内容正文:
第十三章 非谓语动词
第四节 非谓语动词作状语
生物
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目 录
ONTENTS
C
[巩固练习]
[知识梳理]
生物
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知 识 梳 理
生物
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一、动词不定式作状语
不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等,还可以用在某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。
I stayed there to see what would happen. 我待在那里,想看看会发生什么。(目的)
I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。(原因)
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆忙赶到火车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。(only to表结果,引导结果状语从句)
动词不定式作结果状语,往往表示出乎意料的、令人不快的结果。
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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【翻译】 西蒙制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞起来。
Simon made a big bamboo box __________the little sick bird till it could fly.
【答案】 to keep
【解析】 made a big bamboo box的目的是keep the little sick bird,因此用不定式表示目的状语。
解析
答案
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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二、分词作状语
分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等(常与主句用逗号隔开),并且分词作状语时,也有形式上的变化。
分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。现在分词与句子的主语是主动关系,过去分词与句子的主语是被动关系。
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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Hearing the news,she burst into tears. 听到这个消息,她流泪了。(she 和hear是主动关系)
Written in a hurry,this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。(this article和write是被动关系)
The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students. 老师走进实验室,后面跟着一些学生。(过去分词,伴随状语)
The manager walked into the room,holding his head high. 经理走进了房间,把头抬得高高的。(现在分词作伴随状语)
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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【翻译】 建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人才。
Tsinghua University,__________in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
【答案】 founded
【解析】 Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系,且动作已经完成,故用过去分词。
解析
答案
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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三、不定式作表语形容词的状语
在句型“主语+be+adj. +to do”中,主动表示被动。此类形容词有: easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,pleasant,comfortable,dangerous,impossible等。
The washing machine is very easy to use. 这种洗衣机很容易使用。(machine与use之间是被动关系,但用不定式的主动形式来表达)
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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巩 固 练 习
生物
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用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. _____________(complete) the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.
2. __________(make) it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.
3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful,__________(say) nothing about the argument.
答案
解析
To complete
不定式作目的状语。
To make
saying
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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4. __________(open) in 1955,Disneyland in California is regarded as the most interesting.
5. They cut off the electricity,____________(prevent) a fire in time.
6. __________(sleep) late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.
7. Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way __________ (use) the sun and the stars.
答案
解析
Opened
preventing
非谓语动词作结果状语。
To sleep
using
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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8. The man is difficult __________(get) along with.
9. He hurried to the booking office only _____________(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.
10. He got up early __________(catch) the first bus.
11. __________(give) a chance,I can surprise the world.
答案
解析
to get
在由easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语里, 用不定式作状语, 并且用主动表示被动意义。
to be told
to catch
Given
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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12. __________(come) into the room,he found his father angry.
13. Seriously __________(injure),she had to be sent to hospital at once.
14. __________(found) in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
答案
解析
Coming
injured
injure与句子主语she之间为被动关系, 因此用injured。
Founded
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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15. __________(lose) in the fog,we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
16. Tom took a taxi to the airport,only __________(find) his plane high up in the sky.
答案
解析
Lost
非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语we, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词。
to find
此处的分句为结果状语, 不定式表示意想不到的结果。
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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17. The three travelers finally reached the home of Bertha’s mother around dusk,______________(cover) 65 miles in less than 12 hours.
18. This machine is very easy _____________(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
答案
解析
having covered
cover与three travelers之间是主动关系,并且发生在句子谓语动作之前,应用现在分词的完成时。
to operate
在句型“主语+be+adj. +to do”中, 用主动表被动。
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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19. Film has a much shorter history,especially when __________(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
20. George returned after the war,only ____________(tell) that his wife had left him.
答案
解析
compared
film与compare之间是被动关系。此处也可理解成状语从句的省略, 全句可看成when film is compared to…。
to be told
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第四节 非谓语动词作状语
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感谢聆听
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