专题 14 定语从句（广东专用）-【简语法-中考核心语法精练】2026年广东地区中考备考 一轮复习专用（人教版）

中考核心语法精练 专题 14 定语从句-中考核心语法（广东专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、定语从句关系代词总表 本表清晰呈现中考5 大关系代词，覆盖指代、成分、用法与易错点。 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 易错提醒 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省；介词后不用 who。 例：The girl who is singing is my sister. whom 人 宾语 介词后必须用 whom；可省。 例：The man whom you met is my uncle. that 人 / 物 主语、宾语 不能用于非限制性定语从句。 例：The car that is red is mine. which 物 主语、宾语 可用于非限制性定语从句。 例：The book which I bought is good. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） 不可省略；表所属关系。 例：I know the boy whose father is a teacher. 使用注意事项 1. 定语从句中不能重复出现与先行词一致的代词（it/them）。 例：The book which I bought (✓it ✗) is good. 2. whose + 名词 表示所属，可指人也可指物。 例：This is the house whose window is broken. 3. 关系词作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 例：The dress (which) she bought is nice. 二、只用 that 不用 which 辨析表 本表针对中考最高频考点，明确必须用 that 的 5 种情况。 适用情况 典型标志 例句 易错提醒 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something Everything that he did is right. 不定代词后只用 that。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰 the only, the very, the last This is the only book that I need. 唯一性修饰词后只用 that。 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰 first, best, most This is the best movie that I have seen. 序数词、最高级后只用 that。 先行词既有人又有物 人 + 物 We talked about the people and the things that we remembered. 人 + 物共用只用 that。 主句以 who/which 开头 Who is… / Which is… Who is the man that is standing there? 避免重复只用 that。 使用注意事项 1. 只要满足任意一条，就必须用 that，不能用 which。 例：He is the first person that came to school. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）绝对不能用 that。 例：He has a son, who is a doctor.（不用 that） 三、关系副词用法表 本表系统梳理when/where/why，适用于阅读长难句与写作升级。 关系副词 先行词类型 从句成分 替换结构 例句 when 时间名词 (time, day, year) 时间状语 in/on which I remember the day when I came here. where 地点名词 (place, room, city) 地点状语 in/at which This is the school where I studied. why 原因名词 (reason) 原因状语 for which The reason why he was late is true. 使用注意事项 1. 关系副词在从句中作状语，不作主语 / 宾语。 例：This is the place where I was born. 2. 关系副词 = 介词 + which，可互换。 例：the day on which = the day when 四、定语从句主谓一致表 本表聚焦中考易错语法点，明确谓语单复数判断规则。 结构类型 谓语单复数 例句 易错提醒 关系词作主语 与先行词一致 The boy who is… / The boys who are… 先行词单复数决定谓语。 one of + 复数名词 复数 He is one of the boys who have seen it. 先行词是复数名词。 the only one of + 复数名词 单数 He is the only one of the boys who has seen it. 先行词是 the only one。 which 指代整个主句 单数 He won the game, which makes him happy. 修饰整句，谓语用单数。 使用注意事项 1. who/which/that 作主语时，谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。 例：The girl who likes music is my friend. 2. the only one 视为单数，谓语动词用单数。 例：She is the only one who knows the truth. 五、定语从句解题技巧表 本表总结4 步解题法，考试快速选对关系词。 技巧名称 操作方法 适用场景 找先行词 判断先行词指人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 所有定语从句题目 判成分 看关系词在从句中作主 / 宾 / 定 / 状 关系词相关的语法选择题 记特例 牢记只用 that 的 5 种情况 易混 that/which 题目 查一致 关系词作主语时，核对谓语单复数 语法填空 / 短文填空 使用注意事项 1. 先行词指人→who/whom/that；指物→which/that。 例：The dog which/that is white is lovely. 2. 从句缺定语（…… 的）→直接选whose。 例：I have a friend whose brother is a doctor. 3. 介词提前时，只用which/whom，不用 that/who。 例：This is the room in which we live. 一、单词拼写 1. （24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）It can be confusing to come across sentences in ______________ same words have got different meanings. (单句语法填空) 2. （2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）The runner _____________ you are asking about is over there. 3. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）The farm ____________________ we picked strawberries is very popular. 4. （2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）The boy ______________ made a speech just now is my best friend. 5. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ______________ helps prevent us from being cheated. 6. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）The writer ______________ writes mystery novels is giving a talk at the library. 7. （25-26九年级上·甘肃兰州·期末）It is the best book ______________ I have ever read. (关系词) 8. （2024九年级下·广东·专题练习）Perhaps the day ______ most people can work at home through the Internet is coming soon. 9. （2024九年级下·广东·专题练习）I can’t accept the reason ______ she was late for work this morning. 10. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）The student ______________ answered the question is Tom. 11. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）The tree ______________ leaves are green is very tall. 12. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）Do you know the place ____________ we can have a picnic? 13. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）This is the hotel ______________ we stayed last week. 14. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）I like the city ______________ has a long history. 15. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）He ______________ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 二、完成句子 1. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）照片展示的是一个正在读书的18岁的女孩。 The photo shows an 18-year-old girl ________ ________ reading. 2. （2024·贵州贵阳·二模）《上春山》是一首关于春天的歌。 Shangchunshan is a beautiful song ________ ________ about spring. 3. （2024·贵州贵阳·一模）篮球是一项需要团队精神的运动。 Basketball is a sport ________ ________ team spirit. 4. （2023·广东广州·三模）后来，他的同学教了他一些非常实用的技巧。 Then, his classmates taught him some skills __________ __________ __________ __________. 5. （2023·贵州黔南·一模）毫无疑问，中国人最了解茶的本质。 The Chinese are without doubt the ones ________ ________ understand the nature of tea. 6. （2025·贵州·模拟预测）杨波是海嘎村的英雄，他带领着村民走向了幸福的生活。 Yang Bo is a hero in Haiga village ________ ________ villagers to a better life. 7. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）犯过错误的人能从中学到更多。 The person ________ ________ mistakes can learn more from them. 8. （2023·贵州贵阳·三模）我们应该对那些帮助过和支持过我们的人心存感激。 We should be thankful for the people ________ ________ and supported us. 9. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我更喜欢《八角笼中》这样的电影，它给我们年轻一代一些思考。 I prefer movies like Never Say Never __________ __________ our younger generation something to think about. 10. （2024·贵州遵义·一模）志愿者是工作不求回报的人。 A volunteer is a person ________ without being paid for it. 11. （2023·广东广州·二模）上周，吴老师收到了初三学生Jane的求助信。 Last week, Miss Wu ______ ______ Jane, a Grade 9 student ______ ______ for help. 12. （2023·广东广州·三模）广州是以美食闻名于全世界的城市之一。 Guangzhou is one of the cities ________ ________ ________ ________ delicious food all over the world. 13. （2025·广东广州·二模）到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things _______ _______ _______ _______ help them. 14. （2023·广东广州·二模）对此活动感兴趣的师生都可以参加。 Teachers and students ________ ________ ________ ________ the activity can join in. 15. （2023·广东广州·二模）在醒狮舞蹈中，两个人穿特质服装扮演成一头狮子。 In the Lion Dance, a lion is ________ ________ by two people ________ ________ special clothes. 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东惠州·模拟预测）Have you ever heard of the wampee (黄皮)? Do you like eating it? It’s 1 popular fruit from southern China. I like it very much. I sometimes wondered 2 people picked the wampee from trees. Luckily, I got a chance to have a try. I picked it 3 ! I wore a special shirt and a hat 4 could protect me from the sun. Then I started to cut off the fruit 5 with a pair of scissors. The noon sun was burning and sweat (汗) ran down my face and dropped onto the ground. It was hard to move my arms 6 the branches (树枝) got in the way. Sometimes the fruit was far away from me and I had to try my best 7 . Once I almost fell 8 the tree. All in all, it was a very difficult and dangerous job. Finally I finished the work and 13 kilograms of wampee 9 . But all the wampee only sold for 65 yuan. 10 cheap it was! From this experience, I deeply understood the meaning of the lines “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work”. 1. A．a B．the C．an 2. A．why B．how C．where 3. A．my B．mine C．myself 4. A．that B．who C．what 5. A．care B．careful C．carefully 6. A．because B．although C．until 7. A．reach B．to reach C．reaching 8. A．down B．of C．off 9. A．picked B．are picked C．were picked 10. A．How B．What C．What a Passage 2 （2025·广东珠海·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 Do you know Huang Xuhua’s story? Huang Xuhua, 1 is known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine”, was born in 1926 in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. He devoted his life to the development of China’s nuclear submarine program. Here is a story about his great contributions. Huang Xuhua 2 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. He 3 to join the nuclear submarine research team in 1958. Developing a nuclear submarine was 4 than anyone expected. 5 that time, China had no experience or advanced technology in this field. The research team had to work in secret and faced many challenges. 6 they didn’t have enough materials or modern equipment, Huang Xuhua worked tirelessly to achieve his dream and he never gave up. He believed that China could build 7 own nuclear submarine. In his 8 , Huang Xuhua and his team 9 developed China’s first nuclear submarine. 10 huge achievement for the country! He once said, “I am willing to dedicate my whole life to the motherland.” Huang Xuhua’s dedication and perseverance inspired many people. 1. A．whose B．which C．who 2. A．graduates B．graduated C．has graduated 3. A．was chosen B．chose C．was chose 4. A．difficult B．more difficult C．the most difficult 5. A．On B．In C．At 6. A．Because B．Although C．But 7. A．its B．it C．it’s 8. A．forty B．forties C．fortieth 9. A．success B．successful C．successfully 10. A．What a B．What an C．How Passage 3 （2023·广东东莞·一模）Recently I’ve watched a movie called Home Coming (《万里归途》). It’s about China saying its people 1 are living and working in other countries. A war breaks out in North Africa. Millions of Chinese people are in 2 . They look forward to 3 back to China and seeing their families. The Chinese government begins to help 4 leave right away.     One thing touches me the 5 . When Zong Dawei, the main character, finally gets back home, it is Chinese New Year. The sound of fireworks 6 everywhere. This is a happy moment, but because of his experiences in North Africa, Zong is often 7 of these sounds. The contrast (对比) between the gunfire in war and the fireworks in peace taught me the cruelty (残酷) of war, the hard-won peace and the hard work of my motherland to let us live 8 safe life. It not only lets me feel the power of our motherland but also makes me 9 proud of being Chinese. After seeing the movie, I’ve made up my mind to work hard, hoping that I can work 10 the development of China in the future. 1. A．who B．whom C．what 2. A．dangerous B．danger C．dangers 3. A．coming B．come C．comes 4. A．their B．they C．them 5. A．many B．more C．most 6. A．is B．was C．are 7. A．scaring B．scared C．scary 8. A．a B．an C．the 9. A．to feel B．feel C．felt 10. A．for B．with C．from Passage 4 （2025·广东惠州·一模）Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. It took 3 only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1. A．hardly B．harder C．hard 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．her B．hers C．herself 4. A．find B．to find C．finding 5. A．good B．better C．best 6. A．is held B．hold C．was held 7. A．who B．whom C．whose 8. A．In B．On C．At 9. A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10. A．woman B．women C．woman’s Passage 5 （2024·广东汕头·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. 3 took her only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for researching and developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1. A．care B．careful C．carefully 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．It B．It’s C．Its 4. A．find B．to find C．finding 5. A．good B．better C．best 6. A．is held B．hold C．was held 7. A．who B．whose C．whom 8. A．In B．On C．At 9. A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10. A．woman B．women C．woman’s Passage 6 （2025·广东珠海·一模）在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Liu Bowen, also known as Liu Ji, was a famous wise man 1 lived in ancient China. He was famous for his wisdom and great contributions he made to the Ming Dynasty. Once, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was 2 to build city walls around Nanjing, which was the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Usually, people would build walls straight up and down, but Liu Bowen put forward a better idea 3 his understanding of geography knowledge. The emperor 4 by him to follow the shape of the land, like going up and down hills and around rivers. This method 5 not only save time and resources but also make the wall much 6 . The emperor thought it was a great idea and decided to take 7 advice. They built the wall just as Liu Bowen suggested. Finally, the wall turned out to be really good at 8 the city safe, providing a natural protection against enemies. This story shows us that Liu Bowen is a very creative thinker. We can all learn from him to look at things 9 and find smart solutions to our problems. His story teaches us 10 important lesson: sometimes the best way to solve a problem is to think outside the box. 1. A．which B．who C．whose 2. A．to plan B．planning C．planned 3. A．with B．to C．in 4. A．advised B．is advised C．was advised 5. A．could B．should C．might 6. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 7. A．he B．his C．him 8. A．keeping B．keep C．kept 9. A．difference B．different C．differently 10. A．the B．a C．an 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法精练 专题 14 定语从句-中考核心语法（广东专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、定语从句关系代词总表 本表清晰呈现中考5 大关系代词，覆盖指代、成分、用法与易错点。 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 易错提醒 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省；介词后不用 who。 例：The girl who is singing is my sister. whom 人 宾语 介词后必须用 whom；可省。 例：The man whom you met is my uncle. that 人 / 物 主语、宾语 不能用于非限制性定语从句。 例：The car that is red is mine. which 物 主语、宾语 可用于非限制性定语从句。 例：The book which I bought is good. whose 人 / 物 定语（…… 的） 不可省略；表所属关系。 例：I know the boy whose father is a teacher. 使用注意事项 1. 定语从句中不能重复出现与先行词一致的代词（it/them）。 例：The book which I bought (✓it ✗) is good. 2. whose + 名词 表示所属，可指人也可指物。 例：This is the house whose window is broken. 3. 关系词作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 例：The dress (which) she bought is nice. 二、只用 that 不用 which 辨析表 本表针对中考最高频考点，明确必须用 that 的 5 种情况。 适用情况 典型标志 例句 易错提醒 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something Everything that he did is right. 不定代词后只用 that。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰 the only, the very, the last This is the only book that I need. 唯一性修饰词后只用 that。 先行词被序数词 / 最高级修饰 first, best, most This is the best movie that I have seen. 序数词、最高级后只用 that。 先行词既有人又有物 人 + 物 We talked about the people and the things that we remembered. 人 + 物共用只用 that。 主句以 who/which 开头 Who is… / Which is… Who is the man that is standing there? 避免重复只用 that。 使用注意事项 1. 只要满足任意一条，就必须用 that，不能用 which。 例：He is the first person that came to school. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）绝对不能用 that。 例：He has a son, who is a doctor.（不用 that） 三、关系副词用法表 本表系统梳理when/where/why，适用于阅读长难句与写作升级。 关系副词 先行词类型 从句成分 替换结构 例句 when 时间名词 (time, day, year) 时间状语 in/on which I remember the day when I came here. where 地点名词 (place, room, city) 地点状语 in/at which This is the school where I studied. why 原因名词 (reason) 原因状语 for which The reason why he was late is true. 使用注意事项 1. 关系副词在从句中作状语，不作主语 / 宾语。 例：This is the place where I was born. 2. 关系副词 = 介词 + which，可互换。 例：the day on which = the day when 四、定语从句主谓一致表 本表聚焦中考易错语法点，明确谓语单复数判断规则。 结构类型 谓语单复数 例句 易错提醒 关系词作主语 与先行词一致 The boy who is… / The boys who are… 先行词单复数决定谓语。 one of + 复数名词 复数 He is one of the boys who have seen it. 先行词是复数名词。 the only one of + 复数名词 单数 He is the only one of the boys who has seen it. 先行词是 the only one。 which 指代整个主句 单数 He won the game, which makes him happy. 修饰整句，谓语用单数。 使用注意事项 1. who/which/that 作主语时，谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。 例：The girl who likes music is my friend. 2. the only one 视为单数，谓语动词用单数。 例：She is the only one who knows the truth. 五、定语从句解题技巧表 本表总结4 步解题法，考试快速选对关系词。 技巧名称 操作方法 适用场景 找先行词 判断先行词指人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 所有定语从句题目 判成分 看关系词在从句中作主 / 宾 / 定 / 状 关系词相关的语法选择题 记特例 牢记只用 that 的 5 种情况 易混 that/which 题目 查一致 关系词作主语时，核对谓语单复数 语法填空 / 短文填空 使用注意事项 1. 先行词指人→who/whom/that；指物→which/that。 例：The dog which/that is white is lovely. 2. 从句缺定语（…… 的）→直接选whose。 例：I have a friend whose brother is a doctor. 3. 介词提前时，只用which/whom，不用 that/who。 例：This is the room in which we live. 一、单词拼写 1. （24-25九年级上·四川成都·期中）It can be confusing to come across sentences in ________ same words have got different meanings. (单句语法填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：遇到有相同词语却有不同的意思的句子，可能会让人感到困惑。in至句子末尾为定语从句，修饰先行词sentences，先行词是物，关系代词用which或that，前有介词in，只能用which。故填which。 2. （2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）The runner ________ you are asking about is over there. 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】句意：你问的那个跑步者在那边。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词runner，在从句作宾语，指人，关系词应用that、who或whom。故填that/who/whom。 3. （24-25九年级上·广东深圳·课后作业）The farm ______________ we picked strawberries is very popular. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们摘草莓的农场非常受欢迎。根据句意和句子结构可知，此句是定语从句。先行词The farm是一个地点，是定语从句中picked strawberries“摘草莓”的地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导定语从句，所以where符合题意。故填where。 4. （2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）The boy ________ made a speech just now is my best friend. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：刚才讲话的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。分析句子可知，设空处引导限制性的定语从句，先行词是The boy，指人，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 5. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app ________ helps prevent us from being cheated. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：国家反诈骗中心是一款帮助我们防止被骗的应用程序。根据“The National Anti-Fraud (反诈) Center is an app...helps prevent us being cheated.”可知，本句含有定语从句，先行词是“an app”，在从句中作主语，因此可以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that/which。 6. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）The writer ________ writes mystery novels is giving a talk at the library. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：那位写悬疑小说的作家正在图书馆做讲座。主句为“The writer is giving a talk at the library”，而“writes mystery novels”是对“writer”的修饰和说明，因此这是一个定语从句。先行词“writer”指人，故应使用关系代词“who”或“that”来引导该从句，在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 7. （25-26九年级上·甘肃兰州·期末）It is the best book ________ I have ever read. (关系词) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是我读过的最好的书。当先行词被最高级the best修饰时，定语从句的关系词只能用that；此处that在从句中作read的宾语，也可以省略。故填that。 8. （2024九年级下·广东·专题练习）Perhaps the day ______ most people can work at home through the Internet is coming soon. 【答案】when 【详解】句意：也许大多数人可以通过互联网在家工作的那一天即将到来。分析题干可知，空格处是定语从句的关系词，先行词day是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作状语，所以空格处是关系副词when。故填when。 9. （2024九年级下·广东·专题练习）I can’t accept the reason ______ she was late for work this morning. 【答案】why 【详解】句意：我不能接受她今天早上上班迟到的原因。根据“I can’t accept the reason...she was late for work this morning.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是原因，引导词在句中作状语，用why引导，故填why。 10. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）The student ________ answered the question is Tom. 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意： 回答问题的学生是汤姆。句子是定语从句，先行词“student”指人，在从句中作“answered”的主语，“who”和“that”都可指人且作主语，故填who/that。 11. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）The tree ________ leaves are green is very tall. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：叶子都是绿色的那棵树非常高。根据“is very tall”可知，The tree后接定语从句，先行词“tree”指物，“leaves”与“tree”是所属关系，“whose”可指物且表示所属关系。故填whose。 12. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）Do you know the place ________ we can have a picnic? 【答案】where 【详解】句意：你知道我们可以野餐的地方吗？先行词“the place”表示地点，在从句“we can have a picnic”中作地点状语，所以填where，引导定语从句。故填where。 13. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）This is the hotel ________ we stayed last week. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是我们上周住的酒店。分析题干，该句为定语从句，先行词“the hotel”是地点，需用关系副词where引导从句。填where。 14. （2025九年级·广东·专题练习）I like the city ________ has a long history. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：我喜欢那座有悠久历史的城市。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词“the city”在从句“has a long history”中作主语，应用关系代词which或that，故填which/that。 15. （24-25九年级上·北京海淀·期中）He ________ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 【答案】who 【详解】句意：不到长城非好汉。根据“He...doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”可知，这是一个定语从句，空处缺少关系代词，先行词“He”指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 二、完成句子 1. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）照片展示的是一个正在读书的18岁的女孩。 The photo shows an 18-year-old girl ________ ________ reading. 【答案】 who/that is 【详解】分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词“girl”是人，在句中作主语，可用who/that；从句中主语是单数，be动词用is。故填who/that；is。 2. （2024·贵州贵阳·二模）《上春山》是一首关于春天的歌。 Shangchunshan is a beautiful song ________ ________ about spring. 【答案】 which/that is 【详解】对比所给中英文并分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为指物的“a beautiful song”；关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，that/which符合；be“是”，时态为一般现在时，此处应用is。故填which/that；is。 3. （2024·贵州贵阳·一模）篮球是一项需要团队精神的运动。 Basketball is a sport ________ ________ team spirit. 【答案】 which/that needs/requires 【详解】此句是定语从句，先行词是sport，是物，用that或者which引导，动词need和require表示“需要”，先行词是单数， 动词用第三人称单数形式。故填which/that；needs/requires。 4. （2023·广东广州·三模）后来，他的同学教了他一些非常实用的技巧。 Then, his classmates taught him some skills __________ __________ __________ __________. 【答案】 which/that were very useful 【详解】根据语境及汉语含义可知，此处为定语从句。先行词skills“技巧，技能”指物，且在从句中作主语，关系词用which/that；从句为系表结构“be动词+形容词”表示“技巧实用”，且时态为一般过去时，先行词为复数，所以是were useful；very“非常”，副词修饰形容词useful。故填which/that；were；very；useful。 5. （2023·贵州黔南·一模）毫无疑问，中国人最了解茶的本质。 The Chinese are without doubt the ones ________ ________ understand the nature of tea. 【答案】 who best 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处考查定语从句。先行词the ones指人，故用who引导定语从句；best“最”。故填who；best。 6. （2025·贵州·模拟预测）杨波是海嘎村的英雄，他带领着村民走向了幸福的生活。 Yang Bo is a hero in Haiga village ________ ________ villagers to a better life. 【答案】 who/that led 【详解】根据所给句意可知，空白处应用定语从句，先行词“a hero”表示人，应用关系代词who/that，在句中作主语；第二空表示“带领”，用动词lead，根据句意可知，应用一般过去时。故填who/that；led。 7. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）犯过错误的人能从中学到更多。 The person ________ ________ mistakes can learn more from them. 【答案】 who/that made 【详解】根据“The person…mistakes can learn more from them.”可知，句子是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是the person，关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用who或that；犯错误：make mistakes，固定搭配，应用其过去式made，表之前犯的错误。故填who/that；made。 8. （2023·贵州贵阳·三模）我们应该对那些帮助过和支持过我们的人心存感激。 We should be thankful for the people ________ ________ and supported us. 【答案】 who/that helped 【详解】people后是定语从句，先行词是people，关系词作主语，应用who/that；help“帮助”，动词，结合“supported”可知应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填who/that；helped。 9. （2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我更喜欢《八角笼中》这样的电影，它给我们年轻一代一些思考。 I prefer movies like Never Say Never __________ __________ our younger generation something to think about. 【答案】 which/that give 【详解】分析句子可知，空处为定语从句，先行词为“movies”，表示物，连接词用that或which，给：give，由于主语是复数且时态为一般现在时，所以是动词原形。故填which/that；give。 10. （2024·贵州遵义·一模）志愿者是工作不求回报的人。 A volunteer is a person ________ without being paid for it. 【答案】who works 【详解】此句是定语从句，a person是先行词，指人，用who引导，work表示“工作”，描述事实，用一般现在时，先行词是单数，work用三单形式。故填who works。 11. （2023·广东广州·二模）上周，吴老师收到了初三学生Jane的求助信。 Last week, Miss Wu ______ ______ Jane, a Grade 9 student ______ ______ for help. 【答案】 heard from who asked 【详解】hear from表示“收到……的来信”；ask for help表示“求助”。student后面是定语从句，先行词student是人，用who引导定语从句。再结合时间状语“Last week”可知，主句和从句都用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。 故填heard；from；who；asked。 12. （2023·广东广州·三模）广州是以美食闻名于全世界的城市之一。 Guangzhou is one of the cities ________ ________ ________ ________ delicious food all over the world. 【答案】 which are famous for 【详解】分析句子可知，句子是定语从句，空处需要翻译的是“闻名于”，be famous for表示“因……而闻名”，固定词组，先行词是cities，指物，作主语，因此用which来引导定语从句，主语是“the cities”，be动词用are。故填which；are；famous；for。 13. （2025·广东广州·二模）到达那里之后，我们尽力做我们能做的事情去帮助他们。 After arriving there, we tried our best to do the things _______ _______ _______ _______ help them. 【答案】 that we could to 【详解】本句可用定语从句表示，先行词是“things”，引导词在从句中作主语，可用that引导；we我们；could能；to help them去帮助他们，使用动词不定式表目的。故填that；we；could；to。 14. （2023·广东广州·二模）对此活动感兴趣的师生都可以参加。 Teachers and students ________ ________ ________ ________ the activity can join in. 【答案】 who/that are interested in 【详解】根据句意可知用一般现在时，此处要表示“对此活动感兴趣的师生”，主语后用定语从句，“对……感兴趣”be interested in，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，用who或that引导定语从句，结合“Teachers and students”可知从句中be动词用are。故填who/that；are；interested；in。 15. （2023·广东广州·二模）在醒狮舞蹈中，两个人穿特质服装扮演成一头狮子。 In the Lion Dance, a lion is ________ ________ by two people ________ ________ special clothes. 【答案】 acted as who wear 【详解】act as“扮演”，是固定短语，和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态结构，动词用过去分词；two people后的句子是定语从句，先行词people指人，关系词作主语，应用who引导；wear“穿着”，动词，根据前句可知句子是一般现在时，主语是people，动词用原形，故填acted；as；who；wear。 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东惠州·模拟预测）Have you ever heard of the wampee (黄皮)? Do you like eating it? It’s 1 popular fruit from southern China. I like it very much. I sometimes wondered 2 people picked the wampee from trees. Luckily, I got a chance to have a try. I picked it 3 ! I wore a special shirt and a hat 4 could protect me from the sun. Then I started to cut off the fruit 5 with a pair of scissors. The noon sun was burning and sweat (汗) ran down my face and dropped onto the ground. It was hard to move my arms 6 the branches (树枝) got in the way. Sometimes the fruit was far away from me and I had to try my best 7 . Once I almost fell 8 the tree. All in all, it was a very difficult and dangerous job. Finally I finished the work and 13 kilograms of wampee 9 . But all the wampee only sold for 65 yuan. 10 cheap it was! From this experience, I deeply understood the meaning of the lines “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work”. 1. A．a B．the C．an 2. A．why B．how C．where 3. A．my B．mine C．myself 4. A．that B．who C．what 5. A．care B．careful C．carefully 6. A．because B．although C．until 7. A．reach B．to reach C．reaching 8. A．down B．of C．off 9. A．picked B．are picked C．were picked 10. A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文讲述了作者采摘黄皮的经历，通过这次经历，作者深刻理解了“粒粒皆辛苦”的含义。 1. 句意：它是来自中国南方的一种受欢迎的水果。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前。此处泛指一种受欢迎的水果，popular以辅音音素/p/开头，其前用不定冠词a。故选A。 2. 句意：我有时想知道人们如何从树上摘黄皮。 why为什么；how如何；where哪里。根据“Luckily, I got a chance to have a try.”可知，作者是想知道如何摘黄皮。故选B。 3. 句意：我自己摘！ my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。此处用反身代词myself作宾语，表示作者自己。故选C。 4. 句意：我穿了能保护我免受阳光照射的一件特殊衬衫和一顶帽子。 that无实义；who谁；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词“shirt and a hat”是物，用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选A。 5. 句意：然后我开始用剪刀小心地剪下水果。 care关心，动词；careful小心的，形容词；carefully小心地，副词。动词短语“cut off”用副词carefully修饰。故选C。 6. 句意：很难移动我的手臂，因为树枝挡住了路。 because因为；although尽管；until直到。前后是因果关系，用连词because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 7. 句意：有时水果离我很远，我不得不尽力去够到。 reach够到，动词原形；to reach动词不定式；reaching动名词或现在分词。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故选B。 8. 句意：有一次我差点从树上掉下来。 down向下；of……的；off离开。根据“the tree”可知，此处是从树上掉下来，fall off表示“从……掉下来”。故选C。 9. 句意：最后我完成了工作，摘了13公斤的黄皮。 picked摘，动词过去式；are picked一般现在时的被动语态；were picked一般过去时的被动语态。主语“13 kilograms of wampee”与动词pick之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，且时态为一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 10. 句意：它是多么便宜啊！ How多么，副词；What什么；What a一个什么。此处是感叹句，中心词cheap是形容词，用“How+形容词+主谓!”结构。故选A。 Passage 2 （2025·广东珠海·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 Do you know Huang Xuhua’s story? Huang Xuhua, 1 is known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine”, was born in 1926 in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. He devoted his life to the development of China’s nuclear submarine program. Here is a story about his great contributions. Huang Xuhua 2 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1949. He 3 to join the nuclear submarine research team in 1958. Developing a nuclear submarine was 4 than anyone expected. 5 that time, China had no experience or advanced technology in this field. The research team had to work in secret and faced many challenges. 6 they didn’t have enough materials or modern equipment, Huang Xuhua worked tirelessly to achieve his dream and he never gave up. He believed that China could build 7 own nuclear submarine. In his 8 , Huang Xuhua and his team 9 developed China’s first nuclear submarine. 10 huge achievement for the country! He once said, “I am willing to dedicate my whole life to the motherland.” Huang Xuhua’s dedication and perseverance inspired many people. 1. A．whose B．which C．who 2. A．graduates B．graduated C．has graduated 3. A．was chosen B．chose C．was chose 4. A．difficult B．more difficult C．the most difficult 5. A．On B．In C．At 6. A．Because B．Although C．But 7. A．its B．it C．it’s 8. A．forty B．forties C．fortieth 9. A．success B．successful C．successfully 10. A．What a B．What an C．How 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国核潜艇之父黄旭华的故事。 1. 句意：黄旭华，被誉为“中国核潜艇之父”，1926年出生于广东省海丰县。 Whose谁的；which哪个：who谁。根据“Huang Xuhua, ...is known as..., was born in 1926 in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province.”可知，空格处所在分句为定语从句，空格处为关系词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词为人名Huang Xuhua，故用who作关系词，故选C。 2. 句意：黄旭华1949年毕业于上海交通大学。 graduate毕业，第三人称单数；graduated毕业，过去式；has graduated已经毕业，用于现在完成时。根据“in 1949”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，空格处为本句谓语动词，应用过去式，故选B。 3. 句意：1958年，他被选中加入核潜艇研究团队。 was chosen被选择，被动语态；chose选择，过去式；was chose语法错误。根据“He…to join the nuclear submarine research team in 1958.”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，空格处为本句谓语动词，主语为He，主语与谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选A。 4. 句意：研制核潜艇比任何人预期的都要困难得多。 difficult困难的，形容词原级；more difficult更困难的，形容词比较级；the most difficult最困难的，形容词最高级。根据“than”可知，本句应用比较级，故选B。 5. 句意：在那个时期，中国在这个领域没有任何经验和先进技术。 On在……上面；In在……里面；At在……时间。根据“…that time,”可知，本句考查固定搭配at that time，意为“在那时”，故选C。 6. 句意：尽管他们没有足够的材料或现代化设备，黄旭华仍然努力工作以实现他的梦想，从未放弃。 Because因为；Although尽管；But但是。根据“…they didn’t have enough materials or modern equipment, Huang Xuhua worked tirelessly to achieve his dream and he never gave up.”可知，空格处所在分句为从句，且与主句之间存在“让步”关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故选B。 7. 句意：他相信中国能够建造自己的核潜艇。 its它的，形容词性物主代词；it它，人称代词主格或宾格；it’s它是。根据“China could build…own nuclear submarine.”可知，空格处应填形容词性物主代词，故选A。 8. 句意：在他的40多岁的时候，黄旭华和他的团队成功地开发了中国第一艘核潜艇。 forty四十；forties四十的复数；fortieth第四十。根据“In his…”可知，本句考查固定搭配in one’s+整十数的复数，意为“在某人几十岁的时候”，故选B。 9. 句意：在他的40多岁的时候，黄旭华和他的团队成功地开发了中国第一艘核潜艇。 success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词。successfully成功地，副词。根据“Huang Xuhua and his team…developed China’s first nuclear submarine.”可知，本句句子结构完整，空格处应填副词形式，故选C。 10. 句意：这是国家的巨大成就！ What a作感叹句引导词时，后接辅音音素开头的名词或名词短语；What an作感叹句引导词时，后接元音音素开头的名词或名词短语；How作感叹句引导词时，后接形容词或副词。根据空格后“huge achievement”可知，这是辅音音素开头的名词短语，故选A。 Passage 3 （2023·广东东莞·一模）Recently I’ve watched a movie called Home Coming (《万里归途》). It’s about China saying its people 1 are living and working in other countries. A war breaks out in North Africa. Millions of Chinese people are in 2 . They look forward to 3 back to China and seeing their families. The Chinese government begins to help 4 leave right away.     One thing touches me the 5 . When Zong Dawei, the main character, finally gets back home, it is Chinese New Year. The sound of fireworks 6 everywhere. This is a happy moment, but because of his experiences in North Africa, Zong is often 7 of these sounds. The contrast (对比) between the gunfire in war and the fireworks in peace taught me the cruelty (残酷) of war, the hard-won peace and the hard work of my motherland to let us live 8 safe life. It not only lets me feel the power of our motherland but also makes me 9 proud of being Chinese. After seeing the movie, I’ve made up my mind to work hard, hoping that I can work 10 the development of China in the future. 1. A．who B．whom C．what 2. A．dangerous B．danger C．dangers 3. A．coming B．come C．comes 4. A．their B．they C．them 5. A．many B．more C．most 6. A．is B．was C．are 7. A．scaring B．scared C．scary 8. A．a B．an C．the 9. A．to feel B．feel C．felt 10. A．for B．with C．from 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者观看电影《万里归途》的观后感。 1. 句意：这是关于中国说它的人民在其他国家生活和工作。 who谁，指人，代指主语或宾语；whom谁，指人，只能指代宾语；what什么，代指主语或宾语。根据分析句子“It’s about China saying its people…are living and working in other countries.”可知，该句是一句主从复合句，且从句是定语从句，先行词是people，故排除C选项，又根据从句缺主语，所以此处应该用who引导定语从句，指代主语。故选A。 2. 句意：数百万中国人处于危险之中。 dangerous危险的，形容词；danger危险，名词，不可数名词；dangers表达错误。根据前文“A war breaks out in North Africa.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达数百万中国人处于危险之中。be in danger，固定搭配，意为“处于危险中”符合语境。故选B。 3. 句意：他们期待着回到中国，见到他们的家人。 coming来，动名词或现在分词；come来，动词原形；comes来，三单形式。根据空格前“look forward to”可知，此处考查：look forward to doing sth，固定搭配，意为“期待做某事”符合语境，所以此处应该填入动名词形式coming，作宾语。故选A。 4. 句意：中国政府马上开始帮助他们离开。 their他们的，形容词性物主代词；they他们，主格人称代词；them他们，她们，它们，宾格人称代词。根据分析句子“The Chinese government begins to help…leave right away.”可知，此处考查：help sb do sth，固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”符合语境，所以此处应该填入宾格人称代词them，作宾语。故选C。 5. 句意：最触动我的一件事。 many许多，后跟可数名词复数；more更多的；most最多的。根据空格前“the”可知，此处应该填入最高级most，表达最触动我的一件事。故选C。 6. 句意：烟花的声音无处不在。 is是，三单形式；was是，is的过去式；are是，be的复数形式。根据语境可知，时态为一般现在时，该句主语是The sound of fireworks，所以此处be动词应该用is。故选A。 7. 句意：这是一个快乐的时刻，但由于他在北非的经历，宗经常害怕这些声音。 scaring令人害怕的；scared害怕的；scary害怕的。根据“Zong is often…of these sounds.”，结合选项可知，此处应该表达宗经常害怕这些声音。be scared of sth，固定搭配，意为“害怕……”符合语境。故选B。 8. 句意：战争中的炮火与和平中的烟火的对比，让我懂得了战争的残酷，懂得了和平的来之不易，懂得了祖国为了让我们过上一个安稳的生活所付出的努力。 a不定冠词，表泛指，后跟以辅音音素开头的词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后跟以元音音素开头的词；the定冠词，表特指。根据空格后“safe life”可知，此处泛指一个安稳的生活，且safe是以辅音音素开头的词，所以此处应该填入不定冠词a，意为“一个”符合语境。故选A。 9. 句意：这不仅让我感受到我们祖国的强大，也让我为自己是中国人而自豪。 to feel感觉，不定式；feel感觉，动词原形；felt感觉，过去式。根据“but also makes me…proud of being Chinese.”，结合选项可知，此处考查：make sb do adj.，固定搭配，意为“让某人……的”符合语境，所以此处应该填入动词原形feel。故选B。 10. 句意：在看完这部电影后，我下定决心要努力工作，希望将来能为中国的发展而努力。 for为了，因为；with和；from来自。根据空格后“the development of China”，结合选项可知，此处应该指的是能为中国的发展而努力。所以此处应该填入介词for，意为“为了”符合语境。故选A。 Passage 4 （2025·广东惠州·一模）Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. It took 3 only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1. A．hardly B．harder C．hard 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．her B．hers C．herself 4. A．find B．to find C．finding 5. A．good B．better C．best 6. A．is held B．hold C．was held 7. A．who B．whom C．whose 8. A．In B．On C．At 9. A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10. A．woman B．women C．woman’s 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 【导语】本文介绍了胡海岚的求学经历、科研成就及获得的荣誉，展现了中国女性科学家的国际影响力。 1. 句意：在校期间，她刻苦学习课本知识。 hardly几乎不；harder更努力；hard努力地。根据“studied textbook knowledge”可知需用副词修饰动词，hard符合语境。故选C。 2. 句意：1996年，胡海岚以优异成绩毕业后收到伯克利大学的邀请。 a一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素前；an一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素前；the那个，定冠词，特指。根据“invitation”可知，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词，invitation以元音音素开头，需用an。故选B。 3. 句意：她仅用六年就获得了硕士和博士学位。 her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己。此处修饰“degrees”需用形容词性物主代词。故选A。 4. 句意：她热爱科学，竭尽全力找出抑郁症的真正成因。 find动词原形；to find不定式；finding动名词。try one’s best to do为固定搭配。故选B。 5. 句意：她所做的一切是为了让抑郁症患者拥有更好的生活。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“everything she does is to give people with depression a ... life”可知，此处表示比较级“改善生活”。故选B。 6. 句意：该奖项每年表彰五位杰出女性科学家。 is held一般现在时被动语态；hold一般现在时主动语态；was held一般过去时被动语态。描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为单数。故选A。 7. 句意：有趣的是，胡是去年获奖者中最年轻的女性。 who引导定语从句指人；whom宾格；whose所有格。从句修饰woman，需用主格who作主语。故选A。 8. 句意：与此同时，她是该奖项第七位中国获奖者。 In在……内；On在……上；At在……时。at the same time为固定搭配。故选C。 9. 句意：尽管已获众多奖项，她仍坚持帮助抑郁症患者。 keep动词原形；keeps第三人称单数；kept过去式。时态为一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语需用keeps。故选B。 10. 句意：我们看到中国女性科学家正展现其国际影响力。 woman单数；women复数；woman’s所有格。scientists为复数，需用women修饰。故选B。 Passage 5 （2024·广东汕头·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Hu Hailan was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1973. While in school, she studied textbook knowledge 1 . In 1996, Hu Hailan received 2 invitation from Berkeley University after graduating with excellent results. 3 took her only six years to get her master’s and doctor’s degrees. She loves science a lot. She tries her best 4 out what truly causes depression (抑郁症). Her great findings are good for researching and developing the medicine for treating depression. All in all, everything she does is to give people with depression a 5 life. Hu received UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Outstanding Female Scientist Award in June, 2022. It 6 to reward (奖励) five outstanding scientists among women every year. Interestingly, Hu is the youngest woman 7 won the award last year. 8 the same time, she is the seventh Chinese winner of the award. Though she has got lots of awards in her life, she still 9 going on the way to help people with depression. We can see that Chinese 10 scientists are showing their abilities on the world stage now. They are great role models for us. 1. A．care B．careful C．carefully 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．It B．It’s C．Its 4. A．find B．to find C．finding 5. A．good B．better C．best 6. A．is held B．hold C．was held 7. A．who B．whose C．whom 8. A．In B．On C．At 9. A．keep B．keeps C．kept 10. A．woman B．women C．woman’s 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 【导语】本文介绍了胡海岚的学术成就及其在抑郁症研究领域的贡献，展现了中国女性科学家的国际影响力。 1. 句意：胡海岚在学校时认真学习课本知识。 care关心，动词；careful小心的，形容词；carefully认真地，副词。根据“studied”可知，此处指认真学习，应选副词修饰动词。故选C。 2. 句意：1996年，胡海岚以优异成绩毕业后收到了一封伯克利大学的邀请函。 a一个（用于辅音开头的单词）；an一个（用于元音开头的单词）；the特指。根据“…invitation from Berkeley University ”可知，此处指一封邀请函，泛指，且invitation以元音开头。故选B。 3. 句意：她只用了六年时间就获得了硕士和博士学位。 It它；It’s它是；Its它的。此处是it takes sb.+时间+to do sth.句型，意为“做某事花费某人多久时间”，it作形式主语。故选A。 4. 句意：她尽力找出抑郁症的真正原因。 find找到（动词原形）；to find找出（不定式）；finding发现（动名词）。根据“tries her best”可知，其后接不定式，意为“尽力做某事”。故选B。 5. 句意：她所做的一切都是为了给抑郁症患者更好的生活。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“everything she does is to…”可知，此处描述胡海岚所做的一切的目的，是为了改善生活抑郁症患者的生活，让他们过得更好，故此处应该用比较级。故选B。 6. 句意：它是为了每年奖励五位杰出的女性科学家而举办的。 is held被举办（一般现在时被动语态）；hold举办（动词原形）；was held被举办（一般过去时被动语态）。根据“every year”可知，描述常规事件，应用一般现在时，主语“It”是一个奖项，和动词“hold”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选A。 7. 句意：有趣的是，胡海岚是去年获奖的最年轻女性。 who谁（主语）；whose谁的；whom谁（宾语）。“won the award last year”作“the youngest woman”的定语从句，从句缺少主语，关系词应选who。故选A。 8. 句意：同时，她是该奖项的第七位中国获奖者。 In在（某个月份，季节，年份）；On在（某一天）；At在（某个具体时刻）。at the same time意为“同时”，固定搭配。故选C。 9. 句意：尽管她一生中获得了许多奖项，但她仍然坚持走在帮助抑郁症患者的道路上。 keep保持（动词原形）；keeps保持（第三人称单数）；kept保持（过去式）。根据“she still…”可知，此处指目前还在做的事情，应该用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用单三。故选B。 10. 句意：我们可以看到，中国女性科学家正在世界舞台上展现她们的能力。 woman女人（单数）；women女人（复数）；woman’s女人的。根据“scientists”可知，此处指女性科学家，且为复数，含有woman的合成名词变为复数时，两个部分都要发生改变。故选B。 Passage 6 （2025·广东珠海·一模）在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Liu Bowen, also known as Liu Ji, was a famous wise man 1 lived in ancient China. He was famous for his wisdom and great contributions he made to the Ming Dynasty. Once, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was 2 to build city walls around Nanjing, which was the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Usually, people would build walls straight up and down, but Liu Bowen put forward a better idea 3 his understanding of geography knowledge. The emperor 4 by him to follow the shape of the land, like going up and down hills and around rivers. This method 5 not only save time and resources but also make the wall much 6 . The emperor thought it was a great idea and decided to take 7 advice. They built the wall just as Liu Bowen suggested. Finally, the wall turned out to be really good at 8 the city safe, providing a natural protection against enemies. This story shows us that Liu Bowen is a very creative thinker. We can all learn from him to look at things 9 and find smart solutions to our problems. His story teaches us 10 important lesson: sometimes the best way to solve a problem is to think outside the box. 1. A．which B．who C．whose 2. A．to plan B．planning C．planned 3. A．with B．to C．in 4. A．advised B．is advised C．was advised 5. A．could B．should C．might 6. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 7. A．he B．his C．him 8. A．keeping B．keep C．kept 9. A．difference B．different C．differently 10. A．the B．a C．an 【答案】 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了古代中国著名智者刘伯温为明朝皇帝朱元璋修建南京城墙时提出的创新建议，展现了他的智慧和创造力。 1. 句意：刘伯温，又名刘基，是中国古代一位著名的智者。 which哪一个；who谁；whose谁的。根据“Liu Bowen…was a famous wise man …lived in ancient China”及语境可知，此处在对智者刘伯温进行进一步的介绍，应用关系代词who引导定语从句，“a man who lived in ancient China”表示“一位生活在中国古代的人”。故选B。 2. 句意：有一次，朱元璋皇帝计划在明朝的首都南京周围修建城墙。 to plan计划，动词不定式；planning计划，现在分词形式；planned计划，过去式。根据“was…to build city walls around Nanjing”及语境可知，此处指皇帝“计划”修建城墙，was后应用其动词的现在分词形式，“be planning to do sth.”表示“计划做某事”。故选B。 3. 句意：通常情况下，人们会把墙筑得笔直，但刘伯温用他对地理知识的理解提出了一个更好的想法。 with用，和；to对；in在……里。根据“…his understanding of geography knowledge”及语境可知，此处指刘伯温“用”他对地理知识的理解提出了想法。故选A。 4. 句意：他建议皇帝要顺应地形，比如上下山川，绕河而行。 advised建议，过去式；is advised建议，一般现在时的被动语态；was advised建议，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The emperor…by him to follow…”及语境可知，该句主语“The emperor”与谓语动词“advise”之间表示被动关系，且本文讲述的是明代发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were done sth.”。故选C。 5. 句意：这种方法不仅节省了时间和资源，而且使墙更加坚固。 could能；should应该；might也许。根据“…not only save time and resources…”及语境可知，此处描述了这种方法的好处，表示“不仅能……而且还能……”，且本文讲述的明代发生的事情，时态应为一般过去时，应用can的过去式could表示“能够”。故选A。 6. 句意：这种方法不仅节省了时间和资源，而且使墙更加坚固。 strong坚固的，形容词原级；stronger更坚固的，形容词比较级；strongest最坚固的，形容词最高级。根据“…make the wall much…”中的much可知，此处应指这种方法使墙“更加坚固”，应用其形容词比较级与之搭配。故选B。 7. 句意：皇帝觉得这是个好主意，决定采纳他的建议。 he他，代词主格；his他的，形容词或名词性物主代词；him他，代词宾格。根据常识及各段对刘伯温的介绍“He was…his understanding…”可知，刘伯温是历史上一位男性，此处应用he对应的形容词性物主代词his“他的”作定语修饰advice，指皇帝采纳了“他的”建议。故选B。 8. 句意：最后，城墙被证明在保护城市安全方面非常出色，为抵御敌人提供了天然的保护。 keeping(使)保持，动名词形式；keep(使)保持，动词原形；kept(使)保持，过去式。根据“be really good at…”可知，介词at后应用其动名词形式，“keep the city safe”表示“保护城市安全”。故选A。 9. 句意：我们都可以向他学习，以不同的方式看待事物，并找到解决问题的聪明方法。 difference不同点；different不同的；differently不同地。根据“look at things…”及语境可知，该句结构完整，此处指“不同地”看待事物，应用其对应的副词形式修饰谓语动词look。故选C。 10. 句意：他的故事给我们上了重要的一课：有时候，解决问题的最好方法是跳出思维定式。 the这，那，定冠词；a一个，不定冠词，修饰发音以辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，不定冠词，修饰发音以元音音素开头的单词。根据“teaches us…important lesson”及语境可知，此处指给我们上了“一”课，且important发音是以元音音素开头的句子，应用不定冠词an表泛指。故选C。 20 / 20乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $