精品解析：河北廊坊市第十五中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级寒假开学测试英语试题

2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科学情调研测评试题 答题时长：90分钟，满分100分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What helps the man quit social media? A. Doing sports. B. Focusing on his work. C. Volunteering in the community. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I’ve finally found something better than social media — going swimming instead. W: Nice! I replaced it with volunteering in the community. M: That’s great! 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How much will Mark’s card show right after he adds 150 yuan today? A. 110 yuan. B. 150 yuan. C. 165 yuan. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hey Mark, our canteen’s new Meal Card gives a 10% bonus. I paid 100 yuan last week and got 110 yuan on the card. M: Cool! I’m going to add 150 yuan today. That extra ten percent really helps. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the two speakers doing? A. Playing a quiz. B. Planning a trip. C. Drawing a map. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Paris! That’s the capital of France. Give me another one — I love quick quizzes. W: OK, here’s a tough one: Which big bay lies on the south coast of China? M: That’s tricky. Give me a second! 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Bargain with the seller. B. Look for another bag. C. Wait for the next sale. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: That handbag looks nice, but it’s a bit too expensive. I think I’ll come back when it’s on sale. M: Why don’t you ask the seller if he can lower the price? W: I feel a little awkward. M: Don’t worry. At street markets, you’re expected to bargain. It’s normal. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man think of rereading Harry Potter in English? A. Boring. B. Practical. C. Rewarding. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m thinking of rereading Harry Potter in English. It might be challenging but fun. M: Good idea! Reading in another language helps a lot. You can learn many new words. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the boy mainly use his phone for? A. Playing a game. B. Doing school research. C. Chatting with friends. 7. What does Tom think of his mom’s rule? A. Reliable. B. Worrying. C. Reasonable. 【答案】6. B 7. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Tom, you’ve been on your phone for three hours. M: But Mom, it’s for my history project. I mostly use it for my studying. W: Well, I did see you playing games just now. Let’s set a rule, okay? M: What kind of rule? W: You can use your phone for 60 minutes after you finish your homework, and phones must be out of bedrooms after 10 p. m. I know you can stick to it. M: Fair enough. Thanks for trusting me. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the main challenge for the speakers now? A. Not having enough workers. B. Lacking proper food supply. C. Losing some regular customers. 9. Where will the speakers probably go first? A. To the bar. B. To the office. C. To the dining area. 10. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Couple. B. Workmates. C. Neighbours. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Kate, you know tomorrow will be our busiest day of the year at our restaurant. W: Yeah, I’ve already got the shift list. But we’re short of staff. M: True. Serving everyone will be a challenge. Luckily, we’ll be able to seat everyone inside and outside. W: What if customers wait too long for food? I’m worried about it. M: Let’s plan everything now. First, let’s list out the details in my office. Then we’ll go upstairs to set up everything at the bar and dining areas. W: Good idea. M: Remember, the key is communication. We must keep each other informed. W: Got it! 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Why does the woman want cherry trees? A. To make her garden more beautiful. B. To provide shade for her garden. C. To get fresh fruits for her family. 12. What does the man say a cherry tree needs? A. Enough water. B. Lots of soil. C. Plenty of sunlight. 13. What will the woman probably do next? A. Buy some cherry trees and soil. B. Plant the cherry trees. C. Pick up some tomatoes. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, Nancy, glad to see you again! How did those tomato seeds you bought here work out? W: They were perfect, thanks! They made a great addition to my garden. But now I want something bigger for shade. M: A cherry tree would be ideal. Do you have enough space? W: Yes, my garden is pretty big. Do you have some? M: We sure do. They grow well here, and you know cherry trees usually need plenty of sunlight. W: That’s fine. What kind of soil should I use? M: Fresh, rich soil. Follow me, I will show you our best soil for fruit trees. W: Great! And how long will it be before I get cherries? M: Usually three to four years. You just need patience. W: OK, I can’t wait. Let’s do it. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is the man’s paper mainly about? A. Effects of the weather on farming habits. B. Different types of crops harvested in China. C. The history of Norwegian agriculture. 15. What does the man think about wheat farming in North China? A. It doesn’t require much teamwork. B. It encourages large-group cooperation. C. It’s strongly influenced by cold winters. 16. Where is the man from? A. The north of Norway. B. The south of China. C. The north of China. 17. Why does the man ask the woman about things in Norway? A. To make his travel plan there. B. To collect information for his paper. C. To learn about weather in Norway. 【答案】14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 【解析】 【原文】M: Amy, thanks for introducing Mr. Jones to me. He helped me so much with my paper. W: You’re welcome, David. What’s your paper about? M: It’s about how the weather affects people’s farming habits. During the rainy season in South China, rice farming needs teamwork. W: So people there are more cooperative? M: Exactly! Everyone has to work together, or the crops would fail. But wheat farming in the North, for example, my hometown, Heilongjiang, is different. W: I see. So Northerners are more independent? M: Right. How are things in Norway? W: Well, in cold winters people have to help each other. But mountains mean villagers have to rely on themselves, too. M: So Norwegians are a mix of both? That’s a good example for my paper! W: Yeah, that’s it. Weather really influences how people farm. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What type of programme is News Spin? A. A science news programme. B. A cooking show. C. A food documentary. 19. What will Dr. Lisa Park mainly discuss? A. Three key points about the new technology. B. Ways of cooking lab-grown chicken. C. The production process of lab-grown meat. 20. What will the listeners probably do before the end of the programme? A. Purchase lab-grown meat products. B. Vote online about the taste test. C. Search for Australian restaurants online. 【答案】18. A 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【原文】Good evening, and welcome to News Spin. I’m Sarah. Tonight, we’re discussing lab-grown meat, a topic many of you requested. This isn’t science fiction — it’s already approved and served in several Australian restaurants. The technology could help reduce animal killing, feed more families worldwide, and most importantly, cut carbon emissions. Let me explain how it works. Scientists take a tiny sample of animal cells, feed them nutrients in a controlled environment, and grow them into real muscle tissue in about two weeks, and the result looks and tastes like real meat. To learn more, we’ve invited Dr. Lisa Park from the National Institute of Agriculture and Food Science. She’s been researching this technology for over eight years. We’ll discuss three key points: safety, cost, and public acceptance. Before we finish, we’ll do a live taste test of lab-grown chicken and share our honest reviews. You can also vote online. Stay with us. We’ll be right back after a short break. 第二部分 单项选择(共15小题，每道题1分，满分15分) 21. The groom said his bride-to-be had been _______ to tears on several occasions throughout the day and he had tried to comfort her as best as he could. A. reduced B. subjected C. tracked D. motivated 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新郎说，他的准新娘在一天中有好几次都哭成泪人，他都尽力安慰她。A. reduced使……陷入（不好的境地）；B. subjected使……顺从；C. tracked追踪，跟踪；D. motivated激励，给……动机。根据句意可知，此处意为“伤心落泪”，表达为be reduced to tears；故选A。 22. The ladies spent some time _________ on each other’s health and families. A. suffering from B. coming across C. bringing up D. catching up 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：女士们花了一些时间互相了解对方的健康和家庭状况。A.suffering from遭受；B. coming across偶遇 ；C.bringing up提出； D.catch up了解。由后文“each other’s health and families”可知，她们应该是在相互“了解”。故选D项。 23. On the wall __________ a noticeboard that says, “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other”. A. hanging B. is hanged C. hangs D. is hung 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：墙上挂着一块布告牌，上面写着“请保持两米距离”。地点状语置于句首构成全部倒装，主语a noticeboard为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数hangs；hang表示“悬挂”时，主动形式即可表状态，不用被动。故选C项。 24. To this day, Michael Jordan is regarded as one of the best basketball players ever to have __________ the game, __________ unmatched skill and exceptional sportsmanship inspire players and fans alike. A. drawn; who B. commanded, whose C. explored, who D. graced; whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：直到今天，迈克尔・乔丹仍被认为是为这项运动增光添彩的最伟大篮球运动员之一，他无与伦比的球技和卓越的体育精神激励着球员与球迷。A. drawn绘画，吸引；who……的人/他（她）；B. commanded命令，掌管；whose其/他的/她的/他们的；C. explored探索，考察；who……的人/他（她）；D. graced为增色，使荣耀；whose其/他的/她的/他们的。根据前文“Michael Jordan is regarded as one of the best basketball players(迈克尔·乔丹被视为最出色的篮球运动员之一)”可推知，出色的球员对于比赛有巨大的正面影响，“grace the game”，意为“为比赛增光添彩”，符合语境；第二个空所在“__________ unmatched skill and exceptional sportsmanship…”为之前“Michael Jordan”的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作“unmatched skill”的定语，用“whose”引导从句。故选D项。 25. ________, we have to get down to ________ the papers right away. A. There was no time left; mark B. There is no time left; being marked C. As there was no time left; marking D. There being no time left; marking 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构和固定搭配。句意：时间不多了，我们必须马上开始阅卷。分析句子可知，第一空可为独立主格结构形式或从句结构形式，而C项时态错误，应为一般现在时；第二空考查get down to doing sth表“开始认真做某事”，为固定结构。故选D项。 26. The dish _____Sichuan province, China _____hot but tasty. A. originating from; is tasted B. originating from; tastes C. originated from; is tasted D. originated from; tastes 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和感官动词。句意：起源于中国四川的这道菜尝起来辣而可口。第一空，分析句子结构可知originate from在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语dish构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语；第二空，taste在句中作谓语，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为dish，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，taste此处表示“尝起来”，为感官动词，无被动语态。故选B。 27. Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在几个月内，丹尼尔帮助筹集了2万美元，用这笔钱在肯尼亚建立了一家诊所。“________ a clinic was set up in Kenya”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词$20,000，表示“用这笔钱”，应用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，指物只能用which，根据句意“用这笔钱”可知，应使用介词with，表示使用的工具或手段，即“with+which”引导定语从句。故选C。 28. ________ is most significant is the way ______ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A. What, in which B. That, that C. Whether, in that D. What, how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：最重要的是人们建造梯田和种植水稻的方式。第一空引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，用what引导；第二空引导定语从句，修饰名词the way，关系词在从句中作方式状语，定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略，为固定用法，故选A。 29. A new airport may be constructed here, __________ the pace of economic growth will be enhanced. A. in what case B. in that case C. in which case D. in whose case 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这里可能会修建一座新机场，在这种情况下，经济增长的速度将会加快。A. in what case在什么情况下；B. in that case那样的话(不能引导从句)；C. in which case在这种情况下，引导非限制性定语从句；D. in whose case在谁的情况下。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处指代前面一整句话并引导定语从句，in which case符合语境。故选C。 30. It was playing computer games______ cost the boy plenty of time_____ he ought to have spent doing his homework. A. that; that B. which; that C. which; when D. that; when 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。考查强调句型。It is/was 被强调成分that/who其它成分；这是强调句型的基本结构。强调句型最大的特点就是把it is/was…that/who去掉，句子仍然成立。第一空强调playing computer games.第二空是定语从句，that指代先行词plenty of time作为spend的宾语。 31. It was unbelievable ________ he designed went beyond the expectations of everyone in the room. A. that B. that what C. what D. what that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：令人难以置信的是，他所设计的东西超出了房间里每个人的预期。根据“It was unbelievable”可知，此处需用固定句型It was unbelievable that…，表示“令人难以置信的是……”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句；该从句中went beyond前缺少主语，需有连接词引导名词性从句作主语，这一主语从句中designed后缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故选B。 32. Browning sometimes gives us the impression, especially ______ religious difficulties are concerned, ______ he has all the answers to all the questions. A. as; since B. where; that C. as; that D. where; since 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句和名词性从句。句意：勃朗宁有时给我们这样的印象，尤其在涉及宗教疑难问题时，好像他无所不知似的。where sth. is concerned(＝as far as sth is concerned)就……而言，where在此引导地点状语从句，表示某种范围；根据语境可知he has all the answers to all the questions用来解释impression的内容，从句句意完整且不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 33. I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had_________today. A. as tiring a day as B. as a tiring day C. tiring as a day as D. day as tiring as 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】本题考查as＋adj+名词＋as 和…一样…，句意：我今天在给房间做了大扫除之后不是一点点地累。我从没有过像今天一直累的一天。选A。 34. The students were so involved in discussing such complex math problems ________ they couldn’t figure out at all ________ they didn’t notice their English teacher was approaching. A. as; when B. as; that C. that; while D. that; that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：学生们沉浸在讨论这些复杂的数学问题中，他们根本无法解决这样的问题，以至于没有注意到他们的英语老师正在走近。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是math problems，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有such修饰，应用关系代词as引导，构成“such...as”结构；第二空和前面的so构成so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，故选B。 35. Something terrible __________ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant __________ he always did. A. should have happened; what B. could have happened; as C. must happen; as D. could happen; what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词+have done和方式状语从句。句意：如果李昌不像往常那样来他的餐馆吃饭，那可能是发生了什么糟糕的事。根据“was not coming”可知，第一空表示对过去事实的可能性的推测，需用could have done；第二空，as he always did意为“像他往常一样”，as 引导方式状语从句，意为 “如同，像…… 一样”。故选B。 第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A When babies try to make sense of what they have seen, their brain activity seems to tick at a slower rhythm than it does in adults, which may help them learn new concepts. Our brain processes sensory stimuli using networks of neurons (神经元). A neuron can transmit the signal it receives to more neurons, producing synchronized (同步的) waves of electrical activity. Such brainwaves occur at various frequencies. For instance, previous studies show that the adult visual cortex (视觉皮层) displays a wide range of frequencies when people see things, but more neurons seem to synchronize with waves at 10 hertz, or cycles per second. To learn whether the same apples to babies, Moritz Köster at the University of Regensburg and his team recruited 42 babies aged 8 months old, via their parents. The team recorded the babies’ brain activity using electrodes while watching dozens of cartoon monsters flash on a screen for 2 seconds each, over 15 minutes. The researchers made use of the fact that brainwaves tend to beat in time with rapidly flashing images, providing a way to test how many neurons synchronize with various frequencies in visual parts of the babies’ brain. Specifically, they flashed each monster on and off at eight frequencies, ranging from 2 to 30 hertz. By analyzing the recordings, they found that the visual cortex produced waves of synchronized activity in time with the flashing cartoons. But the brainwaves were the strongest at 4 hertz, which suggests more neurons synchronized with this flashing frequency than with others. The researchers also found that 4-hertz brainwaves in the visual cortex seemed to spread to neural circuits in other brain regions involved in concept formation. Repeating the experiment in seven adults, the team confirmed prior findings that their visual brain circuits are most strongly activated by a 10-hertz frequency. Adults have experienced many things, so the visual part of their brains seems to be tuned to tick at a higher frequency, which studies suggest may help them to block out unimportant information, says Köster. Further studies are needed to establish whether exposure to images flashing at 4 hertz could enhance babies’ ability to learn new concepts, says Emily Jones at Birkbeck, University of London. 36. Why did the researchers use flashing cartoons in the study? A. To transmit neural signals. B. To compare visual preferences. C. To maintain babies’ engagement. D. To measure neural synchronization. 37. What can we know about babies according to the study? A. Their brains can exclude irrelevant information. B. Their brains prefer a higher frequency than those of adults. C. Their learning ability may be enhanced by specific frequencies. D. Their brainwave patterns are proved identical to those of adults. 38. What can be the potential application of the study? A. Building frequency-based attention assessment tools. B. Developing rhythm-based learning aids for early education. C. Designing cartoon materials for concept development of kids. D. Improving information screening in complicated environments. 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项探究婴儿与成人大脑处理视觉信息时脑波频率差异的研究，研究发现婴儿脑波的同步活动最强频率为4赫兹，远低于成年人的10赫兹，婴儿的低频脑波可能和概念形成、学习新概念有关，目前仍需进一步研究验证特定频率对婴儿学习能力的影响。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers made use of the fact that brainwaves tend to beat in time with rapidly flashing images, providing a way to test how many neurons synchronize with various frequencies in visual parts of the babies’ brain.(研究人员利用了脑电波往往会与快速闪烁的图像同步律动这一事实，这为检测婴儿大脑视觉区域中有多少神经元与不同频率同步活动提供了一种方法。)”可知，利用“脑电波会与快速闪烁图像同步”这一特性是为测试婴儿大脑视觉区域有多少神经元与不同频率实现同步提供了方法。闪烁卡通在研究中作为“快速闪烁图像”存在的，因此可知，研究者使用闪烁卡通是为了测量神经元的同步情况。故选D项。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“The researchers also found that 4-hertz brainwaves in the visual cortex seemed to spread to neural circuits in other brain regions involved in concept formation.(研究人员还发现，视觉皮层中4赫兹的脑电波似乎会扩散至其他与概念形成相关的脑区的神经回路中。)”可知，这里提出了猜想：婴儿视觉皮层中的4赫兹脑电波似乎会扩散到负责概念形成的脑区。而末尾段内容“Further studies are needed to establish whether exposure to images flashing at 4 hertz could enhance babies’ ability to learn new concepts(仍需进一步研究来证实，接触4赫兹频率闪烁的图像是否能够提升婴儿学习新概念的能力)”提出“4赫兹图像闪烁是否能提升婴儿学习新概念的能力还需进一步研究”，即，具有可能性。由此推知，选项C“Their learning ability may be enhanced by specific frequencies.(他们的学习能力有可能被特定频率增强)”这一结论具有可能性。故选C项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“When babies try to make sense of what they have seen, their brain activity seems to tick at a slower rhythm than it does in adults, which may help them learn new concepts.(当婴儿试图理解他们所看到的事物时，其大脑活动的节奏似乎比成年人要慢一些，而这种节奏变化可能有助于他们学习新的概念。)”可知，婴儿的大脑活动节奏似乎比成年人更慢，这或许能帮助他们学习新概念；同时结合末尾段内容“Further studies are needed to establish whether exposure to images flashing at 4 hertz could enhance babies’ ability to learn new concepts(仍需进一步研究来证实，接触4赫兹频率闪烁的图像是否能够提升婴儿学习新概念的能力)”提出的对特定频率是否提升婴儿学习能力的探究，可推知，该研究的潜在应用是开发基于节奏的早教学习辅助工具。故选B项。 B Sick young ants release a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the colony (群体) from infection, scientists said Tuesday, adding that queens do not seem to commit this act of self-sacrifice. Many animals conceal illness for social reasons. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants get an illness, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, in contrast are still trapped inside a cocoon (茧) , making social distancing impossible. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae (蛹) are seriously ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and insert poison,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to figure out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me’ ” Dawson said. First, the scientists extracted the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a healthy brood (幼蚁群) in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Then, the team conducted an experiment showing that the sick pupae only produce the smell when worker ants are nearby, proving it is a deliberate signal for destruction. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said. However, there is one member of the nest that does not sacrifice itself. When queen pupae are infected inside their cocoons, they do not send out the smelly warning signal, the team found. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection — and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said. Dawson hopes future research will investigate whether queen pupae sacrifice themselves when it becomes clear they will not beat their infection. 39. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Carried out for the benefit of others. B. Driven by self-preservation instincts. C. Controlled by genetic programming. D. Triggered by external chemical signals. 40. Why don’t queen pupae emit the warning signal? A. They rely on specialized protective mechanisms. B. They use a biological trick to avoid any detection. C. They postpone signaling until the infection progresses. D. They possess superior immune defenses against infection. 41. What is the best title for the text? A. Sick young ants send signals asking for treatment. B. Sick young ants invite destruction to save colony. C. Queen ants refuse to signal and avoid sacrifice. D. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. 【答案】39. A 40. D 41. B 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家发现生病的幼蚁会释放一种气味，工蚁闻到后会将其消灭，从而防止蚁群感染，而蚁后蛹则因免疫系统更强不会发出这种信号。 【39题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段最后两句“Then, the team conducted an experiment showing that the sick pupae only produce the smell when worker ants are nearby, proving it is a deliberate signal for destruction. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said. (随后，研究团队进行了一项实验，结果表明，生病的蛹只有在工蚁靠近时才会释放这种气味，这证实了它是一种刻意的毁灭信号。虽然这是一种牺牲——一种真正altruistic行为——但这也有利于它们自身，因为这意味着它们的基因能够存活下来并传给下一代，”道森说道。)”可知，病蛹是主动释放气味让工蚁杀死自己，这种牺牲行为虽然导致个体死亡，但保护了群体，使得它们基因能够延续下来传给下一代。此处“altruistic”与牺牲自身、为了群体利益的行为有关，由此可推知该词意应为“利他的，为他人利益的”。故选A项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection — and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said. (然而，她表示他们发现，“蚁后蛹的免疫系统比工蚁蛹要强大得多，因此能够抵御感染——我们认为，这就是它们不发出信号的原因。”)”可知，蚁后蛹不发出警告信号是因为它们有更强的免疫系统来抵抗感染。故选D项。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段指出生病的幼蚁会释放气味让工蚁消灭它们以保护群体；第二、三段说明蚂蚁群体像“超级有机体”一样运作，病蚁会自我牺牲；第四段通过实验证明病蛹是故意发出信号让工蚁杀死自己；最后一段指出蚁后蛹因免疫系统更强而不发出信号。全文围绕生病的幼蚁主动要求被消灭以拯救蚁群展开。选项B“生病的幼蚁主动招致死亡以拯救蚁群”准确概括了文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选B项。 C Exams never made me break out in a nervous sweat — but this one did. Even booking my piano exam reduced me to a mess of anxiety. I feel permanently scared inside churches, where piano exams are held — no longer admiring their beauty because over the years I have received terrible marks from examiners. Despite being15 — too old, too cool to be frightened — I remember trembling inside the bathroom before my tests. I wished I never had to play in front of others. This time, after booking my Level 8 Royal Conservatory of Music piano exam, I went back to my normal routine. A little practice here, a little practice there. And then it happened. My trusty, 10-year-old electric piano gave out. When I told my father what had happened to my piano, he only glared at me with disappointment, “When I was your age, I learned to be resourceful.” Hmm. I had a broken piano, an exam coming up in a few months and a father who refused to buy me a new piano because he wanted to teach me a “life lesson”. I finally came up with a decision: I’d practice at school. The school had many pianos but only a few in tune. Within a few days of searching, I headed off to a music room at every available opportunity. I loved finding new pianos in hidden corners of the school and spent hours practicing. As my exam drew near, all the music teachers knew to look for me in the piano rooms after school. In anticipation of my assessment, one of my music teachers let me perform for her as a mini practice exam. To my surprise, she was greatly impressed. Music had never been the love of my life but that was changing. When I played, my worries about how others judged me and how I viewed myself merged to reveal who I really am. All my adolescent thoughts made me feel like I was in a cage, but music gave me the key. Within a few months I went from not caring about my playing to feeling actually kind of proud of my work. In my favorite soundproof music room, I discovered that behind the piano, I could become anyone. Talking to other people never came easy to me, but I was able to express myself through music. I became overjoyed. When the time came to play in front of an examiner, all the anxiety I had about going up on stage dimmed, and all I could think about was the marvelous journey I’d had to get here. Trilling the keys reminded me of the bittersweet music experiences of past years and my happiness nowadays. Many days later, I received my mark — a rarely mentioned “well done”. Now whenever I get caught up in the daily struggle, I remember the hard work that it took to reach my goal. Whenever I feel discouraged, I never forget to look at the gleaming keys of my new upright piano. As my father always says, some lessons are just learned the hard way. 42. What made the author so stressful inside churches these years? A. The artistic performance. B. The religious atmosphere. C. The horrible surroundings. D. Her colorful fantasy. 43. What can be inferred according to the underlined sentence in Para 3? A. The author’s family was too poor to afford a new piano. B. The father was quite angry about the author’s bad behavior. C. The author showed great dissatisfaction about her father. D. The father wanted the author to address the problem independently. 44. Which of the following indicates the change of the author’s feelings? A. Nervous — disappointed — angry — calm B. Curious — frustrate — hopeful — grateful C. Frightened — indifferent — passionate — proud D. Depressed — satisfied — disappointed — peaceful 【答案】42. A 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者原本惧怕钢琴考试，在电钢琴损坏后，通过在学校坚持练习，逐渐爱上音乐并收获认可，最终变得自信自豪的成长经历。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I feel permanently scared inside churches, where piano exams are held — no longer admiring their beauty because over the years I have received terrible marks from examiners.(在举行钢琴考试的教堂里，我永远感到害怕——我不再欣赏教堂的美，因为多年来我从考官那里得到了糟糕的分数。)”可知，让作者在教堂中感到压力的是考试本身，即艺术表演。故选A。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I told my father what had happened to my piano, he only glared at me with disappointment, ‘When I was your age, I learned to be resourceful.’(当我告诉父亲钢琴出了什么事时，他只是失望地瞪着我：‘我像你这么大时，学会了足智多谋。’)”以及后文第四段中“I had a broken piano, an exam coming up in a few months and a father who refused to buy me a new piano because he wanted to teach me a ‘life lesson’(我有一架坏了的钢琴，几个月后就要考试了，父亲拒绝给我买一架新钢琴，因为他想给我一个‘人生教训’）”可知，父亲希望作者自己想办法解决问题。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“I remember trembling inside the bathroom before my tests. I wished I never had to play in front of others.(我记得考试前在卫生间里发抖。我希望我永远不必在别人面前演奏。)”可知作者起初是害怕的；根据第三段“This time, after booking my Level 8 Royal Conservatory of Music piano exam, I went back to my normal routine. A little practice here, a little practice there.(这一次，在预定了皇家音乐学院8级钢琴考试后，我又回到了我的日常生活中。这里练习一下，那里练习一下。)”可知作者对钢琴考试变得漠不关心，感觉无所谓 ；根据第七段“Music had never been the love of my life but that was changing.(音乐从未是我毕生所爱，但这一切正在改变)”可知作者开始热爱弹钢琴；根据第八段“I went from not caring about my playing to feeling actually kind of proud of my work.(我从不在意自己的弹奏，变得为自己的表现感到自豪)”可知作者最终感到自豪。因此作者的情感变化是：害怕→无所谓→热爱→自豪。故选C。 D A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A series of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses (气团) and fronts (锋面) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强度) . They are also able to determine whether an air mass is remaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. An air mass is a region of air that has about the same humidity (湿度) and temperature throughout. When an air mass remains over a location for a while, it decides the characteristics of the region. A most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a “30-day outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted (施加) today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站) . Experiments are also in progress for weather modification (改变) studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountain winds which have produced additional orographic precipitation (地形降水) on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the basic principles of weather elements. 45. How is the temperature of a region under a certain air mass? A. Unusual. B. Stable. C. Diverse. D. Changeable. 46. By reading weather maps, what can students majoring in geography do? A. Design a project of weather modification. B. Obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide area. C. Interpret the weather condition before the time of observation. D. Survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations. 47. Why is the observation of weather conditions by satellites helpful? A. Because it can affect the weather. B. Because electronic instruments are used. C Because it can alert people to the weather. D. Because information not otherwise obtained can be gained. 【答案】45. B 46. B 47. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气象图对地理学家的重要作用、气团特点、气象图的信息价值以及现代气象预测技术的发展。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“An air mass is a region of air that has about the same humidity and temperature throughout.(气团是一片整体湿度和温度大致相同的空气区域。)”可知，在某一气团影响下的地区，其温度是稳定一致的。故选B。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area.(气象图包含了在观测时刻，广阔地理区域内天气状况的大量信息。)”可知，地理专业的学生通过阅读气象地图可以获取关于大范围地区大气状况的数据。故选B。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With the use of electronic instruments and satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations.(通过使用电子仪器和卫星，最近在识别和追踪那些仅有少量气象站的区域的风暴方面取得了巨大进展。)”可知，卫星观测有助于获取那些原本无法获得的气象信息。故选D。 E In the first series of the BBC television comedy Flying Circus, broadcast in 1969, a man tells a slightly nervous woman on her doorstep that he would like to come into her house and steal a few things. Suspiciously, she asks him: “Are you an encyclopedia (《百科全书》) salesman?” No, he announces, he is a burglar. Eventually, she lets him in. Once inside, he says: “Mind you, I don’t know whether you’ve really considered owning a really fine set of modern encyclopedias...” The self-proclaimed (自称的) thief was, after all, a successful encyclopedia salesman. Author and journalist Simon Garfield quotes this comedy in his book, All the Knowledge in the World, his “history” of the encyclopedia. Garfield’s passion for encyclopedias began as a child in the 1960s and continues to this day. Although now, like everyone else, he searches for information online too, he asks at the end of the book “Is the information we receive today more or less reliable than the information we received in our childhood?” It is a fascinating question, which his book goes at least some of the way toward answering. Despite varieties of encyclopedias, Garfield’s account is dominated by Britannica, launched in the UK in 1768 and Wikipedia, launched in the United States in 2001. Britannica’s contributors have always been selected for their expertise. During the 20th century, named contributors included Cecil B. DeMille on motion pictures, Albert Einstein on space-time, J. B. Priestley on English literature and George Bernard Shaw on socialism. Most were paid a fee, however modest; Einstein, for example, received $86. 40 for his entry. The contrast with Wikipedia is sharp: Anyone may contribute to it, contributors are anonymous (匿名的), and none receives payment. Authority is therefore the key feature of Britannica, although it certainly contains errors — whereas Wikipedia claims to be full of expertise (专业知识) , leaving itself open to both praise for its unparalleled diversity and criticism for its elementary errors. Even so, “You could still consider,” writes Garfield, “Wikipedia as the most influential and enduring representative of the internet as a force for good.” Yet he also notes that “wiki” is the Hawaiian word for “quick”. Wikipedia tends to be quickly written, quickly consumed, sometimes quickly corrected, and often quickly forgotten. “I hope this book has encouraged you to think twice about throwing out an old set of encyclopedias,” concludes Garfield. As it controversially suggests, despite — or perhaps because of — the continuing growth of the internet, we are sometimes less reliably informed today than the 1960s. After all, anyone can be a contributor nowadays. 48. The author begins the article with a comedy to _________. A. criticize the quality of information found in encyclopedias B. highlight the reliability of encyclopedias as a source of information C. illustrate the declining popularity of encyclopedias in the modern age D. introduce the topic of encyclopedias in a lighthearted and engaging way 49. Why does the author mention a list of experts’ names in paragraph 3? A. To explain where the fees of Britannica went to. B. To give typical examples of its world-famous contributors. C. To highlight the diversity of its contributors’ backgrounds. D. To illustrate the high level of professional knowledge of Britannica. 50. What was the main difference between the contributors of Britannica and Wikipedia, according to the article? A Britannica contributors were paid more than Wikipedia contributors. B. Britannica contributors were paid a descent fee, while Wikipedia contributors were not. C. Britannica contributors were selected for their expertise, while anyone can contribute to Wikipedia. D. Britannica contributors were nameless while Wikipedia contributors were selected for their expertise. 【答案】48. D 49. D 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过引用喜剧引出百科全书话题，对比了《大英百科全书》和维基百科在贡献者、权威性等方面的差异。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The self-proclaimed (自称的) thief was, after all, a successful encyclopedia salesman. (这个自称的小偷毕竟是个成功的百科全书推销员)”以及第二段“Author and journalist Simon Garfield quotes this comedy in his book, All the Knowledge in the World, his “history” of the encyclopedia. (作家兼记者西蒙·加菲尔德在他的著作《世界上所有的知识》——他的“百科全书历史”中引用了这部喜剧)”可推知，作者以一部喜剧开场是为了以轻松有趣的方式引入百科全书这个话题。故选D。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Britannica’s contributors have always been selected for their expertise. During the 20th century, named contributors included Cecil B. DeMille on motion pictures, Albert Einstein on space-time, J. B. Priestley on English literature and George Bernard Shaw on socialism. (《大英百科全书》的撰稿人一直是因其专业知识而被选中的。在20世纪，列出的撰稿人包括塞西尔·B·德米尔(电影方面)、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(时空方面)、J. B. 普里斯特利(英国文学方面)和乔治·伯纳德·肖(社会主义方面))”可推知，作者提到一系列专家名字是为了说明《大英百科全书》的专业知识水平高。故选D。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Britannica’s contributors have always been selected for their expertise. (《大英百科全书》的撰稿人一直是因其专业知识而被选中的)”以及“The contrast with Wikipedia is sharp: Anyone may contribute to it, contributors are anonymous (匿名的) , and none receives payment. (与维基百科形成鲜明对比的是：任何人都可以为其做出贡献，撰稿人是匿名的，而且没有人得到报酬)”可知，《大英百科全书》的贡献者是因其专业知识被选中的，而维基百科任何人都可以贡献内容。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 No More Chicken Wings, Please! Could I eat another bite? I scanned the passenger seat of my car, piled with takeaway chicken wings. Being overfull was a familiar feeling as a food critic, but maybe I’d simply reached the end of the road. Six years earlier, I’d been thrilled to land this job. Driving hundreds of miles weekly, I sometimes ate out 4-5 times a day as I pursued stories, unearthing under-the-radar places, dishes and people. ____51____ “Wait! You get paid to eat? You have my dream job,” they’d say. Outwardly, it was a dream, and complaining seemed ungracious. So, I rarely told anyone that the work was not all peaches and cream. I rushed from plate to plate, deadline to deadline, postponing medical appointments. ____52____ “I’d like to see that number a little lower,” said my doctor as she studied my soaring cholesterol (胆固醇) . “I know, but I can’t control what I eat,” I told her. Some food writers had mastered the art of taking one bite of everything, but I’d finish dishes I loved. I watched my weight tick upward, and workouts had minimal effect. The occasional case of food poisoning was a job hazard, yet long-term overconsumption took the real toll. One day, my doctor squinted at the screen. “Well,” she warned. “it looks like you’re pre-diabetic (前驱糖尿病的) .” ____53____ I processed this news while tucking into fish tacos (墨西哥玉米薄饼卷) down the street. I couldn’t just not eat the tacos, could I? I hung on for another year but started daydreaming about home cooking. ____54____ “My time at the paper has come to an end,” I told my boss from my car. “Are you sure?” “she leaned forward. Yes, I was. ____55____ It took months to retrain my colossal appetite, but I hoped those months would earn me extra years. Nine months on—though missing a regular paycheck-I’ve reversed weight gain, and my blood sugar is fine. The biggest surprise? Stress reduction reversed aging. “You look so different,” friends say. “You just look... relaxed.” A. I felt as if an enormous weight had instantly dropped off my mind. B. OK, so my blood sugar level was now a cause of concern as well. C. It was six orders of wings in a single afternoon that finally did me in. D. The constant deadlines left me with no time for hobbies or personal life. E. On the odd occasion I made it to the doctor, my blood levels told an alarming story. F. No matter when someone asked what I did for a living their eyes lit up at the response. G. People often asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant for their special occasions. 【答案】51. F 52. E 53. B 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者作为美食评论家的经历展开，讲述了这份看似令人羡慕的工作背后，因频繁外出就餐、暴饮暴食导致的健康危机，最终作者选择辞职，回归健康生活方式并收获身体与精神双重改善的故事。 【51题详解】 上文“Six years earlier, I’d been thrilled to land this job. Driving hundreds of miles weekly, I sometimes ate out 4-5 times a day as I pursued stories, unearthing under-the-radar places, dishes and people. (六年前，我兴奋地得到了这份工作。为了挖掘美食故事，我每周驱车数百英里，有时一天要在外就餐四五次，探寻那些不为人知的餐馆、菜品和人物。)”描述了美食评论家工作的日常，下文““Wait! You get paid to eat? You have my dream job,” they’d say. (他们会说：“等等！你吃饭还能拿工资？这可是我梦寐以求的工作啊。”)”是他人对这份工作的评价。F项“无论何时有人问起我从事什么职业，听到回答后他们的目光都会变得明亮起来。”承上启下，“asked what I did for a living”衔接下文他人的评价，“eyes lit up”体现出他人对这份工作的羡慕，逻辑连贯。故选F。 【52题详解】 上文“So, I rarely told anyone that the work was not all peaches and cream. I rushed from plate to plate, deadline to deadline, postponing medical appointments. (所以，我很少告诉别人这份工作并非事事顺心。我从一场饭局赶往下一场饭局，从一个截止日期奔向另一个截止日期，还常常推迟体检预约。) ”讲述了工作的辛劳和对健康的忽视，下文““I’d like to see that number a little lower,” said my doctor as she studied my soaring cholesterol. (“我希望这个数值能再降一点。”医生看着我飙升的胆固醇数值说道。) ”是医生对作者健康状况的评价。E项“偶尔去看医生时，我的各项血液指标都呈现出令人担忧的结果。”承上启下，“made it to the doctor”对应上文的“postponing medical appointments”，“blood levels told an alarming story”衔接下文的“soaring cholesterol”，符合段落逻辑。故选E。 【53题详解】 上文“One day, my doctor squinted at the screen. “Well,” she warned. “it looks like you’re pre-diabetic.” (有一天，医生眯着眼看着检查屏幕，警告我说：“看起来你已经处于糖尿病前期了。”) ”是医生给出的健康预警，下文“I processed this news while tucking into fish tacos down the street. I couldn’t just not eat the tacos, could I? (我一边在街边吃着鱼肉塔可，一边消化这个消息。我总不能连塔可都不吃了吧？) ”体现出作者得知预警后的复杂心情。B项“好吧，这么说来我的血糖水平也成了需要担忧的问题。”承接上文，“blood sugar level was now a cause of concern”对应医生所说的“pre-diabetic”，同时体现出作者对健康问题的认知，贴合语境。故选B。 【54题详解】 上文“I hung on for another year but started daydreaming about home cooking. (我又坚持了一年，但内心已经开始向往家常菜的味道了。) ”体现出作者想要放弃这份工作的想法，下文““My time at the paper has come to an end,” I told my boss from my car. (“我在报社的工作生涯该结束了。”我在车里对老板说道。) ”是作者做出的辞职决定。C项“正是某天下午一口气吃的六份鸡翅，最终让我下定了决心。”承上启下，“six orders of wings in a single afternoon”呼应文章开头的炸鸡翼场景，“finally did me in”体现出这件事成为压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草，促使作者做出辞职决定，逻辑通顺。故选C。 【55题详解】 上文“Yes, I was. (是的，我心意已决。) ”体现出作者辞职的坚定态度，下文“It took months to retrain my colossal appetite, but I hoped those months would earn me extra years. (我花了好几个月的时间才调整好自己暴饮暴食的胃口，但我希望这几个月的付出能为我换来更长久的寿命。) ”描述了辞职后的生活改变。A项“我感觉心里好像一下子卸下了千斤重担。”承接上文，体现出作者辞职后的轻松释然，同时为下文回归健康生活的内容做铺垫，符合文章情感变化的节奏。故选A。 第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was thirty-four the first time I saw the real Santa. He drove a big, charcoal-colored ____56____ through Georgia’s August heat — no reindeer, no beard, just ____57____ grace. My husband had lost his job in July. We were cutting back on expenses, trying to ____58____ the financial storm. Interviews came slowly; in July, ____59____ stung deeply. We were fearing that he wouldn’t find anything before everything ____60____. To lift our spirits, we drove to McDonald’s one heavy afternoon for a quick drive-through run. As we pulled up to the takeout window, the ____61____ said, “The car ahead paid for you.” People do this all the time — and it’s always a lovely gesture. But what happened that year wasn’t just a common pay-it-forward ____62____. It was something more. When we ____63____ to pay for the next car, she ____64____ her head. “That man paid for everyone behind you too.” We watched his truck ____65____, his hand waving cheerfully from the window — a gesture that ____66____ the Santa in the poem “Twas the Night Before Christmas, ____67____ all a good night He couldn’t have known how much we needed that sign — a ____68____ that kindness still existed, that we’d be okay. Soon after, my husband found a job. We now perform ____69____ acts of kindness whenever we see the opportunity, remembering the man who taught us that Santa doesn’t need a sleigh — just a ____70____ heart. 56. A. truck B. sleigh C. tractor D. carriage 57. A. embarrassing B. unstoppable C. dazzling D. unexpected 58. A. witness B. weather C. overwhelm D. experience 59. A. approvals B. applications C. rewards D. rejections 60. A. falling apart B. melting away C. coming out D. picking up 61. A. accountant B. waitress C. driver D. cashier 62. A. deal B. chain C. matter D. event 63. A. refused B. offered C. afforded D. managed 64. A. nodded B. ducked C. shook D. hung 65. A. break down B. break up C. pull away D. pull up 66. A. included B. read C. reflected D. echoed 67. A. making B. wishing C. singing D. sending 68. A. reminder B. phenomenon C. supplement D. guideline 69. A. normal B. deliberate C. random D. magnificent 70. A. courageous B. determined C. willing D. impressive 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. B 59. D 60. A 61. D 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在丈夫失业、生活艰难时，遇到一位慷慨的陌生人，其善举激励了作者一家，传递了善意。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他开着一辆深灰色的大卡车，穿过佐治亚州八月的高温——没有驯鹿，没有胡子，只有出人意料的善意。A. truck卡车；B. sleigh雪橇；C. tractor拖拉机；D. carriage马车。根据后文“We watched his truck”可知，他开的是卡车。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. unstoppable不可阻挡的；C. dazzling耀眼的；D. unexpected出乎意料的。根据后文“My husband had lost his job in July.”以及“ The car ahead paid for you”可知，作者一家正处于经济困境中，这个陌生人的帮助是他们没有预料到的，所以是出人意料的善意。故选D。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们削减开支，试图度过这场金融风暴。A. witness目击；B. weather经受住；C. overwhelm压垮；D. experience经历。根据后文“the financial storm”可知，作者一家正处于经济困境中，努力经受住金融风暴。故选B。 59题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：面试来得很慢；7月份，拒绝的打击很深。A. approvals批准；B. applications申请；C. rewards奖励；D. rejections拒绝。根据上文“Interviews came slowly”和下文“stung deeply. We were fearing that he wouldn’t find anything”可知，作者的丈夫找工作并不顺利，被拒绝的经历让他们很难受。故选D。 【60题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们担心他在一切崩溃之前找不到工作。A. falling apart崩溃；B. melting away融化；C. coming out出版；D. picking up捡起。根据上文“We were fearing that he wouldn’t find anything before everything”可知，作者一家正处于经济困境中，作者的丈夫找工作并不顺利，他们担心情况会越来越糟，一切都崩溃。故选A。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们把车开到外卖窗口时，收银员说：“你前面的那辆车已经替你付过钱了。”A. accountant会计；B. waitress女服务员；C. driver司机；D. cashier收银员。根据上文“As we pulled up to the takeout window”可知，在麦当劳外卖窗口工作的是收银员，所以是收银员在说话。故选D。 【62题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那一年发生的事情不仅仅是一个常见的爱心传递链。A. deal交易；B. chain链条；C. matter事件；D. event事情。根据上文“The car ahead paid for you.”以及后文“When we   to pay for the next car”可知，这里指的是一个人帮另一个人付款，然后另一个人再帮下一个人付款的连锁行为。故选B。 【63题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们提出要为下一辆车付款时，她摇了摇头。A. refused拒绝；B. offered提供，提出；C. afforded买得起；D. managed管理。根据后文“to pay for the next car”可知，这里指作者提出要为下一辆车付款，应用offer。故选B。 【64题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nodded点头；B. ducked躲避；C. shook摇晃；D. hung悬挂。根据后文“That man paid for everyone behind you too.”可知，不需要作者他们为下一辆车付款，所以收银员摇头拒绝了。故选C。 【65题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们看着他的卡车开走，他的手从车窗里欢快地挥舞着——这个动作呼应了诗歌《圣诞前夜》中的圣诞老人，祝大家晚安。A. break down出故障；B. break up分手；C. pull away开走；D. pull up停车。根据后文“his hand waving cheerfully from the window”可知，陌生人的卡车开走了。故选C。 【66题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. included包括；B. read阅读；C. reflected反射；D. echoed呼应。根据后文“the Santa in the poem “Twas the Night Before Christmas””可知，陌生人的动作呼应了诗歌中的圣诞老人。故选D。 【67题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. making制作；B. wishing祝福；C. singing唱歌；D. sending发送。根据后文“all a good night”可知，此处指祝福大家晚安，应用wish。故选B。 【68题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不可能知道我们多么需要那个信号——一个提醒，善良仍然存在，我们会没事的。A. reminder提醒物；B. phenomenon现象；C. supplement补充；D. guideline指导方针。根据后文“that kindness still existed, that we’d be okay”可知，陌生人的善举提醒作者善良仍然存在，他们会没事的。故选A。 【69题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，只要有机会，我们就会做一些随机的善举，想起那个教会我们圣诞老人不需要雪橇——只需要一颗愿意付出的心的男人。A. normal正常的；B. deliberate故意的；C. random随机的；D. magnificent壮丽的。根据后文“acts of kindness whenever we see the opportunity”可知，此处表示随机的善举，符合作者一家抓住机会随时行善的语境。故选C。 【70题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courageous勇敢的；B. determined坚决的；C. willing乐意的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据上文“Santa doesn’t need a sleigh”可知，帮助别人只需要一颗愿意帮助的心。故选C。 第二节(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Khoomei, a traditional art form from Mongolia, is known as a kind of throat singing. It’s ____71____ ancient vocal tradition which allows singers to produce the sounds of multiple notes simultaneously (同时地) in their throats. And it creates a sound ____72____ echoes the natural world-from the howling wind to the rumbling river. Khoomei has been passed down through generations of Mongolians and is closely tied to their ____73____ (spirit) and cultural practices. Its ability to mimic (模仿) the sounds of nature reflects a deep connection to the land, ____74____ (demonstrate) the vastness and beauty of the grasslands. In 2009, khoomei ____75____ (recognize) by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting its significance as a vital part of the world’s cultural heritage. This ____76____ (acknowledge) not only honors its cultural importance but also raises awareness of the ongoing need to preserve the ancient art form. Ever since, the recognition ____77____ (fuel) efforts to ensure it continues to develop in modern society. One of khoomei’s remarkable qualities is its ability to transcend (超越) generations. ____78____ it has traditionally been performed by senior masters, the art form has increasingly captured the interest of younger generations. The appearance of khoomei in popular reality shows and movies has helped raise its profile among a ____79____ (wide) audience. The hit animated movie Ne Zha 2, for example, features the distinctive sound, especially during mythical moments, such as the appearance of the Tianyuan Ding. Sung by Halamuji, a young Mongolian artist, it contributes ____80____ (significant) to the atmosphere. 【答案】71. an 72. that##which 73. spiritual 74. demonstrating 75. was recognized 76. acknowledgement##acknowledgment  77. has fueled##has fuelled 78. While##Though##Although 79. wider 80. significantly 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙古呼麦艺术形式及其文化意义、传承与发展。 【71题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是一种古老的声乐传统，歌手可以在喉咙里同时发出多个音符的声音。tradition为可数名词，此处表泛指“一种古老的声乐传统”，应用不定冠词，且ancient是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 【72题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它发出的声音回荡着自然界的声音——从呼啸的风声到隆隆的河流声。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词sound，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 【73题详解】 考查形容词。句意：呼麦在蒙古人中代代相传，与他们的精神和文化实践紧密相连。修饰后文practices，应用形容词spiritual“精神的”，作定语。故填spiritual。 【74题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它模仿自然声音的能力反映了对土地的深厚联系，展示了草原的广阔和美丽。demonstrate“展示”在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作状语，与逻辑主语Its ability构成主动关系，用现在分词。故填demonstrating。 【75题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：2009年，呼麦被联合国教科文组织认定为人类非物质文化遗产，突显了其作为世界文化遗产重要组成部分的意义。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文In 2009可知，时态用一般过去时，khoomei与recognize“承认”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为khoomei，谓语用单数。故填was recognized。 【76题详解】 考查名词。句意：这一认可不仅肯定了其文化重要性，也提高了人们对持续保护这一古老艺术形式的必要性的认识。作主语，表示“认可”应用名词acknowledgement 或 acknowledgment 。故填acknowledgement 或 acknowledgment 。 【77题详解】 考查时态。句意：从那以后，这种认可推动了确保它在现代社会继续发展的努力。fuel“推动”，根据Ever since可知，用现在完成时，主语为the recognition，助动词用has。故填has fueled或has fuelled。 【78题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：虽然传统上由资深大师表演，但这种艺术形式越来越受到年轻一代的青睐。前后为让步转折关系，用While/Though/Although“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填While/Though/Although。 【79题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：呼麦在热门真人秀和电影中的出现有助于在更广泛的观众中提高它的知名度。修饰名词audience，表示“更广泛的”，应用比较级wider。故填wider。 【80题详解】 考查副词。句意：由年轻的蒙古艺术家哈拉木吉演唱，它对气氛有显著贡献。修饰动词contribute，应用副词significantly“显著地”，作状语。故填significantly。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $立考试现在开始。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话读两遍。I finally found something Better than social media, going swimming instead. nice. I replaced IT with volunteering in the . community. That's great. I finally found something Better than social media, going swimming instead. nice. I replaced IT with volunteering in the community. That's great. Hey mark, our canteens new meal card gives a ten percent bonus. I paid one hundred UN last week and got one hundred ten un on the card. cool. I'm going to add one hundred and fifty UN. today. That extra ten percent really helps. Hey, mark, our conte's new meal card gives a ten percent bonus. I paid one hundred UN last week and got one hundred ten went on the card. cool. I'm going to add one hundred and fifty UN today. That extra ten percent really helps. Harris, that's the capital of france. Give me another one. I love quick quiz. Okay, here's a tough one. Which big bay lies on the south coast of china? That's tRicky. Give me a second. Paris, that's the capital of france. Give me another one. I love quick quiz. Es, okay, here's a tough one. Which big bay lies on the south coast of china? That's tRicky. Give me a second. That handbag looks nice, but it's a bit too expensive. I think i'll come back when it's on sale. Why don't you ask the seller if he can lower the Price? I feel a little awkward. Don't worry. At street markets, you are expected to bargain. It's Normal. That handbag looks nice, but it's a bit too expensive. I think i'll come back when it's on sale. Why don't you ask the seller if he can lower the Price? I feel a little awkward. Don't worry. At street markets, you are expected to bargain. It's Normal. I'm thinking of rereading Harry potter in english. IT might be chAllenging. but fun. Good idea. Reading in another language helps a lot. You can learn many . new words. I'm thinking of rereading Harry potter in english. IT might be chAllenging. but fun. Good idea. Reading in another language helps a lot. You can learn many new words. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第六、七题，现在你有10秒钟的时间来阅读这两个小题。Tom, you've been on your phone for three hours. but mum, it's for my history project. I mostly use IT for my studying. Well, I did see you playing games just now. Let's set a rule. Okay, what kind of rule? You can use your phone for sixty minutes after you finish your homework, and phones must be out of bedrooms after ten ten P. M. I know you can stick to IT. Fair enough. Thanks for trusting me. tom. You've been on your phone for three hours. but mum, it's for my history project. I mostly use IT for my studying. Well, I did see you playing games just now. Let's set a rule. Okay, what kind of rule? You can use your phone for sixty minutes after you finish your homework. And phones must be out of bedrooms. After ten, ten P. M. I know you can stick to IT. fair enough. Thanks for trusting me. 听第七段材料，回答第8至10题。现在你有15秒钟的时间来阅读这三个小题。Kate, you know, tomorrow will be our busiest day of the year at our restaurant. Yeah, i've already got the shift list, but we're short of staff. True, serving everyone will be a chAllenge. Luckily, we'll be able to seat everyone inside and outside. What if customers wait too long for food? I'm worried about IT. Let's plan everything now. First lets list out the details in my office. Then we'll go upstairs to set up everything at the bar and dining areas. Good idea. Remember, the key is communication. We must keep each other informed. Got IT. kate. You know, tomorrow will be our busiest day of the year at our restaurant. Yeah, i've already got the shift list, but we're short of staff. True, serving everyone will be a chAllenge. Luckily, we'll be able to seat everyone inside and outside. What if customers wait too long for food? I'm worried about IT. Let's plan everything now. First lets list out the details in my office. Then we'll go upstairs to set up everything at the bar and dining areas. Good idea. Remember. the key is communication. We must keep each other informed. Got IT. 听第八段材料，回答第11至13题。现在你有15秒钟的时间来阅读这三个小题。Hi Nancy, glad to see you again. How did those tomato seeds you bought here workout? They were perfect. thanks. They made a great addition to my garden, but now I want something bigger for shade. A cHarry tree would be ideal. Do you have enough space? Yes, my garden is pretty big. Do you have some? We should. Do they grow well here? And you know, Cherry trees usually need plenty . of sunlight. That's fine. What kind of soil should I use? Fresh, rich soil. Follow me. I will show you our best soil for fruit trees. great. And how long will that be before I get cheries? Usually three to four years. You just need patients OK. I can't wait. Let's do IT. Hi Nancy. Glad to see you again. How did those tomato seats you bought here workout? They were perfect. thanks. They made a great addition to my garden, but now I want something bigger for shade. A Cherry tree would be ideal. Do you have enough space? Yes, my garden is pretty big. Do you have some? We sure. Do they grow well here. And you know, Cherry trees usually need plenty of sunlight. That's fine. What kind of soil should I use? Fresh, rich soil. Follow me. I will show you our best soil for fruit trees. great. And how long will you be before I get cheries? Usually three to four years. You just need patients. Okay, I can't wait. Let's do IT. 听第九段材料，回答第14至17题。现在你有20秒钟的时间来阅读这四个小题。Amy, thanks for introducing mr. Jones to me. He helped me so much with my paper. You're welcome. David. What's your paper about? It's about how the weather affects people's farming habits during the rainy season in south china, rice farming needs teamwork. so people there are more CoOperation. Exactly, everyone has to work together, or the crops would fail. But weed farming in the north, for example, my hometown, hay LG jang, is different. I see. So northerners are more independent. right? How are things in norway? Well, in cold winters, people have to help each other, but mountains mean villagers have to rely on themselves, too. So norwegians are a mix of both. That's a good example for my paper. Yeah, that's IT. Weather really influences how people farm. Amy, thanks for introducing mr. Jones to me. He helped me so much with my paper. You're welcome, David. What's your paper about? It's about how the weather affects people's farming habits. During the rainy season in south china, rice farming needs teamwork. So people, there are more CoOperation. Exactly, everyone has to work together, or the crops would fail. But weed farming in the north, for example, my hometown, hay LG jang, is different. I see. So northerners are more independent. right? How are things in norway? Well, in cold winters, people have to help each other, but mountains mean villagers have to rely on themselves. too. So norwegians are a mix of both. That's a good example for my paper . yeah that's IT whether really influences how people farm. 听第十段材料，回答第18至20题。现在你有15秒钟的时间来阅读这三个小题。Good evening, and welcome to news spin. I'm Sarah. Tonight, we're discussing lab grown meat, a topic many of you requested. This is in science fiction, is already approved and served in several australian restaurants. The technology could help reduce animal killing, feed more families worldwide, and most importantly, cut carbon emissions. Let me explain how that works. Scientists take a tiny sample of animal cells, feed them nutrient in a controlled environment, and grow them into real muscle tissue in about two weeks. And the result looks and takes like real me. To learn more, we ve invited doctor lisa park from the national institute of agriculture and food science. She's been researching this technology for over eight years. We will discuss three key points, safety, cost and public acceptance. Before we finish, will do a live taste test of lab grown chicken and share our honest reviews. You can also vote online. Stay with us. We'll be right back after a short break. Good evening and welcome to news spin. I'm Sarah tonight we're discussing lab grown meet a topic many of you requested. This isn't science fiction, is already approved and served in several australian restaurants. The technology could help produce animal killing, feed more families worldwide, and most importantly, cut carbon emissions. Let me explain how that works. Scientists take a tiny sample of animal cells, feed them nutrient in a controlled environment and grow them into real muscle tissue in about two weeks. And the result looks and takes like real me. To learn more, we ve invited doctor lisa park from the national institute of agriculture and food science. She's been researching this technology for over eight years. We will discuss three key points, safety, cost and public acceptance. Before we finish, will do a live taste test of lab grown chicken and share our honest reviews. You can also vote online, stay with us. We'll be right back . after a short break. 第二节到此结束，现在你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。听力测试到此结束。 2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科学情调研测评试题 答题时长：90分钟，满分100分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What helps the man quit social media? A. Doing sports. B. Focusing on his work. C. Volunteering in the community. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How much will Mark’s card show right after he adds 150 yuan today? A. 110 yuan. B. 150 yuan. C. 165 yuan. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the two speakers doing? A Playing a quiz. B. Planning a trip. C. Drawing a map. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Bargain with the seller. B. Look for another bag. C. Wait for the next sale. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man think of rereading Harry Potter in English? A. Boring. B. Practical. C. Rewarding. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What does the boy mainly use his phone for? A. Playing a game. B. Doing school research. C. Chatting with friends. 7. What does Tom think of his mom’s rule? A. Reliable. B. Worrying. C. Reasonable. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the main challenge for the speakers now? A. Not having enough workers. B. Lacking proper food supply. C. Losing some regular customers. 9. Where will the speakers probably go first? A. To the bar. B. To the office. C. To the dining area. 10. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Couple. B. Workmates. C. Neighbours. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Why does the woman want cherry trees? A. To make her garden more beautiful. B. To provide shade for her garden. C. To get fresh fruits for her family. 12. What does the man say a cherry tree needs? A. Enough water. B. Lots of soil. C. Plenty of sunlight. 13. What will the woman probably do next? A. Buy some cherry trees and soil. B. Plant the cherry trees. C. Pick up some tomatoes. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is the man’s paper mainly about? A. Effects of the weather on farming habits. B. Different types of crops harvested in China. C. The history of Norwegian agriculture. 15. What does the man think about wheat farming in North China? A. It doesn’t require much teamwork. B. It encourages large-group cooperation. C. It’s strongly influenced by cold winters. 16. Where is the man from? A. The north of Norway. B. The south of China. C. The north of China. 17. Why does the man ask the woman about things in Norway? A. To make his travel plan there. B. To collect information for his paper. C. To learn about weather in Norway. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What type of programme is News Spin? A. A science news programme. B. A cooking show. C. A food documentary. 19. What will Dr. Lisa Park mainly discuss? A. Three key points about the new technology. B. Ways of cooking lab-grown chicken. C. The production process of lab-grown meat. 20. What will the listeners probably do before the end of the programme? A. Purchase lab-grown meat products. B. Vote online about the taste test. C. Search for Australian restaurants online. 第二部分 单项选择(共15小题，每道题1分，满分15分) 21. The groom said his bride-to-be had been _______ to tears on several occasions throughout the day and he had tried to comfort her as best as he could. A. reduced B. subjected C. tracked D. motivated 22. The ladies spent some time _________ on each other’s health and families. A. suffering from B. coming across C. bringing up D. catching up 23. On the wall __________ a noticeboard that says, “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other”. A. hanging B. is hanged C. hangs D. is hung 24. To this day, Michael Jordan is regarded as one of the best basketball players ever to have __________ the game, __________ unmatched skill and exceptional sportsmanship inspire players and fans alike. A. drawn; who B. commanded, whose C. explored, who D. graced; whose 25. ________, we have to get down to ________ the papers right away. A. There was no time left; mark B. There is no time left; being marked C. As there was no time left; marking D. There being no time left; marking 26. The dish _____Sichuan province, China _____hot but tasty. A. originating from; is tasted B. originating from; tastes C. originated from; is tasted D. originated from; tastes 27. Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, ________ a clinic was set up in Kenya. A. with whom B. for whom C. with which D. for which 28. ________ is most significant is the way ______ people worked to make these terraces and grow rice. A. What, in which B. That, that C. Whether, in that D. What, how 29. A new airport may be constructed here, __________ the pace of economic growth will be enhanced. A. in what case B. in that case C. in which case D. in whose case 30. It was playing computer games______ cost the boy plenty of time_____ he ought to have spent doing his homework. A. that; that B. which; that C. which; when D. that; when 31. It was unbelievable ________ he designed went beyond the expectations of everyone in the room. A. that B. that what C. what D. what that 32. Browning sometimes gives us the impression, especially ______ religious difficulties are concerned, ______ he has all the answers to all the questions. A. as; since B. where; that C. as; that D. where; since 33. I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had_________today. A. as tiring a day as B. as a tiring day C. tiring as a day as D. day as tiring as 34. The students were so involved in discussing such complex math problems ________ they couldn’t figure out at all ________ they didn’t notice their English teacher was approaching. A. as; when B. as; that C. that; while D. that; that 35. Something terrible __________ if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant __________ he always did. A. should have happened; what B. could have happened; as C. must happen; as D. could happen; what 第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。 A When babies try to make sense of what they have seen, their brain activity seems to tick at a slower rhythm than it does in adults, which may help them learn new concepts. Our brain processes sensory stimuli using networks of neurons (神经元). A neuron can transmit the signal it receives to more neurons, producing synchronized (同步的) waves of electrical activity. Such brainwaves occur at various frequencies. For instance, previous studies show that the adult visual cortex (视觉皮层) displays a wide range of frequencies when people see things, but more neurons seem to synchronize with waves at 10 hertz, or cycles per second. To learn whether the same apples to babies, Moritz Köster at the University of Regensburg and his team recruited 42 babies aged 8 months old, via their parents. The team recorded the babies’ brain activity using electrodes while watching dozens of cartoon monsters flash on a screen for 2 seconds each, over 15 minutes. The researchers made use of the fact that brainwaves tend to beat in time with rapidly flashing images, providing a way to test how many neurons synchronize with various frequencies in visual parts of the babies’ brain. Specifically, they flashed each monster on and off at eight frequencies, ranging from 2 to 30 hertz. By analyzing the recordings, they found that the visual cortex produced waves of synchronized activity in time with the flashing cartoons. But the brainwaves were the strongest at 4 hertz, which suggests more neurons synchronized with this flashing frequency than with others. The researchers also found that 4-hertz brainwaves in the visual cortex seemed to spread to neural circuits in other brain regions involved in concept formation. Repeating the experiment in seven adults, the team confirmed prior findings that their visual brain circuits are most strongly activated by a 10-hertz frequency. Adults have experienced many things, so the visual part of their brains seems to be tuned to tick at a higher frequency, which studies suggest may help them to block out unimportant information, says Köster. Further studies are needed to establish whether exposure to images flashing at 4 hertz could enhance babies’ ability to learn new concepts, says Emily Jones at Birkbeck, University of London. 36. Why did the researchers use flashing cartoons in the study? A. To transmit neural signals. B. To compare visual preferences. C. To maintain babies’ engagement. D. To measure neural synchronization. 37. What can we know about babies according to the study? A. Their brains can exclude irrelevant information. B. Their brains prefer a higher frequency than those of adults. C. Their learning ability may be enhanced by specific frequencies. D. Their brainwave patterns are proved identical to those of adults. 38 What can be the potential application of the study? A. Building frequency-based attention assessment tools. B. Developing rhythm-based learning aids for early education. C. Designing cartoon materials for concept development of kids. D. Improving information screening in complicated environments. B Sick young ants release a smell to tell worker ants to destroy them to protect the colony (群体) from infection, scientists said Tuesday, adding that queens do not seem to commit this act of self-sacrifice. Many animals conceal illness for social reasons. Ant colonies, however, act as one “super-organism” which works to ensure the survival of all, similar to how infected cells in our bodies send out a “find-me and eat-me” signal, according to an Austria-led team of scientists. When adult worker ants get an illness, they leave the nest to die alone. Young ants, known as pupae, in contrast are still trapped inside a cocoon (茧) , making social distancing impossible. Scientists had already figured out that when these pupae (蛹) are seriously ill, there is a chemical change that produces a particular smell. Adult worker ants then gather around, remove the cocoon, “bite holes in the pupae and insert poison,” Dawson said. For the research, the scientists wanted to figure out whether the pupae “were actively saying: ‘hey, come and kill me’ ” Dawson said. First, the scientists extracted the smell from the sick pupae of a black garden ant. When they applied the smell to a healthy brood (幼蚁群) in the lab, the workers still destroyed them. Then, the team conducted an experiment showing that the sick pupae only produce the smell when worker ants are nearby, proving it is a deliberate signal for destruction. “While it is a sacrifice — a truly altruistic act — it’s also in their own interest, because it means that their genes are going to survive and be passed on to the next generation,” Dawson said. However, there is one member of the nest that does not sacrifice itself. When queen pupae are infected inside their cocoons, they do not send out the smelly warning signal, the team found. “Are they cheating the system?” Dawson said the team asked themselves. However, they found that the “queen pupae have much better immune systems than the worker pupae, and so they were able to fight off the infection — and that’s why we think that they weren’t signalling”, she said. Dawson hopes future research will investigate whether queen pupae sacrifice themselves when it becomes clear they will not beat their infection. 39. What does the word “altruistic” in Paragraph 4 most nearly mean? A. Carried out for the benefit of others. B. Driven by self-preservation instincts. C. Controlled by genetic programming. D. Triggered by external chemical signals. 40. Why don’t queen pupae emit the warning signal? A. They rely on specialized protective mechanisms. B. They use a biological trick to avoid any detection. C. They postpone signaling until the infection progresses. D. They possess superior immune defenses against infection. 41. What is the best title for the text? A. Sick young ants send signals asking for treatment. B. Sick young ants invite destruction to save colony. C. Queen ants refuse to signal and avoid sacrifice. D. Different ant species show various sacrifice behaviors. C Exams never made me break out in a nervous sweat — but this one did. Even booking my piano exam reduced me to a mess of anxiety. I feel permanently scared inside churches, where piano exams are held — no longer admiring their beauty because over the years I have received terrible marks from examiners. Despite being15 — too old, too cool to be frightened — I remember trembling inside the bathroom before my tests. I wished I never had to play in front of others. This time, after booking my Level 8 Royal Conservatory of Music piano exam, I went back to my normal routine. A little practice here, a little practice there. And then it happened. My trusty, 10-year-old electric piano gave out. When I told my father what had happened to my piano, he only glared at me with disappointment, “When I was your age, I learned to be resourceful.” Hmm. I had a broken piano, an exam coming up in a few months and a father who refused to buy me a new piano because he wanted to teach me a “life lesson”. I finally came up with a decision: I’d practice at school. The school had many pianos but only a few in tune. Within a few days of searching, I headed off to a music room at every available opportunity. I loved finding new pianos in hidden corners of the school and spent hours practicing. As my exam drew near, all the music teachers knew to look for me in the piano rooms after school. In anticipation of my assessment, one of my music teachers let me perform for her as a mini practice exam. To my surprise, she was greatly impressed. Music had never been the love of my life but that was changing. When I played, my worries about how others judged me and how I viewed myself merged to reveal who I really am. All my adolescent thoughts made me feel like I was in a cage, but music gave me the key. Within a few months I went from not caring about my playing to feeling actually kind of proud of my work. In my favorite, soundproof music room, I discovered that behind the piano, I could become anyone. Talking to other people never came easy to me, but I was able to express myself through music. I became overjoyed. When the time came to play in front of an examiner, all the anxiety I had about going up on stage dimmed, and all I could think about was the marvelous journey I’d had to get here. Trilling the keys reminded me of the bittersweet music experiences of past years and my happiness nowadays. Many days later, I received my mark — a rarely mentioned “well done”. Now whenever I get caught up in the daily struggle, I remember the hard work that it took to reach my goal. Whenever I feel discouraged, I never forget to look at the gleaming keys of my new upright piano. As my father always says, some lessons are just learned the hard way. 42. What made the author so stressful inside churches these years? A. The artistic performance. B. The religious atmosphere. C. The horrible surroundings. D. Her colorful fantasy. 43. What can be inferred according to the underlined sentence in Para 3? A. The author’s family was too poor to afford a new piano. B. The father was quite angry about the author’s bad behavior. C. The author showed great dissatisfaction about her father. D. The father wanted the author to address the problem independently. 44. Which of the following indicates the change of the author’s feelings? A. Nervous — disappointed — angry — calm B. Curious — frustrate — hopeful — grateful C. Frightened — indifferent — passionate — proud D. Depressed — satisfied — disappointed — peaceful D A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A series of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses (气团) and fronts (锋面) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (强度) . They are also able to determine whether an air mass is remaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. An air mass is a region of air that has about the same humidity (湿度) and temperature throughout. When an air mass remains over a location for a while, it decides the characteristics of the region. A most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a “30-day outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted (施加) today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站) . Experiments are also in progress for weather modification (改变) studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountain winds which have produced additional orographic precipitation (地形降水) on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the basic principles of weather elements. 45. How is the temperature of a region under a certain air mass? A. Unusual. B. Stable. C. Diverse. D. Changeable. 46. By reading weather maps, what can students majoring in geography do? A. Design a project of weather modification. B Obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide area. C. Interpret the weather condition before the time of observation. D. Survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations. 47. Why is the observation of weather conditions by satellites helpful? A. Because it can affect the weather. B. Because electronic instruments are used. C. Because it can alert people to the weather. D. Because information not otherwise obtained can be gained. E In the first series of the BBC television comedy Flying Circus, broadcast in 1969, a man tells a slightly nervous woman on her doorstep that he would like to come into her house and steal a few things. Suspiciously, she asks him: “Are you an encyclopedia (《百科全书》) salesman?” No, he announces, he is a burglar. Eventually, she lets him in. Once inside, he says: “Mind you, I don’t know whether you’ve really considered owning a really fine set of modern encyclopedias...” The self-proclaimed (自称的) thief was, after all, a successful encyclopedia salesman. Author and journalist Simon Garfield quotes this comedy in his book, All the Knowledge in the World, his “history” of the encyclopedia. Garfield’s passion for encyclopedias began as a child in the 1960s and continues to this day. Although now, like everyone else, he searches for information online too, he asks at the end of the book “Is the information we receive today more or less reliable than the information we received in our childhood?” It is a fascinating question, which his book goes at least some of the way toward answering. Despite varieties of encyclopedias, Garfield’s account is dominated by Britannica, launched in the UK in 1768 and Wikipedia, launched in the United States in 2001. Britannica’s contributors have always been selected for their expertise. During the 20th century, named contributors included Cecil B. DeMille on motion pictures, Albert Einstein on space-time, J. B. Priestley on English literature and George Bernard Shaw on socialism. Most were paid a fee, however modest; Einstein, for example, received $86. 40 for his entry. The contrast with Wikipedia is sharp: Anyone may contribute to it, contributors are anonymous (匿名的), and none receives payment. Authority is therefore the key feature of Britannica, although it certainly contains errors — whereas Wikipedia claims to be full of expertise (专业知识) , leaving itself open to both praise for its unparalleled diversity and criticism for its elementary errors. Even so, “You could still consider,” writes Garfield, “Wikipedia as the most influential and enduring representative of the internet as a force for good.” Yet he also notes that “wiki” is the Hawaiian word for “quick”. Wikipedia tends to be quickly written, quickly consumed, sometimes quickly corrected, and often quickly forgotten. “I hope this book has encouraged you to think twice about throwing out an old set of encyclopedias,” concludes Garfield. As it controversially suggests, despite — or perhaps because of — the continuing growth of the internet, we are sometimes less reliably informed today than the 1960s. After all, anyone can be a contributor nowadays. 48. The author begins the article with a comedy to _________. A. criticize the quality of information found in encyclopedias B. highlight the reliability of encyclopedias as a source of information C. illustrate the declining popularity of encyclopedias in the modern age D. introduce the topic of encyclopedias in a lighthearted and engaging way 49. Why does the author mention a list of experts’ names in paragraph 3? A. To explain where the fees of Britannica went to. B. To give typical examples of its world-famous contributors. C. To highlight the diversity of its contributors’ backgrounds. D. To illustrate the high level of professional knowledge of Britannica. 50. What was the main difference between the contributors of Britannica and Wikipedia, according to the article? A. Britannica contributors were paid more than Wikipedia contributors. B. Britannica contributors were paid a descent fee, while Wikipedia contributors were not. C. Britannica contributors were selected for their expertise, while anyone can contribute to Wikipedia. D. Britannica contributors were nameless while Wikipedia contributors were selected for their expertise. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 No More Chicken Wings Please! Could I eat another bite? I scanned the passenger seat of my car, piled with takeaway chicken wings. Being overfull was a familiar feeling as a food critic, but maybe I’d simply reached the end of the road. Six years earlier, I’d been thrilled to land this job. Driving hundreds of miles weekly, I sometimes ate out 4-5 times a day as I pursued stories, unearthing under-the-radar places, dishes and people. ____51____ “Wait! You get paid to eat? You have my dream job,” they’d say. Outwardly, it was a dream, and complaining seemed ungracious. So, I rarely told anyone that the work was not all peaches and cream. I rushed from plate to plate, deadline to deadline, postponing medical appointments. ____52____ “I’d like to see that number a little lower,” said my doctor as she studied my soaring cholesterol (胆固醇) . “I know, but I can’t control what I eat,” I told her. Some food writers had mastered the art of taking one bite of everything, but I’d finish dishes I loved. I watched my weight tick upward, and workouts had minimal effect. The occasional case of food poisoning was a job hazard, yet long-term overconsumption took the real toll. One day, my doctor squinted at the screen. “Well,” she warned. “it looks like you’re pre-diabetic (前驱糖尿病的) .” ____53____ I processed this news while tucking into fish tacos (墨西哥玉米薄饼卷) down the street. I couldn’t just not eat the tacos, could I? I hung on for another year but started daydreaming about home cooking. ____54____ “My time at the paper has come to an end,” I told my boss from my car. “Are you sure?” “she leaned forward. Yes, I was. ____55____ It took months to retrain my colossal appetite, but I hoped those months would earn me extra years. Nine months on—though missing a regular paycheck-I’ve reversed weight gain, and my blood sugar is fine. The biggest surprise? Stress reduction reversed aging. “You look so different,” friends say. “You just look... relaxed.” A. I felt as if an enormous weight had instantly dropped off my mind. B. OK, so my blood sugar level was now a cause of concern as well. C. It was six orders of wings in a single afternoon that finally did me in. D. The constant deadlines left me with no time for hobbies or personal life. E. On the odd occasion I made it to the doctor, my blood levels told an alarming story. F. No matter when someone asked what I did for a living their eyes lit up at the response. G. People often asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant for their special occasions. 第四部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was thirty-four the first time I saw the real Santa. He drove a big, charcoal-colored ____56____ through Georgia’s August heat — no reindeer, no beard, just ____57____ grace. My husband had lost his job in July. We were cutting back on expenses, trying to ____58____ the financial storm. Interviews came slowly; in July, ____59____ stung deeply. We were fearing that he wouldn’t find anything before everything ____60____. To lift our spirits, we drove to McDonald’s one heavy afternoon for a quick drive-through run. As we pulled up to the takeout window, the ____61____ said, “The car ahead paid for you.” People do this all the time — and it’s always a lovely gesture. But what happened that year wasn’t just a common pay-it-forward ____62____. It was something more. When we ____63____ to pay for the next car, she ____64____ her head. “That man paid for everyone behind you too.” We watched his truck ____65____, his hand waving cheerfully from the window — a gesture that ____66____ the Santa in the poem “Twas the Night Before Christmas, ____67____ all a good night He couldn’t have known how much we needed that sign — a ____68____ that kindness still existed, that we’d be okay. Soon after, my husband found a job. We now perform ____69____ acts of kindness whenever we see the opportunity, remembering the man who taught us that Santa doesn’t need a sleigh — just a ____70____ heart. 56. A. truck B. sleigh C. tractor D. carriage 57. A. embarrassing B. unstoppable C. dazzling D. unexpected 58. A. witness B. weather C. overwhelm D. experience 59. A. approvals B. applications C. rewards D. rejections 60. A. falling apart B. melting away C. coming out D. picking up 61. A. accountant B. waitress C. driver D. cashier 62. A. deal B. chain C. matter D. event 63. A. refused B. offered C. afforded D. managed 64. A. nodded B. ducked C. shook D. hung 65. A. break down B. break up C. pull away D. pull up 66. A. included B. read C. reflected D. echoed 67. A. making B. wishing C. singing D. sending 68. A. reminder B. phenomenon C. supplement D. guideline 69. A. normal B. deliberate C. random D. magnificent 70. A. courageous B. determined C. willing D. impressive 第二节(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Khoomei, a traditional art form from Mongolia, is known as a kind of throat singing. It’s ____71____ ancient vocal tradition which allows singers to produce the sounds of multiple notes simultaneously (同时地) in their throats. And it creates a sound ____72____ echoes the natural world-from the howling wind to the rumbling river. Khoomei has been passed down through generations of Mongolians and is closely tied to their ____73____ (spirit) and cultural practices. Its ability to mimic (模仿) the sounds of nature reflects a deep connection to the land, ____74____ (demonstrate) the vastness and beauty of the grasslands. In 2009, khoomei ____75____ (recognize) by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, highlighting its significance as a vital part of the world’s cultural heritage. This ____76____ (acknowledge) not only honors its cultural importance but also raises awareness of the ongoing need to preserve the ancient art form. Ever since, the recognition ____77____ (fuel) efforts to ensure it continues to develop in modern society. One of khoomei’s remarkable qualities is its ability to transcend (超越) generations. ____78____ it has traditionally been performed by senior masters, the art form has increasingly captured the interest of younger generations. The appearance of khoomei in popular reality shows and movies has helped raise its profile among a ____79____ (wide) audience. The hit animated movie Ne Zha 2, for example, features the distinctive sound, especially during mythical moments, such as the appearance of the Tianyuan Ding. Sung by Halamuji, a young Mongolian artist, it contributes ____80____ (significant) to the atmosphere. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $