专题01 Units 1～2 单词短语句型语法（期中复习知识清单）八年级英语下学期鲁教版五四学制

专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 When was he born? 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. reduce v．减少；缩小 2. chemist n .化学家；药剂师 → n. 化学；→adj. 化学的 3. physicist n.物理学家；物理学研究者 → n. 物理→adj. 物理的；身体的 4. agricultural adj.农业的；农用的 → n. 农业 5. ice n. 冰 →adj. 结冰的 6. paint v. 用颜料画；刷漆 →n. 画家； 7. care v. 照顾→ adj. 认真的、仔细的 → adj. 马虎的 8. spiritual adj. 精神的；心灵的 →n. 精神 9. perform v. 表演；演出 →n. 表演 → n. 表演者 10.national adj. 国家的；民族的 → n. 国家；民族 11.skating n.滑冰 → v. 滑冰 12. poet n.诗人→ n. 诗歌 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.辍学 2.遇到麻烦 3.一位领军人物 4.出生；出世 5.以......命名 6.看起来像...... 7.效力于国家队 8.在某人帮助下 9.呼吁；号召；要求 10.不是......而是...... 11.想方设法（做某事） 12.（愿望、希望等）实现；成为现实 13.继续做某事 14.上钢琴课 15.破裂；解散 16.举办音乐会 17.在某人的晚年 18.在音乐排行榜上 19.看见某人做了某事 20.触及某人的心灵 用法精萃 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.look/sound/smell/taste/feel + adj. 2.call on sb.to do sth. 3. continue to do/ doing sth. 4. keep on doing sth. 5. keep doing sth. 6. one of the +adj.最高级. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点句型 1. 他意识到中国最大的问题不是人们的身体疾病而是他们的精神疾病。 2. 他用他的笔呼吁中国同胞站起来，想方设法让中国变得更加强大。 3. 由于鲁迅是中国现代文学的领军人物，中国四大文学奖之一——鲁迅文学奖就是以他的名字命名的。 4. 你多早开始做事都不为过。 5. 他的所有空闲时间都是和他的孙子一起度过的。 6.在他生命的最后几年里，他身体很弱，但他继续创作音乐直到1849年去世。 7.世界失去了一位音乐天才，但他的精神今天仍继续活在他的作品里。 8. 他们称他为钢琴诗人，因为他的音乐能触及听众的心灵。 9.《想象》再次进了英国音乐排行榜并且荣居第一。 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 一般过去时的被动语态 1. 表示过去某个时间，主语 “被……”，强调被动承受动作；常搭配过去时间状语：yesterday, last year, just now, in 2020 等；by + 动作执行者（可省略，不强调是谁做的时不用）。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成为"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"，其句式结构如下: 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. His first nove1 was published in 1918. 他的第一部小说在1918年被发表。 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. The letters were not sent. 这些信件未被寄出。 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Was the bike repaired last week? 该自行车是否于上周完成维修？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Why wasn’t the work finished on time?为何该工程未能按时完成？ 3. 一般过去时的被动语态的核心用法 (1) 过去某一时间，主语被…… ， 强调动作承受者，动作发生在过去，已成过去。 时间标志词：yesterday /last… /just now /in + 过去年份 /ago 例句：The window was broken yesterday. 窗户昨天被打碎了。 （2）过去经常性、习惯性被动 例句：She was praised by the teacher every day then. 那时她每天都被老师表扬。 4.过去分词的变化规则 （1） 规则变化:与动词过去式的变化规则完全一致，分为三种情况: 一般情况下，在动词词尾加-ed，如 publish →published paint →painted finish →finished watch →watched （2） 以e 结尾的动词，直接加-d，如 1ike →1iked love →loved name →named develop→developed （3） 重读闭音节动词(词尾只有一个辅音字母，前面只有一个元音字母)，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如stop→stopped plan →planned drop→dropped （4） 不规则变化:需要单独记忆，重点掌握以下几个:see → seen write →written take →taken do →done go →gone begin →begun break→broken 语法点02 when引导的时间状语从句 when意为"当......时"，引导时间状语从句；从句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，表示某一时刻的动作，也可以是延续性动词，从句常用过去进行时表示某一时间段内发生的动作。 1. 一般过去时+一般过去时 I started my dinner when he left. 他走了之后，我才开始吃晚饭。 2. 一般过去时+过去进行时，长动作正在进行，短动作突然发生 The doorbell rang when I was telephoning. 门铃响的时候,我正在打电话。 I was telephoning when the doorbell rang. 当时我正在打电话，突然门铃响了。 3. 主句一般将来时+从句一般现在时(主将从现) I will tell you when he arrives. 当他到达时，我会告诉你。 语法点03 when, how long引导的特殊疑问句 when 用作疑问副词，提问内容为时间点，不用于一段时间。 When did he arrive in Beijing? 他什么时候到的北京？ how long 常用来询问时间段。常用"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"来回答。 How long have you lived here?你在这里住多久了？ —For ten years. / Since 2015. 用来提问物体的长度。 --How long is the Nile? 尼罗河有多长? 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“致敬榜样与名人故事”，写一篇名人介绍短文或成长感悟稿，介绍 一位自己敬佩的名人(科学家、文学家、艺术家等)，讲述其生平关键经历、成就及影响，写作时能熟练运用被动语态描述名人的成就与影响，用一般过去时叙述生平经历，用 when 引导的时间状语从句衔接关键事件，正确使用 “how long”“when”等特殊疑问句梳理时间线。 谋篇布局 开头 开篇点题，名人引入与核心定位 中间 具体阐述关键经历与核心成就 结尾 表达对"著名/重要人物"的钦佩之情 二、写作通用表达 1. 开头段 Yuan Longping is one of the most respected scientists in China. He was born in Beijing in 1930. I look up to him because of his lifelong devotion to solving the problem of hunger. 2. 中间段 When he was in college, he decided to study agriculture because he wanted to help people have enough food. For decades, he devoted all his time to developing new rice varieties, working hard in the fields even in hot weather. In 1973, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice that could produce much higher yields. His invention has helped feed billions of people not only in China but also around the world 3. 结尾段 Yuan Longping's story tells us that perseverance and love for people can change the world. He spent his whole life pursuing his dream of “feeding everyone” and never gave up. He has set a great example for us to care about others and work hard for meaningful goals. I will learn from his spirit and study hard to make my own contribution to society in the future. 三、范文背诵 Tu Youyou is a famous female physician. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. She has been very interested in medicine since childhood. She graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1955. She has been engaged in medical research since graduation. This is her favorite job. She works hard and she is creative. She is not afraid of failure, and even often works with illness. She often works day and night. She is full of talent. She devoted herself to the research a drug which is useful for cancer patients. After years of unremitting efforts, she finally succeeded. And in 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She has made great contributions to Chinese medicine. Unit 2 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重点单词变形 1.stranger—— （adj.）陌生的 2. relaxed—— （v.）放松—— （adj.）令人放松的 3. shyly—— （adj.）害羞的—— （n.）害羞；羞怯 4. nervously—— （adj.）焦虑的；紧张的 5.suggest—— （n.）建议 6. cultural—— （n.）文化 7. similarity—— （adj.）相似的 8. introduction—— （v.）介绍 9. humorous—— （n.）幽默 10.general—— （adv.）总体地 重点短语 1. 紧挨着的 2. 排队等候 3. 闲聊；闲谈 4. 打破沉默；打破僵局 5. 在角落里 6. 最后；结果 7. 与......不同 8. 处理困难的局面 9. 发生在某人身上 10. 坚持一直做某事 11. 对......无把握；对......不自信 12. 避免做某事 13. 首次；第一次 14. （与某人）结婚 15. 依赖；视......而定 16. 打发时间；消磨时光 17. 让某人感到 18. 为顾客服务；招待顾客 用法精萃 1. 感谢做某事 2. 让某人做某事 3. 一直做某事 4. 使某人/某物保持. 5. 你认为...怎么样? 6. 做某事的一个好主意 重点句型 1. 在和陌生人开始对话时，感到不自信是自然的。 It's natural to ourselves when starting conversations with strangers . 2. 不是唯一经历过这种情形的人。 Ben isn’t the only person that this situation. 3. 星期五你参加了社区活动，是吗? You the community event on Friday，didn't you? 4. 无言的沉默经常使我们感到不安，所以这是一种填满这些时段的方法。 Empty silences often make us so this is a way of filling those periods. 5. 在大多数文化中，微笑并保持会话轻松幽默是重要的。 In most cultures, it is important to smile and keep the conversation . 6. 让别人微笑能令他们感觉放松。 Making other people smile can make them . 7. 在机场火车站排队等候时你可以闲谈。 You can make small talk when at an airport or bus stop. 8. 这儿有一些提示和建议。Here are some . 语法精讲 语法点01 反义疑问句 1. 定义 是在一个陈述句后加一个简短的问句，问句的时态、动词及主语要和前面的陈述句保持一致。 2. 结构特点 遵循“ ”的原则，即如果陈述部分为肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定形式；如果陈述部分为否定句，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如： She is beautiful , isn’t she ? 她很漂亮，不是吗? He doesn’t know the story ,does he? 他不知道那个故事，不是吗？ 3. 反意疑问句的答语 反意疑问句的回答遵循一个原则，即根据事实而定。当回答事实是肯定时，用“ ”；当回答事实是否定时，就用“ ”。如： ---There is a clock on the wall，isn't there ? ---Yes, there is. ---墙上挂着一个钟，不是吗? ---是的，墙上挂着一个钟。 【注意】在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句中， 答语中的“Yes”翻译成”不”，而“No”翻译成“是的”。 4. 特殊的反意疑问句 (1) 当陈述部分的主语是everybody，everyone，someone，nobody，somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分中的主语强调全体时用“ ”；强调个体时用“ ”。如： Somebody wants to see you ,doesn’t he? 有人想见你，不是吗? (2) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing，something等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it。如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？ (3) 当陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，little，nowhere，nothing等否定间或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用 形式。如： She seldom goes to the supermarket, does she? 她很少去超市，是吗? (4) 当陈述部分含有had better时，反意疑问部分的动词用 或 。如： You had better finish your homework first, hadn't you?你最好先完成你的家庭作业，好不好? (5)当陈述部分是复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代问通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。当陈述句是“I’m sure/afraid, I think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect等+宾语从句”时，反意疑问部分应与从句保持一致，且注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。如； She will go to see Lily when she goes there, won't she? 当她去那儿的时候，她会去看莉莉，是不是? (6) 当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you。如： Lend me some money，will you?借点钱给我，好吗? 单元写作 一、单元写作任务： 本单元以"It's a nice day, isn't it?"为话题，单元核心聚焦“用英语进行礼貌的闲聊(small talk)，运用反义疑问句(tag questions)及日常交际常用表达，提升在公共场合的英语沟通能力”。 以第二人称（you）为主，向读者给出建议；以第一人称（we）表达普遍的交际情况，符合建议类说明文的人称使用规范。用一般现在时介绍闲聊的场景、话题和技巧，贴合日常交际的客观表达；正确运用反意疑问句。 谋篇布局 开头 点明闲聊的重要性，说明闲聊是日常交际的重要方式，能打破陌生感、让交流更轻松，开门见山引出写作主题。 中间 1. 接着介绍闲聊的常见场景和话题，分述适合的“安全话题”和需要避免的“私人话题”，贴合本单元教材中关于闲聊话题的内容。 2. 给出进行良好闲聊的实用技巧，比如使用反意疑问句开启话题、保持语气幽默、认真倾听对方等，融入本单元核心语法和词汇。 结尾 简单总结，说明掌握闲聊技巧能让我们的日常沟通更愉快，升华主题，让短文结构更完整。 二、写作通用表达 1. 开头段 Small talk is a common part of daily communication. It helps us get on well with others and break the ice with strangers, doesn’t it? 2. 中间段 We often make small talk at bus stops, parks or parties. We can talk about the weather, sports or TV shows, which are safe topics. We shouldn’t ask about money, age or private life, because these subjects are not suitable for small talk with strangers. 3. 结尾段 We can use tag questions to start a talk and keep it light and humorous. Listen to others carefully, and your small talk will be great, won’t it? 三、范文背诵 Small talk is very important in our daily life. It can break the ice with strangers and make communication easier, can’t it? We often make small talk at bus stops, parties or shopping centers. We can talk about safe topics like the weather, sports and TV shows. These topics are general and won’t make others uncomfortable. We shouldn’t talk about private things such as money, age or family problems, for they are not suitable for small talk with people we don’t know well. We can use tag questions to start a conversation and keep the talk light and humorous. It’s also important to listen to others carefully. If we do these, we can make good small talk easily, won’t we? $专题01 Units 1~2 单词短语句型语法 Unit 1 When was he born? 重点单词及变形 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. reduce v．减少；缩小 2. chemist n .化学家；药剂师 → n. chemistry 化学；→adj. chemical 化学的 3. physicist n.物理学家；物理学研究者 →n. physics 物理→adj. physical 物理的；身体的 4. agricultural adj.农业的；农用的 → n. agriculture 农业 5. ice n. 冰 →adj. icy结冰的 6. paint v. 用颜料画；刷漆 →n. painter 画家； 7. care v. 照顾→ adj. careful认真的、仔细的 → adj. careless马虎的 8. spiritual adj. 精神的；心灵的 →n. spirit精神 9. perform v. 表演；演出 →n. performance表演 →n. performer 表演者 10.national adj. 国家的；民族的 → n. nation国家；民族 11.skating n.滑冰 → v. skate 滑冰 12. poet n.诗人→ n. poem诗歌 必背短语 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.辍学 drop out of school 2.遇到麻烦 get in/into trouble 3.一位领军人物 a leading figure 4.出生；出世 be born 5.以......命名 be named after 6.看起来像...... look like 7.效力于国家队 play for a national team 8.在某人帮助下 with one's help/with the help of sb. 9.呼吁；号召；要求 call on 10.不是......而是...... not...but... 11.想方设法（做某事）try every means to do sth. 12.（愿望、希望等）实现；成为现实 come true 13.继续做某事 continue doing/to do 14.上钢琴课 take/have piano lessons 15.破裂；解散 break up 16.举办音乐会 give concerts/give a concert 17.在某人的晚年 in one's later years 18.在音乐排行榜上 on the music charts 19.看见某人做了某事 see sb. do sth. 20.触及某人的心灵 touch the heart of sb. 用法精萃 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.look/sound/smell/taste/feel + adj.看/听/闻/尝/摸起来 2.call on sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事 3. continue to do/ doing sth. 继续做某事 4. keep on doing sth.反复不断地做某 5. keep doing sth. 持续做某事 6. one of the +adj.最高级 最.....的....之一 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点句型 1. 他意识到中国最大的问题不是人们的身体疾病而是他们的精神疾病。 He realized that the biggest problem in China was not people’s physical illness but their spiritual illness. 2. 他用他的笔呼吁中国同胞站起来，想方设法让中国变得更加强大。 With his pen, he called on the Chinese people to stand up and try every means to make China stronger. 3. 由于鲁迅是中国现代文学的领军人物，中国四大文学奖之一——鲁迅文学奖就是以他的名字命名的。 As Lu Xun is a leading figure of modern Chinese literature, one of China’s top four literature prizes, Lu Xun Literature Prize is named after him. 4. 你多早开始做事都不为过。 You are never too young to start doing things. 5. 他的所有空闲时间都是和他的孙子一起度过的。 He spends all his free time with his grandson. 6.在他生命的最后几年里，他身体很弱，但他继续创作音乐直到1849年去世。 In his last years, he was very weak but kept on writing music until he died in 1849. 7.世界失去了一位音乐天才，但他的精神今天仍继续活在他的作品里。 The world lost a musical talent, but his spirit continues to live in his works today. 8. 他们称他为钢琴诗人，因为他的音乐能触及听众的心灵。 They called him the poet of the piano because his music could touch the hearts of his listeners. 9.《想象》再次进了英国音乐排行榜并且荣居第一。 Imagine entered the UK charts again and got to number 1. 语法梳理 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 语法点01 一般过去时的被动语态 1. 表示过去某个时间，主语 “被……”，强调被动承受动作；常搭配过去时间状语：yesterday, last year, just now, in 2020 等；by + 动作执行者（可省略，不强调是谁做的时不用）。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成为"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"，其句式结构如下: 肯定句 主语+was/were +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. His first novel was published in 1918. 他的第一部小说在1918年被发表。 否定句 主语+was/were not +过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他. The letters were not sent. 这些信件未被寄出。 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Was the bike repaired last week? 该自行车是否于上周完成维修？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语)+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他? Why wasn’t the work finished on time?为何该工程未能按时完成？ 3. 一般过去时的被动语态的核心用法 (1) 过去某一时间，主语被…… ， 强调动作承受者，动作发生在过去，已成过去。 时间标志词：yesterday /last… /just now /in + 过去年份 /ago 例句：The window was broken yesterday. 窗户昨天被打碎了。 （2）过去经常性、习惯性被动 例句：She was praised by the teacher every day then. 那时她每天都被老师表扬。 4.过去分词的变化规则 （1） 规则变化:与动词过去式的变化规则完全一致，分为三种情况: 一般情况下，在动词词尾加-ed，如 publish →published paint →painted finish →finished watch →watched （2） 以e 结尾的动词，直接加-d，如 1ike →1iked love →loved name →named develop→developed （3） 重读闭音节动词(词尾只有一个辅音字母，前面只有一个元音字母)，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed 如stop→stopped plan →planned drop→dropped （4） 不规则变化:需要单独记忆，重点掌握以下几个:see → seen write →written take →taken do →done go →gone begin →begun break→broken 语法点02 when引导的时间状语从句 when意为"当......时"，引导时间状语从句；从句谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，表示某一时刻的动作，也可以是延续性动词，从句常用过去进行时表示某一时间段内发生的动作。 1. 一般过去时+一般过去时 I started my dinner when he left. 他走了之后，我才开始吃晚饭。 2. 一般过去时+过去进行时，长动作正在进行，短动作突然发生 The doorbell rang when I was telephoning. 门铃响的时候,我正在打电话。 I was telephoning when the doorbell rang. 当时我正在打电话，突然门铃响了。 3. 主句一般将来时+从句一般现在时(主将从现) I will tell you when he arrives. 当他到达时，我会告诉你。 语法点03 when, how long引导的特殊疑问句 when 用作疑问副词，提问内容为时间点。不用于一段时间。 When did he arrive in Beijing? 他什么时候到的北京？ how long 常用来询问时间段。常用"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"来回答。 How long have you lived here?你在这里住多久了？ —For ten years. / Since 2015. 用来提问物体的长度。 --How long is the Nile? 尼罗河有多长? 单元写作 一、单元写作任务：本单元的话题是“致敬榜样与名人故事”，写一篇名人介绍短文或成长感悟稿，介绍 一位自己敬佩的名人(科学家、文学家、艺术家等)，讲述其生平关键经历、成就及影响，写作时能熟练运用被动语态描述名人的成就与影响，用一般过去时叙述生平经历，用 when 引导的时间状语从句衔接关键事件，正确使用 “how long”“when”等特殊疑问句梳理时间线。 谋篇布局 开头 开篇点题，名人引入与核心定位 中间 具体阐述关键经历与核心成就 结尾 表达对"著名/重要人物"的钦佩之情 二、写作通用表达 1. 开头段 Yuan Longping is one of the most respected scientists in China. He was born in Beijing in 1930. I look up to him because of his lifelong devotion to solving the problem of hunger. 2. 中间段 When he was in college, he decided to study agriculture because he wanted to help people have enough food. For decades, he devoted all his time to developing new rice varieties, working hard in the fields even in hot weather. In 1973, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice that could produce much higher yields. His invention has helped feed billions of people not only in China but also around the world 3. 结尾段 Yuan Longping's story tells us that perseverance and love for people can change the world. He spent his whole life pursuing his dream of “feeding everyone” and never gave up. He has set a great example for us to care about others and work hard for meaningful goals. I will learn from his spirit and study hard to make my own contribution to society in the future. 三、范文背诵 Tu Youyou is a famous female physician. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. She has been very interested in medicine since childhood. She graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1955. She has been engaged in medical research since graduation. This is her favorite job. She works hard and she is creative. She is not afraid of failure, and even often works with illness. She often works day and night. She is full of talent. She devoted herself to the research a drug which is useful for cancer patients. After years of unremitting efforts, she finally succeeded. And in 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She has made great contributions to Chinese medicine. Unit 2 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重点单词变形 1.stranger——strange（adj.）陌生的 2. relaxed——relax（v.）放松——relaxing（adj.）令人放松的 3. shyly——shy（adj.）害羞的——shyness（n.）害羞；羞怯 4. nervously——nervous（adj.）焦虑的；紧张的 5.suggest——suggestion（n.）建议 6. cultural——culture（n.）文化 7. similarity——similar（adj.）相似的 8. introduction——introduce（v.）介绍 9. humorous——humor（n.）幽默 10.general——generally（adv.）总体地 重点短语 1. 紧挨着的 next to 2. 排队等候 wait in line 3. 闲聊；闲谈 small talk 4. 打破沉默；打破僵局 break the ice 5. 在角落里 in the corner 6. 最后；结果 in the end 7. 与......不同 be different from 8. 处理困难的局面 deal with a difficult situation 9. 发生在某人身上 sth. happen to sb. 10. 坚持一直做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 11. 对......无把握；对......不自信 feel unsure of 12. 避免做某事 avoid doing sth. 13. 首次；第一次 for the first time 14. （与某人）结婚 be/get married (to sb.) 15. 依赖；视......而定 depend on 16. 打发时间；消磨时光 pass time 17. 让某人感到放松 make sb. feel relaxed 18. 为顾客服务；招待顾客 serve customers 用法精萃 1. thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事 2. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 3. keep doing sth.一直做某事 4.keep sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持. 5. What do you think of...你认为...怎么样? 6.a good idea to do sth.做某事的一个好主意 重点句型 1. 在和陌生人开始对话时，感到不自信是自然的。 It's natural to feel unsure of ourselves when starting conversations with strangers . 2. 不是唯一经历过这种情形的人。 Ben isn’t the only person that has experienced this situation. 3. 星期五你参加了社区活动，是吗? You attended the community event on Friday，didn't you? 4. 无言的沉默经常使我们感到不安，所以这是一种填满这些时段的方法。 Empty silences often make us feel nervous so this is a way of filling those periods. 5. 在大多数文化中，微笑并保持会话轻松幽默是重要的。 In most cultures, it is important to smile and keep the conversation light and humorous. 6. 让别人微笑能令他们感觉放松。 Making other people smile can make them feel relaxed. 7. 在机场火车站排队等候时你可以闲谈。 You can make small talk when waiting in line at an airport or bus stop. 8. 这儿有一些提示和建议。Here are some tips and advice. 语法精讲 语法点01 反义疑问句 1. 定义 是在一个陈述句后加一个简短的问句，问句的时态、动词及主语要和前面的陈述句保持一致。 2. 结构特点 遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，即如果陈述部分为肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定形式；如果陈述部分为否定句，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如： She is beautiful , isn’t she ? 她很漂亮，不是吗? He doesn’t know the story ,does he? 他不知道那个故事，不是吗？ 3. 反意疑问句的答语 反意疑问句的回答遵循一个原则，即根据事实而定。当回答事实是肯定时，用“Yes+肯定回答”；当回答事实是否定时，就用“No+否定回答”。如： ---There is a clock on the wall，isn't there ? ---Yes, there is. ---墙上挂着一个钟，不是吗? ---是的，墙上挂着一个钟。 【注意】在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句中， 答语中的“Yes”翻译成”不”，而“No”翻译成“是的”。 4. 特殊的反意疑问句 (1) 当陈述部分的主语是everybody，everyone，someone，nobody，somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分中的主语强调全体时用“they”；强调个体时用“he”。如： Somebody wants to see you ,doesn’t he? 有人想见你，不是吗? (2) 当陈述部分的主语是everything，anything，nothing，something等表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语常用it。如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了，是吗？ (3) 当陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，little，nowhere，nothing等否定间或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如： She seldom goes to the supermarket, does she? 她很少去超市，是吗? (4) 当陈述部分含有had better时，反意疑问部分的动词用had或had n't。如： You had better finish your homework first, hadn't you?你最好先完成你的家庭作业，好不好? (5)当陈述部分是复合句时，反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代问通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。当陈述句是“I’m sure/afraid, I think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect等+宾语从句”时，反意疑问部分应与从句保持一致，且注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。如； She will go to see Lily when she goes there, won't she? 当她去那儿的时候，她会去看莉莉，是不是? (6) 当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分常用will you。如： Lend me some money，will you?借点钱给我，好吗? 单元写作 一、单元写作任务： 本单元以"It's a nice day, isn't it?"为话题，单元核心聚焦“用英语进行礼貌的闲聊(small talk)，运用反义疑问句(tag questions)及日常交际常用表达，提升在公共场合的英语沟通能力”。 以第二人称（you）为主，向读者给出建议；以第一人称（we）表达普遍的交际情况，符合建议类说明文的人称使用规范。用一般现在时介绍闲聊的场景、话题和技巧，贴合日常交际的客观表达；正确运用反意疑问句。 谋篇布局 开头 点明闲聊的重要性，说明闲聊是日常交际的重要方式，能打破陌生感、让交流更轻松，开门见山引出写作主题。 中间 1. 接着介绍闲聊的常见场景和话题，分述适合的“安全话题”和需要避免的“私人话题”，贴合本单元教材中关于闲聊话题的内容。 2. 给出进行良好闲聊的实用技巧，比如使用反意疑问句开启话题、保持语气幽默、认真倾听对方等，融入本单元核心语法和词汇。 结尾 简单总结，说明掌握闲聊技巧能让我们的日常沟通更愉快，升华主题，让短文结构更完整。 二、写作通用表达 1. 开头段 Small talk is a common part of daily communication. It helps us get on well with others and break the ice with strangers, doesn’t it? 2. 中间段 We often make small talk at bus stops, parks or parties. We can talk about the weather, sports or TV shows, which are safe topics. We shouldn’t ask about money, age or private life, because these subjects are not suitable for small talk with strangers. 3. 结尾段 We can use tag questions to start a talk and keep it light and humorous. Listen to others carefully, and your small talk will be great, won’t it? 三、范文背诵 Small talk is very important in our daily life. It can break the ice with strangers and make communication easier, can’t it? We often make small talk at bus stops, parties or shopping centers. We can talk about safe topics like the weather, sports and TV shows. These topics are general and won’t make others uncomfortable. We shouldn’t talk about private things such as money, age or family problems, for they are not suitable for small talk with people we don’t know well. We can use tag questions to start a conversation and keep the talk light and humorous. It’s also important to listen to others carefully. If we do these, we can make good small talk easily, won’t we? $