第10章 第1节 关系代词和“介词+关系代词”-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习教用课件（艺考）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦定语从句核心考点，覆盖关系代词（that/which/who等）及“介词+关系代词”结构，依据高考评价体系明确关系代词用法、介词搭配规则等高频考点分布，通过表格对比、例句解析归纳语法填空、短文改错等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“系统梳理+实战训练+思维提升”，如通过“介词选用三原则”（动词搭配、先行词搭配、句意逻辑）突破难点，结合20道填空真题培养学生语言运用能力与逻辑思维。特设that特殊用法、非限制性从句等易错点警示，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准教学，提升复习效率。

第十章　定语从句 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 生物 1 目 录 ONTENTS C [巩固练习] [知识梳理] 生物 2 知 识 梳 理 生物 3 当我们用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词的时候，我们把这个形容词称为那个名词或代词的定语。然而，在实际运用中，用一个形容词来修饰名词或代词往往不能完整地表达句意。要完整地表达句意，用一个句子来修饰那个名词或代词更佳，于是便产生了定语从句。 在英语中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句，称为定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句在先行词之后(名词/代词+定语从句)。 连接先行词和定语从句的词称为关系代词或者关系副词。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 4 I can lend you a book which tells lots of things about Spain. (先行词是a book，关系代词是which)  我能借给你一本讲了许多关于西班牙的事情的书。 The man who lives next to us is a policeman. (先行词是The man，关系代词是who)  住在我们隔壁的人是一位警察。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 5 The room whose window faces south is for my grandparents. (先行词是The room，关系代词是whose)  窗户朝南的房间是给我祖父母住的。 I still remember those years when I lived in the country. (先行词是those years，关系副词是when)  我仍然记得我住在乡下的那些岁月。 Is this the reason why he refused our offer？(先行词是the reason，关系副词是why)  这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 6 一、关系代词 引导定语从句的关系代词包括 that，which，who，whom，whose，as。 关系代词有三个作用： 1. 连接主句和从句； 2. 指代被修饰的先行词(这就是“关系代词”的由来)； 3. 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，且与先行词保持数的一致。如： 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 7 关系 代词 代替功能 在从句中充当的成分 例句 who 代替人 主语 This is the boy who won first prize yesterday. 宾语 This is the boy who I met yesterday. whom 代替人 宾语 This is the man whom I met yesterday. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 8 关系 代词 代替功能 在从句中充当的成分 例句 that 代替人 主语 The man that is playing the piano now is a music teacher. 宾语 Is this the man that you met yesterday？ 表语 She is no longer the girl that she used to be. 代替物 主语 The work that has been finished is very important. 宾语 The train that he took was late for an hour. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 9 关系代词 代替功能 在从句中充当的成分 例句 which 代替物 主语 The book which is about London costs 20 yuan. 宾语 The book which I bought yesterday cost 20 yuan. whose 代替人 定语 The girl whose name is Mary is the top student in our class. 代替物 定语 The book whose cover is red is about London. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 10 关系代词 代替功能 在从句中充当的成分 例句 as 代替人 主语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. 代替物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 11 　　当先行词被such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as。 关系代词在从句中充当宾语时通常可以省略(但whom作介词宾语时不可省略)。如： This is the boy (whom) I met yesterday.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 12 ◆用适当的关系代词填空。 1. The man __________you met just now is my old friend.  2. This is the factory __________I visited last year.  3. Let me show you the novel __________I borrowed from the library.  【答案】 1. who/whom/that/不填　2. which/that/不填　 3. which/that/不填　 答案 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 13 4. Have you seen the film Titanic，__________leading actor is world-famous？  5. He is not such a fool __________he looks.  6. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair.  【答案】 4. whose　5. as　6. whose 答案 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 14 二、介词+关系代词(which/whom) 当关系代词用作介词的宾语时，我们可以把介词移到关系代词前面，构成“介词+which/whom”的结构来引导定语从句。如： (1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. = The school in which he once studied is very famous.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 15 (2)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. = We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 16 1. 介词的选用原则 A. 依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配确定 Mr. Smith bought a new house __________which he spent all his money.  (on，spend some money on sth. ) This is the book __________which he paid 8 dollars.  (for，pay some money for sth. ) 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 17 B. 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定 I still remember the day __________which I joined the army.  (on，强调具体某一天用on，I joined the army on the day) I still remember the days __________which I lived there.  (during，强调某几天内用during，I lived there during the days) 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 18 C. 根据所表达的意思确定 The gas __________which we cannot live is called oxygen.  (without，without the gas，we cannot…) 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 19 ◆用适当的介词填空。 1. Who is the man __________whom you shook hands？  2. He works in a factory，__________which there is a river.  3. Give me the book，the cover ______which is red.  4. This is the neighbor __________whom I borrowed the bicycle.  答案 【答案】 1. with　2. near/beside　3. of　4. from 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 20 5. The chair __________which he is sitting is made of wood.  6. The car __________which he paid 210，000 yuan is made in Shanghai.  7. Wang Hong，__________whom I went to the party yesterday，enjoyed herself very much.  8. Tom，__________whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher.  答案 【答案】 5. on　6. for　7. with　8. by 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 21 2. 注意事项 “介词+关系代词”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few等代词、数词或名词。 (1)He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.  (2)There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.  (3)The boat，the name of which is Topsail，is famous.  (4)I bought many books yesterday，three of which are written by Lu Xun.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 三、关系代词that使用的特殊情况 先行词指人或物时，需用关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语时，只能用that的情况： ① 不定代词+that： 如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none，few等不定代词或被 all，little，none，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时，只能用that。如： Everything that we saw was interesting. All the people that are present burst into tears. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 【填空】 I refuse to accept the blame for something __________was someone else’s fault.  答案 【答案】 that　先行词为不定代词something，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 24 ② the+序数词/形容词最高级： 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，只能用that。如： This is the first factory that I visited.  This is the best film that I have ever seen.  ③ the+only/very/last： 如果先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时，只能用that。如： He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” ④ 先行词指人又指物时，只能用that。 The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.  He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.  ⑤ 关系代词作表语时，关系代词只能用that。 He is not the man that he used to be. China isn’t the country that it used to be. 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 限制性定语从句中间无逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句中间有逗号隔开。 2. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的翻译不同。 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，翻译时放在先行词之前，而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系没那么密切，通常翻译成一个分句，对先行词进行补充说明。 如： 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” The boy who is standing in front of the building is my brother. 正站在楼前面的那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥。 The boy，who is standing in front of the building，is my brother. 那个男孩是我弟弟/哥哥，他正站在楼前。 The old man has a son who is in the army. 这个老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。 The old man has a son，who is in the army. 这个老人有一个儿子，他儿子在部队工作。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 3. 非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导。 例1　Students mustn’t smoke in the school，__________is a rule of a school.  解析 答案 【答案】 which 【解析】 which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，从句中明显缺主语，而非限制性定语从句中不能用that。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 29 4. 引导非限制性定语从句的which 与 as。 二者作关系代词引导定语从句时，其先行词既可是整个句子，也可是部分成分，二者在从句中常充当主语或宾语。二者的主要区别如下： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首、句中或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开； 而which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如： Have you ever visited the Great Wall，which attracts thousands of tourists each year？  As everybody knows，Shakespeare is a famous writer.  I am very interested in，as you know，classical music.  He is late for the meeting，as is often the case.  返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” (2)as 有“正如……”“正像……”之意，而which没有。如： As we know/As is known to all/As we all can see众所周知 As is often the case情况常常是这样 As might be imagined可以想象得到 As might be expected正如所预料的那样 As has been pointed out正如所指出的那样 As has been said before/above正如前文所述 As (it) often happens 像往常一样 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 例2　__________ is known to us all，it is important to get along with people around us.  解析 答案 【答案】 As 【解析】 句意：众所周知，与我们周围的人相处是很重要的。as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首。 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 32 巩 固 练 习 生物 33 一、用适当的关系词或“介词+关系代词”填空。 1. Do you know the man __________is talking with your mother？  2. The book ______________I gave you was worth $10.   3. The boy __________________she loved died in the war.   4. A plane is a machine _____________can fly.   5. A child __________parents are dead is called an orphan.   答案 who/that which/that whom/who/that that/which　 whose 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 34 6. I like those books __________topics are about history.   7. The poor man has no house ________________he can live.   8. The beggar has no money ____________he can buy food.   9. Whenever I met her，__________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.   10. _________is known to us，the earth goes around the sun.   11. The film ___________we saw last night is very interesting.   答案 whose in which/where with which which As that/which 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 35 12. Some people __________are successful language learners often fail in other fields.   13. Children __________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.   14. The first place __________they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.   15. They lived in a house ______________was built in 1800.   答案 who/that　 whose that that/which 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 36 16. That is the new machine __________parts are too small to be seen.   17. He is such a clever child __________everyone likes.   18. He was educated at the local high school，_____________ he went on to Beijing University.  19. __________is known to all，China has the largest population in the world.   20. He was late for school，__________was usual for him.   答案 whose as after which As which/as 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 37 21. This is the last train __________will go to Suzhou.  22. I like the second novel __________I read in the summer holidays.   23. All the presents __________your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.  答案 that that that 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 38 二、根据句意在空白处填入相应的“介词+关系代词”。 1. The clever boy made a hole in the wall，_________________ he could see what was happening inside the house. 2. The age __________children can go to school is six.   3. The woman，____________I learned the news，is a nurse.   4. The wolf __________the sheep was killed was shot.   5. This is the reason __________he was late.   答案 through which at which from whom by which for which　 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 39 6. The song，__________we are interested，will be broadcast tonight.   7. He is the hero __________we are proud.   8. The stories about Lei Feng，__________this is one example，are well written.   9. The two things ________________Marx was not too sure were grammar and some idoms.   10. The table __________________________my cat often lies while we are having meals is made of wood.  答案 in which of whom of which about/of which near/under/beside/on which 返回 第一节　关系代词和“介词+关系代词” 40 感谢聆听 41 $