Unit 4 Road safety（易错题专项练习·基础知识）英语译林版三起六年级下册

Unit 4 Road safety 专题01 基础知识·易错题专项训练 1.Stress重音的用法 2.safe/safety/safely的区分 3.cross/crossing/across/through的用法区别 4.look out/look out for的用法区别 5.get on/get off等短语的用法 6.sick和ill的用法 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 高频易错点01 Stress重音（P41） 'Stop! There's a 'red man. We 'mustn't walk now. We must 'wait for the 'green man. 'There he is! 'Now we can walk, But 'don't run! 什么是重音？在朗读英语或用英语交谈时，并不是句子中的每个词都读得声音一样大小、一样清楚。一句话中有的词在朗读时，需要音长相对饱满、语调清晰响亮，这些词就是重读词汇(Stressed words)。相反，在连贯的话语中，有些词读得或说得又轻又快、比较含糊，音长短且没有语调变化，这些词称为弱读词汇(unstressed words)。 哪些词在句子中需要重读？ 实词需要重读 实词有实际意义，能独立承担句子成分，有词形的变化。包括： 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 代词(pron)：主要用来代替名词，共分为9种，总体上代词是实词，如：who, she, you, it，但人称代词一般被看作虚词。 形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange. 数词(num)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, quickly, badly. 易错点提示 虚词弱读：虚词没有实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分，虚词没有词形的变化。 冠词(art.)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 in, on, from, above, behind. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如 and, but, before. 感叹词(interj.)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi. 助动词(Auxiliary verbs)：如 has, have, may, will, do, does, etc. I 'can't 'find my 'wallet. 我找不到我的钱包了。 'What can I 'do for you? 我能为你做些什么呢？ 小练笔 判断下列句子中单词重读的标注是(√)否(×)正确。 ( )1. 'Stop! There's a 'bus coming. ( )2. You 'mustn't walk now. ( )3. 'We must wait for the green 'man. ( )4. You can walk 'now, but 'don't run. ( )5. 'There is 'much food in the fridge. 点拨 1. 答案：√ 解析：Stop（动词）和 bus（名词）都是实词，需要重读，标注正确。 2. 答案：√ 解析：mustn't（情态动词，表禁止，有实际语气意义）是需要重读的词，标注正确。 3. 答案：× 解析：We 是人称代词，属于虚词，一般弱读，不应重读；man（名词）重读正确，但 We 的标注错误，所以整句标注不正确。 4. 答案：√ 解析：now（副词）和 don't（助动词表否定，有实际意义）都是需要重读的词，标注正确。 5. 答案：× 解析：There 是虚词，一般弱读，不应重读；much（形容词）重读正确，但 There 的标注错误，所以整句标注不正确。 高频易错点02 How can you cross them safely?（P36） This is not safe.（P37） Road safety.（P36） safe 安全的，形容词。如： It is safe to wait on the pavement. 在人行道上等待是安全的。 safety 安全，名词。如： road safety 道路安全 food safety 食品安全 safely 安全地，副词。如： We walk to school safely. 我们安全地走到学校。 易错点提示 1. 词性混淆 safe（形容词）：用来修饰名词或作表语，如：stay safe, a safe place。 safety（名词）：用来表示“安全”这个概念，常作主语或宾语，如：road safety, food safety。 safely（副词）：用来修饰动词，说明动作的方式，如：drive safely, walk safely。 2. 常见搭配陷阱 系动词（如 be, stay, keep）后用safe： ✅ stay safe / keep safe ❌ stay safely / keep safety 介词（如 for, to, of）后用safety： ✅ for safety, the safety of... ❌ for safe 实义动词后用safely： ✅ arrive safely, land safely ❌ arrive safe 小练笔 单项选择题。 ( )1. We must follow the rules and stay ______ on the road. A. safely B. safe C. safety ( )2. It is ______ to wait on the pavement. A. safety B. safe C. safely ( )3. Road ______ is very important(重要的). A. safety B. safe C. safely ( ) 4. I can walk ______. A. fast B. quick C. happy ( ) 5. We should pay attention(关注) to food ______. A. safety B. safe C. safely 点拨 1. 答案：B解析：`stay` 是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语。`safe` 是形容词，意为“安全的”；`safely` 是副词，`safety` 是名词，均不符合语法要求。 2. 答案：B解析：这是固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.，意为“做某事是……的”。此处需要形容词 `safe` 作表语。 3. 答案：A解析：`road` 后面需要接名词，构成名词短语road safety（道路安全）。`safety` 是名词，意为“安全”。 4. 答案：A解析：`walk` 是实义动词，需要用副词来修饰。`fast` 可作副词，表示“快地”；`quick` 和 `happy` 是形容词，不能直接修饰动词。 5. 答案：A解析：固定搭配pay attention to + 名词，意为“关注……”。此处需要名词 `safety`，构成food safety（食品安全）。 高频易错点03 You can cross the road now.（P36） You can find a zebra crossing near you.（P37） cross v. 横穿、越过（多指从物体表面穿过） We must cross the road at the zebra crossing. 我们必须在斑马线处过马路。 crossing n. 十字路口；人行横道 zebra crossing 斑马线 road crossing 道路交叉口 at the crossing 在十字路口易错点提示 cross/crossing/across/through的区别 (1)across 介词 (prep.) / 副词 (adv.) 横过、穿过，多指从物体表面横穿，和cross动作方向一致。 walk across the road 步行过马路 go across the street 走过街道 You can walk across the road with your parents. 你可以和父母一起步行过马路。 关键：不能单独作谓语，前面需加实义动词（walk/go/run），表“通过……的方式” (2)through介词 (prep.) 穿过、通过，多指从物体内部/中间穿过。 go through the forest 穿过森林 go through the tunnel 穿过隧道 cross 和 across 的混用（单元高频错题） ❌ 错误：We must across the road.（across 是介词，不能单独作谓语） ✅ 正确：We must cross the road.（用动词 cross 作谓语） ❌ 错误：We must walk cross the road.（cross 是动词，不能跟在另一个动词后） ✅ 正确：We must walk across the road.（walk 是动词，后加介词 across） 小练笔 单项选择 ( )1. We must ______ the road at the zebra crossing. A. across B. cross C. through ( )2. Look! There is a red light at the road ______. A. cross B. across C. crossing ( )3. Don't run ______ the road. It's not safe. A. across B. cross C. crossing ( )4. The little girl can ______ the street by herself safely. A. cross B. across C. through ( )5. The students go ______ the forest to get to the small village. A. across B. cross C. through 点拨 1.答案：B解析：情态动词 `must` 后必须接动词原形。`cross` 是动词，意为“穿过”；`across` 和 `through` 是介词，不能直接跟在 `must` 后作谓语。 2.答案：C解析：`road crossing` 是固定搭配，意为“道路交叉口”，`crossing` 是名词，表示地点。 3.答案：A解析：实义动词 `run` 后需要接介词 `across`，构成 `run across the road`，表示“跑过马路”（从马路表面横穿）。 4.答案：A解析：情态动词 `can` 后必须接动词原形。`cross` 是动词，意为“穿过”；`across` 和 `through` 是介词，不能直接跟在 `can` 后作谓语。 5.答案：C解析：`go through the forest` 表示“穿过森林”，`through` 强调从物体内部穿过，而 `across` 强调从物体表面横穿。 高频易错点04 To keep safe, you can wait on the pavement and look out for cars and bikes. （P37） look out for 小心、留意、提防（多指注意周围可能出现的危险或事物）。 We must look out for cars and bikes on the road. 我们在路上必须注意汽车和自行车。 Look out for the red light when you cross the road. 过马路时要留意红灯。 易错点提示 Look out和 look out for的区分 look out：单独使用时意为“小心！”，是祈使句 Look out! A car is coming.（小心！有车来了。） look out for：后面必须接宾语，强调“留意/提防某个具体对象”。 Look out for the red light when you cross the road. 过马路时要留意红灯。 小练笔 单项选择 ( )1. ______! A bus is coming. A. Look out B. Look out for C. Look at ( )2. We must ______ cars and bikes on the road. A. look out B. look out for C. look after ( )3. ______ the red light when you cross the road. A. Look out B. Look out for C. Look up ( )4. ______! The floor is wet. A. Look out B. Look out for C. Look like ( )5. You should ______ your little sister when you play outside. A. look out B. look out for C. look at 点拨 1. 答案：A解析：这是一个祈使句，用来提醒危险，后面没有宾语，所以用 look out（小心！）。 2. 答案：B解析：句中“cars and bikes”是具体的对象，需要用 look out for（留意/提防）来接宾语。 3. 答案：B解析：句中“the red light”是需要留意的具体对象，所以用 look out for（留意红灯）。 4. 答案：A解析：这是一个祈使句，用来提醒地面湿滑，后面没有宾语，所以用 look out（小心！）。 5. 答案：B解析：句中“your little sister”是需要留意的对象，所以用 look out for（留意/照看）。 高频易错点05 They get on the bus.（P42） get on 上车（大车） get off 下车（大车） 适用场景：bus 公交车, train 火车, metro 地铁, plane 飞机 He gets on the bus at seven. 他在七点钟上了车。 You must get off the metro here. 你必须在这下地铁。 易错点提示 get in/into 上车（出租车，小汽车） get out of 下车（出租车，小汽车） We get into the taxi quickly. 我们快速地上了出租车。 He gets out of the taxi and runs to school. 他下了出租车，跑向学校。 小练笔 用所给短语的正确形式填空 get on get off get into get out of 1. We __________ the bus at the school gate every morning. 2. They __________ the train at Shanghai Station. 3. My brother __________ the car and helps me carry the bag. 4. You must __________ the taxi at the traffic lights. 5. The children __________ the metro at the park station. 6. We __________ the plane and find our seats quickly. 点拨 1. 答案：get on解析：bus 属于大车，用 get on；主语是 we，every morning 表示一般现在时，用原形 get on。 2. 答案：get off解析：train 属于大车，在车站“下车”用 get off；主语是 they，用原形 get off。 3. 答案：gets out of解析：car 属于小汽车，“下车”用 get out of；主语 my brother 是第三人称单数，用 gets out of。 4. 答案：get out of解析：taxi 属于小汽车，“下车”用 get out of；情态动词 must 后用动词原形 get out of。 5. 答案：get off / get on解析：metro 属于大车，在车站既可以是“上车”（get on）也可以是“下车”（get off），两种都合理；主语 the children 是复数，用原形。 6. 答案：get on解析：plane 属于大车，“上飞机”用 get on；主语是 we，用原形 get on。 高频易错点06 You can't go to school because you're sick.（P44） sick adj. 生病的；不舒服的 I am sick today. 我今天生病了。 You're sick, so you can't go to school. 你生病了，所以不能去上学。 易错点提示 sick 和ill的区分 一、相同点 都是形容词，意思都是生病的，不舒服的。放在 be 动词（am/is/are） 后面，都可以用： I am sick. = I am ill. 我生病了 二、不同点 1. sick ✅ 可以作表语：be sick ✅ 可以作定语（放在名词前面）：sick + 名词 the sick people 生病的人们 a sick boy 一个生病的男孩 2. ill ✅ 只能作表语：be ill ❌ 不能作定语：不能说 ill people / ill boy 一句话秒记：sick 全能，ill 只能放be后。 小练笔 用 sick 或 ill 填空。 1. The ______ girl needs help. 2. My grandpa is ______ today. 3. We should help ______ people. 4. Look! That ______ man is sitting on the chair. 5. I feel ______. I want to have a rest. 点拨 1. 答案：sick解析：名词 `girl` 前需要形容词作定语，`ill` 不能作定语，只能用 `sick`。 2. 答案：sick / ill解析：be动词 `is` 后作表语，`sick` 和 `ill` 都可以使用。 3. 答案：sick解析：名词 `people` 前需要形容词作定语，`ill` 不能作定语，只能用 `sick`。 4. 答案：sick解析：名词 `man` 前需要形容词作定语，`ill` 不能作定语，只能用 `sick`。 5. 答案：sick / ill解析：系动词 `feel` 后作表语，`sick` 和 `ill` 都可以使用。 综合训练 一、判断下列句子中单词重读的标注是(T)否(F)正确。 ( )1. 'Stop! There's a 'bus coming. ( )2. You 'mustn't walk now. ( )3. 'We must wait for the green 'man. ( )4. You can walk 'now, but 'don't run. ( )5. 'There is 'much food in the fridge. 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1．______ (get) there on time, we need to take a taxi. 2．To keep ______, we should know how to cross the road ______. (safe) 3．We _____ (must) play with the ball on the road. 4．I can do my homework _____ (easy). 5．—How can you cross the road ________ (safe)? —To keep ________ (safe), I must wait for the green man. 6．Don't forget _____ (look) out for the cars. 7．“No ______” means we can't ______ here. (park) 8．I always wait for the green man before _____ (cross) the road. 9．Don't shout in the library. Please keep ______. (quiet) 10．The old man is asking the policeman how ______ (cross) the road. 三、单项选择题 ( )1．To get ______, you can turn right at the first ______. A．there; crossing B．to there; crossing C．there; cross ( )2．Mike is ________ a zebra crossing on the road. A．look for B．looking C．looking for ( )3．Please _____ cars and bikes on the road, Betty. A．look out for B．look out C．look for ( )4．—How did they ______ your house? —They ______ the car. A．get to; took B．get on; take C．get out; took ( )5．He didn't ______ the traffic lights. He ______ the road quickly. A．find; cross B．found; cross C．find; crossed ( )6．The knife is too sharp. I don't know how to use it ________. A．safety B．safely C．safe ( )7． In the UK, people drive ________ of the road. A．on the left side B．on the middle C．on the right side ( )8．It's not _______ for children to chat with strangers(陌生人) on the Internet. A．safety B．safely C．safe ( )9．—______ I watch TV? —No, you ______. It's late. You ______ go to bed now. A．Can; mustn't; can B．Must; mustn't; can C．Can; can't; must ( )10．－How can I get _______? －You can _______ bus. A．there; by B．to there; by C．there; take the 四、补全对话。(有一项为多余选项) Helen: What's wrong with your arm, Tom? Tom: I had a traffic accident(事故) yesterday. Helen: Why? Tom: Because I was in a hurry. 1 Helen: Oh, that's a busy road. Tom: 2 Helen: 3 Tom: A car hit me and hurt my arm. Helen: Is it serious(严重的)? Tom: 4 Helen: Be more careful next time. 5 Tom: You're right. I'll follow the traffic rules. It's very important. A．Not very. B．I didn't look at the traffic lights and ran across. C．I was late for school. D．Yes. It's also a wide road and the traffic is heavy. E．What happened next? F．Look at the traffic lights before you cross the road. 五、任务型阅读。 This is a street crossing. There are red and green lights at each corner. Drivers must watch the lights carefully. When there is a green light, the cars may go on. When there is a red light, the cars must stop. They must wait until the red light changes into green. Then, they can go on. Sometimes the cars want to make a right turn or a left turn. They can make a right turn when the light is green or red. But they must wait until the green light is shining if they want to turn left. Some people are colour-blind (色盲的), and they cannot see the difference between red and green. These people must not drive, or else (否则) there will be an accident (交通事故). We must keep our streets safe. 1. What must drivers do when they cross the crossing? ________________________________________ 2. When may the cars go on? ________________________________________ 3. Can colour-blind people drive? ________________________________________ 4. How can you cross the street safely? (根据实际情况回答) ________________________________________ 参考答案 一、判断下列句子中单词重读的标注是(T)否(F)正确 1. T：`bus` 是核心名词，重读正确。 2. T：`mustn't` 是情态动词否定式，表禁止，重读正确。 3. F：`we`是人称代词，不需要重读，`man` 是核心名词，重读正确。 4. T：`don't` 是转折否定，应重读；`now` 重读正确。 5. F：There 是虚词，通常不重读，`much` 表数量，重读正确。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. To get there on time, we need to take a taxi. 解析：用不定式表目的。 2. To keep safe, we should know how to cross the road safely. 解析：`keep` 后接形容词 `safe`；修饰动词 `cross` 用副词 `safely`。 3. We mustn't play with the ball on the road. 解析：表禁止，用 `mustn't`。 4. I can do my homework easily. 解析：修饰动词 `do` 用副词 `easily`。 5. — How can you cross the road safely? — To keep safe, I must wait for the green man. 解析：修饰动词 `cross` 用副词 `safely`；`keep` 后接形容词 `safe`。 6. Don't forget to look out for the cars. 解析：`forget to do sth.` 表示“忘记去做某事”。 7. “No parking” means we can' t park here. 解析：`No parking` 是固定标识；情态动词 `can't` 后接动词原形 `park`。 8. I always wait for the green man before crossing the road. 解析：介词 `before` 后接动名词 `crossing`。 9. Don't shout in the library. Please keep quiet. 解析：`keep` 后接形容词 `quiet`。 10. The old man is asking the policeman how to cross the road. 解析：`how to do sth.` 是“疑问词+不定式”结构。 三、单项选择题 1. 答案：A解析：`get there` 表示“到达那里”，`there` 是副词，前面不加 `to`；`at the first crossing` 表示“在第一个十字路口”，`crossing` 是名词“十字路口”。 2. 答案：C解析：`is looking for` 是现在进行时，表示“正在寻找”，`look for` 强调“寻找”的动作。 3. 答案：A解析：`look out for` 表示“留意、提防”，后面可以接宾语 `cars and bikes`；`look out` 单独使用表示“小心”，后面不接宾语。 4. 答案：A解析：`get to your house` 表示“到达你家”；问句用了 `did`，答句用一般过去时 `took`。 5. 答案：C解析：`didn't` 后面接动词原形 `find`；第二空用过去式 `crossed` 表示“过马路”的动作。 6. 答案：B解析：修饰动词 `use` 需要用副词 `safely`，表示“安全地使用”。 7. 答案：A解析：在英国（UK），人们靠左侧行驶，即 `on the left side`。 8. 答案：C解析：`It's not safe for...` 是固定句型，表示“对……来说不安全”，`safe` 是形容词作表语。 9. 答案：C解析：`Can I...?` 用于请求许可；否定回答用 `can't`；`must go to bed` 表示“必须去睡觉”，强调必要性。 10. 答案：C解析：`get there` 表示“到达那里”，`there` 前不加 `to`；`take the bus` 表示“乘公交车”，`by bus` 中间不能加冠词。 四、补全对话（有一项为多余选项） 1. C：I was late for school.（解释自己匆忙的原因） 2. D：Yes. It's also a wide road and the traffic is heavy.（补充说明路况） 3. E：What happened next?（询问接下来发生了什么） 4. A：Not very.（回答伤势不严重） 5. F：Look at the traffic lights before you cross the road.（给出安全建议） 五、任务型阅读 1. They must watch the lights carefully. 2. When there is a green light, the cars may go on. 3. No, they can't. 4. 示例：I can cross the road at the zebra crossing, wait for the green man, and look out for cars and bikes.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 第 1 页 共 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $