专题13 动词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（浙江专用）

小升初英语专题总复习（浙江专用） 专题13 动词 核心知识思维导图 考点一 动词的分类与基本用法（基础核心考点）  动词是句子的核心，需先掌握不同类型动词的定义、用法区别，为后续时态、变形学习奠定基础，是浙江小升初的基础必考点。 动词分类及核心用法表（小升初必考）： 动词类型 定义 常见例子 关键用法 实义动词 有具体动作/含义，能独立作谓语 及物：eat、buy、teach；不及物：run、sleep、arrive 及物动词后必须接宾语（He eats an apple.）；不及物动词后不接宾语（She runs fast.） 情态动词 表能力/许可/义务/推测，无实际动作 can、may、must、should、would 无三单变化，后接动词原形；否定式直接加not（can’t、mustn’t）；疑问句将情态动词提前 系动词 表“是/变得/看起来”，连接主语与表语 be动词（am/is/are）、感官动词（look、sound、taste）、变化动词（become、turn） 后接形容词/名词作表语（She is happy.；The cake tastes good.），不接副词 助动词 无实际含义，辅助构成时态/否定/疑问 be（is/are/was/were）、do/does/did、have/has/had 不能独立作谓语，需配合实义动词（He is reading.；Do you like English?） 易错提醒： 感官动词（look/sound等）作系动词时，后接形容词（The music sounds beautiful.√），不作系动词时（表具体动作）接副词（He looks at me carefully.√）； 及物动词必须接宾语，否则句子不完整（误：He buys. 正：He buys a book.）； 情态动词无三单变化（误：He cans swim. 正：He can swim.）。 考点再现 判断下列动词的类型（实义动词/情态动词/系动词/助动词）： （1）can _________ （2）eat _________ （3）is _________ （4）look _________（看起来） （5）do _________（辅助疑问） 选出下列句子中动词用法正确的一项（ ） A. She looks happily today. B. He must to go to school early. C. They are reading books. D. I buy yesterday. 改正下列句子中动词的错误： （1）The food tastes well. →___________________________ （2）She can swims fast. →______________________________ （3）He do his homework every day. →___________________________ 过关训练 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（结合动词类型）： （1）She ______（look）tired. She ______（sleep）late last night. （2）We ______（can）sing English songs. We often ______（sing）in class. （3）He ______（be）a student. He ______（study）hard every day. 按要求改写句子： （1）He can play football.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________ （2）She looks beautiful.（对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________ （3）They eat apples every day.（改为一般疑问句） __________________________________________________ 翻译句子（注意动词类型及用法）： （1）这道菜尝起来很美味。 __________________________________________________ （2）他必须按时完成作业。 __________________________________________________ （3）他们正在公园里跑步。 __________________________________________________ 考点二 实义动词的变形（高频考点，占比40%）  实义动词的变形是时态学习的核心，需熟练掌握三单、过去式、过去分词、现在分词的规则/不规则变化，是浙江小升初单选、填空的高频考点。 实义动词四大核心变形规则： 变形类型 变化规则 例词（规则） 例词（不规则，必考） 三单形式（一般现在时） ①一般加-s；②s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es；③辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es play→plays、watch→watches、study→studies have→has、do→does、go→goes 过去式/过去分词（一般过去时/完成时） ①一般加-ed；②e结尾加-d；③重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加-ed；④辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed work→worked、live→lived、stop→stopped、carry→carried 三对：go→went→gone、eat→ate→eaten、see→saw→seen；常用：do→did→done、take→took→taken、run→ran→run、write→wrote→written 现在分词（现在进行时） ①一般加-ing；②e结尾去e加-ing；③重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加-ing；④ie结尾变y加-ing read→reading、write→writing、swim→swimming、lie→lying - 易错提醒： 不规则动词变形需单独记忆，浙江考区侧重考察高频不规则动词（如go、do、eat等）； 三单形式的特殊变形（have→has、do→does）易出错，需重点强化； 现在分词双写规则：重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）且末尾只有一个辅音字母（stop→stopping√，open→opening×，因重音在第一个音节）。 考点再现 写出下列实义动词的三单、过去式、过去分词、现在分词： （1）play：三单__________ 过去式___________ 过去分词___________ 现在分词___________ （2）go：三单___________ 过去式___________ 过去分词___________ 现在分词___________ （3）study：三单___________ 过去式__________ 过去分词___________ 现在分词__________ （4）swim：三单__________ 过去式___________ 过去分词___________ 现在分词__________ 选出下列句子中实义动词变形正确的一项（ ） A. He go to school at 7:30. B. She has a book yesterday. C. They are swimming in the river. D. I writed a letter last night. 改正下列句子中实义动词的变形错误： （1）She do her homework every evening. →______________________________ （2）He stoped to talk with me. →___________________________________ （3）They have seen the film yesterday. →___________________________________ 过关训练 写出下列不规则动词的过去式和过去分词： （1）eat ___________ ___________ （2）see ___________ ___________ （3）take ___________ ___________ （4）do ___________ ___________ （5）run ___________ ___________ （6）write ___________ ___________ 用括号内实义动词的适当形式填空： （1）He ___________（play）football every afternoon. He ___________（play）football yesterday. （2）She __________（go）to Beijing last year. She ___________（not go）to Shanghai yet. （3）Look! They ___________（swim）in the lake. 翻译句子（注意实义动词变形）： （1）他每天读英语，昨天他读了一本故事书。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）她已经完成了作业，现在她正在看电视。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 考点三 情态动词的核心用法（易错考点）  情态动词用法灵活，需掌握高频情态动词（can/may/must/should）的含义、否定式、疑问句及推测用法，是小升初改错、单选的易错点。 高频情态动词用法表（小升初必考）： 情态动词 核心含义 否定式 疑问句 推测用法 （肯定/否定/疑问） can 能力（能）、许可（可以） can’t（不能/不可以） Can you swim?（你会游泳吗？） 肯定：可能（The book can be his.）；否定：不可能（It can’t be true.）；疑问：可能吗（Can it be right?） may 许可（可以）、推测（可能） may not（可能不） May I borrow your pen?（我可以借你的笔吗？） 肯定：可能（He may come tomorrow.）；否定：可能不（He may not come.）；疑问：是否可以（May I go?） must 义务（必须）、推测（一定） mustn’t（禁止） Must I finish it now?（我必须现在完成吗？） 肯定：一定（She must be at home.）；否定：禁止（You mustn’t cross the road.）；疑问：必须吗（Must we go?） should 建议（应该） shouldn’t（不应该） Should I go there?（我应该去那里吗？） 肯定：应该（You should study hard.）；否定：不应该（He shouldn’t be late.） 易错提醒： mustn’t表“禁止”，而非“不必”（“不必”用needn’t或don’t have to，例：Must I go? No, you needn’t.）； may表推测时，可能性比can低（can表“理论上可能”，may表“实际可能”）； 情态动词表推测时，后接be+adj./doing（He may be sleeping.√，误：He may sleep.）。 考点再现 用can/may/must/should填空： （1）You ___________ study hard if you want to pass the exam. （2）___________ I use your phone? I need to call my mother. （3）He ___________ swim very well. He won the swimming match. （4）She ___________ be at home. The light is on. （5）You ___________ not play in the street. It’s dangerous. 选出下列句子中情态动词使用正确的一项（ ） A. He mustn’t finish the work today. He has enough time. B. May I ask you a question? C. She can to sing English songs. D. You should to go to bed early. 改正下列句子中情态动词的错误： （1）Can you to help me? →_________________________ （2）He may not to come. →______________________________ （3）Must I go now? Yes, you mustn’t. →_________________________ 过关训练 用情态动词的适当形式填空（can/may/must/should及其否定式）： （1）It’s raining. You ____________ take an umbrella. （2）He ____________ be ill. He looks fine. （3）____________ you speak French? No, I ____________. （4）You ____________ not smoke here. It’s a No-Smoking area. 按要求改写句子： （1）He can play the piano.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）You should go to see a doctor.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________________________ （3）She must be at school.（对划线部分提问）____________________________________________________________________________ 翻译句子（注意情态动词用法）： （1）你不应该吃太多甜食，对牙齿不好。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）他可能明天来，但我不确定。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （3）我必须现在完成作业吗？不，你不必。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 考点四 核心时态的动词应用（浙江高频）  时态是动词考察的核心，浙江小升初重点考察一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时，需掌握每种时态的动词形式、标志词、语境用法。 四大核心时态动词应用表（小升初必考）： 时态 核心含义 动词形式 常见标志词 例句 一般现在时 经常性/习惯性动作、客观事实 实义动词：原形（主语非三单）/三单形式；系动词：am/is/are every day、usually、often、always、sometimes He plays football every weekend.；The earth goes around the sun. 一般过去时 过去发生的动作/状态，已结束 实义动词：过去式；系动词：was/were yesterday、last week、ago、in 2020 She went to Hangzhou last year.；They were happy yesterday. 现在进行时 此时此刻正在进行的动作 实义动词：am/is/are+现在分词；系动词无进行时 now、look、listen、at the moment Look! They are playing basketball.；He is reading a book now. 一般将来时 将来要发生的动作/状态 ①will+动词原形；②be going to+动词原形 tomorrow、next year、soon、in the future He will go to school tomorrow.；She is going to visit her grandma. 易错提醒： 一般现在时三单形式易遗漏（误：He play football. 正：He plays football.）； 一般过去时与现在完成时混淆（“yesterday”等过去时间标志词只能用一般过去时，误：He has seen the film yesterday. 正：He saw the film yesterday.）； 现在进行时的现在分词易写错（双写规则、去e规则）。 考点再现 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（结合时态）： （1）He _____________（get）up at 7:00 every morning. He _____________（get）up at 7:30 yesterday. （2）Look! They _____________（dance）in the classroom. （3）She _____________（visit）her uncle next weekend. （4）The sun _____________（rise）in the east. 选出下列句子中时态动词使用正确的一项（ ） A. He is go to school now. B. She will visited her friend tomorrow. C. They often play basketball after school. D. I see him yesterday. 改正下列句子中时态动词的错误： （1）We are have a party now. →___________________________________ （2）He will goes to Beijing next month. →___________________________________ （3）She didn’t went to school yesterday. →___________________________________ 过关训练 用括号内动词的适当形式填空： （1）My mother ___________（cook）dinner every evening. She ___________（cook）fish last night. （2）Listen! The birds ___________（sing）in the tree. （3）They ___________（not go）to the park tomorrow. They ___________（go）to the zoo. 按要求改写句子： （1）He plays football every afternoon.（改为一般过去时） ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）She is reading a book now.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________________________ （3）They will have a picnic next Sunday.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________________________ 翻译句子（注意时态动词应用）： （1）他通常每天步行上学，昨天他骑自行车去上学。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）他们正在做作业，他们明天要去杭州旅游。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 一、单项选择（每题3分，共30分） ( )1. She ______ a student. She ______ hard every day. A. is；study B. is；studies C. are；studies D. are；study ( )2. ______ you swim? Yes, I can. A. Must B. Should C. Can D. May ( )3. He ______ to Beijing last year. He ______ there twice. A. went；has been B. goes；has been C. went；went D. goes；went ( )4. Look! The children ______ in the park. A. play B. plays C. are playing D. played ( )5. You ______ not cross the road now. The light is red. A. can B. may C. must D. should ( )6. The cake ______ delicious. I want another piece. A. tastes B. taste C. sounds D. feels ( )7. He ______ his homework yesterday evening. A. do B. does C. did D. is doing ( )8. ______ I borrow your pen? Sure, here you are. A. Must B. May C. Should D. Will ( )9. They ______ a picnic next weekend. A. have B. has C. will have D. had ( )10. She ______ English well. She ______ English now. A. speak；is speaking B. speaks；speaks C. speaks；is speaking D. speak；speak 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共20分） 1. He __________（be）a doctor. He __________（work）in a hospital. 2. She __________（can）sing very well. She often __________（sing）at parties. 3. They __________（go）to the park yesterday. They __________（not go）to the zoo. 4. Look! The girls __________（dance）in the classroom. 5. We __________（have）a test tomorrow. We __________（study）hard now. 6. The food __________（taste）good. I __________（like）it very much. 7. He __________（not finish）his homework yet. He __________（finish）it this evening. 8. My mother __________（buy）a new dress last week. She __________（wear）it today. 9. __________（do）you like swimming? Yes, I __________（swim）every summer. 10. You __________（should）eat too much junk food. It’s bad for health. 三、按要求完成下列各题（每题5分，共30分） 改正下列句子中动词的错误： （1）He can to play the piano. →________________________ （2）She is go to school now. →________________________ （3）They have a good time yesterday. →________________________ （4）The music sounds beautifully. →____________________________ （5）He will goes to Shanghai next month. →____________________________ 翻译句子（注意动词用法及时态）： （1）她是一名老师，她每天教英语。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）他昨天没去上学，因为他生病了。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （3）看！孩子们正在公园里玩游戏。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （4）你应该多吃蔬菜，它们对身体好。 ____________________________________________________________________________ （5）他明天要去北京，他已经买好了火车票。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 按要求改写句子： （1）He plays football every afternoon.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________________________________________________ （2）She went to Beijing last year.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________________________ （3）They are reading books now.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________________________ （4）He can swim fast.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________________________ （5）We will have a picnic next Sunday.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________________________________________________ 用适当的动词形式填空，完成短文： Hello, my name is Tom. I ____________（live）in Hangzhou. I ____________（be）a student. I ____________（go）to school by bike every day. My favorite subject is English. I ____________（study）English hard because I want to ____________（speak）it well. Yesterday, I ____________（have）an English test. I ____________（do）well. Now, I ____________（read）an English storybook. Tomorrow, I __________________（visit）my grandparents. They ____________（live）in a small town near Hangzhou. I ____________（be）very happy. 选择合适的动词填空（can/may/must/should/do/does/be/have）： （1）____________ you like coffee? No, I don’t. （2）He ____________ swim very well. He ____________ in the swimming club. （3）You ____________ not be late for school. （4）____________ I use your phone? Yes, you can. （5）They ____________ a meeting now. They ____________ have a meeting every Monday. 判断下列句子中动词使用是否正确（正确写T，错误写F）： （1）She is a student. She studies hard.（ ） （2）He can swims fast.（ ） （3）They are play football now.（ ） （4）We will go to the park tomorrow.（ ） （5）The cake tastes good.（ ） 四、完形填空（每题4分，共20分） My name is Lily. I ______（1）in a small city. I ______（2）a happy family. My father is a worker. He ______（3）in a factory. He ______（4）to work by bike every day. My mother is a teacher. She ______（5）English in a primary school. She ______（6）very well. I ______（7）a student. I ______（8）to school from Monday to Friday. I ______（9）English very much. I ______（10）hard every day. Now, my father ______（11）TV, my mother ______（12）dinner, and I ______（13）my homework. Tomorrow is Sunday. We ______（14）to the park. I ______（15）forward to it. ( )1. A. live B. lives C. lived D. am living ( )2. A. have B. has C. had D. am having ( )3. A. work B. works C. worked D. is working ( )4. A. go B. goes C. went D. is going ( )5. A. teach B. teaches C. taught D. is teaching ( )6. A. teach B. teaches C. speak D. speaks ( )7. A. am B. is C. are D. be ( )8. A. go B. goes C. went D. am going ( )9. A. like B. likes C. liked D. am liking ( )10. A. study B. studies C. studied D. am studying ( )11. A. watch B. watches C. watched D. is watching ( )12. A. cook B. cooks C. cooked D. is cooking ( )13. A. do B. does C. did D. am doing ( )14. A. go B. goes C. will go D. went ( )15. A. look B. looks C. looked D. am looking 答案与解析 考点一： 考点再现：1.（1）情态动词（2）实义动词（3）系动词/助动词（4）系动词（5）助动词；2. C；3.（1）well→good（2）swims→swim（3）do→does 过关训练：1.（1）looks、slept（2）can、sing（3）is、studies；2.（1）He can’t play football.（2）How does she look?（3）Do they eat apples every day?；3.（1）This dish tastes very delicious.（2）He must finish his homework on time.（3）They are running in the park. 考点二： 考点再现：1.（1）plays、played、played、playing（2）goes、went、gone、going（3）studies、studied、studied、studying（4）swims、swam、swum、swimming；2. C；3.（1）do→does（2）stoped→stopped（3）have seen→saw 过关训练：1.（1）ate、eaten（2）saw、seen（3）took、taken（4）did、done（5）ran、run（6）wrote、written；2.（1）plays、played（2）went、hasn’t gone（3）are swimming；3.（1）He reads English every day. He read a storybook yesterday.（2）She has finished her homework. Now she is watching TV. 考点三： 考点再现：1.（1）should（2）May（3）can（4）must（5）must；2. B；3.（1）去掉to（2）去掉to（3）mustn’t→needn’t 过关训练：1.（1）should（2）can’t（3）Can、can’t（4）must；2.（1）Can he play the piano? No, he can’t.（2）You shouldn’t go to see a doctor.（3）Where must she be?；3.（1）You shouldn’t eat too much sweet food. It’s bad for your teeth.（2）He may come tomorrow, but I’m not sure.（3）Must I finish my homework now? No, you needn’t. 考点四： 考点再现：1.（1）gets、got（2）are dancing（3）will visit/is going to visit（4）rises；2. C；3.（1）have→having（2）goes→go（3）went→go 过关训练：1.（1）cooks、cooked（2）are singing（3）won’t go/is not going to go、will go/are going to go；2.（1）He played football every afternoon.（2）What is she doing now?（3）They won’t have a picnic next Sunday.；3.（1）He usually goes to school on foot every day. He went to school by bike yesterday.（2）They are doing their homework. They will travel to Hangzhou tomorrow. 一、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 解析： 主语she，系动词用is，实义动词三单用studies；2. 答语用can，问句对应Can；3. last year用一般过去时went，twice用现在完成时has been；4. look提示现在进行时are playing；5. 红灯禁止过马路，用mustn’t；6. 蛋糕尝起来美味，系动词tastes接形容词；7. yesterday evening用一般过去时did；8. 请求许可用May；9. next weekend用一般将来时will have；10. 一般现在时三单speaks，now提示现在进行时is speaking。 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空 is、works 2. can、sings 3. went、didn’t go 4. are dancing 5. will have/is going to have、are studying 6. tastes、like 7. hasn’t finished、will finish 8. bought、is wearing 9. Do、swim 10. shouldn’t 三、按要求完成各题 1.（1）去掉to（2）go→going（3）have→had（4）beautifully→beautiful（5）goes→go 2.（1）She is a teacher. She teaches English every day.（2）He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.（3）Look! The children are playing games in the park.（4）You should eat more vegetables. They are good for your health.（5）He will go to Beijing tomorrow. He has bought the train ticket. 3.（1）Does he play football every afternoon?（2）When did she go to Beijing?（3）They are not reading books now.（4）He can’t swim fast.（5）Will you have a picnic next Sunday? live、am、go、study、speak、had、did、am reading、will visit、live、am 5.（1）Do（2）can、is（3）must（4）May（5）are having、do 6.（1）T（2）F（3）F（4）T（5）T 四、完形填空 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.D 解析： 一般现在时live；2. 一般现在时have；3. 三单works；4. 三单goes；5. 三单teaches；6. 说英语用speaks；7. 系动词am；8. 一般现在时go；9. 一般现在时like；10. 一般现在时study；11. now提示现在进行时is watching；12. 现在进行时is cooking；13. 现在进行时am doing；14. tomorrow用一般将来时will go；15. 现在进行时am looking forward to。 浙江考情小贴士 浙江小升初动词考察侧重基础变形和时态应用，实义动词三单/过去式、情态动词辨析、四大核心时态是必考内容，占分比高； 本地常考语境：结合校园生活、日常出行、浙江本地场景（如Hangzhou、公园、学校）设计题目，答题时注意时态标志词（every day、yesterday、now、tomorrow）； 易错点集中在“情态动词后接原形”“系动词后接形容词”“一般过去时与现在完成时混淆”，需通过专项练习强化； 动词在完形填空中高频出现，需结合时态标志词和上下文逻辑判断动词形式，避免孤立看单个句子。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $