专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期沪外版

2026-04-01
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高二
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 非谓语动词
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
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专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义) 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 不定式作主语 1. 掌握不定式作主语的两种核心结构; 2. 能区分不定式与动名词作主语的语境差异; 3. 熟练运用it作形式主语的常用句型 基础必考点,多以单项选择、句子结构分析小题形式考查;常结合形容词(important/difficult等)、名词(a pity等)搭配出题,是语法填空/单选高频基础点 不定式作表语 1. 掌握不定式作表语的语义和句法功能; 2. 能识别“主语+系动词+不定式表语”的SVP句型; 3. 掌握省略to的特殊规则 高频易错点,易与动名词、介词短语作表语混淆 常出现在长难句分析、语法填空、句子改写题型中,是理解复杂句式的基础 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 不定式作主语 1. 核心定义 动词不定式(to do)在句子中充当主语,用来表示一个动作、行为或事件,相当于一个名词性成分,回答“什么(事)”的问题。 2. 两种常见结构 (1)不定式直接作主语(正式书面语) 结构:To do sth. + 谓语 + 其他 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(To see 作主语) To get used to all the homework will be quite difficult. 习惯所有的家庭作业会相当困难。(To get used to... 作主语) To learn English well is important for us. 学好英语对我们很重要。 • 特点:句子头重脚轻,日常口语中较少使用,多用于正式文体。 (2)it 作形式主语,不定式作真正主语(最常用) 结构:It + be/系动词 + 形容词/名词 + to do sth. • 核心逻辑:用 it 占位作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)放到句尾,避免句子头重脚轻。 It will be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. 拆解:It(形式主语) + will be(系动词) + quite difficult(表语) + to get used to...(真正主语) It is our dream to start our own IT company. 创办自己的IT公司是我们的梦想。 It is necessary to learn a second language. 学习第二外语是必要的。 • 常见固定句型: It is + adj. + to do 做某事是……的 It is easy to make mistakes. 犯错很容易。 It is + n. + to do 做某事是…… It is a pleasure to help you. 帮你是件乐事。 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do 某人花时间做某事 It takes me 2 hours to finish homework. 我花2小时完成作业。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do 对某人来说做某事是……的(adj.修饰事) It is important for us to study. 学习对我们很重要。 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do 某人做某事是……的(adj.修饰人) It is kind of you to help me. 你帮我真是太好了。 3. 不定式作主语的时态与语态 • 一般式(to do):表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,或在谓语之后发生 To finish the work on time is our goal. 按时完成工作是我们的目标。 • 进行式(to be doing):强调动作正在进行(极少用) To be working here is a great honor. 能在这里工作是莫大的荣幸。 • 完成式(to have done):表示动作在谓语动作之前发生 To have made such a mistake is a shame. 犯了这样的错误是件耻辱的事。 • 被动式(to be done):表示不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者 To be invited to the party is a great honor. 被邀请参加派对是莫大的荣幸。 知识点02 不定式作表语 1. 核心定义 动词不定式(to do)在句子中充当表语,放在系动词(be, become, seem, appear等)之后,用来说明主语的内容、性质、身份、目的、计划等。 • 核心结构:主语 + 系动词 + to do sth. 2. 常见用法与例句 (1)说明主语的具体内容(最常用,对应讲义即时检测1) 主语多为抽象名词(dream, goal, aim, plan, wish, job, task等),不定式解释主语“是什么”。 My goal is to pass the college entrance examination. 我的目标是通过高考。 His plan is to travel around the world. 他的计划是环游世界。 Her job is to teach English in a middle school. 她的工作是在中学教英语。 (2)表示主语的“目的、打算、愿望” We are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们打算明天在校门口见面。 The meeting is to be held next Monday. 会议定于下周一举行。 (3)表示“主语 = 表语”的对等关系(主语和表语可互换) To see is to believe. = To believe is to see. 眼见为实。 To work is to live. = To live is to work. 工作就是生活。 (4)主语是what引导的名词性从句 What I want to do is to travel around the world. 我想做的事是环游世界。 What he needs is to get more help. 他需要的是得到更多帮助。 3. 不定式作表语的特殊情况:省略to 当主语部分出现实义动词do(任何形式:do, does, did, done)时,作表语的不定式可以省略to(也可保留)。 All I did was (to) wait for you. 我所做的就是等你。 What he wants to do is (to) finish the work early. 他想做的就是早点完成工作。 The only thing you can do is (to) study hard. 你唯一能做的就是努力学习。 知识点03 不定式作主语 vs 作表语 不定式作主语 句首(直接作主语)或句尾(it作形式主语) 表示动作/事件,作句子的陈述对象 主语(to do)+ 谓语 + 其他 / It + 系动词 + 表语 + to do 不定式作表语 系动词之后(主语之后) 说明主语的内容、性质、目的 主语 + 系动词 + 表语(to do) 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 (上海大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期10月月考)在公共场所盯着残疾人看是不礼貌的。(stare)(汉译英) 即时检测 1. 在别人打喷嚏时不捂住嘴巴是不礼貌的。(cover) 2. 嘲笑处于困境中的人是非常自私的。(laugh) 易|错|点|拨 1. 先搭句型框架 开头一定用 It is 作形式主语,千万不要直接用动词开头。 2. 加形容词 不礼貌的:impolite / rude自私的:selfish重要的:important必要的:necessary 3. 写真正主语:to do 必须用 to + 动词原形,不能用 doing / do / did。 4. 补全短语和状语 补上 at / in public / when… 等搭配,最后放句尾。 解|题|技|巧 做某事怎样,It is 放前面;形容词在后,to do 不能变;盯着嘲笑看,at 字不能欠;一类人前加 the,句子通顺又安全。 典例02 (复旦大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期9月测试)小王就这德行,总在需要他的时候找不到他人。(typical)(汉译英) 即时检测 1.他就是这副样子,一到关键时刻就掉链子。(typical) 2.她向来如此,一遇到麻烦就选择逃避。(typical) 答|题|模|板 1. 看到“就这德行、向来如此、一贯这样” ,直接锁定:It is typical of sb. 2. 后面一定接 to do,不能用 doing / that 从句 3. of 绝对不能换成 for,typical 描述人的品质特点,必须用 of 4. 后半句吐槽内容,用 to do 翻译 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟) 1.________ (master) a foreign language requires consistent effort and extensive reading. 2.The most important thing for teenagers now is ________ (balance) their study and leisure time properly. 3.It is no use ________ (regret) what you have done; what matters is ________ (take) action immediately. 4.For many elderly people, ________ (keep) a pet has become a good way ________ (fight) loneliness. 5.The purpose of holding the cultural festival is ________ (promote) traditional Chinese art worldwide. 6.________ (ignore) the environmental problems will surely lead to severe consequences in the near future. 7.What we expect from the new policy is ________ (reduce) the gap between the rich and the poor effectively. 8.It is essential for every citizen ________ (follow) the rules to maintain social order. 9.The first step ________ (solve) the problem is ________ (admit) that it actually exists. 10.________ (cooperate) with other countries is the only way ________ (deal) with global challenges like climate change. 重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟) 1.(上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试·翻译)你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗?(sense)(汉译英) 2.(复旦大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期9月测试·翻译)小王就这德行,总在需要他的时候找不到他人。(typical)(汉译英) 3.(2022年上海高考模拟卷·翻译)她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术,是非常重要的。(汉译英) 4.(全国高考真题·改编)It took me two hours ________ the work. A. finish  B. finishing  C. to finish  D. finished 5.(上海市重点中学高三联考·单项选择)George Floyd’s killing was such a moment when white America finally understood how dangerous ________ a Black man in the United States. A. it was  B. was it to be  C. it was to be  D. it was being 6.(2008年全国高考卷·单项选择)________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk  B. Walking  C. To walk  D. Walk 7.(2000年全国高考卷·单项选择)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see  B. to be seen  C. seeing  D. seen 8.(全国高考真题·上海卷方向)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult. A. not make  B. not to make  C. not making  D. do not make 9.(上海市重点中学期中考试·单项选择)________ difficult for us ________ the game, since we are not well-prepared. A. We’re; to win  B. We’re; winning  C. It’s; to win  D. It’s; winning 10.(上海高考模拟卷·单项选择)For the world to meet the goals of the Paris agreement, ________ the average global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels will take immediate action from every country. A. to limit  B. being limited  C. limited  D. having limited 综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟) 1.(2021年全国甲卷·语法填空)It is possible _____ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2.(2021年全国甲卷·语法填空改编)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment, we decided _____ (be) time for some action. 3.(2019年全国III卷·语法填空)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _____ (get) there. 4.(2021年1月浙江卷·语法填空)_____is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 5.(2015年湖北卷·单项选择)It is said that it will take the workers about a month _____ (finish) the project. 6.(2019年全国III卷·短文改错)Now my dream is to opens a pancake cafe. 7.(2020年全国II卷·语法填空)They are easy _____ (care) for and make great presents. 8.(2008年全国I卷·单项选择)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 9.(2018年北京卷·单项选择)_____ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 6 / 7 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义) 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向,锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络,扫除知识盲区 知识点01 知识点02 知识点03 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题,强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练,验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 不定式作主语 1. 掌握不定式作主语的两种核心结构; 2. 能区分不定式与动名词作主语的语境差异; 3. 熟练运用it作形式主语的常用句型 基础必考点,多以单项选择、句子结构分析小题形式考查;常结合形容词(important/difficult等)、名词(a pity等)搭配出题,是语法填空/单选高频基础点 不定式作表语 1. 掌握不定式作表语的语义和句法功能; 2. 能识别“主语+系动词+不定式表语”的SVP句型; 3. 掌握省略to的特殊规则 高频易错点,易与动名词、介词短语作表语混淆 常出现在长难句分析、语法填空、句子改写题型中,是理解复杂句式的基础 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 不定式作主语 1. 核心定义 动词不定式(to do)在句子中充当主语,用来表示一个动作、行为或事件,相当于一个名词性成分,回答“什么(事)”的问题。 2. 两种常见结构 (1)不定式直接作主语(正式书面语) 结构:To do sth. + 谓语 + 其他 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(To see 作主语) To get used to all the homework will be quite difficult. 习惯所有的家庭作业会相当困难。(To get used to... 作主语) To learn English well is important for us. 学好英语对我们很重要。 • 特点:句子头重脚轻,日常口语中较少使用,多用于正式文体。 (2)it 作形式主语,不定式作真正主语(最常用) 结构:It + be/系动词 + 形容词/名词 + to do sth. • 核心逻辑:用 it 占位作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)放到句尾,避免句子头重脚轻。 It will be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. 拆解:It(形式主语) + will be(系动词) + quite difficult(表语) + to get used to...(真正主语) It is our dream to start our own IT company. 创办自己的IT公司是我们的梦想。 It is necessary to learn a second language. 学习第二外语是必要的。 • 常见固定句型: It is + adj. + to do 做某事是……的 It is easy to make mistakes. 犯错很容易。 It is + n. + to do 做某事是…… It is a pleasure to help you. 帮你是件乐事。 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do 某人花时间做某事 It takes me 2 hours to finish homework. 我花2小时完成作业。 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do 对某人来说做某事是……的(adj.修饰事) It is important for us to study. 学习对我们很重要。 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do 某人做某事是……的(adj.修饰人) It is kind of you to help me. 你帮我真是太好了。 3. 不定式作主语的时态与语态 • 一般式(to do):表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,或在谓语之后发生 To finish the work on time is our goal. 按时完成工作是我们的目标。 • 进行式(to be doing):强调动作正在进行(极少用) To be working here is a great honor. 能在这里工作是莫大的荣幸。 • 完成式(to have done):表示动作在谓语动作之前发生 To have made such a mistake is a shame. 犯了这样的错误是件耻辱的事。 • 被动式(to be done):表示不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者 To be invited to the party is a great honor. 被邀请参加派对是莫大的荣幸。 知识点02 不定式作表语 1. 核心定义 动词不定式(to do)在句子中充当表语,放在系动词(be, become, seem, appear等)之后,用来说明主语的内容、性质、身份、目的、计划等。 • 核心结构:主语 + 系动词 + to do sth. 2. 常见用法与例句 (1)说明主语的具体内容(最常用,对应讲义即时检测1) 主语多为抽象名词(dream, goal, aim, plan, wish, job, task等),不定式解释主语“是什么”。 My goal is to pass the college entrance examination. 我的目标是通过高考。 His plan is to travel around the world. 他的计划是环游世界。 Her job is to teach English in a middle school. 她的工作是在中学教英语。 (2)表示主语的“目的、打算、愿望” We are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们打算明天在校门口见面。 The meeting is to be held next Monday. 会议定于下周一举行。 (3)表示“主语 = 表语”的对等关系(主语和表语可互换) To see is to believe. = To believe is to see. 眼见为实。 To work is to live. = To live is to work. 工作就是生活。 (4)主语是what引导的名词性从句 What I want to do is to travel around the world. 我想做的事是环游世界。 What he needs is to get more help. 他需要的是得到更多帮助。 3. 不定式作表语的特殊情况:省略to 当主语部分出现实义动词do(任何形式:do, does, did, done)时,作表语的不定式可以省略to(也可保留)。 All I did was (to) wait for you. 我所做的就是等你。 What he wants to do is (to) finish the work early. 他想做的就是早点完成工作。 The only thing you can do is (to) study hard. 你唯一能做的就是努力学习。 知识点03 不定式作主语 vs 作表语 不定式作主语 句首(直接作主语)或句尾(it作形式主语) 表示动作/事件,作句子的陈述对象 主语(to do)+ 谓语 + 其他 / It + 系动词 + 表语 + to do 不定式作表语 系动词之后(主语之后) 说明主语的内容、性质、目的 主语 + 系动词 + 表语(to do) 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 (上海大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期10月月考)在公共场所盯着残疾人看是不礼貌的。(stare)(汉译英) 【答案】It is impolite to stare at the disabled in public places. 【解析】本句考查it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语的结构,当不定式短语较长时,常用It is + adj. + to do sth.句型,避免句子头重脚轻,stare at为固定搭配,意为“盯着看”;the disabled为“the + 形容词”结构,表示一类人(残疾人),不定式短语to stare at the disabled in public places是真正的主语,置于句末。 即时检测 1. 在别人打喷嚏时不捂住嘴巴是不礼貌的。(cover) 【答案】It is rude not to cover your mouth when others sneeze. 【解析】1. 句型:It is + adj. + (not) to do 2. 短语:cover one’s mouth 捂住嘴巴 3. 难点:否定不定式 not to do 的位置 2. 嘲笑处于困境中的人是非常自私的。(laugh) 【答案】It is very selfish to laugh at people in trouble. 【解析】1. 句型:It is + adj. + to do 2. 短语:laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 3. 短语:in trouble 处于困境中 易|错|点|拨 1. 先搭句型框架 开头一定用 It is 作形式主语,千万不要直接用动词开头。 2. 加形容词 不礼貌的:impolite / rude自私的:selfish重要的:important必要的:necessary 3. 写真正主语:to do 必须用 to + 动词原形,不能用 doing / do / did。 4. 补全短语和状语 补上 at / in public / when… 等搭配,最后放句尾。 解|题|技|巧 做某事怎样,It is 放前面;形容词在后,to do 不能变;盯着嘲笑看,at 字不能欠;一类人前加 the,句子通顺又安全。 典例02 (复旦大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期9月测试)小王就这德行,总在需要他的时候找不到他人。(typical)(汉译英) 【答案】It is typical of Xiao Wang to be missing when he is needed. 【解析】本句考查It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.结构,不定式作主语,typical of sb.表示“某人就是这样(有某特征)”,用于评价人的性格或行为,不定式to be missing作真正主语,其中missing为形容词,表示“不见的、找不到的”,when he is needed为时间状语从句,使用被动语态表示“当需要他的时候”。 即时检测 1.他就是这副样子,一到关键时刻就掉链子。(typical) 【答案】It is typical of him to let people down at the critical moment. 【解析】1. 套用句型:It is typical of sb. to do sth. 2. “掉链子”译为 let people down(让人失望)最自然 3. “关键时刻”:at the critical moment 4. 易错:不用 He is typical…,必须用 It 作形式主语 2.她向来如此,一遇到麻烦就选择逃避。(typical) 【答案】It is typical of her to run away when faced with trouble. 【解析】1. 固定句型:It is typical of her to do… 2. “逃避”:run away 3. “遇到麻烦”:when faced with trouble(省略状语从句) 4. 易错:不用 of 而用 for → for her 完全错误 答|题|模|板 1. 看到“就这德行、向来如此、一贯这样” ,直接锁定:It is typical of sb. 2. 后面一定接 to do,不能用 doing / that 从句 3. of 绝对不能换成 for,typical 描述人的品质特点,必须用 of 4. 后半句吐槽内容,用 to do 翻译 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练(测试时间:10分钟) 1.________ (master) a foreign language requires consistent effort and extensive reading. 答案:To master 解析:不定式作主语,表示“去掌握、要掌握”这一具体行为。句型:To do sth. requires... 2.The most important thing for teenagers now is ________ (balance) their study and leisure time properly. 答案:to balance 解析:不定式作表语,主语是 thing / purpose / aim / goal 等时,表语常用 to do。 3.It is no use ________ (regret) what you have done; what matters is ________ (take) action immediately. 答案:regretting; to take 解析:第一空:It is no use doing 固定句型,用 doing。第二空:不定式作表语,强调“要去做”,用 to take。 4.For many elderly people, ________ (keep) a pet has become a good way ________ (fight) loneliness. 答案:To keep; to fight 解析:第一空:不定式作主语,表示一种选择、目的性行为。第二空:way to do sth. 不定式作后置定语。 5.The purpose of holding the cultural festival is ________ (promote) traditional Chinese art worldwide. 答案:to promote 解析:主语是 purpose / aim / goal,表语必须用 to do,表示“目的是去做……”。 6.________ (ignore) the environmental problems will surely lead to severe consequences in the near future. 答案:To ignore 解析:不定式作主语,表示一种“将会发生的行为/选择”,对应后面将来时态。 7.What we expect from the new policy is ________ (reduce) the gap between the rich and the poor effectively. 答案:to reduce 解析:主语是主语从句 What we expect...,表语用不定式,表示“期望去做某事”。 8.It is essential for every citizen ________ (follow) the rules to maintain social order. 答案:to follow 解析:It 作形式主语,真正主语是后置的不定式:It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 9.The first step ________ (solve) the problem is ________ (admit) that it actually exists. 答案:to solve; to admit 解析:第一空:the first step to do 不定式作定语。第二空:不定式作表语,step 作主语,表语用 to do。 10.________ (cooperate) with other countries is the only way ________ (deal) with global challenges like climate change. 答案:To cooperate; to deal 解析:第一空:不定式作主语,表示一种策略、方式。第二空:way to do sth. 固定搭配。 重难突破练(测试时间:20分钟) 1.(上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试·翻译)你大老远跑去超市买方便面有意义吗?(sense)(汉译英) 答案: Does it make sense to go all the way to the supermarket to buy instant noodles? 解析:本句考查make sense短语与不定式作主语的结合, it作形式主语,真正主语是to go all the way...不定式短语,make sense意为“有意义、讲得通”,后接to do sth.结构。 2.(复旦大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期9月测试·翻译)小王就这德行,总在需要他的时候找不到他人。(typical)(汉译英) 答案: It is typical of Xiao Wang to be missing when he is needed. 解析:本句考查It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.结构, typical of sb.表示“某人就是这样(有某特征)”,用于评价人的性格或行为,不定式to be missing作真正主语,其中missing为形容词,表示“不见的”。 3.(2022年上海高考模拟卷·翻译)她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术,是非常重要的。(汉译英) 答案: She thinks it is very important to bridge the digital divide and ensure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technologies. 解析:本句考查it is + adj. + to do结构中不定式作真正主语, it作形式主语,真正主语是to bridge...and ensure...并列不定式短语,bridge the digital divide为固定表达,意为“消除数字鸿沟”。 4.(全国高考真题·改编)It took me two hours ________ the work. A. finish  B. finishing  C. to finish  D. finished 答案: C 解析:本句考查It takes sb. time to do sth.固定句型, it作形式主语,不定式to finish作真正主语,该句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。 5.(上海市重点中学高三联考·单项选择)George Floyd’s killing was such a moment when white America finally understood how dangerous ________ a Black man in the United States. A. it was  B. was it to be  C. it was to be  D. it was being 答案: C 解析:本句考查how + adj. + it is to do结构中不定式作主语,it作形式主语,不定式to be a Black man作真正主语,从句语序为陈述句语序,故排除B的倒装形式, to be表示“作为”,此处强调“作为一名黑人”的状态。 6.(2008年全国高考卷·单项选择)________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk  B. Walking  C. To walk  D. Walk 答案: B 解析:本句考查动名词与不定式作主语的区别,a good form暗示泛指一般性行为,表示“散步”这种运动形式,用动名词Walking作主语,不定式To walk表示具体某一次或将来的动作,不符合语境,动名词作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为;不定式表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。 7.(2000年全国高考卷·单项选择)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see  B. to be seen  C. seeing  D. seen 答案: B 解析:remain在此作系动词,意为“尚需、有待”,后接不定式作表语, it为形式主语,真正主语是whether they will enjoy it, 主语it与see之间为被动关系(这件事有待被观察/确定),故用不定式的被动形式to be seen,构成remain to be seen固定搭配。 8.(全国高考真题·上海卷方向)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult. A. not make  B. not to make  C. not making  D. do not make 答案: B 解析:本句考查并列结构中表语形式保持一致的原则,句子的主语是The purpose,表语用不定式to make life easier说明目的,逗号连接的并列成分应保持语法形式一致,此处否定并列也应用不定式not to make,若用not making则与前面to make形式不平行。 9.(上海市重点中学期中考试·单项选择)________ difficult for us ________ the game, since we are not well-prepared. A. We’re; to win  B. We’re; winning  C. It’s; to win  D. It’s; winning 答案: C 解析:本句考查It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构, it作形式主语,不定式to win作真正主语,for us引出不定式的逻辑主语,表示“对我们来说”,根据since we are not well-prepared可知,比赛尚未进行,用不定式表示将来动作。 10.(上海高考模拟卷·单项选择)For the world to meet the goals of the Paris agreement, ________ the average global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels will take immediate action from every country. A. to limit  B. being limited  C. limited  D. having limited 答案: A 解析:本句考查不定式短语作主语(非it形式主语结构),For the world to meet...为介词短语作状语,主句主语为to limit...不定式短语,不定式作主语表示具体的目标或将要采取的行动,符合语境,动名词being limited表示被动,与句意不符。 综合拓展练(测试时间:10分钟) 1.(2021年全国甲卷·语法填空)It is possible _____ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 答案: to walk 解析:本句考查It is + adj. + to do sth.句型, it作形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式短语to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers,possible为形容词,描述不定式动作的特征,不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作。 2.(2021年全国甲卷·语法填空改编)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment, we decided _____ (be) time for some action. 答案: it was 解析:本句考查it is time to do sth.句型中的形式主语结构,宾语从句中it作形式主语,真正主语是省略的不定式to take some action,主句谓语decided为过去时,故从句用it was。 3.(2019年全国III卷·语法填空)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _____ (get) there. 答案: to get 解析:本句为It takes + time + to do sth.句型,it作形式主语,真正主语是to get there, how long it would take to get there在句中作wondering的宾语从句,不定式表示将要发生的具体动作。 4.(2021年1月浙江卷·语法填空)_____is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 答案: It 解析:本句为It is + n. + to do sth.句型,it作形式主语,真正主语是to miss meals and replace them with snacks,不定式短语作主语表示具体的、特定的行为 5.(2015年湖北卷·单项选择)It is said that it will take the workers about a month _____ (finish) the project. 答案: to finish 解析:本句考查It takes sb. time to do sth.固定句型,第一个it为形式主语,真正主语是to finish the project,第二个it为宾语从句的形式主语,不定式表示将来要完成的动作。 6.(2019年全国III卷·短文改错)Now my dream is to opens a pancake cafe. 答案: opens → open 解析:本句考查不定式作表语,后接动词原形,to为不定式符号,后面必须接动词原形open,不能接第三人称单数形式,不定式作表语表示具体的、有待实现的梦想。 7.(2020年全国II卷·语法填空)They are easy _____ (care) for and make great presents. 答案: to care 解析:本句考查主语 + be + adj. + to do结构中不定式作状语(可视为表语补足语),主语They与care for之间为逻辑动宾关系,但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义,常见于easy, difficult, hard, good, comfortable等形容词后。 8.(2008年全国I卷·单项选择)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 答案: B 解析:本句考查主语 + be + adj. + to do结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义,系表结构中,形容词为good, light, heavy, difficult等时,常用不定式主动形式表示被动含义,主语The morning air与breathe之间为逻辑动宾关系(呼吸空气),但不定式用主动形式。 9.(2018年北京卷·单项选择)_____ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 答案: Travelling / Traveling 解析:本句考查动名词与不定式作主语的区别,动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的、经常性的行为,不定式作主语表示具体的、某一次的动作,句中描述的是“沿着丝绸之路旅行”这种泛指的经历,故用动名词作主语。 6 / 7 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期沪外版
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专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期沪外版
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专题01 不定式2—作主语和表语(期中复习讲义)高二英语下学期沪外版
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