第2章 名词-【高考零起点】2026年新高考英语总复习教用课件（艺考）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“名词”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了名词的种类、数、格、作定语及动词/形容词变名词等核心考点，通过全国卷真题分析明确语法填空词性转换占比达60%的高频考查方向，归纳出单复数变化、不可数名词具体化等常考题型。 课件亮点在于“真题情境训练+考点突破技巧”，如结合2018全国卷Ⅲ“scientist”、2016全国卷Ⅰ“attraction”等真题实例，系统讲解词性转换规则与单复数易错点，培养学生语言运用能力和逻辑分析思维品质。提供“动词变名词词缀表”和“高考真题错题集”，助力学生高效掌握得分技巧，教师可据此精准开展针对性复习。

第二章　名词 生物 1 目 录 ONTENTS C [巩固练习] [知识梳理] 生物 2 知 识 梳 理 生物 3 一、名词的种类 专有名词 普通名词 国名、地名、人名、团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 返回 第二章　名词 4 二、名词的数 1. 可数名词 (1)可数名词变复数的规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加s students，teachers，doctors，tables 以s、x、ch、sh结尾 加es glasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach的复数形式是直接加s，即stomachs 返回 第二章　名词 5 情况 方法 例词 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加es families，babies，armies，bodies 以元音字母+y结尾 加s boys，toys 以f或fe结尾 大都变f或fe为v，再加es thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives 少数加s beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs 返回 第二章　名词 6 情况 方法 例词 以o结尾 通常加s radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos，pianos，photos 有的加es Negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes，mangoes 既可以加es，也可以加s mosquitos(mosquitoes)，volcanos(volcanoes) 返回 第二章　名词 7 (2)可数名词变复数的不规则变化 ①自身有特殊变化的名词 child 孩子→children　　　man 男人→men　　　woman 女人→women tooth 牙→teeth　　　medium 传播媒介→media foot脚； 英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice　　　phenomenon现象→phenomena 返回 第二章　名词 8 ②常见单复数同形的名词 Chinese 中国人　sheep 绵羊　deer鹿　series 一系列　means 方式　works 工厂　fish 鱼 其中fish表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes。 Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill. 有一些鹿正在山下吃草。(deer单复数同形) Every possible means has been tried，but none proves successful. 每一种可能的方式都尝试了，但没有一个证明是成功的。(means单复数同形) 返回 第二章　名词 9 2. 不可数名词 (1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice(建议)，furniture(家具)，fun(乐趣)，information(信息)，news(新闻)，weather(天气)，progress(进步)，wealth(财富)，value(价值)等。 (2)抽象名词通常为不可数名词，但抽象名词常可具体化，具体化后变为与原来意义相关的可数名词，常考的有： 返回 第二章　名词 10 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美； 美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰； 慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 返回 第二章　名词 11 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的人或事物 experience 经验 经历 difficulty 困难 困难的事情 honor 荣誉 带来荣誉的人或事 worry 烦恼 令人烦恼的事 youth 青春； 青年时期 青年 necessity 必要性 必需品 joy 欢乐 令人高兴的事 返回 第二章　名词 12 Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献将一定会使这个事件很成功。 Five hundred youths from all over the country will attend this meeting. 来自全国的五百名青年将参加本次会议。 They are failures as artists，but successes as teachers. 作为艺术家他们是失败者，但作为教师是成功者。 返回 第二章　名词 13 另外，有些抽象名词的复数形式用来表示数量之多，以示强调，如：congratulations，regards，respects，thanks，wishes，apologies，smiles，pities，fears，hopes，kindnesses等。如： I offered my congratulations on her success. 我对她的成功表示了祝贺。 He was in all smiles. 他满脸笑容。 返回 第二章　名词 14 (3)“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance，value，use，significance，help等。如： It’s of no practical use to me. 这对我没什么实际用途。 The work I am doing is not of much value. 我正在做的工作没有很大价值。 返回 第二章　名词 15 3. 表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配 (1)修饰可数名词的量词： many，few，a few，several，a number of，the number of，a great/good many (2)修饰不可数名词的量词： much，too much，little，a little，a large amount of，huge amounts of，a great deal of (3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的量词： some，a lot of，lots of，a plenty of，a quantity of 返回 第二章　名词 16 三、名词作定语 用法 例词 名词作定语时，一般用单数 apple trees，car factories 以man、woman作定语的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式 women doctors，men teachers 一些名词本身以s结尾，作定语时不变 sports meeting，clothes shop 返回 第二章　名词 17 名词作定语，即用一个名词修饰另外一个名词，主要用来说明被修饰名词的物质构成、用途等。 1. 物质构成，如： a steel bridge，paper money 2. 用途，如： a coffee cup 3. 时间，如： an evening paper 4. 地点，如： city life，country life，country music 5. 种类，如： office work 6. 内容，如： body language，the film industry 返回 第二章　名词 18 四、名词的格 1. -’s所有格 (1)用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，表示各自的所属关系时，要分别在并列名词后加’s 或’；表示共有的所属关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间　　　 Tom and Jim’s room 汤姆和吉姆(共有)的房间 返回 第二章　名词 19 (2)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店　　at the teacher’s在老师办公室 返回 第二章　名词 20 2. of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容　　　 the name of the girl over there那边那个女孩的名字 返回 第二章　名词 21 3. 双重所有格 指“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。 a play of Shakespeare’s莎士比亚的一个戏剧　　　 a friend of mine我的一个朋友 返回 第二章　名词 22 五、识记下列动词或形容词的名词形式(语法填空常用) A able— absent— abundant— accept— accomplish— accurate— 答案 ability absence abundance acceptance accomplishment accuracy 返回 第二章　名词 23 act— adapt— add— adjust— admire— admit— advertise— advise— 答案 action adaptation addition adjustment admiration admission advertisement advice 返回 第二章　名词 24 affect— agree— agricultural— allow— amaze— amuse— angry— announce— 答案 affection agreement agriculture allowance amazement amusement anger announcement 返回 第二章　名词 25 anxious— apologize— appear— apply— appoint— appreciate— approve— argue— arrange— 答案 anxiety apology appearance application appointment appreciation approval argument arrangement 返回 第二章　名词 26 arrive— assess— assist— associate— assume— astonish— attend— attract— aware— 答案 arrival assessment assistance association assumption astonishment attendance attraction awareness 返回 第二章　名词 27 B beautiful— believe— blind— brave— busy— 答案 beauty belief blindness bravery business 返回 第二章　名词 28 C careful— cautious— classify— combine— comfortable— commit— communicate— 答案 carefulness caution classification combination comfort commitment communication 返回 第二章　名词 29 compete— competent— complete— conclude— confident— congratulate— considerate/consider— construct— 答案 competition competence completion conclusion confidence congratulation consideration construction 返回 第二章　名词 30 contribute— convenient— correct— crazy— curious— 答案 contribution convenience correction craziness curiosity 返回 第二章　名词 31 D dangerous— dark— decide— decorate— deep— depart— describe— 答案 danger darkness decision decoration depth department description 返回 第二章　名词 32 determine— develop— devote— die/dead— different— difficult— discover— discuss— divide— 答案 determination development devotion death difference difficulty discovery discussion division 返回 第二章　名词 33 E economic— educate— efficient— elegant— embarrass— employ— encourage— 答案 economy education efficiency elegance embarrassment employment encouragement 返回 第二章　名词 34 energetic— equal— equip— erupt— evident— excellent— excite— exist— 答案 energy equality equipment eruption evidence excellence excitement existence 返回 第二章　名词 35 expect— explain— explode— express— extend— 答案 expectation explanation explosion expression extension 返回 第二章　名词 36 F fail— fair— famous— fluent— free— friendly— 答案 failure fairness fame fluency freedom friend/friendship 返回 第二章　名词 37 G graduate— grow— guide— H happy— hard— 答案 graduation growth guidance happiness hardship 返回 第二章　名词 38 harmful— helpful— hesitate— high— hopeful— humorous— hungry— 答案 harm help hesitation height hope humor hunger 返回 第二章　名词 39 I ignorant— ill— important— impress— improve— include— independent— 答案 ignorance illness importance impression improvement inclusion independence 返回 第二章　名词 40 inform— inspire— intelligent— intend— introduce— invent— invite— involve— 答案 information inspiration intelligence intention introduction invention invitation involvement 返回 第二章　名词 41 J judge— K kind— know— 答案 judgement kindness knowledge 返回 第二章　名词 42 L laugh— lazy— long— lucky— 答案 laughter laziness length luck 返回 第二章　名词 43 M magic— manage— marry— merciful— mix— move— 答案 magician management marriage mercy mixture movement 返回 第二章　名词 44 N necessary— O observe— occur— operate— organize— 答案 necessity observation occurrence operation organization 返回 第二章　名词 45 P pack— patient— peaceful— perform— permit— polite— pollute— possess— 答案 package patience peace performance permission politeness pollution possession 返回 第二章　名词 46 possible— practise— prefer— prepare— present— produce— pronounce— protect— punish— 答案 possibility practice preference preparation presentation production pronunciation protection punishment 返回 第二章　名词 47 R real— reasonable— recognize— recover— refer— refuse— 答案 reality reason recognition recovery reference refusal 返回 第二章　名词 48 relieve— require— responsible— retire— revise— rich— 答案 relief requirement responsibility retirement revision richness 返回 第二章　名词 49 S sad— safe— salty— satisfy— scientific— secure— settle— sick— 答案 sadness safety salt satisfaction science security settlement sickness 返回 第二章　名词 50 silent— similar— solve— special— starve— state— strong— succeed— suggest— survive— 答案 silence similarity solution specialist starvation statement strength success suggestion survival 返回 第二章　名词 51 T tend— tragic— transport— treat— true— U ugly— useful— 答案 tendency tragedy transportion treatment truth ugliness use 返回 第二章　名词 52 V valuable— violent— W warm— weak— wealthy— weigh— 答案 value violence warmth weakness wealth weight 返回 第二章　名词 53 wide— wise— Y young— 答案 width wisdom youth 返回 第二章　名词 54 巩 固 练 习 生物 55 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Your _____________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.   2. (2018年全国卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a ____________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.   3. (2016年全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ____________(attract).   答案 performance scientist attraction 返回 第二章　名词 56 4. (2017年全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ____________(educate).   5. Father went to his doctor for ________(advise) about his heart trouble.   6. Facing cut-throat _____________(compete) in all subjects，students must devote as much of their time as possible.   7. Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.   答案 education advice　 competition studies 返回 第二章　名词 57 8. The first underground passenger railway ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above.   9. She was in London and spent her __________(young) in China.   10. (2017年全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several __________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.  答案 crowds youth invitations 返回 第二章　名词 58 11. His __________(curious) made him wonder about clouds.   12. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady __________(grow) of bigger languages.   13. Taking in too much food rich in fat and sugar will easily make you put on __________(weigh).   14. Actually with my ____________(confident) built up，I now turn out to be a great speaker.   答案 curiosity 答案 growth weight confidence 返回 第二章　名词 59 15. Traditionally，there are four major ancient ____________ (invent) that Chinese acknowledge： papermaking，gunpowder，printing and compasses.   16. If your parents see that you have a high sense of ________________(responsible)，they will give you the right to do what you want to do.   17. Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ______________(commit)，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.   答案 inventions responsibility commitment 返回 第二章　名词 60 二、用下列动词或形容词的适当形式填空。 1. The experiment turned out to be a complete ________(fail)，which was unexpected.   2. Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with __________ (patient).   3. People should be aware of environmental issues. So，we organized an activity last weekend to raise people’s _________ (aware) of protecting the environment.   答案 failure patience awareness 返回 第二章　名词 61 4. This change has decreased __________(pollute) in the country’s major lakes.   5. These people have made great _______________(contribute) to China with their work.   6. As far as I am concerned，my __________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.   答案 pollution contributions suggestion 返回 第二章　名词 62 7. This development was only possible with the _____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.   8. What makes the house admirable is their __________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.   9. She took me from a poor，unhappy college student and brought me into her world： a world of smiles，love and __________(warm).   答案 introduction ability warmth 返回 第二章　名词 63 10. Some things looked as if they had not been cared for a long time，but I knew their __________(beautify) was still there beneath their own surface.   11. It is believed that upper-class Victorians in England invented the table tennis in the 1880s，using whatever they could find as __________(equip).   12. Sometimes giving from our need instead of our __________ (abundant) is just what we need to do.   答案 beauty equipment abundance 返回 第二章　名词 64 13. My first ____________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.   14. —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency？ —Well，you know，English is my __________(strong). So I think it is my best choice.   15. You’d better write down the phone number of the restaurant for future ____________ (refer).  答案 impression strength reference 返回 第二章　名词 65 16. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _______________ (competent).   17. I haven’t seen Sarah since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond ____________(recognize).   答案 competence recognition 返回 第二章　名词 66 感谢聆听 67 $