Unit 10 Section 4 Focus on Language：Passive Forms in the Past-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教师用书word（北师大版）

Section 4　 Focus on Language：Passive Forms in the Past 课时目标 1.掌握一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态的构成及用法，并在学会实际语境中运用。 2.掌握相似时态的区别及用法，并能够学以致用。 语境中体悟　 Walking home a few days ago, I saw that reconstruction work was being done① on the old market.The old gate had been torn② down. Rubbish was being cleared③ away from the floor. It was reported④ that when all this was finished⑤， it would be turned into a modern shopping mall.The news divided the people of the town: some were in favour of the new shopping mall and some were against it. [语法入门] ①③是过去进行时的被动语态，表示被动动作过去正在进行； ②是过去完成时的被动语态，表示被动动作在过去某一时间之前已经完成； ④⑤是一般过去时的被动语态，表示在过去某一时间内某个动作被做。 学案中理清　 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。过去时的被动语态主要包括一般过去时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态等。 [自主感知] ①(教材典句)The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s. ②(教材典句)In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically. ③(教材典句)Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs ... ④(教材典句)Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. ⑤(教材典句)Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. [我的发现] 以上句子中的谓语动词均为被动语态，其中句①②④为一般过去时的被动语态；句③为过去完成时的被动语态；句⑤为过去进行时的被动语态。 [规则点拨] 一、一般过去时的被动语态 1．构成：was/were＋过去分词 2．用法：表示在过去某一时间内某个动作被做 This city was liberated in 1948. 这个城市是在1948年解放的。 He was elected president of the Students' Union last year.去年他被选为学生会主席。 A note was passed up to the speaker just now. 刚才有人给演讲者递上来一张纸条。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025·浙江1月高考)“He claimed his father's watch was_hidden (hide) beneath it，” he added. ②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was_built (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. ③(2024·浙江1月高考)Each child was_told (tell) if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. ④(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I was_amazed (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City ... Citizens of higher social classes were_permitted (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 二、过去进行时的被动语态 1．构成： was/were＋being＋过去分词 2．用法： (1)表示在过去某一特定时间内某事正在被做； (2)少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。 The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside. 宴会正在准备之中，这时外边下起了雪。 He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary. 他说为纪念公司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。 This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建中。 Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候电视机正在被维修吗？ |名|师|点|津|　过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别： 过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某段时间内正在进行的被动动作，一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。 The farmer said the policemen came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm. 这个农民说当他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。 He spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of. 他不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终被他一直梦想的大学录取了。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The stone under her feet rolled, and as she was_being_pulled (pull) into the river, she called out for help. ②A window in our classroom was broken when it was_being_cleaned (clean)． ③When I got to his house, I found that the walls were_being_painted (paint)． ④After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was_being_decorated (decorate)． 三、过去完成时的被动语态 1．构成： had＋been＋过去分词 2．用法：过去完成时的被动语态通常表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。具体使用场合： (1)过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。 (2)用于一些主从复合句或含有特定时间状语的简单句中。 His newly-written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived. 消防队员到达之前，火已经被扑灭了。 |名|师|点|津|　过去完成时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别： 现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。 The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The manager found that his office had_been_broken (break) into the day before. ②The young scholar died though great efforts had_been_made (make) to save his life. ③Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it had_been_damaged (damage) seriously. ④Johnson risked his life to save his daughter who had_been_trapped (trap) in the building for two days. [随堂应用体验] Ⅰ.把下列句子变成被动语态 1．In those days, people named it “the Garden City”. →In those days, it_was_named_“the_Garden_City”_by_people. 2．In 2022, people threw away 5.3 billion mobile phones. →In 2022, 5.3_billion_mobile_phones_were_thrown_away_by_people. 3．He said they were taking a range of measures to address pollution. →He said a_range_of_measures_were_being_taken to address pollution. 4．At that time, the coach was training him. →At that time, he_was_being_trained_by_the_coach. 5．They also found the artist had signed his signature and a date in the portrait's curtain. →They also found the_artist's_signature_and_a_date_had_been_signed in the portrait's curtain. Ⅱ.根据所给汉语完成下面语段 Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as ①his_car_was_being_repaired (他的汽车正在被维修)．He hurried to the bus station only to be told that ②the_buses_had_been_put_off (公共汽车被推迟了) because of the snowstorm.He remembered when ③he_was_trapped_in_the_snowstorm (他被困在暴风雪中) last year the PLA soldiers came to rescue timely.We're supposed to help others in the way ④we_were_helped (我们被帮助的)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $