Unit 4 Caring about others（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语译林版三起四年级下册（新教材）

Unit 4 Caring about others 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 询问对方是否想要某物的句型 高频易错点01 询问他人感受的句型 高频易错点02 情态动词can的用法 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 询问他人感受的句型 高频易错点01 句式结构：What's the matter?当发现对方状态不太好时，可用此句型询问他人感受 该问句的完整形式是“What's the matter with ...?”。当询问对象就是问候、关心的对象时，常省略with you。同义句是“What's wrong with you?”，两者用法基本相同。 回答时通常用句型“I'm +(表示感受的)形容词.”。 易错点提示 1. 句型结构混淆 易错：误写为 What's matter? 或 What's the matter with he? 漏加 `the` 或多加 `with he` 正确：基础句型是 What's the matter?；完整形式是 What's the matter with + 人称代词宾格/名词?（如 What's the matter with him?） 注意：当直接关心对方时，常省略 `with you`，直接说 What's the matter? 2. 回答句型误用 易错：回答时用 I + 感受动词（如 I happy） 正确：回答用 I'm + 形容词（如 I'm sad/hungry/tired），be 动词 `am` 不能省略 小练笔 单项选择 ( )1．—_______? —I'm tired. A．What's the matter B．How old are you C．What's your name ( )2．—What _______ the matter? —I ______ sad, Miss Li. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; am ( )3．—Are you hungry? —__________ A．Yes, I do. B．No, isn't. C．Yes, I am. ( )4． —__________ the matter with you? —I'm tired. A．What's B．Where's C．Whose ( )5．I'm hungry, and ______ tired. A．your B．you C．you're 点拨 1. 答案：A解析：答句 `I'm tired.`（我累了）是描述感受，对应问句 What's the matter?（怎么了？）；B 问年龄，C 问姓名，均不符合语境。 2. 答案：C解析：`What is the matter?` 是固定句型，be 动词用 `is`；答句主语是 `I`，be 动词搭配 `am`。 3. 答案：C解析：问句以 `Are you...?` 开头，肯定回答为 Yes, I am.，否定回答为 `No, I'm not.`；A 用助动词 `do` 回答，搭配错误；B 主语和be动词不匹配。 4. 答案：A解析：询问“你怎么了？”的固定句型是 What's the matter with you?；B 问地点，C 问所属关系，均不符合语境。 5. 答案：C解析：句意为“我饿了，你也累了”，需要用 you're（you are 的缩写）构成完整句子 `you're tired`；A 是形容词性物主代词，B 是人称代词主格，均不能直接接形容词 `tired`。 情态动词can的用法 高频易错点02 1. 肯定句 结构：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他 She can speak English.（她会说英语。） 2. 否定句 结构：主语 + can + not（缩写为can't） + 动词原形 + 其他 He can't swim.（他不会游泳。） 3. 一般疑问句 结构：Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 答语：肯定回答（Yes, 主语 + can.）；否定回答（No, 主语 + can't.） —Can you play chess?（你会下棋吗？） —Yes, I can.（是的，我会。）/ No, I can't.（不，我不会。） 4. 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词（What/Who/Where等） + can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ What can they do?（他们能做什么？） Where can we go?（我们可以去哪里？） 易错点提示 can 是情态动词，意为“可能，会，能”，没有人称和数的变化，can 后面接“动词原形”。 My brother can play basketball well. 我弟弟篮球打得很好。 小练笔 按要求改写句子 1. I can play basketball. (改为否定句) I ______ ______ basketball. 2. She can sing and dance. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) —______ ______ sing and dance? —Yes, ______ ______. 3. They can draw cartoons. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ they ______? 4. Can you make a cake? (作否定回答) No, ______ ______. 5. He can play the guitar. (改为否定句) He ______ ______ the guitar. 点拨 1.答案：I can't play basketball. 解析：情态动词 `can` 的否定形式是在后面直接加 `not`，缩写为 `can't`，后面仍接动词原形 `play`。 2.答案：—Can she sing and dance? —Yes, she can. 解析：将 `can` 提到句首即可构成一般疑问句；肯定回答保持“主语 + can”的结构。 3.答案：What can they do? 解析：对“做的事情”提问用 `What`，疑问句结构为“疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形”，所以用 `do` 代替画线的动作。 4.答案：No, I can't. 解析：以 `Can you...?` 开头的一般疑问句，否定回答固定为 `No, I can't.`。 5.答案：He can't play the guitar. 解析：情态动词 `can` 的否定形式是 `can't`，后面接动词原形 `play`。 询问对方是否想要某物的句型高频易错点03 句型结构：Would you like + a/an/some + 名词?此句型是以情态动词would开头的一般疑问句，用于委婉询问对方是否想要某物。由于该句型表示礼貌请求或提供，并期待得到积极回应。 其肯定回答为“Yes, please.”，否定回答为“No, thanks/thank you.”。 Would you like a cake? 你想要一个蛋糕吗？ Yes, please. 是的，我想要。 易错点提示 1. 最容易错：some 和 any 分不清 易错：Would you like any…? ❌ 正确：Would you like some…? ✅ 原因：表示建议、请求、想要对方同意的疑问句，用 some，不用 any。 2. 后面接名词 / to do，不能直接加动词原形 易错：Would you like eat a cake? ❌ 正确：Would you like a cake?（加名词） Would you like to eat a cake?（加 to + 动词原形） 3. like 不能换成 want 易错：Would you want…? ❌ 正确：Would you like…? = Do you want…? ✅ 小练笔 选词填空 1. Would you like ________ (some/any) water? 2. Do you have ________ (some/any) bread? 单项选择 ( )3. I have ________ apples, but I don't have ________ bananas. A. some;some B. some;any C. any;any ( )4. —Can I have ________ milk, Mum? —Sure. Here you are. A. some B. any C. / 点拨 1. 答案：some解析：`Would you like...?` 是表示建议、请求的疑问句，希望得到对方肯定回答，这种情况下要用 some，不用 any。 2. 答案：any解析：`Do you have...?` 是普通的一般疑问句，没有请求或建议的语气，疑问句中表示“一些”要用 any。 3. 答案：B解析：前半句 `I have ____ apples` 是肯定句，表示“一些”用 some；后半句 `I don't have ____ bananas` 是否定句，表示“一些”要用 any。 4. 答案：A解析：`Can I have...?` 是表示请求的句子，希望得到妈妈的肯定回应，这种请求类疑问句要用 some，不用 any。 综合训练 一、单项选择。 ( )1．Would you like __________ bread? A．some B．any C．a ( )2．I don't have _____ water in my glass. I'm _____. A．some; thirsty B．a; hungry C．any; thirsty ( )3．—_______? —I'm tired. A．What's the matter B．How old are you C．What's your name ( )4．______ help your mum. She is tired. A．Let B．Let' s C．Can ( )5．—______ you like some water? —Yes, I' d like to. A．Would B．Can C．Do ( )6．—I'm tired. —______ sit down and have a rest. A．Let's B．Can I C．Would you ( )7．—I'm hungry, Mom. —Here ______ some bread for you. A．is B．are C．am ( )8．—Would you like to come to my party? —Yes, ________. A．I do B．I'd like to C．I like ( )9．My friend is ill. I let him __________ a rest. A．have B．has C．having ( )10．—I want _______ now. —No! You should finish (完成) your homework now. A．to play B．play C．playing 二、从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空 here you are be cold have a rest be ill 1. — Are you hungry? — No, but I'm tired. I want __________. 2. We __________. Please close the window. 3. — Mum, can I have some water? — Sure. __________. 4. — Come and play football, David. — Sorry, I __________. I have to see a doctor. 三、【新考法】连词成句，补全对话。 Nancy: Hi, Helen. Welcome to my birthday party. Helen: Happy Birthday, Nancy! 1. ______________ (is, you, for, this). Nancy: Wow! 2. ______________ (cake, a, nice, what)! Thank you. But where's Mike? Helen: He is at home. 3.____________________________ (come, party, he, your, can't, to). Nancy: 4. ____________________________ (matter, him, what's, the, with)? Helen: He is ill. Nancy: I'm sorry to hear that. 5. ____________________________ (I, can, see, to, go, tomorrow, him)? Helen: Sure. Thank you! 四、句型转换。 1．She would like some bread. (对划线部分提问) ________ would she like? 2．I would like a cup of tea. (改为一般疑问句) _______ _______ ________ a cup of tea? 3．I am ill. (对划线部分提问) _______ the _______? 4．She is hungry. (改为一般疑问句) _______ _______ hungry? 5．What's the matter with her? (改为同义句) _______ _______ _______ her? 五、根据首字母提示完成短文。 It is Sunday morning. Lily and her friends go to the park. Look! Lily is running. She is t_____. She wants to drink some w_____. Tom and Jim are playing football. They are t_____. So they have a rest under the tree. May and Kate are skating. They have new skateboards. So they are very h_____. But Jack is s_____. His bike is broken(坏的). 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. 答案：A 解析：`Would you like...?` 是表示建议的疑问句，希望得到肯定回答，用 some；bread 是不可数名词，不能用 `a`。 2. 答案：C 解析：否定句中表示“一些”用 any；没水喝对应“口渴的” thirsty。 3. 答案：A 解析：答句 `I'm tired.` 是描述感受，对应问句 What's the matter?（怎么了？）；B 问年龄，C 问姓名，均不符合语境。 4. 答案：B 解析：`Let's + 动词原形` 表示“让我们……吧”，符合“让我们帮妈妈”的语境；`Let` 后需接宾格，`Can` 是情态动词，不符合句式。 5. 答案：A 解析：答句 `Yes, I'd like to.` 对应问句 Would you like to...?，故选 `Would`。 6. 答案：A 解析：`Let's + 动词原形` 表示建议“让我们……吧”，符合“让我们坐下休息”的语境。 7. 答案：A 解析：bread 是不可数名词，be 动词用 is。 8. 答案：B 解析：`Would you like to...?` 的肯定回答是 Yes, I'd like to.。 9. 答案：A 解析：`let sb. do sth.` 是固定结构，let 后接动词原形 have。 10. 答案：A 解析：`want to do sth.` 是固定搭配，表示“想要做某事”，故选 `to play`。 二、从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空 1. to have a rest 解析：`want to do sth.` 表示“想要做某事”，`have a rest` 意为“休息”。 2. are cold 解析：主语 `We` 是复数，be 动词用 `are`，`be cold` 意为“冷”。 3. Here you are 解析：固定口语表达，意为“给你”。 4. am ill 解析：主语 `I` 搭配 be 动词 `am`，`be ill` 意为“生病”。 三、连词成句，补全对话 1. This is for you. 2. What a nice cake! 3. He can't come to your party. 4. What's the matter with him? 5. Can I go to see him tomorrow? 四、句型转换 1. What would she like? 解析：对事物提问用 `what`。 2. Would you like a cup of tea? 解析：`would` 引导的一般疑问句，将 `would` 提前，`I` 变为 `you`。 3. What's the matter? 解析：对身体状况提问用 `What's the matter?`。 4. Is she hungry? 解析：含 be 动词 `is` 的句子变一般疑问句，将 `is` 提前。 5. What's wrong with her? 解析：`What's the matter with...?` 的同义句是 `What's wrong with...?`。 五、根据首字母提示完成短文 1. tired（累的） 2. water（水） 3. tired（累的） 4. happy（开心的） 5. sad（难过的） 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $