专题 16 构词法（广东专用）-【简语法-中考核心语法精练】2026年广东地区中考备考 一轮复习专用（人教版）

中考核心语法精练 专题 16 构词法-中考核心语法（广东专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、合成法核心用法总表 本表清晰呈现合成词 5 大类，覆盖结构、例子与中考高频词。 合成类型 构成方式 典型例子 易错提醒 复合名词 名词 + 名词 / 动词 + 名词 bedroom, playground, newspaper 作主语时按普通名词处理。 例：The playground is big. 复合形容词 形 + ed / 副 + ed / 名 + ed kind-hearted, man-made, well-known 作定语修饰名词。 例：a hard-working student 复合动词 副词 + 动词 overcome, oversleep, underline 时态变化同普通动词。 例：He overslept yesterday. 复合副词 副词 + 名词 upstairs, downstairs, indoors 作状语或表语。 例：He is upstairs. 复合代词 不定代词 + thing/one/body anything, anybody, nothing 形容词后置。 例：something important 使用注意事项 1. 复合形容词作定语时有连字符，名词不变复数。 例：an 8-year-old boy 2. 复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词必须后置。 例：I have something important to tell you. 3. 合成词整体视为一个单词，重音通常在第一部分。 例：bedroom 二、派生法・前缀总表 本表聚焦中考最常考前缀，否定前缀为核心考点。 前缀类型 前缀 含义 典型例子 易错提醒 否定前缀 un- 不、非 unhappy, unlucky, unusual 最常用，可加在形 / 副 / 动词前。 例：It is unhappy news. im- 不 impossible, impolite 用于以 p, b, m 开头的词。 例：impossible（不说 inpossible） in- 不 incorrect, inactive 用于以 l, r 以外的字母开头。 例：incorrect dis- 相反、不 disappear, disagree, dislike 加在动词 / 形容词前。 例：He disagreed with me. mis- 错误、坏 misunderstand, misfortune 表示 “做反 / 做错”。 例：Don’t misunderstand me. 其他前缀 re- 重新、再 rewrite, review, rebuild 中考最高频非否定前缀。 例：Please rewrite the sentence. inter- 之间 international, internet 表示 “相互、在… 之间”。 例：an international school 使用注意事项 1. 否定前缀不改变词性，只改变意思。 例：happy（形）→ unhappy（形） 2. im- 只用于 p/b/m 开头的词；il- 用于 l 开头；ir- 用于 r 开头。 例：illegal, irregular 3. re- 表示 “再次”，是写作加分前缀。 例：He rebuilt his house. 三、派生法・后缀总表 本表覆盖名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词4 类后缀，中考必考。 后缀类型 后缀 功能 典型例子 易错提醒 名词后缀 -er/-or 表人 teacher, actor, inventor -er 最常用；-er 表人 / 物。 例：a singer -ment 表动作 / 结果 development, agreement 动词变名词高频后缀。 例：the development of China -ion/-ation 表动作 / 状态 invention, invitation 动词以 te 结尾常变 tion。 例：invite → invitation -ness 表性质 / 状态 happiness, illness 形容词直接变名词。 例：happiness is important 形容词后缀 -ful 充满… 的 useful, careful, helpful 表示 “肯定”。 例：Be careful -less 无… 的 careless, hopeless 表示 “否定”，相当于不加 not。 例：He is careless -ed 感到… 的 interested, surprised 修饰人。 例：I am interested -ing 令人… 的 interesting, surprising 修饰物。 例：The book is interesting 副词后缀 -ly … 地 quickly, happily 形容词 + ly 变副词，修饰动词。 例：run quickly 动词后缀 -en 使… widen, deepen 形容词变动词。 例：deepen the river 使用注意事项 1. -ful 与 -less 是一对反义词。 例：careful → careless 2. -ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物，绝对不可混用。 例：I am surprised at the surprising news. 3. 形容词 + -ly → 副词；名词 + -ly → 形容词。 例：friendly（形），quickly（副） 四、转化法 & 截短缩略法总表 本表整理词性转换与缩写，阅读写作都常用。 类型 转化规则 典型例子 易错提醒 转化法 名词→动词 water（水→浇水）, book（书→预订） 拼写不变，词性 / 意思变。 例：I water the flowers. 动词→名词 walk（走→散步）, look（看→看一看） 常与 a 连用。 例：have a walk 形容词→动词 clean（干净的→打扫）, dry（干的→弄干） 可直接作谓语。 例：Clean the room. 截短法 去尾 examination→exam, telephone→phone 口语常用，书面谨慎使用。 例：I have an exam today. 缩略法 首字母缩写 PRC, UN, WHO, WTO, WWF 组织机构缩写，大写。 例：China is in UN 使用注意事项 1. 转化法拼写完全不变，只改变词性与用法。 例：stop（v. 停止）→ bus stop（n. 车站） 2. 缩写词在正式考试中尽量写全形，完形 / 阅读可识别。 例：exam = examination 3. PRC（中华人民共和国）、UN（联合国）、WHO（世卫） 是中考常考缩写。 五、构词法解题技巧总表 本表总结4 步万能解题法，词形转换题满分必背。 技巧名称 操作方法 适用场景 判词性 看空格成分：主语 / 宾语用名词；定语用形容词；状语用副词；谓语用动词 词形转换、语法填空 定词缀 肯定→-ful；否定→un-/im-/less；副词→-ly；人→-er/-or 单词拼写、词性转换 看语境 上下文表否定用否定前缀；表重复用 re-；表人用 - er 完形填空、短文填空 记特例 形容词变副词去 e 加 y：true→truly；辅音 + y 变 i 加 ly：heavy→heavily 易错题、拼写题 使用注意事项 1. 先判断缺什么词性，再选词缀。 例：动词前用副词：run quickly 2. 语境表 “否定” 时，优先用前缀，不用 not。 例：It is impossible for me. 3. 动词变名词：teach→teacher；develop→development。 一、单词拼写 1. （2026九年级·河南·专题练习）I couldn’t sleep because the bed was so _________ (comfortable). 【答案】uncomfortable 【详解】句意：我睡不着，因为床太不舒服了。comfortable“舒服的”，根据“I couldn’t sleep”可知睡不着的原因是床不舒服，应用comfortable的反义词uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”。故填uncomfortable。 2. （25-26九年级上·河南周口·期末）He is a good ________ (play). 【答案】player 【详解】句意：他是个优秀的运动员。good是形容词，需要修饰名词；句子主语He指代人，提示词play是动词，意为“玩耍、参赛”，要变成表示“运动员、选手”的对应名词player。 3. （25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）The children didn’t pass the exam because of their ________ (care). 【答案】carelessness 【详解】句意：孩子们没通过考试是因为他们的粗心。根据“didn’t pass the exam”可知，此处表示“孩子们因为粗心未通过考试”，“their”后跟名词carelessness“粗心”，故填carelessness。 4. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中）He is quick-minded and speaks strongly like a ________ (lead). That makes him special. 【答案】leader 【详解】句意：他思维敏捷，说话有力，像个领导者。这让他很特别。根据“He is quick-minded and speaks strongly like a…”可知，此处需填表示“身份”的单数名词，lead对应的名词leader“领导者”符合语境。故填leader。 5. （25-26九年级上·重庆·月考）She couldn’t hide her ________ (sad) when she heard the bad news about her pet dog. 【答案】sadness 【详解】句意：当她听到关于她的宠物狗的坏消息时，她无法隐藏她的悲伤。根据“...hide her...”可知，此处应填入一个表示“悲伤”的名词，作动词“hide”的宾语，sad为形容词，其名词形式为sadness，意为“悲伤”。故填sadness。 6. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）Nobody knows the famous _________ (music) well because he seldom shares his things with others. 【答案】musician 【详解】句意：没有人很了解这位著名的音乐家，因为他很少和别人分享他的事情。根据“Nobody knows the famous...well because he seldom shares his things with others.”可知，空格处需要体现“音乐家”这一含义。music意为“音乐”，普通名词，需要将其变为表示职业的名词musician，是句中主语he的职业。故填musician。 7. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）A great ________ (achieve) can be made if we never give up, no matter how small we seem. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：伟大的成就是可以取得的，只要我们永不放弃，无论我们看起来多么渺小。achieve“实现；取得”，动词，根据“A great”可知，此处应接名词单数，因此需将achieve变为名词形式achievement，故填achievement。 8. （25-26九年级下·江苏无锡·月考）Thanks to the ________ (develop) of technology, people live an easier life than before. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：多亏了科技的发展，人们的生活比以前更轻松了。定冠词“the”后需要接名词，括号内的develop是动词，意为“发展”，它的名词形式是在词尾加-ment，构成development，常用the development of…表示“……的发展”。 9. （25-26九年级上·江苏南京·月考）He had a serious traffic accident and died because of the ________(lose) of much blood. 【答案】loss 【详解】句意：他遭遇了一场严重的交通事故，因失血过多而死亡。句中“because of”为介词短语，其后需接名词或动名词作宾语。动词lose的名词形式为loss，意为“丧失，损失”，符合句意“失血”。 10. （2020·广东·模拟预测）The children, sitting on the ________ (wood) boat in the river, shouted with great joy. 【答案】wooden 【详解】句意：孩子们坐在河里的木船上，兴奋的大叫。 wood意为“木头”，不可数名词，其形容词为wooden,意为“木头的”，wooden这里作定语修饰其后的名词boat，故答案是wooden。 11. （2020·广东·模拟预测）Her little brother is interested in ________ (science)studies. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：她小弟弟对科学研究感兴趣。 science作名词，意为“科学”， scientific作形容词，意为“科学的”，此处用形容词修饰后面的名词研究studies,故答案是scientific。 12. （2020·广东·模拟预测）I’m ________ (true) sorry to trouble you so much. 【答案】truly 【详解】句意：真的很抱歉这么麻烦你。 true形容词，意为“真的，符合事实的”，truly意为“真正，确定”，根据后面的形容词sorry,推断出应用副词truly来修饰形容词表达“真的很抱歉这么麻烦你”的句意，故填truly。 13. （2020·广东·模拟预测）I congratulate all of you on the ________ (achieve). 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：我祝贺你们取得的成就。 achieve作动词，意为“实现”其名词形式achievement,意为“成就”，通过前面的定冠词the，推断出该题应填名词achievement，故答案是achievement。 14. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·月考）The seller was found ________ (honest) for misleading customers about the product’s quality. 【答案】dishonest 【详解】句意：卖家因在产品质量上误导顾客而被发现不诚实。honest“诚实的”，形容词。根据“misleading customers about the product’s quality.”可知，这样做是不诚实的，应用dishonest。故填dishonest。 15. （2020·广东·模拟预测）Volunteering is both interesting and ________ (educate). 【答案】educational 【详解】句意：志愿者活动既有趣又有教育意义。 通过and 前面的形容词interesting可以推断出应填education的形容词educational来表达句意：志愿者活动既有趣又有教育意义；故答案填educational。 二、完成句子 1. （24-25九年级下·广东深圳·开学考试）在这座现代化的城市里，人们可以利用各种各样的交通方式去上班。 In this modern city, people can make use of various ________ to go to work. 【答案】transportation 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“交通方式”，“transportation”表示“交通方式”。故填transportation。 2. （2025九年级·广东广州·专题练习）讲座非常生动，全部学生都听得很认真。 It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all the students listened carefully. 【答案】 such a lively lecture that 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“讲座非常生动”，a lively lecture“生动的讲座”，此处使用“such…that...”引导结果状语从句，结构为“such a+形容词+单数名词+that从句”。故填such；a；lively；lecture；that。 3. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期中）按照他的观点，帮助别人是很有意义的。 According to his opinion, ________ ________ ________ ________ help others. 【答案】 it is meaningful to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“帮助别人是很有意义的”。“很有意义的”译为“meaningful”，“帮助别人”译为“help others”。“It is + adj. + to do sth”是固定句型，其中“It”作形式主语。故填it；is；meaningful；to。 4. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期末）必须确保所有志愿者都接受过专业培训。 All volunteers must ________ ________ ________ have received professional training. 【答案】 be sure to 【详解】be sure to do sth“一定做某事”，为固定短语，must接动词原形，故填be；sure；to。 5. （23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）It’s such a wonderful trip that I will always remember it. It’s ________ ________ ________ ________ that I will always remember it. 【答案】 so wonderful a trip 【详解】句意：这是一次美妙的旅行，我将永远记住它。such a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。故填so；wonderful；a；trip。 6. （24-25九年级上·广东湛江·期中）突然，地震就发生了。 ________________, an earthquake happened. 【答案】All of a sudden/Suddenly 【详解】all of a sudden/suddenly“突然”，句首需大写首字母。故填All of a sudden/Suddenly。 7. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·月考）这对他来说太简单了，所以他能轻而易举地完成。 It is ________ easy for him __________ he can finish it ________. 【答案】 so that easily 【详解】此处使用so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句，easy是形容词，前面使用so修饰；第三空使用副词easily“容易地”修饰动词finish。故填so；that；easily。 8. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）他走出了教室，脸上显出忧虑。 He walked out of the classroom ______________. 【答案】with worry on his face 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，缺少“脸上显出忧虑”，worry on his face脸上的忧虑，with“具有，带有”，此处with的复合结构在句中主要用作状语，表示伴随。故填with worry on his face。 9. （2025·广东广州·二模）这真是一次有意义的活动啊！ _______ _______ _______ _______ it is! 【答案】 What a meaningful activity 【详解】根据题干可知，此处是what感叹句，结构为：What+ a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!。meaningful“有意义的”，以辅音音素开头，应用a；activity“活动”。故填What；a；meaningful；activity。 10. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期中）我们的表演获得了一等奖，这是多么令人满意的结果啊！ Our performance won the first prize. What a ________ ________ it was! 【答案】 satisfying result 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“令人满意的结果”，satisfying“令人满意的”，形容词，在句中作定语；result“结果”，由a可知用单数形式。故填satisfying；result。 11. （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）面对失败，他从未灰心。 ________, he never lost heart. 【答案】In the face of failure 【详解】In the face of“面对……”，介词短语；failure“失败”，此处为抽象意义，不可数名词。故填In the face of failure。 12. （23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper. He wasn’t ________ ________ ________ remember to write his name on the paper. 【答案】 careful enough to 【详解】句意：他太粗心了，忘了在纸上写自己的名字。此句可表述为“他不够小心，没有记得把自己的名字写在纸上”，careful“小心的”；enough“足够”，修饰形容词需后置；to不定式符号。故填careful；enough；to。 13. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）Maybe I will try learning German some day. (改为同义句) I will _________ try learning German some day. 【答案】probably 【详解】句意：也许有一天我会试着学德语。同义句可表述为“有一天我可能会试着学德语”，probably“可能”，副词，用于修饰动词try。故填probably。 14. （23-24九年级上·广东广州·期中）Linda如此聪明以至于她轻而易举地获奖。 Linda was ________ clever ________ she won the prize ________ ________. 【答案】 so that so easily 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“如此……以至于”和“轻而易举地”；结合汉语提示并分析英语题干可知，此处考查so+adj… that…“如此……以至于……”，连词，引导结果状语从句；so easily“如此容易，轻而易举地”，其中so“如此”，副词，修饰副词easily“容易地”；“so easily”修饰动词won，在句中作状语。故填so；that；so；easily。 15. （2025·广东广州·三模）2025年4月24日，三名宇航员搭载神舟 20号，成功进入太空。 Three astronauts ______ ______ into space ______ by Shenzhou 20 on 24 April 2025. 【答案】 were sent successfully 【详解】根据中英文对应可知，需要翻译“发送”和“成功地”，send表示“发送”，主语astronauts与send之间是动宾关系，根据“on 24 April 2025”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构：was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were，send过去分词为sent；successfully“成功地”，副词修饰动词。故填were；sent；successfully。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2026·贵州黔东南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。   Chinese embroidery (刺绣) is a special traditional art in China. It 1 (have) a long history and is famous around the world.   It is said that embroidery 2 (appear) during the Shang Dynasty. At that time, people made embroidery on clothes for rich families. Some patterns were flowers, while 3 (other) were animals like dragons. In Chinese culture, they stand for beauty and good luck. People believe these lovely patterns can bring them 4 (happy) and health.   Artists need silk threads (线), needles (针) and cloth 5 (make) nice work. They spend hours 6 (work) carefully on every step. Suzhou embroidery, one of the most famous styles, became 7 (wide) used over time.   In 2010, some great works were taken to the World Expo in Shanghai. They were seen by millions of 8 (visit) from different countries. Today, this art is still popular. Many schools have embroidery clubs. It is a good way to relax and enjoy beauty. Students think it is 9 (use) and fun.   Embroidery is not just a beautiful art form. It shows the wisdom of Chinese people and carries 10 (we) culture to the world. 【答案】 1. has 2. appeared 3. others 4. happiness 5. to make 6. working 7. widely 8. visitors 9. useful 10. our 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统特色艺术刺绣，简述了它的起源、图案寓意、创作要求，提及著名苏绣，说明这项艺术至今仍受欢迎，承载着中华文化走向世界。 1. 句意：它历史悠久，享誉世界。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。 2. 句意：据说刺绣出现在商代。句中时间状语为“Shang Dynasty”，是过去时间，谓语动词用过去式appeared。 3. 句意：刺绣纹样有的是花卉，其余的是龙这类动物。固定搭配some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”，符合此处语境。 4. 句意：人们相信这些灵动的纹样能给自己带来幸福与健康。此处作“bring”的宾语，需用名词，happy的名词形式为happiness，表示“快乐”。 5. 句意：创作精美的刺绣作品需要丝线、针和布料。此处用动词不定式to make作目的状语，说明准备材料的目的是制作刺绣作品。 6. 句意：创作者每一个步骤都要花费数小时精心制作。固定搭配“spend+时间+doing sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”，故填working。 7. 句意：作为最知名的刺绣流派之一，苏绣随时间推移发展得十分成熟普及。此处修饰动词“used”，需用副词，wide的副词形式为widely，表示“广泛地”。 8. 句意：数百万来自各国的游客都观赏了这些作品。“millions of”后接可数名词复数，此处表示“数百万游客”，故填visitor的复数形式visitors。 9. 句意：学生们觉得它既实用又有趣。此处和形容词“fun”并列作表语，需用形容词，use的形容词形式useful，表示“有用的”。 10. 句意：它展现了中国人的智慧，向世界传递着我们的文化。此处修饰名词“culture”，需用形容词性物主代词，we的形容词性物主代词是our。   Passage 2 （2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 John was born in 1838. When he turned 11 years old, he and his family moved to the United States from Scotland. They 1 (begin) a new life in Wisconsin that year. John showed his love of nature in his early years. He liked playing outdoors every day. He was also interested in working outdoors on his 2 (father) farm. When he was 29, John had 3 accident at work. The accident hurt his eyes. As a result, he missed looking at nature for months. 4 (lucky), he could see again. Later that year, John wanted 5 (spend) all his time learning about nature. He would travel in order to make his dream come true. First, John hiked 1,000 miles. He studied plants 6 animals. He then took a trip 7 ship. It was to learn 8 (many) about the world around him than ever. In 1869, John went to the Sierra Nevada mountains. He enjoyed 9 (he) climbing the mountains and wrote down what he saw. And he wrote about the animals and plants as well. By the time John turned 33, people were reading what he had written. They realized the 10 (important) of nature from John’s books. Many people understood and accepted his thoughts. John’s books are still read today. He is famous for his love of nature. 【答案】 1. began 2. father’s 3. an 4. Luckily 5. to spend 6. and 7. by 8. more 9. himself 10. importance 【导语】本文讲述了热爱自然的John的生平经历：他从苏格兰移居美国，经历意外后仍坚持探索自然、记录自然，最终通过著作让人们意识到自然的重要性。 1. 句意：那年他们在威斯康星州开始了新生活。文章讲述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时。这里要填begin的过去式began，意为“开始”。 2. 句意：他也对在父亲的农场里户外劳作感兴趣。空处修饰名词farm，表示所属关系，需用名词所有格。 3. 句意：当他29岁时，John在工作中出了一场事故。空处泛指一场事故，且accident是元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词an表示。 4. 句意：幸运的是，他又能看见了。空处修饰句子，用副词形式。 5. 句意：那年晚些时候，John想要把所有时间都花在学习自然上。want to do sth“想要做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语。 6. 句意：他研究植物和动物。“plants”和“animals”是并列关系，用连词and连接。 7. 句意：然后他乘船旅行。固定搭配by ship意为“乘船”，表示交通方式。 8. 句意：这是为了比以往更多地了解他周围的世界。“than ever”表明需用比较级形式，many的比较级为more。 9. 句意：他享受爬山的乐趣，并且写下他所看到的。enjoy oneself是固定短语，表示“玩得开心”，空处应用反身代词。 10. 句意：他们从John的书中意识到自然的重要性。此处是“the+名词+of”的结构，空处应填名词形式。 Passage 3 （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) 1 (become) one of the most important technologies in the world. AI is now 2 (use) in many areas, such as healthcare, education, and transportation. Scientists 3 (work) hard to develop even more advanced AI systems to help improve people’s lives. One of the biggest advantages of AI is that it makes many tasks 4 (easy) and more efficient. For example, AI-powered robots 5 (use) in hospitals already to assist doctors in surgery. In addition, the AI system 6 (analyze) large amounts of data much faster than humans can, allowing businesses 7 (make) better decisions. However, there are also some challenges. Some people worry that AI 8 (replace) human workers in the future, leading to economic problems. Others believe that AI should 9 (control) carefully to make sure it is used responsibly. In conclusion, AI is 10 (certain) changing the world, and its influence will continue to grow in the coming years. It is up to society to ensure that AI is used for positive purposes. 【答案】 1. has become 2. used 3. have been working 4. easier 5. have been used 6. analyzes 7. to make 8. will replace 9. be controlled 10. certainly 【导语】本文介绍了人工智能已成为全球最重要的技术之一，如今应用于多个领域，科学家们持续研发更先进的人工智能系统；同时阐述了人工智能的优势与面临的挑战，最后指出AI正在改变世界，其影响会持续扩大。 1. 句意：近年来，人工智能已成为世界上最重要的技术之一。根据“In recent years, artificial intelligence…one of the most important technologies in the world.”可知，In recent years是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，主语artificial intelligence为第三人称单数，become的过去分词还是become。故填has become。 2. 句意：人工智能现在被应用于许多领域，如医疗、教育和交通。据“AI is now…in many areas”可知，主语AI与use是被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be+过去分词，use的过去分词是used。故填used。 3. 句意：科学家们一直在努力研发更先进的人工智能系统，以帮助改善人们的生活。根据“Scientists…hard to develop even more advanced AI systems…”可知，此处表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作，且仍在进行，用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has been+现在分词，主语Scientists为复数，work的现在分词是working。故填have been working。 4. 句意：人工智能最大的优势之一是它使许多任务更简单、更高效。根据“it makes many tasks…and more efficient”可知，此处用形容词比较级与more efficient并列，easy的比较级是easier。故填easier。 5. 句意：例如，人工智能驱动的机器人已经在医院被用于协助医生做手术。根据“AI-powered robots…in hospitals already…”可知，already是现在完成时的标志词，主语robots与use是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为have/has been+过去分词，主语robots是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been used。 6. 句意：此外，人工智能系统分析大量数据的速度比人类快得多，这使得企业能够做出更好的决策。根据“the AI system…large amounts of data much faster than humans can”可知，主语the AI system是第三人称单数，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填analyzes。 7. 句意：此外，人工智能系统分析大量数据的速度比人类快得多，这使得企业能够做出更好的决策。根据“allowing businesses…better decisions”可知，此处是allow sb. to do sth.”意为“允许某人做某事”，故填to make。 8. 句意：一些人担心人工智能将来会取代人类工人，从而导致经济问题。根据“Some people worry that AI…human workers in the future”可知，in the future是一般将来时的标志词，一般将来时结构为will+动词原形，故填will replace。 9. 句意：另一些人认为应该谨慎控制人工智能，以确保其被负责任地使用。根据“AI should…carefully”可知，主语AI与control是被动关系，含有情态动词的被动语态结构为should+be+过去分词，control的过去分词是controlled。故填be controlled。 10. 句意：总之，人工智能无疑正在改变世界，其影响在未来几年将持续扩大。根据“AI is…changing the world”可知，此处修饰动词changing，用certain的副词形式，故填certainly。 Passage 4 （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 On April 19, 2025, the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon (人形机器人半程马拉松) attracted great attention. A total of 20 humanoid robots entered the race. These robots 1 (develop) by different teams in China and showed different levels of abilities. Before the race started, engineers checked every part of the robots 2 (careful) to make sure that they were in good condition. They fixed the robots’ joints (关节), updated programs and improved 3 (they) power systems. However, the race turned out to be a huge challenge for the robots. Right from the start, some robots faced problems like dead 4 (battery) and broken parts. Only six robots managed 5 (complete) the race. Tiangong Ultra finished the half-marathon in 2 hours and 40 minutes, far ahead of the race’s 6 (two) winner. 7 there were difficulties, this humanoid robot half-marathon is still a significant step forward in robotic engineering. It also makes us think about 8 relationship between humans and robots. As robots become 9 (powerful) than before, how will they fit into our lives? Maybe 10 the future, we will see robots help us in more areas, from daily chores to difficult jobs. 【答案】 1. were developed 2. carefully 3. their 4. batteries 5. to complete 6. second 7. Although/Though 8. the 9. more powerful 10. in 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2025年4月19日举行的世界首届人形机器人半程马拉松比赛的情况，包括比赛过程、结果以及由此引发的对机器人工程学和未来人机关系的思考。 1. 句意：这些机器人由中国不同的团队开发，表现出不同的能力水平。分析句子，主语“These robots”与动词“develop”之间是被动关系（被开发），且根据上下文时态，描述过去事件应用一般过去时。故需用一般过去时的被动语态。填were developed。 2. 句意：比赛开始前，工程师们仔细检查了机器人的每个部件，以确保它们状态良好。此处修饰动词“checked”，需用副词形式。careful的副词形式是carefully。故填carefully。 3. 句意：他们修复了机器人的关节，更新了程序，并改进了它们的动力系统。此处修饰名词短语“power systems”，需用形容词性物主代词。they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 4. 句意：从一开始，一些机器人就面临诸如电池没电和部件损坏等问题。battery（电池）为可数名词，此处“some robots faced problems like dead ...”应为复数概念，表示一类问题。故填batteries。 5. 句意：只有六个机器人成功完成了比赛。manage to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。故填to complete。 6. 句意：天宫Ultra以2小时40分钟完成了半程马拉松，远远领先于比赛的第二名。根据句意，此处指“第二名”，需用序数词second。故填second。 7. 句意：尽管有困难，但这次人形机器人半程马拉松仍然是机器人工程学向前迈出的重要一步。分析句子逻辑，前半句“有困难”和后半句“是重要一步”为让步关系。故需用Although或Though引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 8. 句意：这也让我们思考人类与机器人之间的关系。“relationship between humans and robots”特指“人类与机器人之间的这种关系”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 9. 句意：随着机器人变得比以前更强大，它们将如何融入我们的生活？根据句中“than before”可知，此处应用比较级。powerful为多音节形容词，比较级为more powerful。故填more powerful。 10. 句意：也许在未来，我们将看到机器人在更多领域帮助我们，从日常琐事到困难的工作。in the future为固定搭配，意为“在未来”。故填in。 Passage 5 （2026·山东济南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you want to be an inventor? The following advice may help you. First, get creative. Inventors know how to think outside the box and solve problems 1 different ways. How to get creative? Well, you can read as much as possible. A study shows that people who read a lot are usually more creative than those who don’t read. Doing artistic activities is also 2 (help). For example, painting and coloring let you have a creative mind. Second, learn STEM subjects. STEM stands for science, technology, engineering and math. These subjects are necessary 3 you want to be an inventor, because you’ll need to use the knowledge to create your projects. So take as many 4 (course) on STEM as possible at school. Third, join school clubs. Learning from others is important for an inventor. In school clubs, you can meet many creative people and learn from 5 (they). What’s more, there may be clubs in your school that encourage you 6 (try). You can join a club like the robotics club. There you’ll learn a lot about science and technology. You can also try joining something like the chess club. It encourages your logical (逻辑的) thinking. Fourth, practice hobbies as much as you can Imagination plays 7 important role in making you an inventor and hobbies can feed your imagination. Having a lot of hobbies 8 (allow) you to develop the innovative (创新的) mind of an inventor. Making cakes is a great example. Finally, never stop learning from the world around you. Many useful things 9 (invent) by people just like you. The computer 10 (change) a lot since it was first made. Keep your eyes open, and you might find your own great idea someday. 【答案】 1. in 2. helpful 3. if 4. courses 5. them 6. to try 7. an 8. allows 9. are invented 10. has changed 【导语】本文给想要成为发明家的人提供了五条建议：保持创造力、学习STEM学科、加入学校社团、培养爱好、持续向身边学习。 1. 句意：发明家懂得跳出思维定式，用不同的方法解决问题。“in different ways”是固定搭配，表示“用不同的方法”。 2. 句意：从事艺术活动也是有帮助的。此处用形容词作表语，help的形容词形式是helpful。 3. 句意：如果你想成为发明家，这些学科是必要的。此处用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。 4. 句意：所以在学校尽可能多地选修STEM课程。“many”后接可数名词复数，course的复数形式是courses。 5. 句意：在学校社团里，你可以遇到很多有创造力的人，并向他们学习。介词from后接宾格，they的宾格是them。 6. 句意：此外，你的学校可能有鼓励你尝试的社团。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 7. 句意：想象力在让你成为发明家的过程中扮演着重要角色，爱好可以滋养你的想象力。“play an important role in…”是固定搭配，表示“在……中扮演重要角色”，important发音以元音音素开头。 8. 句意：拥有很多爱好能让你培养出发明家的创新思维。动名词短语Having a lot of hobbies作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，allow的第三人称单数是allows。 9. 句意：很多有用的东西都是由像你一样的人发明的。主语things和invent是被动关系，句子为一般现在时。 10. 句意：自从计算机最初被制造出来以来，它已经发生了很大的变化。“since it was first made”是现在完成时的标志，主语the computer是单数。 Passage 6 （2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词或所给单词的正确形式，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 A woman swimmer once set a goal for herself. She decided to swim across the English Channel before she retired (退休). If she could succeed, she would be the 1 (one) person in the world to do it. On that day, she jumped into the sea without any hesitation (犹豫) and swam towards the opposite bank without any 2 (protect). In the journey, she faced heavy fog, heavy rain and heavy waves. 3 she was tired, she still kept on swimming. But in 4 end, she gave up. And she didn’t know that the opposite bank was only one mile away when she gave up. Later she 5 (ask) about the reason. And she said,“The reason why I gave up is that I could not see 6 (complete) the place which I was going to reach.” It was a great pity that one mile 7 (break) her dream. Since we were young children, too many success stories have been telling us about courage and persistence (毅力). But they never told us where 8 (find) courage and persistence.You can only have courage and manage to persist when you know where your goal is. That's because when you know where your goal is, you can prepare 9 (you) well in the mind. Courage and persistence never fall from the sky. They come from weighing between input and output. A life without a goal is 10 a ship without a compass (指南针). It goes nowhere. There is no courage or persistence in a life without goals. 【答案】 1. first 2. protection 3. Although/Though 4. the 5. was asked 6. completely 7. broke 8. to find 9. yourself 10. like 【导语】本文通过一位女游泳运动员因看不见终点而放弃的故事，说明目标对于勇气和毅力的重要性。 1. 句意：如果她能成功，她将成为世界上第一个做到的人。空格前有定冠词“the”，需用序数词表示“第一个”，one的序数词是first。 2. 句意：那一天，她毫不犹豫地跳入海中，没有任何保护地向对岸游去。介词“without”后需接名词作宾语，表示“没有保护”，protect的名词形式是protection。 3. 句意：虽然她很累，但她仍然坚持游泳。空格后是完整的句子“she was tired”，与主句构成让步关系，需用从属连词Although或Though引导让步状语从句。 4. 句意：但最终，她放弃了。“in the end”是介词短语，意为“最后、最终”，为固定搭配，故用定冠词the。 5. 句意：后来她被问及原因。主语“She”与动词“ask”之间是动宾关系，且叙述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was asked。 6. 句意：她说：“我放弃的原因是我无法完全看到我要到达的地方。”空格处修饰动词“see”，需用副词作状语，表示“完全地”，complete的副词形式是completely。 7. 句意：很可惜，一英里打破了她的梦想。空格处所在句叙述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，break的过去式是broke。 8. 句意：但它们从未告诉我们去哪里找到勇气和毅力。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语，表示“去哪里找到”，故用to find。 9. 句意：那是因为当你明确目标所在时，你就能在心理上做好充分准备。动词“prepare”后需接宾语，表示“让自己做好准备”，主语是you，需用反身代词yourself。 10. 句意：没有目标的生活就像一艘没有指南针的船。空格后是名词短语“a ship without a compass”，作表语说明生活的状态，需用介词like表示“像……一样”。 17 / 17乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法精练 专题 16 构词法-中考核心语法（广东专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、合成法核心用法总表 本表清晰呈现合成词 5 大类，覆盖结构、例子与中考高频词。 合成类型 构成方式 典型例子 易错提醒 复合名词 名词 + 名词 / 动词 + 名词 bedroom, playground, newspaper 作主语时按普通名词处理。 例：The playground is big. 复合形容词 形 + ed / 副 + ed / 名 + ed kind-hearted, man-made, well-known 作定语修饰名词。 例：a hard-working student 复合动词 副词 + 动词 overcome, oversleep, underline 时态变化同普通动词。 例：He overslept yesterday. 复合副词 副词 + 名词 upstairs, downstairs, indoors 作状语或表语。 例：He is upstairs. 复合代词 不定代词 + thing/one/body anything, anybody, nothing 形容词后置。 例：something important 使用注意事项 1. 复合形容词作定语时有连字符，名词不变复数。 例：an 8-year-old boy 2. 复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词必须后置。 例：I have something important to tell you. 3. 合成词整体视为一个单词，重音通常在第一部分。 例：bedroom 二、派生法・前缀总表 本表聚焦中考最常考前缀，否定前缀为核心考点。 前缀类型 前缀 含义 典型例子 易错提醒 否定前缀 un- 不、非 unhappy, unlucky, unusual 最常用，可加在形 / 副 / 动词前。 例：It is unhappy news. im- 不 impossible, impolite 用于以 p, b, m 开头的词。 例：impossible（不说 inpossible） in- 不 incorrect, inactive 用于以 l, r 以外的字母开头。 例：incorrect dis- 相反、不 disappear, disagree, dislike 加在动词 / 形容词前。 例：He disagreed with me. mis- 错误、坏 misunderstand, misfortune 表示 “做反 / 做错”。 例：Don’t misunderstand me. 其他前缀 re- 重新、再 rewrite, review, rebuild 中考最高频非否定前缀。 例：Please rewrite the sentence. inter- 之间 international, internet 表示 “相互、在… 之间”。 例：an international school 使用注意事项 1. 否定前缀不改变词性，只改变意思。 例：happy（形）→ unhappy（形） 2. im- 只用于 p/b/m 开头的词；il- 用于 l 开头；ir- 用于 r 开头。 例：illegal, irregular 3. re- 表示 “再次”，是写作加分前缀。 例：He rebuilt his house. 三、派生法・后缀总表 本表覆盖名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词4 类后缀，中考必考。 后缀类型 后缀 功能 典型例子 易错提醒 名词后缀 -er/-or 表人 teacher, actor, inventor -er 最常用；-er 表人 / 物。 例：a singer -ment 表动作 / 结果 development, agreement 动词变名词高频后缀。 例：the development of China -ion/-ation 表动作 / 状态 invention, invitation 动词以 te 结尾常变 tion。 例：invite → invitation -ness 表性质 / 状态 happiness, illness 形容词直接变名词。 例：happiness is important 形容词后缀 -ful 充满… 的 useful, careful, helpful 表示 “肯定”。 例：Be careful -less 无… 的 careless, hopeless 表示 “否定”，相当于不加 not。 例：He is careless -ed 感到… 的 interested, surprised 修饰人。 例：I am interested -ing 令人… 的 interesting, surprising 修饰物。 例：The book is interesting 副词后缀 -ly … 地 quickly, happily 形容词 + ly 变副词，修饰动词。 例：run quickly 动词后缀 -en 使… widen, deepen 形容词变动词。 例：deepen the river 使用注意事项 1. -ful 与 -less 是一对反义词。 例：careful → careless 2. -ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物，绝对不可混用。 例：I am surprised at the surprising news. 3. 形容词 + -ly → 副词；名词 + -ly → 形容词。 例：friendly（形），quickly（副） 四、转化法 & 截短缩略法总表 本表整理词性转换与缩写，阅读写作都常用。 类型 转化规则 典型例子 易错提醒 转化法 名词→动词 water（水→浇水）, book（书→预订） 拼写不变，词性 / 意思变。 例：I water the flowers. 动词→名词 walk（走→散步）, look（看→看一看） 常与 a 连用。 例：have a walk 形容词→动词 clean（干净的→打扫）, dry（干的→弄干） 可直接作谓语。 例：Clean the room. 截短法 去尾 examination→exam, telephone→phone 口语常用，书面谨慎使用。 例：I have an exam today. 缩略法 首字母缩写 PRC, UN, WHO, WTO, WWF 组织机构缩写，大写。 例：China is in UN 使用注意事项 1. 转化法拼写完全不变，只改变词性与用法。 例：stop（v. 停止）→ bus stop（n. 车站） 2. 缩写词在正式考试中尽量写全形，完形 / 阅读可识别。 例：exam = examination 3. PRC（中华人民共和国）、UN（联合国）、WHO（世卫） 是中考常考缩写。 五、构词法解题技巧总表 本表总结4 步万能解题法，词形转换题满分必背。 技巧名称 操作方法 适用场景 判词性 看空格成分：主语 / 宾语用名词；定语用形容词；状语用副词；谓语用动词 词形转换、语法填空 定词缀 肯定→-ful；否定→un-/im-/less；副词→-ly；人→-er/-or 单词拼写、词性转换 看语境 上下文表否定用否定前缀；表重复用 re-；表人用 - er 完形填空、短文填空 记特例 形容词变副词去 e 加 y：true→truly；辅音 + y 变 i 加 ly：heavy→heavily 易错题、拼写题 使用注意事项 1. 先判断缺什么词性，再选词缀。 例：动词前用副词：run quickly 2. 语境表 “否定” 时，优先用前缀，不用 not。 例：It is impossible for me. 3. 动词变名词：teach→teacher；develop→development。 一、单词拼写 1. （2026九年级·河南·专题练习）I couldn’t sleep because the bed was so _______________ (comfortable). 2. （25-26九年级上·河南周口·期末）He is a good ______________ (play). 3. （25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）The children didn’t pass the exam because of their ______________ (care). 4. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期中）He is quick-minded and speaks strongly like a ______________ (lead). That makes him special. 5. （25-26九年级上·重庆·月考）She couldn’t hide her ______________ (sad) when she heard the bad news about her pet dog. 6. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）Nobody knows the famous _______________ (music) well because he seldom shares his things with others. 7. （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）A great ______________ (achieve) can be made if we never give up, no matter how small we seem. 8. （25-26九年级下·江苏无锡·月考）Thanks to the ______________ (develop) of technology, people live an easier life than before. 9. （25-26九年级上·江苏南京·月考）He had a serious traffic accident and died because of the ______________(lose) of much blood. 10. （2020·广东·模拟预测）The children, sitting on the ______________ (wood) boat in the river, shouted with great joy. 11. （2020·广东·模拟预测）Her little brother is interested in ______________ (science)studies. 12. （2020·广东·模拟预测）I’m ______________ (true) sorry to trouble you so much. 13. （2020·广东·模拟预测）I congratulate all of you on the ______________ (achieve). 14. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·月考）The seller was found ______________ (honest) for misleading customers about the product’s quality. 15. （2020·广东·模拟预测）Volunteering is both interesting and ______________ (educate). 二、完成句子 1. （24-25九年级下·广东深圳·开学考试）在这座现代化的城市里，人们可以利用各种各样的交通方式去上班。 In this modern city, people can make use of various ________ to go to work. 2. （2025九年级·广东广州·专题练习）讲座非常生动，全部学生都听得很认真。 It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all the students listened carefully. 3. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期中）按照他的观点，帮助别人是很有意义的。 According to his opinion, ________ ________ ________ ________ help others. 4. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期末）必须确保所有志愿者都接受过专业培训。 All volunteers must ________ ________ ________ have received professional training. 5. （23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）It’s such a wonderful trip that I will always remember it. It’s ________ ________ ________ ________ that I will always remember it. 6. （24-25九年级上·广东湛江·期中）突然，地震就发生了。 ________________, an earthquake happened. 7. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·月考）这对他来说太简单了，所以他能轻而易举地完成。 It is ________ easy for him __________ he can finish it ________. 8. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）他走出了教室，脸上显出忧虑。 He walked out of the classroom ______________. 9. （2025·广东广州·二模）这真是一次有意义的活动啊！ _______ _______ _______ _______ it is! 10. （25-26九年级上·广东广州·期中）我们的表演获得了一等奖，这是多么令人满意的结果啊！ Our performance won the first prize. What a ________ ________ it was! 11. （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）面对失败，他从未灰心。 ________, he never lost heart. 12. （23-24九年级下·广东深圳·课后作业）He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper. He wasn’t ________ ________ ________ remember to write his name on the paper. 13. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）Maybe I will try learning German some day. (改为同义句) I will _________ try learning German some day. 14. （23-24九年级上·广东广州·期中）Linda如此聪明以至于她轻而易举地获奖。 Linda was ________ clever ________ she won the prize ________ ________. 15. （2025·广东广州·三模）2025年4月24日，三名宇航员搭载神舟 20号，成功进入太空。 Three astronauts ______ ______ into space ______ by Shenzhou 20 on 24 April 2025. 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2026·贵州黔东南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。   Chinese embroidery (刺绣) is a special traditional art in China. It 1 (have) a long history and is famous around the world.   It is said that embroidery 2 (appear) during the Shang Dynasty. At that time, people made embroidery on clothes for rich families. Some patterns were flowers, while 3 (other) were animals like dragons. In Chinese culture, they stand for beauty and good luck. People believe these lovely patterns can bring them 4 (happy) and health.   Artists need silk threads (线), needles (针) and cloth 5 (make) nice work. They spend hours 6 (work) carefully on every step. Suzhou embroidery, one of the most famous styles, became 7 (wide) used over time.   In 2010, some great works were taken to the World Expo in Shanghai. They were seen by millions of 8 (visit) from different countries. Today, this art is still popular. Many schools have embroidery clubs. It is a good way to relax and enjoy beauty. Students think it is 9 (use) and fun.   Embroidery is not just a beautiful art form. It shows the wisdom of Chinese people and carries 10 (we) culture to the world. Passage 2 （2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 John was born in 1838. When he turned 11 years old, he and his family moved to the United States from Scotland. They 1 (begin) a new life in Wisconsin that year. John showed his love of nature in his early years. He liked playing outdoors every day. He was also interested in working outdoors on his 2 (father) farm. When he was 29, John had 3 accident at work. The accident hurt his eyes. As a result, he missed looking at nature for months. 4 (lucky), he could see again. Later that year, John wanted 5 (spend) all his time learning about nature. He would travel in order to make his dream come true. First, John hiked 1,000 miles. He studied plants 6 animals. He then took a trip 7 ship. It was to learn 8 (many) about the world around him than ever. In 1869, John went to the Sierra Nevada mountains. He enjoyed 9 (he) climbing the mountains and wrote down what he saw. And he wrote about the animals and plants as well. By the time John turned 33, people were reading what he had written. They realized the 10 (important) of nature from John’s books. Many people understood and accepted his thoughts. John’s books are still read today. He is famous for his love of nature. Passage 3 （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) 1 (become) one of the most important technologies in the world. AI is now 2 (use) in many areas, such as healthcare, education, and transportation. Scientists 3 (work) hard to develop even more advanced AI systems to help improve people’s lives. One of the biggest advantages of AI is that it makes many tasks 4 (easy) and more efficient. For example, AI-powered robots 5 (use) in hospitals already to assist doctors in surgery. In addition, the AI system 6 (analyze) large amounts of data much faster than humans can, allowing businesses 7 (make) better decisions. However, there are also some challenges. Some people worry that AI 8 (replace) human workers in the future, leading to economic problems. Others believe that AI should 9 (control) carefully to make sure it is used responsibly. In conclusion, AI is 10 (certain) changing the world, and its influence will continue to grow in the coming years. It is up to society to ensure that AI is used for positive purposes. Passage 4 （2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。 On April 19, 2025, the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon (人形机器人半程马拉松) attracted great attention. A total of 20 humanoid robots entered the race. These robots 1 (develop) by different teams in China and showed different levels of abilities. Before the race started, engineers checked every part of the robots 2 (careful) to make sure that they were in good condition. They fixed the robots’ joints (关节), updated programs and improved 3 (they) power systems. However, the race turned out to be a huge challenge for the robots. Right from the start, some robots faced problems like dead 4 (battery) and broken parts. Only six robots managed 5 (complete) the race. Tiangong Ultra finished the half-marathon in 2 hours and 40 minutes, far ahead of the race’s 6 (two) winner. 7 there were difficulties, this humanoid robot half-marathon is still a significant step forward in robotic engineering. It also makes us think about 8 relationship between humans and robots. As robots become 9 (powerful) than before, how will they fit into our lives? Maybe 10 the future, we will see robots help us in more areas, from daily chores to difficult jobs. Passage 5 （2026·山东济南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you want to be an inventor? The following advice may help you. First, get creative. Inventors know how to think outside the box and solve problems 1 different ways. How to get creative? Well, you can read as much as possible. A study shows that people who read a lot are usually more creative than those who don’t read. Doing artistic activities is also 2 (help). For example, painting and coloring let you have a creative mind. Second, learn STEM subjects. STEM stands for science, technology, engineering and math. These subjects are necessary 3 you want to be an inventor, because you’ll need to use the knowledge to create your projects. So take as many 4 (course) on STEM as possible at school. Third, join school clubs. Learning from others is important for an inventor. In school clubs, you can meet many creative people and learn from 5 (they). What’s more, there may be clubs in your school that encourage you 6 (try). You can join a club like the robotics club. There you’ll learn a lot about science and technology. You can also try joining something like the chess club. It encourages your logical (逻辑的) thinking. Fourth, practice hobbies as much as you can Imagination plays 7 important role in making you an inventor and hobbies can feed your imagination. Having a lot of hobbies 8 (allow) you to develop the innovative (创新的) mind of an inventor. Making cakes is a great example. Finally, never stop learning from the world around you. Many useful things 9 (invent) by people just like you. The computer 10 (change) a lot since it was first made. Keep your eyes open, and you might find your own great idea someday. Passage 6 （2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词或所给单词的正确形式，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 A woman swimmer once set a goal for herself. She decided to swim across the English Channel before she retired (退休). If she could succeed, she would be the 1 (one) person in the world to do it. On that day, she jumped into the sea without any hesitation (犹豫) and swam towards the opposite bank without any 2 (protect). In the journey, she faced heavy fog, heavy rain and heavy waves. 3 she was tired, she still kept on swimming. But in 4 end, she gave up. And she didn’t know that the opposite bank was only one mile away when she gave up. Later she 5 (ask) about the reason. And she said,“The reason why I gave up is that I could not see 6 (complete) the place which I was going to reach.” It was a great pity that one mile 7 (break) her dream. Since we were young children, too many success stories have been telling us about courage and persistence (毅力). But they never told us where 8 (find) courage and persistence.You can only have courage and manage to persist when you know where your goal is. That's because when you know where your goal is, you can prepare 9 (you) well in the mind. Courage and persistence never fall from the sky. They come from weighing between input and output. A life without a goal is 10 a ship without a compass (指南针). It goes nowhere. There is no courage or persistence in a life without goals. 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $