内容正文:
Unit 4 Road safety
专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练
高频易错点03 动词不定式(to do)的用法
高频易错点01 情态动词的用法
高频易错点02 祈使句的用法
高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨
易错精讲
情态动词的用法 高频易错点01
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,并表示谈话人的态度或语气的动词。情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。常见的情态动词有 can, could, may, must, should 等。
1. 肯定句
结构:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他。
She can sing and dance. 她会唱歌跳舞。
I must go home now. 现在我必须回家了。
2. 否定句
结构:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他。
I can't ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。
I couldn't write ten years ago. 十年之前我不会写字。
Look! There's a sign. You mustn't smoke here. 看!有一个标识。你千万不要在这儿吸烟。
3. 一般疑问句
结构:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Can you play football? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 你会踢足球吗? 是的,我会。/ 不,我不会。
4. 特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
How can Liu Tao get to school? 刘涛怎么样才能到达学校?
What could Nancy do six years ago? 六年之前南希能做什么?
易错点提示
对于 must 开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,应用 needn't,而不能用 mustn't。
Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗?
Yes, you must. 是的,你必须打扫。
No, you needn't. 不,你不需要打扫。
小练笔
1.We mustn't play football on the road. (对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ you not _____ on the road?
2.We can go to the museum by metro. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you go to the museum?
3.People could go to work by ship every day. (对画线部分提问)
______ ______ people______ to work every day?
4.He must follow the rules on the road. (对画线部分提问)
______ ______ he do on the road?
5.I must park my car near the shopping centre. (对画线部分提问)
_________ _________ you _________ your car?
点拨
1. 答案:What must you not do on the road?
解析:划线部分 `play football` 是动作,用 What 提问。原句有情态动词 `mustn't`,疑问句将 `must` 提前。用 `do` 代替具体动作 `play football`,保持句子结构完整。
2. 答案:How can you go to the museum?
解析:划线部分 `by metro` 是交通方式,用 How 提问。原句有情态动词 `can`,疑问句将 `can` 提前。人称 `we` 改为 `you`。
3. 答案:How could people go to work every day?
解析:划线部分 `by ship` 是交通方式,用 How 提问。原句有情态动词 `could`,疑问句将 `could` 提前。动词 `go` 保持原形。
4. 答案:What must he do on the road?
解析:划线部分 `follow the rules` 是动作,用 What 提问。原句有情态动词 `must`,疑问句将 `must` 提前。用 `do` 代替具体动作 `follow the rules`。
5. 答案:Where must you park your car?
解析:划线部分 `near the shopping centre` 是地点,用 Where 提问。原句有情态动词 `must`,疑问句将 `must` 提前。人称 `I` 改为 `you`,`my` 改为 `your`。
祈使句的用法高频易错点02
一、祈使句概念
1. 用于表达命令、请求、建议、劝告或禁止等的句子
2. 主语“You”通常被省略,一般以动词原形开头
3. 可在句首或句末加上Please表示礼貌
4. 句末用感叹号或者问号,用降调来读
二、祈使句类型
易错点提示
祈使句的应答方式
肯定回答:OK./Sure./All right.
Please close the window. → OK.
否定回答:Sorry, I can't.(需说明原因)
Let's go swimming today. → Sorry, I have to study.
小练笔
填空题。
1.It means “No _____ (fish)”.
2.The sign on the wall means “No ______!” (smoke)
3.______ (not park) your car here.
4.Please ________ (not litter) in the street.
5.Don't ________ (吸烟). It's bad for your health.
6.There is a sign “______ ______! (小心地滑)”
点拨
1. 答案:fishing,“No + 动名词” 表禁止,“fish”(钓鱼)的动名词是 “fishing”,即 “No fishing”(禁止钓鱼 )。
2. 答案:smoking,“No + 动名词” 表禁止,“smoke”(吸烟 )的动名词是 “smoking”,构成 “No smoking”(禁止吸烟 )。
3. 答案:Don't park,祈使句否定用 “Don't + 动词原形”,表 “不要做某事”,即 “Don't park”(别停车 )。
4. 答案:don't litter,“Please + don't + 动词原形” 是礼貌否定祈使句,表 “请不要做某事”,填 “don't litter”(请别乱扔垃圾 )。
5. 答案:smoke,“Don't + 动词原形” 构成祈使句否定,“吸烟” 英文是 “smoke”,即 “Don't smoke”(别吸烟 )。
6. 答案:Wet floor,“小心地滑” 常用英文标识是 “Wet floor”,为固定表达 。
动词不定式(to do)的用法高频易错点03
动词不定式(to + 动词原形)在句子中的 三种用法
1. 作宾语(跟在动词后面)
结构:主语 + 动词 + to do
表示:想做、要做、喜欢做、学会做……
常见动词:
want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事
like to do 喜欢做某事; hope to do sth. 希望做某事,learn to do sth. 学习做某事
I want to go home. 我想要回家。
He likes to draw. 他喜欢画画。
2. 作状语(表目的:为了……)
结构:… to do …
意思:为了做某事
I get up early to go to school. 我起床早是为了上学。
He runs to keep healthy. 他跑步是为了保持健康。
3. 作主语(放在句首)
结构:To do + 动词 + …
小学常换成:It's … to do …
To learn English is important.
= It's important to learn English.
学习英语是重要的
易错点提示
特殊句型(小学必背)
1. It's time to do sth. 该做某事了
It's time to go to bed. 到了该睡觉的时候了。
2. It's + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do
It's easy to learn English. 学习英语是简单的。
小练笔
单项选择。
( )1. I want ______ a storybook this weekend.
A. to buy B. buy C. buying
( )2. She likes ______ pictures in the park.
A. draws B. to draw C. draw
( )3. We get up early ______ to school on time.
A. to go B. go C. going
( )4. It's important ______ English every day.
A. learns B. learn C. to learn
( )5. He hopes ______ a good grade in the exam.
A. to get B. get C. getting
( )6. They run fast ______ the first place.
A. get B. to get C. gets
点拨
1. 答案:A 解析:want 后面要跟不定式 to do,所以用 to buy。
2. 答案:B 解析:like 后面可以跟 to do 或 doing,这里用 to draw。
3. 答案:A 解析:这里表示“为了按时上学”,用不定式 to go 表目的。
4. 答案:C 解析:固定句型 It's important to do sth.,用 to learn。
5. 答案:A 解析:hope 后面要跟不定式 to do,所以用 to get。
6. 答案:B 解析:这里表示“为了得到第一名”,用不定式 to get 表目的。
综合训练
一、单项选择。
( )1.We ______ walk on the grass in the park.
A. must B. mustn't C. can
( )2.— Must I finish my homework before dinner?
— No, you ______. You can do it after dinner.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
( )3.Look! The light is red. We ______ stop.
A. can B. must C. may
( )4.It's important ______ the traffic rules.
A. follow B. to follow C. following
( )5.I want ______ the zebra crossing when crossing the road.
A. use B. using C. to use
( )6.______ carefully on the road, please.
A. Look B. Looks C. To look
( )7.Don't ______ on the road. It's dangerous.
A. play B. to play C. playing
( )8.He runs ______ catch the bus.
A. to B. for C. at
( )9.— Let's go to the library after school.
— ______. I have to help my mom.
A. OK B. Sure C. Sorry, I can't
( )10.It's time ______ the road.
A. cross B. to cross C. crossing
( )11.We can ______ the road when the light is green.
A. cross B. to cross C. crossing
( )12.______ run quickly on the road. It's not safe.
A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. We must __________ (look) out for cars and bikes.
2. You mustn't __________ (play) on the road.
3. I want __________ (cross) the road with my mother.
4. It's important __________ (follow) the traffic rules.
5. Let's __________ (go) to the bus stop together.
6. Don't __________ (run) on the zebra crossing.
7. He likes __________ (walk) to school every day.
8. They run fast __________ (get) to school on time.
9. It's time __________ (go) home.
10. We can __________ (cross) the road now.
11. You must __________ (not) play football on the road.
12. She hopes __________ (learn) more about road safety.
三、句型转换。
1. We can cross the road now.(改为否定句)
We __________ cross the road now.
2. You must look for a zebra crossing.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ I look for a zebra crossing?
3. I must play football on the road.(改为否定句,句意不变)
I __________ play football on the road.
4. We must look at the traffic lights.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ you do?
5. Cross the road.(改为否定句)
__________ __________ the road.
6. It is important to follow the rules.(改为同义句)
__________ __________ the rules is important.
四、根据短文内容,完成下列各题。
1. 从方框内选择合适的单词补全短文(每词限用一次)。
lights stop carefully safe drive
Now we are at a crossroad(十字路口). We can see the traffic ______. Everyone must watch the lights ______ and follow the traffic rules.
When there is a green light, the cars may go on. When there is a red light, the cars must ______. They must wait until the light changes from red to green. Then, they can go on. Sometimes the cars want to make a right turn or a left turn. They can make a right turn when the light is green or red. But if they want to turn left, the cars must wait until the light is green.
Some people are colour-blind(色盲的), and they cannot see the difference between red and green. These people must not ______, or there will be an accident easily. We must keep our roads ______.
2. 根据短文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
(1) When there is a green light, the cars may go on. ( )
(2) When the light is red, the cars can turn left. ( )
参考答案
一、单项选择(答案+解析)
1. B 解析:公园草地禁止行走,mustn't 表示“禁止,不准”。
2. B 解析:must 开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't(不必)。
3. B 解析:红灯时必须停下,must 表示“必须”,语气最强。
4. B 解析:固定句型 It's + 形容词 + to do sth.(做某事是……的)。
5. C 解析:want 后接动词不定式,即 want to do sth.(想要做某事)。
6. A 解析:祈使句开头用动词原形。
7. A 解析:Don't 后接动词原形,构成否定祈使句。
8. A 解析:to 后接动词原形表目的,“跑的目的是赶上公交车”。
9. C 解析:后句说要帮妈妈,故用 Sorry, I can't 拒绝。
10. B 解析:固定句型 It's time to do sth.(该做某事了)。
11. A 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形。
12. B 解析:否定祈使句以 Don't 开头,后接动词原形。
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空(答案+解析)
1. look 解析:情态动词 must 后接动词原形。
2. play 解析:情态动词否定式 mustn't 后接动词原形。
3. to cross 解析:want to do sth.(想要做某事),固定搭配。
4. to follow 解析:It's + 形容词 + to do sth.,固定句型。
5. go 解析:Let's 后接动词原形。
6. run 解析:Don't 后接动词原形。
7. to walk/walking 解析:like to do/doing sth.(喜欢做某事),两者均可。
8. to get 解析:to 接动词原形表目的,“跑得快是为了准时到校”。
9. to go 解析:It's time to do sth.(该做某事了),固定搭配。
10. cross 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形。
11. not 解析:must not = mustn't(禁止),直接填 not。
12. to learn 解析:hope to do sth.(希望做某事),固定搭配。
三、句型转换(答案+解析)
1. can't 解析:情态动词 can 的否定形式直接加 not,缩写为 can't。
2. Must 解析:含 must 的陈述句变一般疑问句,将 must 提至句首。
3. mustn't 解析:“必须做”的否定(句意不变)为“禁止做”,用 mustn't。
4. What must 解析:划线部分是具体动作,用 What 提问,情态动词 must 提至主语前。
5. Don't cross 解析:肯定祈使句变否定,在句首加 Don't,后接动词原形。
6. To follow 解析:It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 可转换为 To do sth. + is + 形容词,不定式作主语。
四、根据短文内容完成各题(答案+解析)
1. 单词补全短文(答案:lights; carefully; stop; drive; safe)
lights 解析:traffic lights 是固定搭配,意为“交通信号灯”。
carefully 解析:副词修饰动词 watch,careful 的副词形式是 carefully(仔细地)。
stop 解析:红灯时车辆必须停下,must 后接动词原形 stop。
drive 解析:色盲的人不能开车,must not 后接动词原形 drive。
safe 解析:keep + 宾语 + 形容词,safe(安全的)作宾语补足语,“保持道路安全”。
2. 判断正(T)误(F)(答案+解析)
(1) T 解析:短文中明确提到“When there is a green light, the cars may go on.”。
(2) F 解析:短文指出左转需等绿灯,红灯时不能左转,与题干不符。
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