内容正文:
Unit 5 Eating out
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
高频易错点03 祈使句的用法
高频易错点01 名词的用法
高频易错点02 点餐常用句型及其回答
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
名词的用法 高频易错点01
名词按它是否能以数目来计算分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称,通常有单数和复数形式。
可数名词的单数一般在名词前加冠词a/an或基数词one来表示,如a cup, an egg, one student...
一、可数名词复数规则变化
一般情况下,词尾直接+s
bike-bikes, boy-boys
以sh,ch,x,z,s结尾的,词尾+es
watch-watches, fox-foxes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,读/iz/
family-families,strawberry-strawberries
以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加s
boy-boys
以“f或fe”结尾,去f或fe,再加-ves,读/vz/
knife-knives
但有些词只加s:roofs, proofs, chiefs
以o结尾的名词变复数,加-s(无生命)或者-es(有生命)
photo(s), video(s),hero(es)
口诀:英雄爱吃马铃薯,西红柿和芒果
二、可数名词复数不规则变化
1.单复数同形
口诀:中国日本人喜欢鱼羊鹿
Chinese, Japanese, people, fish, sheep, deer
2.男女孩子的脚踩住了老鼠、牛和鹅的牙齿
单数:man,woman,child,foot,mouse,ox,goose,tooth
复数:men, women, children, feet, mice, oxen, geese, teeth
3.复合名词复数的变化
(1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。
homework, newspaper
(2)以man/woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变复数。
woman doctor → women doctors
(3)以两个名词构成的复合名词,一般把后面的名词变成复数。
toy shop → toy shops lemon tree → lemon trees
三、不可数名词
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。不可数名词只有单数名词形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an,但可以用定冠词the。
常见不可数名词归类:
1. 表示液体:water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink…
2. 表示自然现象:snow, rain, wind…
3. 表示食品:bread, meat, rice, jam, honey, beef, pork, chicken, fish(鱼肉), tofu, food…
4. 其他:paper、news、homework、advice……
易错点提示
修饰词
some: 一些
some+可数名词复数 some+不可数名词
much: 许多
much+不可数名词
many: 许多
many+可数名词
a lot of: 大量的
a lot of+可数名词复数 a lot of+不可数名词
小练笔
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.
2.There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.
3.These _______(tomato) are red.
4.______(hero) are great.
5.My brother looks after two ______(baby)
6.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.
7.These ________ (photo) are about his daily life.
8.Mike's plant has eight ______ (leaf).
9.How many ________ (time) can you jump in a minute?
10.Those _______ (boy) bicycles are cool.
点拨
1. 答案:wolves解析:`many` 后接可数名词复数,`wolf` 的复数形式是 `wolves`(以 f/fe 结尾的名词,变 f/fe 为 v 再加 es)。
2. 答案:chairs解析:`three` 是数词,后接可数名词复数,`chair` 的复数直接加 `s`,即 `chairs`。
3. 答案:tomatoes解析:`these` 后接可数名词复数,`tomato` 是以 o 结尾的有生命名词,复数加 `es`,即 `tomatoes`。
4. 答案:Heroes解析:句中 be 动词是 `are`,说明主语是复数,`hero` 是以 o 结尾的有生命名词,复数加 `es`,即 `Heroes`(句首首字母大写)。
5. 答案:babies解析:`two` 后接可数名词复数,`baby` 是以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 再加 `es`,即 `babies`。
6. 答案:deer解析:`some` 后可接可数名词复数,`deer` 单复数同形,复数形式仍为 `deer`。
7. 答案:photos解析:`these` 后接可数名词复数,`photo` 是以 o 结尾的无生命名词,复数直接加 `s`,即 `photos`。
8. 答案:leaves解析:`eight` 后接可数名词复数,`leaf` 是以 f 结尾的名词,变 f 为 v 再加 `es`,即 `leaves`。
9. 答案:times解析:`how many` 后接可数名词复数,`time` 此处表示“次数”,是可数名词,复数直接加 `s`,即 `times`。
10. 答案:boys'解析:`those` 后接复数名词,且此处表示“那些男孩的自行车”,需用名词所有格,`boy` 的复数是 `boys`,所有格直接加 `'`,即 `boys'`。
点餐常用句型及其回答 高频易错点02
1.Can I help you?
你要点什么?/ 我能帮你吗?
2.What would you like?
你想要什么?
3.Would you like a …?
你想要一个……吗?
4.Anything else?
还要别的吗?
易错点提示
常用回答:
I'd like …
我想要……
Yes, please.
好的,麻烦了。
No, thank you.
不用了,谢谢。
Here you are.
给你。
Thank you.
谢谢。
小练笔
单项选择
( )1. —Can I help you?
—________
A. I'd like a pie. B. Yes, I can. C. No, I don't.
( )2. —What would you like?
—________
A. I like cakes. B. I'd like a cake. C. Yes, I would.
( )3. —Would you like a hot dog?
—________
A. Yes, I do. B. Yes, please. C. I'd like a hot dog.
( )4. —Anything else?
—________
A. No, thank you. B. Here you are. C. I'm hungry.
( )5. —How much is it?
—________
A.It's ten yuan. B. Ten, please. C. Ten yuans.
点拨
1. A. I'd like a pie.解析:问句 `Can I help you?` 是服务场景常用语,意为“你需要点什么?”,回答应说明自己的需求,`I'd like a pie.`(我想要一个馅饼)符合语境;B、C选项答非所问。
2. B. I'd like a cake. 解析:问句 `What would you like?` 意为“你想要什么?”,标准回答是 `I'd like...`(我想要……);A选项 `I like cakes.` 表达“我喜欢蛋糕”,不符合点餐语境;C选项句式错误。
3. B. Yes, please.解析:问句 `Would you like a hot dog?` 是委婉询问意愿,肯定回答用 `Yes, please.`,否定回答用 `No, thank you.`;A选项用于回答 `Do you...?` 句型,C选项答非所问。
4. A. No, thank you.解析:问句 `Anything else?` 意为“还要别的吗?”,否定回答用 `No, thank you.`(不用了,谢谢);B选项 `Here you are.` 意为“给你”,C选项 `I'm hungry.` 意为“我饿了”,均不符合语境。
5. A. It's ten yuan.解析:问句 `How much is it?` 询问价格,回答要用 `It's + 金额 + yuan.` 结构,`yuan` 无复数形式;B选项答非所问,C选项 `yuans` 形式错误。
祈使句的用法高频易错点03
一、祈使句概念
1. 用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告或禁止等的句子
2. 主语“You”通常被省略,一般以动词原形开头
3. 可在句首或句末加上Please表示礼貌
4. 句末用感叹号或者问号,用降调来读
二、祈使句类型
肯定祈使句
(1)Do型:动词原形开头 ,eg:Come on, please.
(2)Be型:Be+形容词 ,eg: Be quiet.
(3)Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形 ,eg: Let me help you.
否定祈使句
(1)Do型和Be型:在句首加Don't ,eg:Don't be careless.
(2)Let型:Let+宾语+not+动原 或Don't+let+宾语+动原 ,
eg:Let's not say anything.
Don't let us go, please.
易错点提示
祈使句的应答方式
肯定回答:OK./Sure./All right.
Please close the window. → OK.
否定回答:Sorry, I can't.(需说明原因)
Let's go swimming today. → Sorry, I have to study.
小练笔
单项选择
( )1. ______ quiet, please.
A. Be B. Is C. Are
( )2. ______ run in the hallway.
A. Not B. Don't C. No
( )3. Let's ______ a song.
A. sing B. sings C. singing
( )4. ______ the window, please. It's cold.
A. Open B. Don't open C. Opening
( )5. —Please pass me the pen.
—______
A.Thank you. B. OK. C. Sorry.
点拨
1.答案:A. Be 解析:这是祈使句的 Be 型,结构为 `Be + 形容词`,表示“保持……状态”。所以用动词原形 `Be`。
2.答案:B. Don't 解析:这是 Do 型祈使句的否定形式,结构为 `Don't + 动词原形`,表示“不要做某事”。所以用 `Don't`。
3.答案:A. sing 解析:这是 Let 型祈使句,结构为 `Let + 宾语 + 动词原形`,所以用动词原形 `sing`。
4.答案:B. Don't open 解析:根据后句“It's cold.”(天气冷),可知是“不要开窗户”,用 Do 型祈使句的否定形式 `Don't open`。
5.答案:B. OK. 解析:当别人说“请把笔递给我”时,用 `OK.` 表示同意,是祈使句的常用肯定回应。
综合训练
一、单项选择。
( )1.—_______ are the cakes?
—They're nice!
A.How B.What C.Where
( )2.—_______ eggs does Wang Bing have?
—Two.
A.How B.How many C.How much
( )3.—_______ would you like?
—I'd like some _______.
A.How; noodles B.What; noodle C.What; noodles
( )4.Chinese food _______ delicious.
A.am B.is C.are
( )5.—Two takeaway _______ please!
—OK!
A.a box B.box C.boxes
( )6.I'd like _______ noodles and _______ egg.
A.some; an B.a; an C.some; a
( )7.Let _______ eat by the table.
A.we B.us C.our
( )8.—What _______ you like?
—I'd like some noodles.
A.do B.are C.would
( )9.I'd like a _______.
A.sandwiches B.sandwich C.sandwichs
( )10.—Anything else?
—_______, thank you.
A.No B.OK C.Yes
( )11.I like ________. It's very delicious.
A.spring roll B.spring rolls C.rice
( )12.Let's __________ hot pot next time.
A.try B.tries C.trying
二、从方框中选择合适的词,并用其适当形式填空
try eat share vegetable look
1.I'd like _______ out.
2._______ are good for us.
3.The Greens are _______ at the menu in a restaurant.
4.Let's _______ hot pot next time.
5.Su Yang and Su Hai often _______ food and toys with each other.
从方框中选择合适的单词补全句子。
would delicious hungry menu anything
6.I'm ____. I want to eat some bread.
7.Look at the ____. Let's choose the food.
8.What ____ you like?
9.The sandwich is very ____.
10.____ else?
三、句型转换。
1.The food is delicious. (改为感叹句)
______ ______ the food is!
2.They want two glasses of juice. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they want?
3.I'd like some jiaozi. (改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ ______ some jiaozi?
4.The food is delicious. (改为否定句)
The food ________ ________ delicious.
5.I want to eat some noodles. (对画线部分提问)
_____ do you want to _____ ?
6.I'd like fried rice. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ you like?
五、根据首字母提示完成短文。
Mike and Wang Bing go to a Chinese restaurant. The waiter says, “Can I help you?” Wang Bing says, “I'd like some 1.n_____ and jiaozi.” Mike says, “I want some 2.f_____ rice and spring rolls.” “Anything 3.e_____?” asks the waiter. “Two glasses of orange juice, please,” they say. The food is 4.d_____. They want to take the leftovers home, so they ask for two 5.t_____ boxes.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. A. How
解析:答句 `They're nice!` 是评价蛋糕,用 `How` 提问“怎么样”。
2. B. How many
解析:`eggs` 是可数名词复数,询问数量用 `How many`。
3. C. What; noodles
解析:`What would you like?` 是点餐常用问句;`some` 后接可数名词复数 `noodles`。
4. B. is
解析:`Chinese food` 是不可数名词,视为单数,be 动词用 `is`。
5. C. boxes
解析:`two` 后接可数名词复数,`box` 的复数是 `boxes`。
6. A. some; an
解析:`noodles` 是复数,用 `some` 修饰;`egg` 以元音音素开头,用 `an`。
7. B. us
解析:`let` 后接人称代词宾格,`we` 的宾格是 `us`。
8. C. would
解析:答句 `I'd like...` 对应问句 `What would you like?`。
9. B. sandwich
解析:`a` 后接可数名词单数,选 `sandwich`。
10. A. No
解析:`Anything else?` 的否定回答是 `No, thank you.`。
11. C. rice
解析:后句 `It's` 指代单数/不可数名词,`rice` 是不可数名词;`spring roll` 需用复数 `spring rolls` 才符合 `like` 表泛指的用法,但 `It's` 不匹配复数,故选 `rice`。
12. A. try
解析:`Let's` 后接动词原形,用 `try`。
二、从方框中选择合适的词,并用其适当形式填空
第一组(try / eat / share / vegetable / look)
1. to eat
解析:固定搭配 `would like to do sth.`,`eat out` 表示“出去吃饭”。
2. Vegetables
解析:`are` 提示主语是复数,`vegetable` 的复数是 `vegetables`,句首首字母大写。
3. looking
解析:`are + 现在分词` 构成现在进行时,`look at` 表示“看”,`look` 变 `looking`。
4. try
解析:`Let's` 后接动词原形,`try hot pot` 表示“试试火锅”。
5. share
解析:`often` 提示一般现在时,主语是复数,用动词原形 `share`,`share...with...` 表示“和……分享”。
第二组(would / delicious / hungry / menu / anything)
6. hungry
解析:`I'm hungry` 表示“我饿了”,符合后句“想吃面包”的语境。
7. menu
解析:`look at the menu` 表示“看菜单”,符合“挑选食物”的语境。
8. would
解析:固定句型 `What would you like?`。
9. delicious
解析:`very delicious` 表示“非常美味”,用来描述食物。
10. Anything
解析:固定句型 `Anything else?` 表示“还要别的吗?”,句首首字母大写。
三、句型转换
1. How delicious
解析:感叹句结构 `How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!`,delicious 是形容词。
2. What do
解析:对事物 `two glasses of juice` 提问用 `What`,原句 `want` 是实义动词,主语 `they` 用助动词 `do`。
3. Would you like
解析:`I'd like...` 变一般疑问句,将 `would` 提前,`I` 变 `you`。
4. is not
解析:含 be 动词 `is` 的句子变否定句,在 `is` 后加 `not`。
5. What; eat
解析:对事物 `some noodles` 提问用 `What`,`want to` 后接动词原形 `eat`。
6. What would
解析:对事物 `fried rice` 提问用 `What`,原句 `I'd like` 变问句为 `What would you like?`。
五、根据首字母提示完成短文
1. noodles(面条,和 jiaozi 并列,都是食物)
2. fried(fried rice 表示“炒饭”)
3. else(Anything else? 固定搭配)
4. delicious(食物很美味)
5. takeaway(takeaway boxes 表示“外卖盒”)
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