我的老师。 【典例】 1. It's cold outside. You'd better ________ your coat before going out. A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in 2. The mother ________ her baby in a cute pink hat every morning. A. wears B. puts on C. dresses D. in 3. The lady ________ a red evening gown looks very elegant at the party. A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in 4. When I got home, I saw my little sister ________ my new shoes and walking around the house. A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. in 【知识点5】 I can lend you my pen. 我可以借我的笔给你。 【详解】lend 意为“借出去”，表示的是把自己的东西借给别人。 【辨析】lend, borrow与keep lend 借出 非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人 常用结构：lend sb sth或lend sth to sb ① Can you lend me your pen? 你能借你的笔给我吗？ ② You mustn’t lend it to others. 你不准把它借给别人。 borrow 借入ZXXK] 非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西 常用结构：borrow sth from sb ① Can I borrow your book？ 我可以借你的吗？ ② I want to borrow a book from you. 我想从你那借一本书。 keep 借(多久)源:xx_k. 延续性动词，表示＂借某物多长时间＂，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 表示借了某物多长时间，可以和时间段以及how long搭配 —How long can I keep the book? 我可以借这本书多久？ —Two weeks. 两个星期。 【图解助记】 【典例】 1. I left my pen at home. Could you please ____ me yours for a moment? A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. take 2. You can ____ this book for two weeks, but don't forget to return it to the library on time. A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. get 3.—Can I ____ your dictionary? I need to look up a word. —Sure. Here you are. But you can't ____ it too long. A. borrow; keep B. lend; keep C. borrow; borrow D. keep; borrow 【知识点6】 Would you like a sweet? 你想吃甜食吗？ 【详解】 would 为情态动词， 无人称，数变化 ，可以缩写成’d 如： I’d=I would you’d =you would he’d=he would ▲ would like 的常用句型： （1）would like sth. 想要某物 （2）—Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗？（征求意见） —Yes, please. 是的，请（肯定回答） / —No, thanks.不，谢谢（否定回答） （3）would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。=want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事； （4）Would you like to do… ? 你愿意去做……吗？ （征求意见） 肯定回答: Yes, I’d like / love to.是的，我愿意 否定回答，委婉拒绝: I’d like/ love to. But I have to study for a test I’m afraid not（我恐怕不能）, I have to do my homework. （5）would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。 （6）would like比want/feel like doing sth.（想要做某事）更委婉、更正式, 注意：（1）would like 构成的问句表示委婉语气，some不用变成any。 （2）疑问句时，记得把人称放在would like 中间。 【典例】 1.—____ some coffee? —Yes, please. But just a little. A. Would you like B. Will you like C. Do you like D. Did you like 2.I would like____ a new bike for my birthday, but my parents bought me a book instead. A. to have B. having C. to having D. have 3.My mother would like me (study) abroad next year. 【知识点7】We can’t bring our mobile phone to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。 【详解】bring 作及物动词，意为“带来；取来”，经常与介词to或with连用。 常用搭配：bring sb./sth.to... 意为“把某人／某物带到···...”； bring sb./sth.with sb. 意为“某人带着／带来某人／某物”。 例如：Jim, please remember to bring your basketball to school. 吉姆，请记得把你的篮球带到学校来。 The girl brings a bag with her. 这个女孩带着一个包。 【拓展】bring、take、carry、fetch和get的用法区别 bring 带来；拿来 指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方，多与here连用。 take 带走；拿走 指把人或物从说话人所在地带到别处去，多与there连用。 carry 搬运 无方向性，含＂负重＂之意，一般指随身携带，如手提、肩扛等。 fetch 去拿来 指从说话者所在地到别处去把人或物带回来。 get 去拿来 get与fetch同义，但更口语化。 【图解助记】[来源: 【典例】 一、单项选择 1. The waiter ________ the dishes to the table and then ________ away the empty plates after we finished eating. A. brought; took B. took; brought C. carried; fetched D. fetched; got 2.Could you please ________ me that book from the shelf? I can't reach it. A. bring B. take C. carry D. get 3.When you travel, you have to ______ your luggage through the airport and ______ it onto the plane. A. bring; take B. fetch; get C. carry; take D. take; bring 4.I'm going to the kitchen. Do you want me to ________ you a glass of water? A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch 【知识点8】 We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关机，把它们放在我们的储物柜里。 【详解】turn off “关掉” ， 指将设备或开关从开启状态转变为关闭状态。 【拓展】 辨析turn on， turn off， turn up和 turn down turn on 与 turn off 相对应：turn up与turn down相对应。其中 on，off，up，down均为副词，当代词作宾语时，应置于动词和副词之间。 ★turn on 表示“打开”，常指开灯或打开家用电器。 ★turn off表示“关掉”，常指关掉自来水、电灯以及家用电器等。=shut off ★turn up 表示“开大，调高”，常指调高（电器等）音量。还有出现、露面的意思。 ★turn down表示“关小，调低”，常指调低（电器等）音量。还有拒绝的意思。 【典例】 1.When you leave the room, please remember to ________ the lights and ________ the fan before you go to bed. A. turn on; turn off B. turn off; turn on C. turn up; turn down D. turn down; turn up 2.The music is too loud. Could you please ________ the volume? I can't concentrate on my homework. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 3.We invited over 50 people to the party, but only about 30 ________ in the end. Some canceled at the last minute. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down 4.She was offered a promotion with a higher salary, but she ________ it ________ because she didn't want to move to another city. A. turned; on B. turned; off C. turned; up D. turned; down 【知识点9】 That’s another rule. 这是另一条规则。 【详解】 another 指不定数目（三个或三个以上）中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数名词。 例如：Would you like another bowl of noodles? 你想再来一碗面吗？ · 【拓展】辨析other, others, the other, the others和another other 意为：“其他的”；后要接名词复数形式； any other +可数名词单数：其他的任何一个…… 例句：他比我们班上任何一名学生都要高。 He is taller than student in our class. others=other+复数名词 泛指其他人或物，others后不接名词； some...others...一些…另一些… 例句：有一些学生喜欢下棋，一些喜欢画画，还有一些喜欢阅读。 Some students like chess, some like painting, while like reading. the other 表“两者中的另一个”，一般不接名词，省略。 one. . . the other. . . 一个……另一个…… 例句：我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是工程师。 I have two brothers. is a doctor, is an engineer. the others 指：“其余的（几个，一些）”，后不接名词。 我们班上除了两个学生考试没通过外，其他的都通过了。 Only two students in my class failed in the examination, all passed(通过) it. another 指三个或三个以上的“另一、再一”; 一般后接名词 “another+基数词＋名词” =“基数词＋more+名词” 例句：我不喜欢这件衬衫，请给我拿另外一件。 I don’t like this blouse, please give me one. 我还需要两张椅子。 I need desks.= I need desk. 【典例】 1. Some students prefer math, while ________ like English better. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 2. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 3. Five students passed the exam, but ________ failed because they didn't study hard. A. other B. others C. the others D. another 4. This cake is delicious. Can I have ________ piece, please? A.another B.others C.the other D.other 【知识点10】You must raise your hand first. 你必须先举手。 【详解】raise 是及物动词，表示 “举起”，后面要直接跟宾语。此外，raise还有“饲养、供养，筹集” 的意思。 例句：If you have any questions, raise your hands. 如果你有问题，请举手。 Their family raised a big dog. 他们家养了一条大狗。 raise money for 为…筹钱 【拓展】 rise为不及物动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risen。不能用于被动语态。后面要带上介词后才能加宾语，。指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。 例句：Prices rise every day in those countries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 【典例】 1.请用rise或raise填空。 The sun _____ in the east every morning and the farmer _____ his hand to shade his eyes. 2.You need to _____ your voice if you want to be heard, but your voice will _____ naturally when you are excited. A. raise; rise B. rise; raise C. raise; raise D. rise; rise 【知识点11】 There are too many rules in my life. 在我的生活中有很多规则。 【详解】形容词短语too many意为“太多”，后跟可数名词复数。 【拓展】辨析too many, too much和much too的用法 短语 含义 用法 too many 太多 形容词短语，修饰可数名词复数 too much 太多 形容词短语，修饰不可数名词 much too 太，非常 副词短语，修饰副词或形容词 注意：没有many too的表达 【典例】 1.Our school has ________ rules. But we have to follow them. A. many too B. too much C. too many D. much too 2. 用too much, too many或者much too填空。 There are trees in our school. It’s beautiful. We shouldn’t waste time at school. 【知识点12】 When I’m in school, I mustn’t use the phone. In class either. 当我在学校的时候，我不能用电话。在课堂上也是。 【详解】either在本句子中作副词，意为“也（不）”。 either作为连词构成短语“either…or…”表示“要么......要么......; 或者......或者......”的意思。 【拓展】 辨析either, too和also的用法。 易混词 意义及用法 either “也”，用于否定句中，置于句末，可以用“，”隔开，也可以不用。 too “也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开 also “也”，用于肯定句句中，置于系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 例如：Tom can’t play football, either. I like reading, too. I am also a middle school student. 【典例】 1.I don't like spicy food, and my brother doesn't like it _____. A. too B. also C. either D. neither 2.She can speak English well, and she can _____ speak a little French. A. either B. too C. also D. as well 3.My father likes hiking, and I like it _____. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 【知识点13】 I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 【详解】practise作动词，意为“训练；练习”。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 常用搭配“practise (doing) sth. 练习（做）某事”。 例如：We can see Dave practise (playing) the piano. 【拓展】 practice 可以作动词或名词，意为“练习”。 作动词时，和practise的用法一致。作名词时，常做不可数名词。 例如：Let’s do some practice. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 【典例】 1.— What do you usually do after school? —I often practise ________ the guitar. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 2. You need more _______ if you want to get better grades. A. lesson B. money C. mistake D. practice 【知识点14】 You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。 【详解1】need此处作实义动词，意为“需要”，后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式等作宾语。在句子中有人称和数的变化。 例句：I need a hat. 我需要一顶帽子。 Where’s his pen? He needs it. 他的钢笔在哪里？他需要它。 We need to eat healthy food. 我们需要吃健康的食物。 拓展句型：There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。 【拓展】need还可用作情态动词，意为“需要”，用法如下： 1)没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 2)可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 3)其否定形式为needn’t，意为“不需要；没必要”。 4)need引导一般疑问句时， 肯定回答是：“Yes, 主语（人称代词主格）+must.”； 否定回答是：“No，主语（人称代词主格）+needn’t.”。 例如：—Need he do his homework first? 他需要先做作业吗？ —Yes, he must./ No, he needn’t. 是的，他需要（先做作业）。 / 不，他不需要（先做作业） 【典例】 1. —Must I finish the report by Friday? —No, you __________. You can hand it in next Monday. A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't need D. needn't to 2.The refugees are in urgent __________ of food, water and medical supplies. A. need B. needs C. needing D. needed 3.The classroom is very dirty. Tom needs__________ it. Because he is on duty today. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 【知识点15】 Remember: No rules, no order! 记住：没有规则就没有秩序！ 【详解1】 remember是及物动词，意为“记住，记起”；其反义词是forget，意为“忘记”。 remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语，本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。 例如：I can’t remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。 【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sth remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事，说明事情还没有做，相当于don’t forget to do sth. remember doing sth 记得做过某事，说明事情已经做过 【典例】 1.I still remember_____ my first day at school. It was exciting and a little scary. A. to have B. having C. to having D. have 2.Please remember_____ off the lights when you leave the room. We need to save electricity. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. to turning 【详解2】“No＋名词”是一个常见的英语结构，通常用于否定句中，表示某物或某事不存在或没有。以下是这种结构的一些常见用法： 1．No＋名词 表示否定或缺乏 例如： No money 没有钱 No time 没有时间， No problem 没问题 2．No＋名词 表示禁止或不允许 例如： No smoking 禁止吸烟。 3．No＋名词 表示拒绝或不同意： 例如： No way 绝对不 【详解3】 1. rule n. 规则；规章 v.统治 ruler 意为：统治者；直尺 固定搭配：follow the rules 遵守规则 against the rules 违反规则 2.order ①n. 顺序; 点餐；订购 keep order 维持秩序 in good/bad order 有/无条理 take one’s order 点菜 make an order 下单 ②v.命令；点餐；订购 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事。 ③拓展固定搭配： in order to do sth. 目的是做某事； 为了做某事。 in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是...；为了... 例句：May I take your order, sir? 先生，我可以请您点菜了吗？ He gets up early every morning in order to catch the bus . 为了赶上公交车，他每天起得很早。 =He gets up early every morning in order that he can catch the bus. 【典例】 1._____ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning. A. So as to B. In order that C. In order to D. So that 2.______ smoking here. Can't you see the sign? A. Not B. Don't C. No D. Not any 3.The strict teacher ordered the students （hand）in their phones before class. 【知识点16】 Dr. Know’s advice 【详解】advice 意为：建议；意见（不可数名词） 常用搭配：a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见 【拓展】 advise 建议 （动词） 常用搭配： ①advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 例句： My mother advises me to study hard. 我妈妈建议我要努力学习。 ②advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事。 例句：I advise him not play in the street. 我建议他不要在街上玩。 【近义词】 suggest v.建议；暗示 → suggestion n.建议（可数） 【典例】 1.I asked my teacher for some _____ about choosing a university. A. advices B. advice C. order D. rules 2.The teacher advises the students （take）notes in class. 3.I’ll give you some ________ (suggest) and ________ (advise) on how to learn English. （一）祈使句 （1）定义: 用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。 （2）构成：祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。 1) 肯定祈使句 Do型 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他 Listen to the teacher carefully! Be 型 Be + 表语（名词/形容词） + 其他 Be careful!/Be a good man. Let 型 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 +其他 Let me help you. 2) 否定祈使句 Do型 在句首 + Don’t Don’t forget me. Be 型 在句首 + Don’t Don’t be late! Let 型 Don’t let sb do sth.或者Let sb. not do sth. Don’t let him go. = Let him not go. No 型 No +n.或者No + doing No photos. No parking. （3）答语: 祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。 【注意】在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致和意义相反。即：yes与will；no与won’t要一致；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。 Eg:：—Don’t go out. It’s raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。 —Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢 —No, I won’t. I will stay at home. 好的，我不会去的。我待在家就好。 （4）祈使句的其他形式：用名词，形容词，副词，动词等直接表达。简洁明快，口语化。 Eg: Hands up! 举起手来！ Eg：Help！ 救命！ Eg: Off the grass! 勿踏草坪！ 对祈使句的回答： ---Close the door, please. ---Certainly./ Sure./ OK./ Yes./ Of course, I will. ---Don't be late for school, Sam! --- No, I won't. (当然，我不会的。) （5）祈使句的反义疑问句：通常使用 will you？ Open the door, will you？ 开开门，好吗？ Don't be late for school, will you？不要迟到，好吗？ 注意区别： Let us go to class, will you? 让我们去上课，好吗？ Let's go to the library, shall we? 咱们去图书馆吧，好吗？ 祈使句用法歌诀 祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。 主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。 否定形式要注意，句首要把Don’t加。 要讲客气用please，句首、句末没关系。 【当堂训练】 1. You must be careful with your work.（改为祈使句） → _______________________________ 2. Don't talk loudly in the library.（改为肯定句） → _______________________________ 3. Let's go for a walk.（改为反意疑问句） → _______________________________ 4. Please open the window.（改为否定句） → _______________________________ 5. You can't smoke here.（改为祈使句） → _______________________________ 6. ______ late for school again, Tom! A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not 7. ______ more exercise, and you'll be healthier. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes 8. Let's go swimming, ______? A. shall we B. will you C. don't we D. do we 9. —Remember to turn off the lights before you leave. —______ A. Yes, I will. B. No, I won't. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I don't. 10. ______ carefully, please! There is a mistake in your homework. A. Checks B. Checking C. To check D. Check （二）情态动词 情态动词+动词原形 无人称和数的变化 肯定形式 否定形式 用法 can 可以 can’t 不可以 (1) 表示能力 He can speak English. (2) 表示请求或允许 Can I help you? (3) 表示猜测--100%否定 Eg: --Look at the girl at the gate! --That can’t be Jane, she went to the library. could couldn’t may 可能 may not 可能不 (1) 表示请求或允许 (2) 表示希望、祝愿。 (3) 表示猜测（可能） might might must必须 mustn’t 禁止 (1) 表示命令“必须” (2) 表示猜测（可能） They must be at home. The light is on. have to必须 Don’t/doesn’t have to 不必 must主观看法，认为有必要或有意义去做某事； have to 侧重于客观，含有“不得不”之意。 Eg：You don't have to tell him about it. need 需要 needn’t 不必 need do sth 是情态动词 need to do sth. 是实义动词 had better do 最好... had better not do 最好不要.... Eg: You had better bring a coat. 其余 will--would将 shall-- should应该 ought to应当 dare敢 【当堂训练】 1.You ______ finish your homework before you watch TV. A. must B. can C. may D. might 2. —______ I use your pen? Mine is broken. —Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Need 3. He ______ be at home now. The lights are off and the door is locked. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 4.Students ______ bring mobile phones to school according to the new rule. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. wouldn't 5. You ______ have told me the truth earlier. I feel so disappointed. A. should B. could C. would D. might 6. —______ we clean the classroom now? —No, you ______. You can do it after school. A. Must; mustn't B. Need; needn't C. Must; don't have to D. Should; shouldn't 1、 单元写作主题 本单元教材写作情境为“以Dr Know的身份回复Eric，给他一些建议。”，属于“人与社会”主题范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群，涉及子主题“和谐家庭与社区生活”。此类写作要求学生能够运用祈使句及情态动词can, have to与must谈论规章制度。 本单元话题在近3年全国中考试题中的考查角度涉及：①讨论规则对安全的意义；②遵守规则的原因及如何遵守规则。其他常见写作角度涉及：向他人介绍自己的家规并讨论对家规的看法。 2、 写作思路提示 开头：开篇点明家里有很多家规 ①My name is… ② There are too many rules in my family. ③I have to follow many rules in my family. 正文：具体介绍自己需要遵守的家规及自己的感受 ① I have to/ must … every day. ②My parents ask me (not) to … in my free time. ③ Besides , I canˈt … ④I feel… but I… ⑤I think my parents are too strict with me. 结尾：提出自己的解决办法 ①I often talk with my parents about … ②And I often help them do housework . ③These are my good ways to get on well with them. 3、 佳句积累 教材原句 (1) They must turn them off and keep them in their lockers. (Pronunciation 2d) (2) Wear the school uniform. (Section A 1a) (3) Keep the rules and letˈs have fun! (Pronunciation 2) (4) He must keep the school clean and tidy. (Section A 1c) (5) Here, I can lend you my pen. (Pronunciation 2a) 课外佳句 (6) My class has many rules. (7) I can become better through following rules. 四、针对练习 (1) 我放学后必须先做作业。(用must翻译)            (2) 保持教室整洁。(用以动词原形开头的祈使句结构翻译)            (3) 让我们好好地遵守规则吧! (用letˈs do sth结构翻译)            (4) 我们应该保持我们的房间整洁。(用keep sth+adj. 结构翻译)            (5) Mandy把她的书借给我。(用lend翻译)            (6) 用there be句型改写：            (7) 用make sb+ adj. 结构改写            五、写作范文 假如你是张华，你的朋友John给你写信抱怨家里的规矩太多，没有自由，希望你能开导他。请你根据下面表格中的提示信息，用英语给John回一封80词左右的信。 Your family rules canˈt watch TV or play computer games; have to take after-school lessons ... Your opinions focus on studies; good for ... Your advice talk; make rules together ... 佳作赏析 Dear John, In your letter you say your parents are too strict with you. In fact, itˈs the same in my family. ① Let me tell you some rules of my family. ② Firstly, I canˈt watch TV or play computer games on weekdays. ③ So I can focus on my studies and finish my homework quickly.② Secondly, I have to take after-school lessons at weekends. ③ They make me tired, but I firmly believe that they are good for me.② Whatˈs more, I must be kind, thankful and respect others. ③ It helps me make a lot of good friends and Iˈm quite popular among my classmates. ④ I think you can talk about your family rules with your parents and make the family rules together with them. As children, we should follow the rules in schools as well as at homes. I believe that the rules will lead us to have a healthy and meaningful life. Yours, Zhang Hua 名师点评 ①用Let me tell you ...引出我的家规。 ②用firstly, secondly, whatˈs more具体介绍我的家规。 ③用So I can ... I believe that they ... It helps me ...引出我的看法。 ④用I think you can ... I believe that the rules will ...分享自己的建议，并表达期望。 六、实战演练 假定你是李华，请你根据表格内的提示信息写一封电子邮件，向你在美国的笔友Alice介绍你的班规，并谈谈你的感受。 Class Rules Must keep quiet in class, finish homework on time Canˈt eat food, use mobile phones, run or play 要求：(1)参考以上提示内容，可适当发挥； (2)语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； (3)文中不得出现任何你的真实信息； (4)词数70词左右 (开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear Alice, Howˈs it going? Iˈm glad to share my class rules with you. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 No Rules, No Order Unit 4 重点词汇 1.rule /ruːl/ n.规则；规章 2.order /ˈɔːdə/ n.秩序；命令 v.点菜; 命令 3.follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随 4.arrive /ə'raɪv/ v.到达 5.hallway /ˈhɔːlweɪ/ n.走廊；过道 6.uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔ:m/ n.校服；制服 7.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔 n.垃圾 8.polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj.有礼貌的 9.treat /tri:t/ v.对待；招待；治疗 n.款待 10.respect /rɪˈspekt/ n.& v.尊敬 11.if /ɪf/ conj.如果 12.jacket /ˈdʒækɪt/ n．夹克衫；短上衣 13.everything /ˈevrɪθɪn/ pron.每件事；一切 14.lend /lend/ v.借给；借出 15.sweet /swi:t/ n.糖果 adj.甜的 16.snack /snæk/ n.点心；小吃 17.mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl/ adj.可移动的 18.queue /kju:/ n.队 19.feed /fi:d/ v.喂养；饲养 20.leave /li:v/ v.离开；留下 21.absent /ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的；不在的 22.quietly /ˈkwaɪətlɪ/ adv.轻声地；安静地 23.belt /belt/ n.安全带；腰带；皮带 24.noise /ˈnɒɪz/ adj.吵闹的n.声音；噪声 25.unhappy /ʌnˈhæpɪ/ adj.不快乐的 26.Dr （＝doctor）博士；医生 27.either /ˈaıðə(r);ˈɪ:ðə(r)/ adv.也（用于否定词组后） 28.practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v.训练；练习 29.hang /hæŋ/ v.悬挂 30.weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ n.工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天） 31.awful /ˈɔːfl/ adj.糟糕的；讨厌的 32.become /bɪˈkʌm/ v.变成；成为 33.better /ˈbetə(r)/ adj.较好的 adv.较好地 34.person /ˈpɜːsn/ n．人 35.focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v.集中（注意力、精力等）；聚焦 36.build /bɪld/ v.创建；建造 37.spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ n.精神；情绪 38.relax /rɪˈlæks/ v.放松；休息 39.advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n.建议；意见 40.understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v.理解；领会 41.untidy /ʌnˈtaɪdɪ/ adj.不整洁的 重点短语 1.be late for 迟到 2. on time 准时 3. in class 在课堂上 4. put up your hand 举手 5. keep + 形容词 保持... 6.be polite 有礼貌 7. want to do sth. 想要做某事 8. have to 不得不 9. follow rules 遵守规则 10. between classes 课间 11. be good for... 对......有好处 12.raise one’s hand 举手 13. keep the rules 遵守规则 14. have fun 玩得开心 15. would you like... 想要...... 16. lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 17. of course 当然 18. answer the phone 接电话 19. bring to 带来 20. mobile phone 移动电话 21. turn off 关掉 22. thanks for... 因......而感谢 23. jump the queue 插队 24. talk quietly 小声讲话 25. wait for 等待 26. be absent from 缺席 27. put on 穿上 28. keep quiet 保持安静 29. make noise 制造噪音 30. too many 太多 31. make sb’s/the bed 整理床铺 32. wear the uniform 穿校服 33. finish one’s homework 完成作业 34. on weekdays 在工作日 35. need to do sth. 需要去做某事 36. hang out 闲逛，常去某处 37. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于 38.build school spirit 建立校风 39.make the world better 让世界变得更好 40.think about 思考，考虑 41.get on/along well with sb. 和某人好好相处 42. take care of...=look after... 照顾 43. achieve the goal 实现目标 44. be kind to our classmates 善待我们的同学 重点句型 1. Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。 2. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾，保持你的学校干净整洁。 3.Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人，尊重他人。 4.Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher. 如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 5. —Can’t Mary run in the hallway? 玛丽能在走廊里跑吗？ —No, she can’t. She has to walk in the hallway. 不，她不能，她只能在走廊里走。 6. We can’t bring our mobile phones to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。 7. We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关机，把它们放在我们的储物柜里。 8. Why is the day special for Tom? 为什么这一天对汤姆来说是特别的。 9. Why doesn’t Anne take a sweet from Tom? 为什么安妮不从汤姆那里拿走糖果。 10. Don’t jump in queue. You must wait for your turn. 不要插队，你必须等到轮到你。 11.You must tell your teacher about it when you have to be absent from class. 你缺席的时候必须要告诉你的老师这件事。 12. I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school. 我必须赶紧去学校，因为我不能上学迟到。 13. I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 14. I know some rules are important, but this is awful . 我知道有一些规则很重要，但是这个太糟糕了。 15. They can help you to become a better person. 规则可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。 16. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。 17. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit. 你必须穿校服，因为它能建立校风。 18. And you can hang out with friends at weekends! 周末你可以和朋友出去玩！ 19. Rules can help to make the world better. 规则可以帮助世界变得更好。 20.I know it can be difficult to follow many rules, but rules can be good for us. 我知道遵守这么多规则可能很困难，但规则对我们有好处。 语言目标 掌握祈使句的用法以及使用情态动词can, have to和must 来讨论规则。 【知识点1】 Don’t be late for class. Arrive on time. 上课不要迟到。准时到达。 【详解】 动词短语be late for意为“迟到”，侧重于状态；同义短语arrive late for 则侧重到达的时间晚 例如：arrive late for class/school. = be late for class/school. 上课/上学迟到 【拓展】 arrive 意为“到达”。 arrive at + 小地点，arrive in +大地点。 如：I will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天到上海。 I will arrive at the bus stop at 3:00 pm. 我将在下午三点到达公交车站。 【注意】arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时，不需要跟介词。 如：arrive home 到家 arrive here 到这儿 【辨析】arrive , reach与get 的区别 arrive 不及物动词，后需加介词才可接地点名词。arrive at + 小地点/ in+ 大地点。 I will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天到上海。 get 不及物动词，后需加介词to才可接地点名词。get to +地点名词 I usually get to school by bus. 我一般坐公交车到学校。 reach 及物动词，后直接接地点名词。reach + 地点名词 I reached the shop just now. 我刚刚到店里。 【辨析】 on time与in time on time 准时(在规定的时间之内) 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。 in time 及时(恰在时间点上) 强调与某个时刻一致。 和time有关的短语： at times 有时 at the same time 同时 from time to time 不时 all the time 一直 by the time 在...之前 【典例】 1. The train will ________ Beijing at 8:00 pm. (到达) 【答案】reach 【解析】此处需要及物动词直接加地点宾语"Beijing"。arrive需说"arrive in Beijing"，get需说"get to Beijing"，而reach可以直接说"reach Beijing"。 2. We finally ________ at the airport after being stuck in traffic for two hours. (到达) 【答案】arrived 【解析】固定搭配arrive at + 小地点（airport）。reach可直接用"reached the airport"，get则可用"got to the airport"。但"arrive at"是最常见的正式表达。 3. What time did you get ________ last night? (家) 【答案】home 【解析】get home是固定口语表达（home前省略to）。get后接地点副词时，要省略介词to。 4.The mountain climbers ________ the summit after three days of hard climbing. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. left 【答案】B 【解析】reach是及物动词，可直接接宾语the summit。故选B。 5. She ________ Shanghai yesterday and will start work tomorrow. A. arrived in B. reached C. got D. arrived at 【答案】A 【解析】arrive in + 大城市（如Shanghai）是标准搭配。reach Shanghai和get to Shanghai也正确，但选项中没有这些形式。 6. I usually ________ work at 9:00 am, but today I'm late. A. arrived in B. reached C. got to D. arrived at 【答案】C 【解析】get to work 去工作。其他选项不能和work进行搭配。 【知识点2】 Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾，保持你的学校干净整洁。 【详解】“keep +sb./sth.+形容词”表示“使某人或者某物保持某种状态”。此句式中的keep是动词，意为“保留，保存，保持”。 例如：Country music keeps me relaxed. 乡村音乐使我放松。 We must keep the class clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 【拓展】keep常见的其他用法 1）“keep + 形容词”，意为“保持某种状态”。 例如：Keep quiet, please! 请保持安静! 2）“keep sb. doing sth.”表示“让某人继续/不断地做某事”。 The teacher keeps the students looking at the blackboard. 老师让学生继续看黑板。 【典例】 1. To stay healthy, we should keep ________ and exercise regularly. A. happily B. happy C. health D. healthily 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查"keep + 形容词"结构，表示"保持某种状态"。 2. The teacher kept the students ________ the difficult math problem for nearly an hour. A. solve B. to solve C. solving D. solved 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查"keep sb. doing sth."结构，表示"让某人持续做某事"。 3.If you want to improve your English, you should keep __________ (practice) every day. 【答案】practicing 【解析】本题考查"keep + doing"结构。所给单词为practice，动词，故变为现在分词，故填practicing。 4. The noise outside kept me __________ (wake) all night. 【答案】awake 【解析】本题考查"keep + 形容词"结构。所给单词为wake，动词，故变为形容词awake，故填awake。 【知识点3】 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 礼貌待人，尊重他人。 【详解1】 polite 是形容词,意为“有礼貌的”, 其反义词是impolite,意为“不礼貌的”。  politely是副词,意为“有礼貌地”,其反义词是impolitely,意为“不礼貌地”。 常用搭配： be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌。  【详解2】 treat的用法： 1．v. 对待、治疗、款待、处理； 2．n. 款待、治疗； 3．固定搭配： ① treat sb to sth 请某人吃或喝某物 例句：I treated my friends to a big dinner. 我请朋友们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ② treat sb/sth as 把某人/某物当作... 其含义相当于regard…as… 例句：I treat my pet dog as my best friend. 我把我的宠物狗当作自己最好的朋友来看待。 ③ treat sb for sth. 为某人治疗... 例句：The doctor treated him for a fever. 医生为他治疗了发烧。 ④ treat sb with sth “以……方式对待某人”, 跟随的是情感类的名词,如kindness, respect等。 例句：We should treat others with kindness. 我们应该友善待人。 【拓展】 万圣夜的主要活动之一： Trick or treat （不给糖就捣乱），是指万圣节孩子们挨家逐户要糖果等礼物,如不遂愿便恶作剧一番的风俗。 【典例】 1.We should ________ everyone equally, regardless of their background or social status. A. treat B. focus C. make D. respect 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们应该平等地对待每个人，不管他们的背景和社会地位。treat，对待；focus集中注意；make，制造；respect，尊重。根据句意，应选A。 2. To celebrate her birthday, Lily ________ all her friends ________ a big dinner at the new restaurant. A. treated; for B. treated; to C. treated; as D. treated; with 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查treat sb. to sth.的用法，意为"招待某人吃/喝某物"。题干中celebrate her birthday和a big dinner提示这是"请客吃饭"的场景，因此选B。 3. The famous doctor ________ the patient ________ a rare heart disease last month. A. treated; for B. treated; with C. treated; to D. treated; as 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查treat sb. for sth.的用法，意为"治疗某人的...疾病"。题干中doctor, patient, disease明确指向医疗场景，for直接引出疾病名称，因此选A。 4. In traditional Chinese medicine, doctors often ________ various illnesses ________ herbal remedies. A. treat; as B. treat; for C. treat; to D. treat; with 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查treat...with的用法，意为"用...方法/药物治疗"。题干中herbal remedies(草药疗法)是治疗方法，因此用with连接，表示"用草药治疗各种疾病"。 【知识点4】 She has to wear the school uniform. 她必须穿校服。 He must keep the school clean. 他必须保持学校干净。 【详解1】have to意思是"必须、不得不"表示客观上的需要, 后接动词原形,有人称和数的变化。 结构： 主语+have to+动词原形+其他  主语是第三人称单数时 主语+has to+动词原形+其他[来源:学&科&网] 否定形式: 主语+don't /doesn't have to+动词原形+其他 主语+doesn't have to+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句: Do 或Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他? 例如：—Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗 —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的,我必须。 / 不,我不必。 【拓展】must和 have to强调重点不同：两者都表示“必须”，must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事，没有人称和数的变化；否定为mustn’t 意思为“不准”； have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。 【典例】 1. Tom has to do his homework at home.(改为否定句) Tom ________ ________ ________do his homework at home.  【答案】doesn’t have to 【解析】本题考查have to的否定式。主语为第三人称单数，因此否定句为“主语+doesn't have to+动词原形+其他”。 2. He has to go to bed at 9:30 every evening.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) —________he________ ________ go to bed at 9:30 every evening?  —________, he________.  【答案】Does, have to ; No, doesn’t 【解析】本题考查have to的一般疑问句，以及否定回答。此题主语为第三人称单数，一般疑问句“Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他?”否定回答为“No, he doesn’t.” 3.Students ________ wear school uniforms on Mondays because it's a school rule. A. must B. may C. have to D. can 【答案】C 【解析】题干明确说明"because it's a school rule"（因为这是校规），校规属于外部规章制度，是客观存在的要求，不是个人主观判断。因此用 have to 更准确，表示"因为校规而不得不穿校服"。 【详解2】 【辨析】wear, put on, dress, in的区别 1）wear是动词，它的意思是“穿”，它表示状态。 例如：My friend Jack wears a black T-shirt. 我的朋友杰克穿着一件黑色的T恤衫。 2）put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”，它表示动作。 例如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 外面非常冷，请穿上你的大衣。 3）dress 作动词时，表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人，也可以不接宾语。 例如：Can you dress your little brother? 你能给你的小弟弟穿衣服吗？ 4）in 表示穿着的状态，后接颜色或服装。 例如：The lady in white is my teacher. 穿白衣服的女士是我的老师。 【典例】 1. It's cold outside. You'd better ________ your coat before going out. A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in 【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中"before going out"（出门前）明确指向"穿上衣服"这一动作，这是建议对方完成"穿"这个动作，而非描述穿着状态。故选B。 2. The mother ________ her baby in a cute pink hat every morning. A. wears B. puts on C. dresses D. in 【答案】C 【解析】题干中her baby是人，作宾语，mothers dress their babies（母亲给婴儿穿衣）是固定搭配。故选C。 3. The lady ________ a red evening gown looks very elegant at the party. A. wear B. put on C. dress D. in 【答案】D 【解析】句子已有谓语动词looks，需要非谓语成分修饰The lady，"in a red evening gown"是介词短语作后置定语，相当于who is in a red evening gown。故选D。 4. When I got home, I saw my little sister ________ my new shoes and walking around the house. A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. in 【答案】A 【解析】see sb. doing sth.结构中，doing作宾补。后文"walking around the house"表明妹妹已经"穿着"鞋子走动，是状态而非穿的动作。故选A。 【知识点5】 I can lend you my pen. 我可以借我的笔给你。 【详解】lend 意为“借出去”，表示的是把自己的东西借给别人。 【辨析】lend, borrow与keep lend 借出 非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人 常用结构：lend sb sth或lend sth to sb ① Can you lend me your pen? 你能借你的笔给我吗？ ② You mustn’t lend it to others. 你不准把它借给别人。 borrow 借入ZXXK] 非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西 常用结构：borrow sth from sb ① Can I borrow your book？ 我可以借你的吗？ ② I want to borrow a book from you. 我想从你那借一本书。 keep 借(多久)源:xx_k. 延续性动词，表示＂借某物多长时间＂，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 表示借了某物多长时间，可以和时间段以及how long搭配 —How long can I keep the book? 我可以借这本书多久？ —Two weeks. 两个星期。 【图解助记】 【典例】 1. I left my pen at home. Could you please ____ me yours for a moment? A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. take 【答案】A 【解析】本题主语是"you"（you could please lend），是从"你"的角度请求把笔借出来，所以用lend正确。故选A。 2. You can ____ this book for two weeks, but don't forget to return it to the library on time. A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. get 【答案】C 【解析】本题关键词"for two weeks"是时间段，需要表示"持续保留"的意思，所以用keep。故选C。 3.—Can I ____ your dictionary? I need to look up a word. —Sure. Here you are. But you can't ____ it too long. A. borrow; keep B. lend; keep C. borrow; borrow D. keep; borrow 【答案】A 【解析】第一空：borrow（借入）。主语是"I"，表示"我借你的字典"，是借入方的角度，用borrow。 第二空：keep（保留）。否定词后接"it too long"，表示时间长度，keep可以跟时间段连用表示"保留多久"。 borrow是瞬时动作，不能与too long搭配。 【知识点6】 Would you like a sweet? 你想吃甜食吗？ 【详解】 would 为情态动词， 无人称，数变化 ，可以缩写成’d 如： I’d=I would you’d =you would he’d=he would ▲ would like 的常用句型： （1）would like sth. 想要某物 （2）—Would you like some …? 你想要一些……吗？（征求意见） —Yes, please. 是的，请（肯定回答） / —No, thanks.不，谢谢（否定回答） （3）would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。=want sb. to do sth 想要某人去做某事； （4）Would you like to do… ? 你愿意去做……吗？ （征求意见） 肯定回答: Yes, I’d like / love to.是的，我愿意 否定回答，委婉拒绝: I’d like/ love to. But I have to study for a test I’m afraid not（我恐怕不能）, I have to do my homework. （5）would like sb to do sth “想要某人做某事”。 （6）would like比want/feel like doing sth.（想要做某事）更委婉、更正式, 注意：（1）would like 构成的问句表示委婉语气，some不用变成any。 （2）疑问句时，记得把人称放在would like 中间。 【典例】 1.—____ some coffee? —Yes, please. But just a little. A. Would you like B. Will you like C. Do you like D. Did you like 【答案】A 【解析】Would you like...? 是礼貌地询问对方"想要..."的常用句型，用于提供建议或邀请。will 不能用于这种客气的询问。Do you like...? 是询问对方的一般喜好（"你喜欢...吗？"），不是当前是否想要。本题是提供咖啡的礼貌问法，用would like最恰当。 2.I would like____ a new bike for my birthday, but my parents bought me a book instead. A. to have B. having C. to having D. have 【答案】A 【解析】would like to do sth 是固定结构，表示"想要做某事"。故选A。 3.My mother would like me (study) abroad next year. 【答案】to study 【解析】would like sb to do sth 是固定结构，表示"想要某人做某事"。故填to study。 【知识点7】We can’t bring our mobile phone to class. 我们不能带手机去上课。 【详解】bring 作及物动词，意为“带来；取来”，经常与介词to或with连用。 常用搭配：bring sb./sth.to... 意为“把某人／某物带到···...”； bring sb./sth.with sb. 意为“某人带着／带来某人／某物”。 例如：Jim, please remember to bring your basketball to school. 吉姆，请记得把你的篮球带到学校来。 The girl brings a bag with her. 这个女孩带着一个包。 【拓展】bring、take、carry、fetch和get的用法区别 bring 带来；拿来 指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方，多与here连用。 take 带走；拿走 指把人或物从说话人所在地带到别处去，多与there连用。 carry 搬运 无方向性，含＂负重＂之意，一般指随身携带，如手提、肩扛等。 fetch 去拿来 指从说话者所在地到别处去把人或物带回来。 get 去拿来 get与fetch同义，但更口语化。 【图解助记】[来源: 【典例】 一、单项选择 1. The waiter ________ the dishes to the table and then ________ away the empty plates after we finished eating. A. brought; took B. took; brought C. carried; fetched D. fetched; got 【答案】A 【解析】第一空选brought：服务员把菜"带来"到我们所在的餐桌。bring表示"从别处带到说话人所在地"，符合语境。第二空选took：服务员在我们吃完后"拿走"空盘子。take表示"从说话人所在地带到别处去"，符合"把盘子从我们这里移走"的动作。 2.Could you please ________ me that book from the shelf? I can't reach it. A. bring B. take C. carry D. get 【答案】D 【解析】get在口语中常用来表示"去取来"，相当于fetch但更常用。这里指对方去书架取下书再"拿来"给我，包含往返动作。 3.When you travel, you have to ______ your luggage through the airport and ______ it onto the plane. A. bring; take B. fetch; get C. carry; take D. take; bring 【答案】C 【解析】第一空选carry：在机场"搬运"行李，carry强调"负担、搬运"的物理动作，不涉及方向变化，最符合"拖着行李走"的场景。第二空选take：take除了"带走"，还可以表示"乘坐（交通工具）"。take it onto the plane意为"把它带上飞机"，是固定搭配。 4.I'm going to the kitchen. Do you want me to ________ you a glass of water? A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch 【答案】D 【解析】fetch表示"去取来"，强调从说话人所在地到别处，取到东西后再返回原地。这句话中，我去厨房（离开），取水后回来给你，正好是fetch的典型用法。 【知识点8】 We have to turn them off and put them in our lockers. 我们必须关机，把它们放在我们的储物柜里。 【详解】turn off “关掉” ， 指将设备或开关从开启状态转变为关闭状态。 【拓展】 辨析turn on， turn off， turn up和 turn down turn on 与 turn off 相对应：turn up与turn down相对应。其中 on，off，up，down均为副词，当代词作宾语时，应置于动词和副词之间。 ★turn on 表示“打开”，常指开灯或打开家用电器。 ★turn off表示“关掉”，常指关掉自来水、电灯以及家用电器等。=shut off ★turn up 表示“开大，调高”，常指调高（电器等）音量。还有出现、露面的意思。 ★turn down表示“关小，调低”，常指调低（电器等）音量。还有拒绝的意思。 【典例】 1.When you leave the room, please remember to ________ the lights and ________ the fan before you go to bed. A. turn on; turn off B. turn off; turn on C. turn up; turn down D. turn down; turn up 【答案】B 【解析】第一空选turn off：离开房间时要"关闭"灯光。turn off表示"关闭、关掉"，用于电器、设备等。 第二空选turn on：睡觉前要"打开"风扇。turn on表示"打开、开启"，与turn off相反。 2.The music is too loud. Could you please ________ the volume? I can't concentrate on my homework. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 【答案】D 【解析】音乐太大声了，需要"调低"音量。turn down表示"调低、关小"，用于音量、温度、亮度等可调节的强度。 3.We invited over 50 people to the party, but only about 30 ________ in the end. Some canceled at the last minute. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down 【答案】C 【解析】turn up可以表示"出现、露面"，尤其指到达某个场所或事件。这里指30人最终出席了派对。 4.She was offered a promotion with a higher salary, but she ________ it ________ because she didn't want to move to another city. A. turned; on B. turned; off C. turned; up D. turned; down 【答案】D 【解析】turn down可以表示"拒绝（提议、邀请等）"。这里指她拒绝了升职机会，原因是不想搬家。 【知识点9】 That’s another rule. 这是另一条规则。 【详解】 another 指不定数目（三个或三个以上）中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数名词。 例如：Would you like another bowl of noodles? 你想再来一碗面吗？ · 【拓展】辨析other, others, the other, the others和another other 意为：“其他的”；后要接名词复数形式； any other +可数名词单数：其他的任何一个…… 例句：他比我们班上任何一名学生都要高。 He is taller than any other student in our class. others=other+复数名词 泛指其他人或物，others后不接名词； some...others...一些…另一些… 例句：有一些学生喜欢下棋，一些喜欢画画，还有一些喜欢阅读。 Some students like chess, some like painting, while others like reading. the other 表“两者中的另一个”，一般不接名词，省略。 one. . . the other. . . 一个……另一个…… 例句：我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是工程师。 I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is an engineer. the others 指：“其余的（几个，一些）”，后不接名词。 我们班上除了两个学生考试没通过外，其他的都通过了。 Only two students in my class failed in the examination, the others all passed(通过) it. another 指三个或三个以上的“另一、再一”; 一般后接名词 “another+基数词＋名词” =“基数词＋more+名词” 例句：我不喜欢这件衬衫，请给我拿另外一件。 I don’t like this blouse, please give me another one. 我还需要两张椅子。 I need another two desks.= I need two more desk. 【典例】 1. Some students prefer math, while ________ like English better. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 【答案】B 【解析】others是代词，指"其他的人或物"，泛指. Here it refers to other students (not math-preferring ones). 句子中缺少主语，需要代词。 2. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, and ________ is a doctor. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 【答案】C 【解析】前文明确提到"two sisters"（两个姐妹），范围确定。the other指两者中的另一个，符合语法和逻辑。 3. Five students passed the exam, but ________ failed because they didn't study hard. A. other B. others C. the others D. another 【答案】C 【解析】前文提到"Five students passed"（五名学生通过了），暗示有一个更大的确定范围。the others特指"其余所有的学生"，范围明确。 4. This cake is delicious. Can I have ________ piece, please? A.another B.others C.the other D.other 【答案】A 【解析】another修饰单数名词piece，表示"再一块、另一块"，暗示"三者或以上的另一个"。这里是在已吃的基础上想要再来一块。 【知识点10】You must raise your hand first. 你必须先举手。 【详解】raise 是及物动词，表示 “举起”，后面要直接跟宾语。此外，raise还有“饲养、供养，筹集” 的意思。 例句：If you have any questions, raise your hands. 如果你有问题，请举手。 Their family raised a big dog. 他们家养了一条大狗。 raise money for 为…筹钱 【拓展】 rise为不及物动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risen。不能用于被动语态。后面要带上介词后才能加宾语，。指依次上升，如自然界的日、月、星、雾、云的上升，人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。 例句：Prices rise every day in those countries. 在那些国家物价天天上涨。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 【典例】 1.请用rise或raise填空。 The sun _____ in the east every morning and the farmer _____ his hand to shade his eyes. 【答案】rises；raises 【解析】第一空用 rises（太阳"升起"是不及物动词，主语是"太阳",单数名词。谓语动词变为三单形式。） 第二空用 raises（农夫"举起"手是及物动词，后面有宾语his hand。谓语动词变为三单形式。） 2.You need to _____ your voice if you want to be heard, but your voice will _____ naturally when you are excited. A. raise; rise B. rise; raise C. raise; raise D. rise; rise 【答案】A 【解析】第一空用 raise（"提高"声音是及物动词，后面有宾语your voice）。第二空用 rise（声音"升高"是不及物动词，主语是your voice） 【知识点11】 There are too many rules in my life. 在我的生活中有很多规则。 【详解】形容词短语too many意为“太多”，后跟可数名词复数。 【拓展】辨析too many, too much和much too的用法 短语 含义 用法 too many 太多 形容词短语，修饰可数名词复数 too much 太多 形容词短语，修饰不可数名词 much too 太，非常 副词短语，修饰副词或形容词 注意：没有many too的表达 【典例】 1.Our school has ________ rules. But we have to follow them. A. many too B. too much C. too many D. much too 【答案】C 【解析】后有rules“规矩”，为复数名词。too many + 可数名词复数。故选C。 2. 用too much, too many或者much too填空。 There are trees in our school. It’s beautiful. We shouldn’t waste time at school. 【答案】too many; much too; too much 【解析】trees为可数名词复数，故填too many。beautiful为形容词，故填much too。time为不可数名词，故填much too。 【知识点12】 When I’m in school, I mustn’t use the phone. In class either. 当我在学校的时候，我不能用电话。在课堂上也是。 【详解】either在本句子中作副词，意为“也（不）”。 either作为连词构成短语“either…or…”表示“要么......要么......; 或者......或者......”的意思。 【拓展】 辨析either, too和also的用法。 易混词 意义及用法 either “也”，用于否定句中，置于句末，可以用“，”隔开，也可以不用。 too “也”，用于肯定句句末，用“，”隔开 also “也”，用于肯定句句中，置于系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 例如：Tom can’t play football, either. I like reading, too. I am also a middle school student. 【典例】 1.I don't like spicy food, and my brother doesn't like it _____. A. too B. also C. either D. neither 【答案】C 【解析】前面是否定句（don't like），所以用 either 表示"也不"。 2.She can speak English well, and she can _____ speak a little French. A. either B. too C. also D. as well 【答案】C 【解析】also 通常放在句中（情态动词can之后，动词speak之前）。故选C。 3.My father likes hiking, and I like it _____. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 【答案】B 【解析】前面一句为肯定句。too 用于肯定句句末。故选B。 【知识点13】 I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. 我只有练完钢琴才能打篮球。 【详解】practise作动词，意为“训练；练习”。其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 常用搭配“practise (doing) sth. 练习（做）某事”。 例如：We can see Dave practise (playing) the piano. 【拓展】 practice 可以作动词或名词，意为“练习”。 作动词时，和practise的用法一致。作名词时，常做不可数名词。 例如：Let’s do some practice. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 【典例】 1.— What do you usually do after school? —I often practise ________ the guitar. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 【答案】C 【解析】practise doing sth. 练习做某事。故选C。 2. You need more _______ if you want to get better grades. A. lesson B. money C. mistake D. practice 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果你想取得更好的成绩，你需要更多的练习。lesson，课程；money，钱；mistake错误；practice，练习。根据句意可知，选D。 【知识点14】 You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. 你不能在课堂上使用手机，因为你需要专注于学习。 【详解1】need此处作实义动词，意为“需要”，后面可以跟名词、代词或动词不定式等作宾语。在句子中有人称和数的变化。 例句：I need a hat. 我需要一顶帽子。 Where’s his pen? He needs it. 他的钢笔在哪里？他需要它。 We need to eat healthy food. 我们需要吃健康的食物。 拓展句型：There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事。 【拓展】need还可用作情态动词，意为“需要”，用法如下： 1)没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 2)可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。 3)其否定形式为needn’t，意为“不需要；没必要”。 4)need引导一般疑问句时， 肯定回答是：“Yes, 主语（人称代词主格）+must.”； 否定回答是：“No，主语（人称代词主格）+needn’t.”。 例如：—Need he do his homework first? 他需要先做作业吗？ —Yes, he must./ No, he needn’t. 是的，他需要（先做作业）。 / 不，他不需要（先做作业） 【典例】 1. —Must I finish the report by Friday? —No, you __________. You can hand it in next Monday. A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't need D. needn't to 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 need 作情态动词的否定回答。对 Must I...? 的否定回答，常用 No, you needn't 或 No, you don't have to，表示"不必"。needn't 是情态动词 need 的否定形式，后接动词原形。选项 A mustn't 表示"禁止"，不符合句意；选项 C don't need 后应接 to do；选项 D needn't to 结构错误，情态动词后不能加 to。 2.The refugees are in urgent __________ of food, water and medical supplies. A. need B. needs C. needing D. needed 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查固定搭配 in need of（需要……）。该短语中 need 是名词，且常用单数形式，前面可以有 urgent/great/desperate 等形容词修饰。句意：难民急需食物、水和医疗用品。选项 B needs 是复数形式，不符合固定搭配；选项 C needing 和选项 D needed 都不是该短语的正确形式。 3.The classroom is very dirty. Tom needs__________ it. Because he is on duty today. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleans 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查固定搭配need to do sth.此题need为实义动词，故后接不定式。 【知识点15】 Remember: No rules, no order! 记住：没有规则就没有秩序！ 【详解1】 remember是及物动词，意为“记住，记起”；其反义词是forget，意为“忘记”。 remember后可接名词、代词、动词-ing或动词不定式作宾语，本句中remember后面的句子作其宾语。 例如：I can’t remember his telephone number.我记不得他的电话号码了。 【比较记忆】remember to do sth.与remember doing sth remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事，说明事情还没有做，相当于don’t forget to do sth. remember doing sth 记得做过某事，说明事情已经做过 【典例】 1.I still remember_____ my first day at school. It was exciting and a little scary. A. to have B. having C. to having D. have 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 remember doing sth.（记得做过某事）的用法。句意"我仍然记得开学第一天"，说明"记得"的是已经发生过的事情。 2.Please remember_____ off the lights when you leave the room. We need to save electricity. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. to turning 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 remember to do sth.（记得要去做某事）的用法。句意"离开房间时请记得关灯"，表示提醒对方要做某事，动作尚未发生。 【详解2】“No＋名词”是一个常见的英语结构，通常用于否定句中，表示某物或某事不存在或没有。以下是这种结构的一些常见用法： 1．No＋名词 表示否定或缺乏 例如： No money 没有钱 No time 没有时间， No problem 没问题 2．No＋名词 表示禁止或不允许 例如： No smoking 禁止吸烟。 3．No＋名词 表示拒绝或不同意： 例如： No way 绝对不 【详解3】 1. rule n. 规则；规章 v.统治 ruler 意为：统治者；直尺 固定搭配：follow the rules 遵守规则 against the rules 违反规则 2.order ①n. 顺序; 点餐；订购 keep order 维持秩序 in good/bad order 有/无条理 take one’s order 点菜 make an order 下单 ②v.命令；点餐；订购 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事。 ③拓展固定搭配： in order to do sth. 目的是做某事； 为了做某事。 in order that = so that +目的状语从句 目的是...；为了... 例句：May I take your order, sir? 先生，我可以请您点菜了吗？ He gets up early every morning in order to catch the bus . 为了赶上公交车，他每天起得很早。 =He gets up early every morning in order that he can catch the bus. 【典例】 1._____ avoid traffic jams, he leaves home at 6 a.m. every morning. A. So as to B. In order that C. In order to D. So that 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 in order to 在句首的用法及与易混结构的辨析。当目的状语置于句首时，只能用 In order to 或 To，不能用 So as to（只能用于句中）。句意：为了避免交通堵塞，他每天早上6点就出门。选项 C 正确。选项 B In order that 和 D So that 后需接从句（主语+谓语），不符合本句结构；选项 A So as to 不能用于句首。 2.______ smoking here. Can't you see the sign? A. Not B. Don't C. No D. Not any 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查 No + 动名词 表示"禁止……"的用法。No smoking 是固定表达，用于标志牌和规章制度中，意为"禁止吸烟"。句意：这里禁止吸烟，难道你没看到标志吗？选项 A 和 D 无法构成正确表达；选项 B Don't smoke 虽也表禁止，但后接动词原形，且不属于 No + 名词 结构。 3.The strict teacher ordered the students （hand）in their phones before class. 【答案】to hand 【解析】句意：这位严厉的老师命令学生们在上课前上交手机。order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事。 【知识点16】 Dr. Know’s advice 【详解】advice 意为：建议；意见（不可数名词） 常用搭配：a piece of advice 一条建议 give sb. some advice 给某人提一些建议 take/follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议 ask sb. for some advice 向某人征求意见 【拓展】 advise 建议 （动词） 常用搭配： ①advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 例句： My mother advises me to study hard. 我妈妈建议我要努力学习。 ②advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事。 例句：I advise him not play in the street. 我建议他不要在街上玩。 【近义词】 suggest v.建议；暗示 → suggestion n.建议（可数） 【典例】 1.I asked my teacher for some _____ about choosing a university. A. advices B. advice C. order D. rules 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我向老师咨询了一些关于选择大学的建议。advice作为不可数名词，没有复数形式。 2.The teacher advises the students （take）notes in class. 【答案】to take 【解析】句意：老师建议学生们在上课时做笔记。advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 3.I’ll give you some ________ (suggest) and ________ (advise) on how to learn English. 【答案】suggestions;advice 【解析】suggest的名词为suggestion，且为可数名词，故变为复数。advise的名词为advice，为不可数名词。 （一）祈使句 （1）定义: 用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。 （2）构成：祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。 1) 肯定祈使句 Do型 动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他 Listen to the teacher carefully! Be 型 Be + 表语（名词/形容词） + 其他 Be careful!/Be a good man. Let 型 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 +其他 Let me help you. 2) 否定祈使句 Do型 在句首 + Don’t Don’t forget me. Be 型 在句首 + Don’t Don’t be late! Let 型 Don’t let sb do sth.或者Let sb. not do sth. Don’t let him go. = Let him not go. No 型 No +n.或者No + doing No photos. No parking. （3）答语: 祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。 【注意】在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致和意义相反。即：yes与will；no与won’t要一致；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。 Eg:：—Don’t go out. It’s raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。 —Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢 —No, I won’t. I will stay at home. 好的，我不会去的。我待在家就好。 （4）祈使句的其他形式：用名词，形容词，副词，动词等直接表达。简洁明快，口语化。 Eg: Hands up! 举起手来！ Eg：Help！ 救命！ Eg: Off the grass! 勿踏草坪！ 对祈使句的回答： ---Close the door, please. ---Certainly./ Sure./ OK./ Yes./ Of course, I will. ---Don't be late for school, Sam! --- No, I won't. (当然，我不会的。) （5）祈使句的反义疑问句：通常使用 will you？ Open the door, will you？ 开开门，好吗？ Don't be late for school, will you？不要迟到，好吗？ 注意区别： Let us go to class, will you? 让我们去上课，好吗？ Let's go to the library, shall we? 咱们去图书馆吧，好吗？ 祈使句用法歌诀 祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。 主语是you常省去，动词原形开头记。 否定形式要注意，句首要把Don’t加。 要讲客气用please，句首、句末没关系。 【当堂训练】 1. You must be careful with your work.（改为祈使句） → _______________________________ 【答案】Be careful with your work. 【解析】将带有情态动词must的陈述句改为祈使句时，直接省略主语you和情态动词，用动词原形开头。注意保持原句核心含义"小心对待工作"。 2. Don't talk loudly in the library.（改为肯定句） → _______________________________ 【答案】Talk loudly in the library. 【解析】否定祈使句改为肯定句时，只需去掉句首的"Don't"，保留动词原形即可。原句"不要大声说话"变为"大声说话"。 3. Let's go for a walk.（改为反意疑问句） → _______________________________ 【答案】Let's go for a walk, shall we? 【解析】以Let's（包含说话者和听者）开头的祈使句，反意疑问句部分用"shall we?"，表示"让我们……好吗？"这是固定用法。 4. Please open the window.（改为否定句） → _______________________________ 【答案】Please don't open the window. / Don't open the window, please. 【解析】肯定祈使句变否定句时，在动词原形前加don't。Please可放在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。 5. You can't smoke here.（改为祈使句） → _______________________________ 【答案】Don't smoke here. / No smoking here. 【解析】含有"can't/mustn't"的否定句改为祈使句时，省略主语，用"Don't + 动词原形"结构，或No + doing/n. 的结构。表示禁止或劝阻。 6. ______ late for school again, Tom! A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not 【答案】B 【解析】考查否定祈使句的构成。be late是系表结构，否定形式应在be动词前加don't，构成"Don't be + 形容词"。选项A缺少be动词；C、D结构错误。 7. ______ more exercise, and you'll be healthier. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes 【答案】C 【解析】考查肯定祈使句。这是一个"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构，祈使句部分用动词原形开头，表示条件。句意："多锻炼，你会更健康。" 8. Let's go swimming, ______? A. shall we B. will you C. don't we D. do we 【答案】A 【解析】考查Let's句型的反意疑问句。Let's（包含对方）开头的句子，反意疑问句必须用"shall we?"。而Let us（不包含对方）则要用"will you?"。 9. —Remember to turn off the lights before you leave. —______ A. Yes, I will. B. No, I won't. C. Yes, I do. D. No, I don't. 【答案】A 【解析】考查祈使句的应答。对表示将来的祈使句（Remember to...），肯定回答用"Yes, I will."，否定回答用"No, I won't."。这是表达"我会/不会照做"的固定应答方式。 10. ______ carefully, please! There is a mistake in your homework. A. Checks B. Checking C. To check D. Check 【答案】D 【解析】考查祈使句的肯定形式。please置于句末时，前面应为动词原形构成的祈使句。句意为"请仔细检查，作业里有处错误。" （二）情态动词 情态动词+动词原形 无人称和数的变化 肯定形式 否定形式 用法 can 可以 can’t 不可以 (1) 表示能力 He can speak English. (2) 表示请求或允许 Can I help you? (3) 表示猜测--100%否定 Eg: --Look at the girl at the gate! --That can’t be Jane, she went to the library. could couldn’t may 可能 may not 可能不 (1) 表示请求或允许 (2) 表示希望、祝愿。 (3) 表示猜测（可能） might might must必须 mustn’t 禁止 (1) 表示命令“必须” (2) 表示猜测（可能） They must be at home. The light is on. have to必须 Don’t/doesn’t have to 不必 must主观看法，认为有必要或有意义去做某事； have to 侧重于客观，含有“不得不”之意。 Eg：You don't have to tell him about it. need 需要 needn’t 不必 need do sth 是情态动词 need to do sth. 是实义动词 had better do 最好... had better not do 最好不要.... Eg: You had better bring a coat. 其余 will--would将 shall-- should应该 ought to应当 dare敢 【当堂训练】 1.You ______ finish your homework before you watch TV. A. must B. can C. may D. might 【答案】A 【解析】句意为"你必须完成作业才能看电视"，表示家长或老师的要求。can表示能力或许可，may/might表示可能性，均不符合语境。must表示"必须"，强调主观义务或必要性。 2. —______ I use your pen? Mine is broken. —Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. Need 【答案】C 【解析】"Can I...?"是请求允许做某事的常用句式，答语"Sure"表明同意。must表"必须"，should表"应该"，need表"需要"，都不符合交际习惯。 3. He ______ be at home now. The lights are off and the door is locked. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 【答案】A 【解析】根据"灯关着，门锁着"推断，他不可能在家。mustn't表"禁止"，needn't表"不需要"，shouldn't表"不应该"，均不能表示否定推测。 4.Students ______ bring mobile phones to school according to the new rule. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. wouldn't 【答案】A 【解析】根据"according to the new rule"（根据新规定）可知，学生禁止带手机入校。A项mustn't表示"禁止"，用于规章制度。B项don't have to表"不必"，C项needn't表"不需要"，D项wouldn't表"不会"，都不符合"规定禁止"的语境。 5. You ______ have told me the truth earlier. I feel so disappointed. A. should B. could C. would D. might 【答案】A 【解析】"You should have told me..."意为"你本该早点告诉我"，表示对过去行为的责备。could have done表"本能够"，would have done表"本会"，might have done表"本可能"，都不含责备意味。 6. —______ we clean the classroom now? —No, you ______. You can do it after school. A. Must; mustn't B. Need; needn't C. Must; don't have to D. Should; shouldn't 【答案】C 【解析】Must提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to，表示"不必"。mustn't只能用于陈述句表"禁止"，不能用于回答Must问句。B项Need...?问句才用needn't回答。 1、 单元写作主题 本单元教材写作情境为“以Dr Know的身份回复Eric，给他一些建议。”，属于“人与社会”主题范畴中“社会服务与人际沟通”这一主题群，涉及子主题“和谐家庭与社区生活”。此类写作要求学生能够运用祈使句及情态动词can, have to与must谈论规章制度。 本单元话题在近3年全国中考试题中的考查角度涉及：①讨论规则对安全的意义；②遵守规则的原因及如何遵守规则。其他常见写作角度涉及：向他人介绍自己的家规并讨论对家规的看法。 2、 写作思路提示 开头：开篇点明家里有很多家规 ①My name is… ② There are too many rules in my family. ③I have to follow many rules in my family. 正文：具体介绍自己需要遵守的家规及自己的感受 ① I have to/ must … every day. ②My parents ask me (not) to … in my free time. ③ Besides , I canˈt … ④I feel… but I… ⑤I think my parents are too strict with me. 结尾：提出自己的解决办法 ①I often talk with my parents about … ②And I often help them do housework . ③These are my good ways to get on well with them. 3、 佳句积累 教材原句 (1) They must turn them off and keep them in their lockers. (Pronunciation 2d) (2) Wear the school uniform. (Section A 1a) (3) Keep the rules and letˈs have fun! (Pronunciation 2) (4) He must keep the school clean and tidy. (Section A 1c) (5) Here, I can lend you my pen. (Pronunciation 2a) 课外佳句 (6) My class has many rules. (7) I can become better through following rules. 四、针对练习 (1) 我放学后必须先做作业。(用must翻译)            (2) 保持教室整洁。(用以动词原形开头的祈使句结构翻译)            (3) 让我们好好地遵守规则吧! (用letˈs do sth结构翻译)            (4) 我们应该保持我们的房间整洁。(用keep sth+adj. 结构翻译)            (5) Mandy把她的书借给我。(用lend翻译)            (6) 用there be句型改写：            (7) 用make sb+ adj. 结构改写            【答案】（1）I must do my homework first after school. （2）Keep the classroom tidy. （3）Letˈs follow the rules well! （4）We should keep our rooms tidy. （5）Mandy lends her books to me./Mandy lends me her books. （6）There are many rules in my class. （7）Following rules can make me better. 五、写作范文 假如你是张华，你的朋友John给你写信抱怨家里的规矩太多，没有自由，希望你能开导他。请你根据下面表格中的提示信息，用英语给John回一封80词左右的信。 Your family rules canˈt watch TV or play computer games; have to take after-school lessons ... Your opinions focus on studies; good for ... Your advice talk; make rules together ... 佳作赏析 Dear John, In your letter you say your parents are too strict with you. In fact, itˈs the same in my family. ① Let me tell you some rules of my family. ② Firstly, I canˈt watch TV or play computer games on weekdays. ③ So I can focus on my studies and finish my homework quickly.② Secondly, I have to take after-school lessons at weekends. ③ They make me tired, but I firmly believe that they are good for me.② Whatˈs more, I must be kind, thankful and respect others. ③ It helps me make a lot of good friends and Iˈm quite popular among my classmates. ④ I think you can talk about your family rules with your parents and make the family rules together with them. As children, we should follow the rules in schools as well as at homes. I believe that the rules will lead us to have a healthy and meaningful life. Yours, Zhang Hua 名师点评 ①用Let me tell you ...引出我的家规。 ②用firstly, secondly, whatˈs more具体介绍我的家规。 ③用So I can ... I believe that they ... It helps me ...引出我的看法。 ④用I think you can ... I believe that the rules will ...分享自己的建议，并表达期望。 六、实战演练 假定你是李华，请你根据表格内的提示信息写一封电子邮件，向你在美国的笔友Alice介绍你的班规，并谈谈你的感受。 Class Rules Must keep quiet in class, finish homework on time Canˈt eat food, use mobile phones, run or play 要求：(1)参考以上提示内容，可适当发挥； (2)语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； (3)文中不得出现任何你的真实信息； (4)词数70词左右 (开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear Alice, Howˈs it going? Iˈm glad to share my class rules with you. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 【基础版】 Dear Alice, Howˈs it going? Iˈm glad to share my class rules with you. There are so many rules in my class. First, we must be quiet when we take a lesson and finish our homework on time. Next, we canˈt eat anything in the classroom, but we can drink water there. Third, we canˈt use mobile phones, run or play in the classroom, either. Rules are important for everyone. We must follow them because rules make us better . Yours, Li Hua 【提升版】 Dear Alice, Howˈs it going? Iˈm glad to share my class rules with you. There are so many rules in my class and letˈs talk about them ! First, we must keep quiet when we take a lesson and finish our homework on time. Next, we canˈt eat anything in the classroom, but we can drink water there. Everyone should keep the classroom clean. Whatˈs more , we are not allowed to use mobile phones, run or play in the classroom, either. Rules play an important role in our life. We must follow them because following rules can make us become better people . Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $