Unit 12 Innovation 单元语基盘查与仿真训练评价-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套练习word（北师大版）

UNIT 12　单元语基盘查与仿真训练评价 测评卷(一)　单元语基盘查 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出单词——单词拼写(8分) (1)We launched (发起) a big advertising campaign to promote our new toothpaste. (2)During her film career, she acquired a reputation as an outspoken (直言不讳的) woman. (3)He wanted nothing for himself but to be the humble (谦卑的) servant of his country. (4)His future depends on the outcome (结果) of the elections. (5)Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome (克服)． (6)The workers expected to share out a year-end bonus (奖金)． (7)I offered to give them a lift but they declined (拒绝)． (8)She and Frank had never got around to opening a joint (共有的) account. Ⅱ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式——词形转换(20分) (9)We found further scientific (science) evidence for this theory. (10)A local businessman stepped in with a large donation (donate) for the school. (11)Although he subsequently (subsequent) became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him. (12)It will be many years before anyone can predict a hurricane's behaviour with much accuracy (accurate)． (13)This is certainly a theoretical (theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem. (14)As a biologist (biology), he has made great contributions. (15)Services could be operated more efficiently (efficient) and economically. (16)All of us applauded the proposal (propose) that every cent should be used where it is needed most. (17)The government hopes the court will announce its findings (find) before the end of the month. (18)According to the theory of relativity (relative), nothing can travel faster than light. Ⅲ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式——动词形式变化(20分) (19)The Students' Union appeals to all the students to_donate (donate) money to the disaster-hit area. (20)The patient was_perceived (perceive) to have difficulty in breathing. (21)It was_proposed (propose) to pay the money from public funds. (22)We should face the challenges we meet with in our life bravely and struggle to_overcome (overcome) them. (23)I intended to repay her for her help, but she declined (decline)． (24)They can be cooked by boiling (boil), steaming, frying or baking. (25)He soon uncovered a three-ring system around the exploded (explode) star. (26)The speed of the machine may be_regulated (regulate) to pace the packing operation. (27)To_preserve (preserve) this valuable species, the Siberian Tiger Park was built in 1996 in Heilongjiang Province. (28)Letters from Father Christmas is a collection of letters written and illustrated (illustrate) by J．R.R.Tolkien. Ⅳ.写出黑体部分在具体语境中的词性和含义——熟词生义(14分) (29)We spotted her steaming down the corridor towards him.v.疾行 (30)I don't think they have realized the gravity of the situation.n.严重性 (31)I am afraid I have to decline your invitation because of something urgent.v.谢绝 (32)We felt we might finish third; any better would be a bonus.n.意外的收获 (33)It is customary for the man to propose to the woman.v.求婚 (34)He was hopeful that the next round of talk would also be productive.adj.富有成效的 (35)Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and even became one of life's necessities for some people.adj.速溶的，速食的 Ⅴ.在空白处填入方框中的短语——选词填空(20分) instead of, in spite of, because of, one another, not to mention, turn to, at the age of, as a result, nothing like, with the development of (1)They love labour and help one_another. (2)We can have someone to turn_to when in trouble. (3)The match will go on in_spite_of the bad weather. (4)There he caught fever and died at_the_age_of 33. (5)Instead_of helping her, his explanation only mixed her up. (6)With_the_development_of the Internet, online education has caught on. (7)She survived because_of a plentiful supply of fresh water. (8)There's nothing_like volunteering to help you to experience the real meaning of the holiday. (9)The railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business, not_to_mention the better communication among those countries. (10)As_a_result,_many species are quickly dying out. Ⅵ.根据要求改写句子——句型转换(12分) (11)Will he come to the party? I have no idea.(合并为含有同位语从句的复合句) →I_have_no_idea_whether_he_will_come_to_the_party. (12)As time went by, he realized the importance of honesty.(改为with复合结构) →With_time_going_by,_he realized the importance of honesty. (13)The project which will be conducted next year is meeting with argument.(用不定式作定语) →The project to_be_conducted next year is meeting with argument. (14)He spent 18 years cycling along the streets and earned nearly 350,000 yuan.All of it was donated to many schools.(用现在分词短语作状语及非限制性定语从句改写) →He spent 18 years cycling along the streets, earning_nearly_350,000_yuan,_all_of_which_ was_donated_to_many_schools. (15)The words he said made us believe that he was a generous man.(用what引导的主语从句改写) →What_he_said made us believe that he was a generous man. (16)She was curious about historical mysteries, so she visited the museum alone last weekend.(用形容词作状语改写) →Curious_about_historical_mysteries,_she visited the museum alone last weekend. Ⅶ.根据汉语意思完成句子——单句写作(24分) (17)Without gravity, we_couldn't_walk_on_the_ground_as_freely_as_we_do now. 没有重力，我们不可能像现在这样自由地在地上行走。 (18)Yesterday we visited the West Lake for_which_Hangzhou_is_famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因此而闻名。 (19)3D printing technology will revolutionize the_way_(that/in_which)_we_produce_ medical_equipment_and_treat_patients. 3D打印技术将彻底改变我们生产医疗设备和治疗病人的方式。 (20)Only one of the teachers held the view that_what_the_book_said_was_right. 那些老师中只有一位认为这本书说的是对的。 (21)Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases trapped_in_the_atmosphere. 由于温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球气温上升。 (22)I was_watching_the_Olympic_Games_when my mother came in. 我正在看奥运会比赛，这时妈妈进来了。 (23)Today, as_we_learn_more_about_sharks,_more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. 如今，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得更多，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。 (24)People in China make_it_a_rule to buy New Year's presents for their relatives and friends. 中国人习惯给亲朋好友买新年礼物。 (25)Next_time_I_see_him,_I will tell him my schedule. 下回我看见他，我要告诉他我的工作计划。 (26)In_spite_of_the_extremely_freezing_weather,_no one quitted halfway.(in spite of) 尽管天气非常寒冷，但是没有一个同学中途放弃。 (27)With people along the streets cheering for us，we arrived at the finishing line，exhausted_but_happy.(形容词作状语) 在沿途人们的欢呼声中，我们最终到达了终点，尽管筋疲力尽，但是都很开心。 (28)The_instant_we_arrived,_our teacher showed us around and assigned us different tasks.(the instant)我们到了之后，老师就带我们进行了参观并分配了不同的任务。 测评卷(二)　单元仿真训练评价 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Sworkit Do you want to stay fit in the cold winter? Sworkit is here to help. It's good for people new to fitness, as well as those who don't have enough time to do other exercises. Once you download the app, you'll be asked to do a quiz so Sworkit can work out the best program and fitness plan for you. The app is free to download, but you'll need to pay a monthly fee to access most workouts. Peak This app is all about keeping your mind sharp. It has over 45 short, interactive games and puzzles.When you open Peak for the first time, you'll get to set personal goals and choose what brain-related aspects you'd like to improve on. The app is free to download, but unless you buy the paid version. Canva This graphic (绘画的) design app, used by more than 150 million people, has 250,000 patterns and 1 million pictures for you to create posters, logos, and more. It can even make videos, and even websites. All you need to give is a written tip, and a design is created for you in seconds. The free version of the app offers more than enough for the average person. Bookly Would you like something to track your reading progress in real time? Here comes Bookly. You can get not only detailed statistics, but also many personalized reading suggestions. It's much more convenient than manually (手动地) writing down. However, what really makes this app shine is its another distinctive function which enables users to add their own comments, quotes, or thoughts while reading. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款应用程序的功能和使用方法。 1．Which app is beneficial to people's health? A．Peak.　　　　　　　　 B．Sworkit. C．Bookly. D．Canva. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Sworkit部分中的“It's good for people new to fitness, as well as those who don't have enough time to do other exercises.”可知，Sworkit对人们的健康有益。 2．What do we know about Peak? A．The app is free to upload. B．The app is about solving puzzles. C．The app will improve your mind. D．The app can make choices for you. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Peak部分中的“This app is all about keeping your mind sharp.”可知，Peak这个应用程序会改善你的思维。 3．What is special about Bookly? A．It can make videos and websites. B．It offers many personalized functions. C．It provides a more interesting experience. D．It allows users to add their own reading notes. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Bookly部分中的“However, what really makes this app shine is its another distinctive function which enables users to add their own comments, quotes, or thoughts while reading.”可知，Bookly的特别之处是它允许用户添加自己的阅读笔记。 B Dr.Aminata Diallo, a 52-year-old Malian engineer, never imagined her childhood chore — carrying water 8km daily — would inspire a revolution.Today, her solar-powered atmospheric water generators (AWGs) relieve the thirst of 300,000 Sahel villagers, earning her the 2023 Rolex Award for Enterprise. Born in drought-stricken Timbuktu, Diallo experienced her “eureka moment” during a sandstorm: “I watched camels lick condensation (冷凝水) off rocks and thought — why can't humans harvest air's moisture？” While studying mechanical engineering at MIT, she faced skepticism.“Professors said AWGs were impractical for deserts，” she recalled.Determined, Diallo tested prototypes in her dorm shower's humidity, often working late into the night to refine her designs. Traditional AWGs required expensive hygroscopic materials.Diallo's innovation? Treating bamboo fibers with sodium chloride — a technique inspired by Mali's salt caravans (商队)．“Bamboo's structure mimics camel nostrils (鼻孔) which efficiently take in moisture from the air，” she explained.Her D|S50 portable units now produce 20 liters daily even at 15% humidity, making clean water accessible to remote communities. Diallo's non-profit “Jiko Collective” trains women to assemble AWGs, changing traditional gender roles in conservative regions.“My first workshop had three grandmothers and a nursing mother，” she said. “They fit machine parts while watching babies, proving that innovation thrives when everyone contributes.” Since 2020, over 4,000 women have learned these skills, giving clean water to 300,000 people and transforming their communities' social fabric. When tech giants offered millions for her patent, Diallo refused.“Water belongs to the sky, not shareholders，” she declared.Instead, she open-sourced designs through UNESCO, making them available for worldwide adoption.Critics call it naive, but to this award-winning engineer, every water drop from air shouts, “The sky's gift belongs to all.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马里工程师Aminata Diallo将童年经历转化为创新发明，用太阳能驱动的大气水发生器解决西非萨赫勒地区饮水问题的历程，突出了其技术突破、社会影响及公益精神。 4．What initially motivated Diallo's invention? A．Academic pressure at MIT. B．Childhood experiences in Mali. C．Encouragement from professors. D．Inspiration from camel behavior. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Born in drought-stricken Timbuktu, Diallo experienced her ‘eureka moment’ during a sandstorm: ‘I watched camels lick condensation off rocks and thought — why can't humans harvest air's moisture？’”可知，Diallo的童年在马里干旱地区度过，每日长途取水的成长经历是其发明的最初动机，并在看到骆驼的行为后，又得到了进一步的启发。因此从最初动机的角度来看，童年在马里的经历促使她进行了发明。 5．What does the underlined word “hygroscopic” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A．Water-absorbing.　　　 B．Enengy-saving. C．Heat-resistant. D．Cost-effective. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Traditional AWGs required expensive hygroscopic materials.Diall's innovation? Treating bamboo fibers with sodium chloride — a technique inspired by Mali's salt caravans.‘Bamboo's structure mimics camel nostrils which efficiently take in moisture from the air，’ she explained.”可知，因为大气水发生器是用来收集空气中水分的，且竹子能从空气中吸收水分，所以这种材料是能吸收水分的。由此可推断，hygroscopic意为“吸水的”。 6．Why did Diallo refuse tech companies' offers? A．To focus on academic research. B．To protect her technical secrets. C．To reduce production costs further. D．To keep designs publicly accessible. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Water belongs to the sky, not shareholders，’ she declared.Instead, she open-sourced designs through UNESCO, making them available for worldwide adoption.”可知，Diallo强调资源公共属性，拒绝专利私有化，因此拒绝科技公司的出价是为了让她的设计能被公众获取。 7．Which of the following best describe Diallo's character? A．Ambitious and profit-driven. B．Competitive and self-centered. C．Observant and socially conscious. D．Conservative and strong-minded. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Born in drought-stricken Timbuktu, Diallo experienced her ‘eureka moment’ during a sandstorm: ‘I watched camels lick condensation off rocks and thought — why can't humans harvest air's moisture？’”可知，她善于观察；根据最后一段中“Instead, she open-sourced designs through UNESCO, making them available for worldwide adoption.”可知，她具有社会意识。 C New Scientist magazine's chief reporter Adam recently published “Net-zero living: how your day will look in a carbon-neutral (碳中和) world”. Here, he imagines what a typical day would be like in the future — through the eyes of Isla, a child in 2050. Isla lives in the south of the United Kingdom and her life looks pretty much like life does today: She has a house, a car, a job, and a cup of tea in the morning. There are great forests, and giant machines sucking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. It all sounds like a green and pleasant land, but it didn't sound like the future to me. It's an interesting exercise, imagining what it will be like in about 30 years. I thought I would give it a try: here is some speculative fiction about Edie, living in Toronto, Canada in 2050. Edie lives in the garage in an old house that is her apartment and workshop. She considers herself to be very lucky to have this garage in what was her grandparents' house. The only people who live in houses these days either get the houses from their parents or are multi-millionaires from all over the world, desperate to move to Canada with its cooler climate and plentiful water and are able to afford the million-dollar immigrant visa fee. Edie is lucky to be working. There are no office or industrial jobs anymore: Artificial Intelligence and robots took care of that. The few jobs left are in service, culture, craft, health care, or real estate (房地产). In fact, selling real estate has become the nation's biggest industry. There may be lots of electricity from wind and solar farms, but even running tiny heat pumps for cooling is really expensive at peak times. The streets are unpleasantly hot, so many people sleep through the midday. Now Edie is checking the balance in her Personal Carbon Allowance (PCA) account to see if she has enough to buy another imported battery for her e-bike. If she doesn't have enough then, she will have to buy carbon credits, and they are expensive. She sets her alarm for 6：00 p．m. when the streets of Toronto will come alive again on this hot November day. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者由一名杂志记者发表的关于未来生活的文章引出话题并展开了自己对未来2050年碳排放减少后某一天的生活的畅想。 8．What does the author think of Isla's life? A．Desirable.　　　　 B．Unappealing. C．Unachievable. D．Exciting. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“It all sounds like a green and pleasant land, but it didn't sound like the future to me.”可推知，作者认为 Adam 在文中所描绘的 Isla的生活并不吸引他。 9．What will Toronto be like in 2050? A．Many people will immigrate abroad. B．Its climate will get colder and colder. C．Electricity will be very cheap to use. D．The house prices will be extremely high. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段中“In fact, selling real estate has become the nation's biggest industry.”可推断，2050年多伦多市的房价会很高。 10．What might be Edie's large concern? A．The house problem. B．Being out of work. C．The balance of her bank account. D．The energy consumption. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Now Edie is checking the balance in her Personal Carbon Allowance (PCA) account to see if she has enough to buy another imported battery for her e-bike. If she doesn't have enough then, she will have to buy carbon credits, and they are expensive.”可知，Edie会担忧自己的碳排放额度是否会超标，也就是能量消费问题。 11．What is the purpose of this text? A．To point out Adam's unreasonable thinking. B．To compare the present life and the future life. C．To imagine the life after reducing carbon emissions. D．To raise people's awareness of environmental protection. 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据首段并通读文章可推知，作者的写作目的是想象未来碳排放减少后的生活。 D When adult humans meet a baby, many can't help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音的) and sing-songy voice. This shift, known as parentese, is not unique to humans. It has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas. Now, scientists are adding one more species to that list: bottle-nose dolphins. Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups. They communicate in a unique way: Every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle? For babies, it might have something to do with listening to Mum. To solve this_mystery,_researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make. Scientists studied 34 years' worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottle-nose dolphins. When the mother dolphins were near their young, they continued to make their signature sounds, but at a higher frequency. They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby. This discovery suggests that using these modifications, mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves. Since baby dolphins often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own, it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate. At the very least, the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies' attention. “It's important for a baby to know, ‘Oh, Mum's talking to me now，’ ” says marine biologist Janet Mann. This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans. “It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate，” says Mann. “I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others, which is what happens in humans.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海豚妈妈通过使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话的研究结果。 12．What does the underlined part “this mystery” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．How dolphins develop their unique sounds. B．Why dolphins live and play in groups. C．What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess. D．Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，海豚发出独特的声音与听到海豚妈妈的声音有关，所以为了解“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团，研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线部分指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。 13．How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins? A．By recording parent-child interaction frequency. B．By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features. C．By measuring the distance between parents and children. D．By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scientists studied 34 years' worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottle-nose dolphins.”可知，研究人员通过分析母海豚的声音特征对海豚进行了研究。 14．What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young? A．To express worry and care. B．To teach them hunting skills. C．To help them learn to talk. D．To distract their attention. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This discovery suggests that using these modifications, mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.”可知，海豚妈妈对幼崽使用婴儿语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。 15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Some new findings about dolphin communication B．The value of studying dolphins' language C．A comparison of the parentese of humans and dolphins D．An introduction to the development of dolphin intelligence 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段并通读全文可知，文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。故A项“关于海豚交流的一些新发现”适合作文章标题。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Rise of the Robots The word “robot” was created in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek, who imagined artificial, fully functional servants.For most of their history, however, robots have been silent, inelegant devices sitting out of sight in factories. Things are starting to change, however.Robots have benefited from rapid innovations in smartphones, which brought cameras, sensors and wireless communications. __16__ Robots are leaving industrial settings for everyday life and, will work in supermarkets, social care and much more. __17__ Many industries are facing a shortage of labour nowadays when emergencies appear now and then.Robots are now indispensable, picking items off shelves and helping people pack a rising numbers of boxes.They are even beginning to deliver goods or food right to people's doors. __18__ And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. __19__ The evidence suggests robots will be disruptive (扰乱性的) but ultimately beneficial for labour markets.A Yale University study that looked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company's employment by 2.2%. For all that, the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. __20__ The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge.In Capek's play，the robots went against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse.The beginnings of the world's real robots have not matched Capek's satire (讽刺). There is no reason to think that their future needs to either. A．They could not be coming at a better time. B．But that need not be the disaster many fear. C．The use of advanced technologies lead to increases in hiring. D．In fact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. E．Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing. F．Firms should recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. G．Recent advances in machine learning have equipped them to make wiser decisions. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“机器人”这个词的来源以及后来“机器人”的崛起。 16．解析：选G　空处上一句介绍科技创新带给机器人的进步和发展，而G项“机器学习的最新进展使它们能够做出更明智的决定”则是这种发展的结果，“Recent advances”与上一句中的“rapid innovations”呼应。 17．解析：选A　根据空后的“Many industries are facing a shortage of labour nowadays”可知，A项“它们来得正是时候”衔接下文，符合语境。 18．解析：选E　根据空前两句可知，机器人的广泛应用可以提高效率，故E项“拥有更多的机器人来提高生产率将是一件好事”承接上文，符合语境。 19．解析：选D　空前一句提到很多人担心机器人将摧毁岗位，空后两句则表明机器人实际对就业有促进作用，故D项“事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了”承上启下，符合语境。 20．解析：选B　空处上句指出机器人的进步将为工作场所带来巨大变化，下句则说到机器人变革的潜在收益是巨大的。故B项“但机器人的发展不会成为许多人担心的灾难”承上启下，符合语境。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific__21__regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法)． The family was on a very tight __22__. However, his parents __23__education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a(n) __24__for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was __25__ to earn a living, he changed to __26__. He was not a(n) __27__ student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his __28__ school. Later, he owed his success to his __29__. He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in __30__ some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur's __31__ research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, __32__ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to __33__ research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to __34__ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award __35__ in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。 21．A.predictions　　　　　 B．discoveries C．methods D．performances 解析：选B　根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization”可知，这些都是科学发现。 22．A.turn B．schedule C．relationship D．budget 解析：选D　根据空后的“However, his parents ________ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。 23．A.valued B．overestimated C．sharpened D．assigned 解析：选A　根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好学校。 24．A.demand B．temptation C．passion D．inspiration 解析：选C　根据下文“When he realized that art was _______ to earn a living, he changed to ________.”可知，Pasteur对艺术有热情。 25．A.unavoidable B．unlikely C．unexpected D．uneventful 解析：选B　根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。 26．A.geography B．mathematics C．politics D．chemistry 解析：选D　根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific ________”可知，他后来成了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。 27．A.considerate B．intelligent C．lifelong D．close 解析：选B　根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ________ school”可知，他并不是一个聪明的学生。 28．A.desired B．approved C．engaged D．varied 解析：选A　根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常识可知，他最终进入了自己想要去的学校。 29．A.fame B．routine C．perseverance D．blessing 解析：选C　根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ________ school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自自己的毅力。 30．A.fundraising B．tackling C．motivating D．occupying 解析：选B　根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可推测，空处指的是“解决，处理”。 31．A.overnight B．joint C．monthly D．early 解析：选D　根据下文“His wife, Marie, ________ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to ________ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是早期的情况。 32．A.actively B．objectively C．humbly D．nobly 解析：选A　根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持他的工作。 33．A.turn down B．cope with C．work out D．take up 解析：选D　根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。 34．A.devote B．treat C．find D．commit 解析：选C　根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies”可推测，空处指的是找到疾病的起因。 35．A.available B．memorable C．favorable D．knowledgeable 解析：选A　根据上文“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Two researchers who helped lay the foundations for modern artificial intelligence have been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. Inspired by the workings of the brain, John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton built artificial neural (神经的) networks that store and retrieve memories like the human brain, and learn from information __36__ (feed) into them. Hinton, 76, often referred to as “the father of AI”， made headlines last year __37__ he quit the company position and warned about the dangers of machines outsmarting humans. The scientists' pioneering work demonstrated that computer programs that draw on neural networks and statistics could form the basis for an entire field, which paved the way for swift and accurate language translation, facial __38__ (recognize) systems, and the generative AI. Hopfield, 91, __39__ (honour) for building “an associative memory that can store and reconstruct images and other types of patterns in data”， while Hinton invented a method that can “__40__ (independent) discover properties in data”， __41__ important feature of the large artificial neural networks __42__ use today. Having technology __43__ (smart) than humans would be “wonderful in many respects”， Hinton said, leading to__44__ (substance) improvements in healthcare, better digital assistants, and productivity.“But we also have to worry about a number of possible bad __45__ (consequence), particularly the threat of these things getting out of control，” he added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍两位为现代人工智能奠定基础的研究人员John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton被授予2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。 36．fed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，且feed和information之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填fed。 37．when　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是last year，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。 38．recognition　考查名词。此处使用名词作定语，修饰名词systems，故填recognition。 39．was honoured　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；honour和主语Hopfield之间是被动关系，且主语表示单数意义，故填was honoured。 40．independently　考查副词。修饰动词discover应用副词形式，故填independently。 41．an　考查冠词。feature是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且important以元音音素开头，故填an。 42．in　考查介词。in use是固定短语，意为“在使用中”，故填in。 43．smarter　考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填smarter。 44．substantial　考查形容词。空处修饰名词improvements，应用形容词作定语，故填substantial。 45．consequences　考查名词复数。consequence是可数名词，由“a number of”可知，空处应用名词复数形式，故填consequences。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 你校近期将举办一场以科学精神(scientific spirit)为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇参赛发言稿。 注意：1.题目自拟，内容需要适当的例子支持； 2．写作词数应为80个左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： A man of the soil It's my great honour today to deliver a speech on scientific spirit to you. From my point of view, devotion and determination contribute the most to the achievement of a scientist. Yuan Longping, a man of the soil, is the best example. As he once said, “My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the people away from hunger.” To realize this dream, he devoted all his life to the soil to boost yields in the field. Although no one thought it could be done, he never lost heart to tackle this challenge. Having overcome varieties of difficulties, he finally found the answer in hybrid rice. Thanks to his scientific spirit, today not just China but many other countries have basically solved the hunger problem. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Freddie Forbes stared in awe (敬畏) at the platform in the packed school hall. The headmaster marched onto the stage, followed by the captains of the school soccer team and rugby side. Freddie watched enviously as each was presented with an honors jacket for their contribution to the school's sporting success over the previous year. When the next presentation of honors jacket would come around, Freddie knew there was little hope that he would be the receiver of one of these treasured items of clothing. “I wish you all a happy summer holiday，” the headmaster announced. “Although most of you will be going away to sunnier parts, there are others who will be staying near their home. The local council has asked the school to undertake a project over the next six weeks to help clear up litter around the area and separate it for recycling. If anyone is interested, come to my office and you will be supplied with a litter picker, bags and heavy-duty gloves.” Freddie knew he would be at a loose end over the holiday, so he went to the office along with four other boys to pick up the equipment needed to gather up the rubbish which littered the streets around the school. When he arrived home, his mother looked at him curiously as he placed the equipment on the kitchen table. “What is this all about？” she asked with a smile on her face. “Mum, I'm an average pupil and I'm not very good at sports，” he replied. “This waste recycling is one way I can contribute to the good name of the school.” “Just as long as you don't get fed up and stop halfway through，” said Mum. “I have made up my mind to stick this out through thick and thin，” Freddie said confidently. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Over the next few weeks, the other boys dropped out of the project. _____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Hearing his name called by the headmaster, Freddie nervously made his way to the platform. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Over the next few weeks, the other boys dropped out of the project. But Freddie kept on. Some of his friends laughed at him, thinking it was a waste of time. Nevertheless, Freddie decided to stick it out. The first day of the new school year soon arrived and once again the school hall was packed with pupils. When the headmaster appeared, he was carrying a certificate which bore the logo of the local council. “Welcome back，” he said.“The council has presented this certificate to the school in recognition of the work by one of our pupils. Freddie Forbes, please come to the platform.” Hearing his name called by the headmaster, Freddie nervously made his way to the platform. The headmaster smiled at Freddie. “This certificate you have worked so hard to achieve will hang in the school office, but you will get a personal award too.” A teacher came onto the stage, bringing one of the honors jackets that Freddie had admired so much. The headmaster asked Freddie to remove his own jacket and helped him into the blazer that he thought he would never wear. As the pupils who had dropped out looked on enviously, Freddie knew that collecting waste was certainly not a waste of time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $