专题03 过去分词作定语+宾补+表语+状语（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期人教版

专题03过去分词作定语+宾补+表语+状语（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 过去分词作定语 知识点02 过去分词作宾补 知识点03 过去分词作表语 知识点04 过去分词作状语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本形式与特征 规则动词：动词原形 + ed；不规则动词：特殊变化（如 written， built， taken）。 特征：表示被动或完成。 • 熟记常考不规则动词的过去分词形式（30个核心词）。 • 准确判断分词与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。 • 积累情感类形容词的固定搭配（be interested in， be excited about）。 1. 情境化：在真实语境中考查分词选择，如阅读理解中推断分词短语的逻辑主语。 2. 综合化：将过去分词融入时态语态（如被动语态、完成时）、非谓语动词整体考查。 3. 写作渗透：书面表达评分标准中明确要求使用非谓语动词，过去分词作定语/状语成为高分亮点。 4. 高频话题：人物情感描写（excited/tired/frightened）、科技产品介绍（designed/developed）、环境问题（polluted/damaged）等语境中集中考查。 2. 与现在分词的区别 • 过去分词：被动 / 完成（bored， frightened） • 现在分词：主动 / 进行（boring， frightening） 3. 情感类形容词 interested/interesting， excited/exciting， tired/tiring 等，用于描述“人的感受”与“事物的性质”。 4. 独立主格结构 Weather permitting 为现在分词；The work done 为过去分词表被动完成。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的过去分词(短语)可以变成定语从句。 The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词the bridge和build构成被动关系) =The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句) 这座10年前建的桥需要修了。 1 把过去分词短语变为定语从句:先选定一个连接词, 先行词是人用who/that,先行词是事物用that/which;再判断从句的时态; 最后用该时态的被动形式。 The guide introduced to us some historic buildings and cultural traditions preserved well here.(将画线部分变为定语从句) 分析: 因为先行词是some historic buildings and cultural traditions, 是物, 连接词应用that/which;再判断从句的时态,是一般现在时,强调事实;最后用一般现在时的被动形式are done。 The guide introduced to us some historic buildings and cultural traditions which are preserved well here. 导游向我们介绍了这里保存完好的一些历史建筑和文化传统。 2 一般来说,及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不含有被动意义,只表示该动作已完成。 the fallen leaves 落叶 (fallen只表示完成) 2. 单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后,可改成定语从句。 Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one. (used是单个过去分词作定语,修饰cars,放在前面) 现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。 I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是过去分词短语作定语,放在名词book的后面) 我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。 有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left (剩余的)、given (所给的)、concerned (有关的)等。 With only five minutes left,we had no choice but to hurry up. 只剩下5分钟了,我们别无选择,只能抓紧时间。 3. 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。 分词种类 语态方面 时态方面 doing(现在分词) 动作是主动的 动作正在进行 done(过去分词) 动作是被动的 动作已经完成 The young man sitting between John and Mary is their Chinese teacher.(sitting表示主动和进行) 那个坐在约翰和玛丽之间的年轻人是他们的中文老师。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.(designed表示被动和完成) 大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程,以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。 4. 过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。 词语 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 将要发生 The building built last year is our teaching building. 去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our teaching building. 现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our teaching building. 下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” 　　　　(make) of glass and aluminium (铝).  即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey 　　　　(influence) by the ancient Silk Road...  2. (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-metre-tall pavilion,　　　　(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  知识点02过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语),如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 We could hear the windows knocked by the rain drops. 我们可以听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。 If you watch long enough,you will see many problems settled in this way. 如果你观察的时间足够长,你会看到很多问题都是这样解决的。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好方法。 He made every effort to get his works recognised. 他尽一切努力使得自己的作品得到了认可。 3. with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。 With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now. (do和宾语work构成被动关系) 所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。 典例 02 (2024·浙江1月卷) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s what they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and 　　　　(disappoint).  知识点03过去分词作表语 　过去分词在句子中作表语时,表示主语所处的状态或感受,常用于系动词be后,还可以用于其他系动词如get、become、grow、remain、sound、turn等后面。 His car was stuck in the mud and couldn’t move on. 他的车陷在泥里不能继续前进了。(表示主语的状态) So moved by the boy was the old man that words failed to convey his emotions. 老人被这个男孩所感动,无法用语言表达他的感情。(表示主语的感受) 1 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。 The window is broken. 窗户是坏的。(过去分词作表语,表示状态) The window was broken by my brother.窗户是被我弟弟打破的。(被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者) 3 过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别。 过去分词作表语,一般是人作主语, 表示人的感受,意为“感到……的”;而现在分词作表语,一般是事或物作主语,通常表示某事/某物是“令人……的”。 They became so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们非常担心, 以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at once. 形势变得如此令人担忧,必须马上采取措施。 典例 03 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He became 　　 　　(interest) in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.  即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was 　　　　(amaze) that he improved after two or three treatments.  2. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked 　　　　(confuse).  知识点03过去分词作状语 　　过去分词在句子中作状语时,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动作发生时的背景或状况,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果等,其逻辑主语通常为句子的主语,且与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、伴随和结果时,可转化为并列分句。 1. 过去分词作时间状语。 Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. (相当于When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.) 当得知母亲生病时,李雷马上赶回了家。 2. 过去分词作原因状语。 So thrilled was she that she couldn’t say a word. (相当于Because she was thrilled,she couldn’t say a word.) 她太激动以至于一句话也说不出来。 3. 过去分词作条件状语。 Given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music. (相当于If he is given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music.) 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导,这个男孩在音乐方面一定会有所成就。 4. 过去分词作让步状语。 Stared at by many classmates,the students were still confident and began their performance. (相当于Although the students were stared at by many classmates,they were still confident and began their performance.) 尽管被许多同学注视着,学生们仍然很有信心,并开始了他们的表演。 5. 过去分词作方式状语。 The old man walked in the park,supported by his wife. (相当于The old man walked in the park,and he was supported by his wife.) 老人在公园里散步,他的妻子扶着他。 6. 过去分词作伴随状语。 The girl sat there,lost in thought. (相当于The girl sat there and she was lost in thought). 女孩坐在那里,陷入深思。 7. 过去分词作结果状语。 The cup fell down to the ground,broken. (相当于The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.) 杯子掉到地上,碎了。 典例 04 (2024·全国甲卷)　　　(bear) just before WWⅡ,my grandmother experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine.  即时检测 1. (2024·全国甲卷) My childhood is quite happy 　　　　(compare) with hers. I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.  易｜错｜点｜拨 1 过去分词表示被动或完成的动作, 现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。 2 过去分词常跟when、while、after、if、unless、although/though、as if等连词一起使用, 修饰谓语动词。 3 不规则动词拼写错误：write → written（误写为 writen），choose → chosen（误写为 choosed）。 4 情感形容词混淆：The movie is bored.（误，应为 boring）；I am interesting in it.（误，应为 interested）。 5 状语从句省略结构误用：Seen from the top 与 Seeing from the top 混淆，忽略主语 the city 是被“看”的。 6 “have + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构理解偏差：I had my hair cut. 不是自己剪，而是“让别人剪”。 7 与谓语动词混淆：在 The window _____ (break) by Tom yesterday. 中误填 broken（缺 was）。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 看到“被……的/已经被……”含义，优先考虑过去分词。 • 判断逻辑主语与分词的关系：主动用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed。 • 情感形容词：人做主语用 -ed，物做主语用 -ing。 • 做分词题时，先找逻辑主语，再判断主被动。 • 区分谓语与非谓语：句子中已有谓语动词时，其他动词需用非谓语形式。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. When the man woke up, he found himself _______ by a group of strangers. A. was surrounded B. surrounding C. surrounded D. to be surrounded 2. The proposal_________by the committee involves_________the retirement age. A. considering; raising B. considered; raising C. to be considered; to raise D. considered; to raise 3.（25-26高一下·广东深圳·期中）When I came into the living room, Grandfather and Father, _________ at the table, _________ chess. A. sat, played B. sitting, playing C. seated, were playing D. seating, played 4. In the library, John found his best friend ________ alone at a desk near the window with his mind ________ into distant memories. A. seated; wandering B. seating; wandering C. sitting; wandered D. sat; wandering 5. Reading materials ________ for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of financial management at a young age. A. having intended B. intended C. intending D. having been intended 6. I will always remember the valuable advice by my head teacher during the class meeting on my first day of senior high. A. given B. giving C. to give D. being given 7. When I want to read, I’d love _________ several hours _________ in my study on the weekends. A. to spend; locked B. spending; locking C. spending; being locked D. to spend; to lock 8. _________ to an ancient wisdom whispered on the wind, Dr. Jane Goodall made the wild her home and her laboratory. A. Drawn B. To draw C. Having drawn D. To be drawn 9. ________ with difficult decisions, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a positive attitude. A. To face B. Facing C. Faced D. Having faced 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ out the next year. A. carried B. carrying C. to carry D. carry 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Even if (invite) to, I won’t go to such a lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures (display) in the museum. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. （24-25高一下·山东济宁·期中）The conductor likes to have his room (decorate) with red lanterns. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. We grew up in the countryside, (surround) by the beauties of nature.(所给词的适当形式填空) 5. （25-26高一上·重庆渝北·期中） (strike) by the beauty of the sunset, he stopped to take a photo. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6. Personal anger and stress are nothing to the real costs socially. (compare) (所给词的适当形式填空) 7. (employ) strategically, the new policy aims to reduce unemployment among young adults. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. (disappoint) just to be given a B, as I was hoping for an A, I went to the teacher asking how my essay could be improved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9. （25-26高二上·山东济宁·期中） (occupy) in preparing for the press conference all day, she couldn’t afford any more time for the party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. （25-26高二上·重庆·期中）The physicians claimed that the herbal therapy (seek) by the parents had no evident effect on preventing children’s psychological disorder. (所给词的适当形式填空) 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）With most of the problems ________, I felt a great weight taken off my mind. A. solving B. to solve C. solved D. being solved 2.（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）________ in composing the new melody, the musician didn’t notice the audience’s applause. A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. Being absorbed D. Having absorbed 3.（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）He found his grandfather and father, ________ on the couch, were watching baseball. A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. having seated 4. （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Jane Goodall had done a secretarial ________ rather than university, and she went to Kenya mostly because from childhood — ________ heavily influenced by her Tarzan books — she had taken a fancy to the natural world. A. cause…being B. cause…/ C. course…being D. course…/ 5. ________ with the old version, the new software runs faster. A. Compared B. To compare C. Comparing D. To be compared 二、语篇填空 （21-22高一下·辽宁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 1 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 2 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 3 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 4 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 5 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 6 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 7 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 8 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 9 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 10 the series were first launched. 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03过去分词作定语+宾补+表语+状语（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 过去分词作定语 知识点02 过去分词作宾补 知识点03 过去分词作表语 知识点04 过去分词作状语 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本形式与特征 规则动词：动词原形 + ed；不规则动词：特殊变化（如 written， built， taken）。 特征：表示被动或完成。 • 熟记常考不规则动词的过去分词形式（30个核心词）。 • 准确判断分词与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。 • 积累情感类形容词的固定搭配（be interested in， be excited about）。 1. 情境化：在真实语境中考查分词选择，如阅读理解中推断分词短语的逻辑主语。 2. 综合化：将过去分词融入时态语态（如被动语态、完成时）、非谓语动词整体考查。 3. 写作渗透：书面表达评分标准中明确要求使用非谓语动词，过去分词作定语/状语成为高分亮点。 4. 高频话题：人物情感描写（excited/tired/frightened）、科技产品介绍（designed/developed）、环境问题（polluted/damaged）等语境中集中考查。 2. 与现在分词的区别 • 过去分词：被动 / 完成（bored， frightened） • 现在分词：主动 / 进行（boring， frightening） 3. 情感类形容词 interested/interesting， excited/exciting， tired/tiring 等，用于描述“人的感受”与“事物的性质”。 4. 独立主格结构 Weather permitting 为现在分词；The work done 为过去分词表被动完成。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。此时的过去分词(短语)可以变成定语从句。 The bridge built ten years ago needs repairing.(名词the bridge和build构成被动关系) =The bridge which was built ten years ago needs repairing.(变为定语从句) 这座10年前建的桥需要修了。 1 把过去分词短语变为定语从句:先选定一个连接词, 先行词是人用who/that,先行词是事物用that/which;再判断从句的时态; 最后用该时态的被动形式。 The guide introduced to us some historic buildings and cultural traditions preserved well here.(将画线部分变为定语从句) 分析: 因为先行词是some historic buildings and cultural traditions, 是物, 连接词应用that/which;再判断从句的时态,是一般现在时,强调事实;最后用一般现在时的被动形式are done。 The guide introduced to us some historic buildings and cultural traditions which are preserved well here. 导游向我们介绍了这里保存完好的一些历史建筑和文化传统。 2 一般来说,及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不含有被动意义,只表示该动作已完成。 the fallen leaves 落叶 (fallen只表示完成) 2. 单个的过去分词作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时,常常置于其所修饰的名词后,可改成定语从句。 Many used cars are on sale now,and you can go to find a good one. (used是单个过去分词作定语,修饰cars,放在前面) 现在很多二手车正在甩卖,你可以去找一辆好的。 I like the book bought on the Internet very much.(bought on the Internet是过去分词短语作定语,放在名词book的后面) 我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。 有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left (剩余的)、given (所给的)、concerned (有关的)等。 With only five minutes left,we had no choice but to hurry up. 只剩下5分钟了,我们别无选择,只能抓紧时间。 3. 过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别。 分词种类 语态方面 时态方面 doing(现在分词) 动作是主动的 动作正在进行 done(过去分词) 动作是被动的 动作已经完成 The young man sitting between John and Mary is their Chinese teacher.(sitting表示主动和进行) 那个坐在约翰和玛丽之间的年轻人是他们的中文老师。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.(designed表示被动和完成) 大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供专门设计的课程,以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。 4. 过去分词、现在分词的被动语态与动词不定式的被动语态作定语的区别。 词语 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 将要发生 The building built last year is our teaching building. 去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our teaching building. 现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our teaching building. 下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。 典例引领·即时检测 典例01 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” 　　　　(make) of glass and aluminium (铝).  【答案】 made 【解析】 考查过去分词作定语。sepals与make之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词作定语。故填made。 即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey 　　　　(influence) by the ancient Silk Road...  【答案】 influenced 【解析】 考查过去分词作定语。a journey与influence之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词作定语。故填influenced。 2. (2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six-metre-tall pavilion,　　　　(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  【答案】 inspired 【解析】 考查过去分词作定语。a six-metre-tall pavilion与inspire之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词作定语。故填inspired。 知识点02过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。 1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语),如feel、hear、listen to、see、watch、observe、look at、notice、find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 We could hear the windows knocked by the rain drops. 我们可以听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。 If you watch long enough,you will see many problems settled in this way. 如果你观察的时间足够长,你会看到很多问题都是这样解决的。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词,如have、make、get、keep、leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一个在短时间内提高她的英语写作水平的好方法。 He made every effort to get his works recognised. 他尽一切努力使得自己的作品得到了认可。 3. with复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系,此结构在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。 With all the work done,I feel very relaxed now. (do和宾语work构成被动关系) 所有的工作都做完了,我现在感到很放松。 典例 02 (2024·浙江1月卷) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s what they’ll promote.But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and 　　　　(disappoint).  【答案】 disappointed 【解析】 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。分析结构可知,此处是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语与宾语补足语构成被动关系,故要用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填disappointed。 知识点03过去分词作表语 　过去分词在句子中作表语时,表示主语所处的状态或感受,常用于系动词be后,还可以用于其他系动词如get、become、grow、remain、sound、turn等后面。 His car was stuck in the mud and couldn’t move on. 他的车陷在泥里不能继续前进了。(表示主语的状态) So moved by the boy was the old man that words failed to convey his emotions. 老人被这个男孩所感动,无法用语言表达他的感情。(表示主语的感受) 1 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。 The window is broken. 窗户是坏的。(过去分词作表语,表示状态) The window was broken by my brother.窗户是被我弟弟打破的。(被动语态,表示主语是动作的承受者) 3 过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别。 过去分词作表语,一般是人作主语, 表示人的感受,意为“感到……的”;而现在分词作表语,一般是事或物作主语,通常表示某事/某物是“令人……的”。 They became so worried that they stayed awake all night. 他们非常担心, 以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 The situation became so worrying that measures should be taken at once. 形势变得如此令人担忧,必须马上采取措施。 典例 03 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He became 　　 　　(interest) in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.  【答案】 interested　 【解析】 考查过去分词作表语。由语境可知,此处是过去分词作表语,接在系动词become之后,表示“感兴趣的”,修饰人,故填interested。 即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was 　　　　(amaze) that he improved after two or three treatments.  【答案】 amazed　 【解析】 考查过去分词作表语。由语境可知,此处是过去分词作表语,接在系动词be之后,表示“吃惊的”,修饰人,故填amazed。 2. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked 　　　　(confuse).  【答案】 confused　 【解析】 考查过去分词作表语。由语境可知,此处是过去分词作表语,接在系动词look之后,表示“困惑的”,修饰人,故填confused。 知识点03过去分词作状语 　　过去分词在句子中作状语时,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动作发生时的背景或状况,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、结果等,其逻辑主语通常为句子的主语,且与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时,可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式、伴随和结果时,可转化为并列分句。 1. 过去分词作时间状语。 Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. (相当于When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.) 当得知母亲生病时,李雷马上赶回了家。 2. 过去分词作原因状语。 So thrilled was she that she couldn’t say a word. (相当于Because she was thrilled,she couldn’t say a word.) 她太激动以至于一句话也说不出来。 3. 过去分词作条件状语。 Given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music. (相当于If he is given enough time and proper guidance,the boy is sure to make achievements in music.) 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导,这个男孩在音乐方面一定会有所成就。 4. 过去分词作让步状语。 Stared at by many classmates,the students were still confident and began their performance. (相当于Although the students were stared at by many classmates,they were still confident and began their performance.) 尽管被许多同学注视着,学生们仍然很有信心,并开始了他们的表演。 5. 过去分词作方式状语。 The old man walked in the park,supported by his wife. (相当于The old man walked in the park,and he was supported by his wife.) 老人在公园里散步,他的妻子扶着他。 6. 过去分词作伴随状语。 The girl sat there,lost in thought. (相当于The girl sat there and she was lost in thought). 女孩坐在那里,陷入深思。 7. 过去分词作结果状语。 The cup fell down to the ground,broken. (相当于The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.) 杯子掉到地上,碎了。 典例 04 (2024·全国甲卷)　　　(bear) just before WWⅡ,my grandmother experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine.  【答案】 Born　 【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。句中my grandmother与bear构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语,位于句首,首字母应大写。be born 意为“出生”。故填Born。 即时检测 1. (2024·全国甲卷) My childhood is quite happy 　　　　(compare) with hers. I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did.  【答案】 compared　 【解析】 考查过去分词作状语。句中My childhood与compare构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语。compare with意为“与……相比”。故填compared。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1 过去分词表示被动或完成的动作, 现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。 2 过去分词常跟when、while、after、if、unless、although/though、as if等连词一起使用, 修饰谓语动词。 3 不规则动词拼写错误：write → written（误写为 writen），choose → chosen（误写为 choosed）。 4 情感形容词混淆：The movie is bored.（误，应为 boring）；I am interesting in it.（误，应为 interested）。 5 状语从句省略结构误用：Seen from the top 与 Seeing from the top 混淆，忽略主语 the city 是被“看”的。 6 “have + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构理解偏差：I had my hair cut. 不是自己剪，而是“让别人剪”。 7 与谓语动词混淆：在 The window _____ (break) by Tom yesterday. 中误填 broken（缺 was）。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 看到“被……的/已经被……”含义，优先考虑过去分词。 • 判断逻辑主语与分词的关系：主动用 -ing，被动/完成用 -ed。 • 情感形容词：人做主语用 -ed，物做主语用 -ing。 • 做分词题时，先找逻辑主语，再判断主被动。 • 区分谓语与非谓语：句子中已有谓语动词时，其他动词需用非谓语形式。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. When the man woke up, he found himself _______ by a group of strangers. A. was surrounded B. surrounding C. surrounded D. to be surrounded 2. The proposal_________by the committee involves_________the retirement age. A. considering; raising B. considered; raising C. to be considered; to raise D. considered; to raise 3.（25-26高一下·广东深圳·期中）When I came into the living room, Grandfather and Father, _________ at the table, _________ chess. A. sat, played B. sitting, playing C. seated, were playing D. seating, played 4. In the library, John found his best friend ________ alone at a desk near the window with his mind ________ into distant memories. A. seated; wandering B. seating; wandering C. sitting; wandered D. sat; wandering 5. Reading materials ________ for children entered schools to help them develop the habit of financial management at a young age. A. having intended B. intended C. intending D. having been intended 6. I will always remember the valuable advice by my head teacher during the class meeting on my first day of senior high. A. given B. giving C. to give D. being given 7. When I want to read, I’d love _________ several hours _________ in my study on the weekends. A. to spend; locked B. spending; locking C. spending; being locked D. to spend; to lock 8. _________ to an ancient wisdom whispered on the wind, Dr. Jane Goodall made the wild her home and her laboratory. A. Drawn B. To draw C. Having drawn D. To be drawn 9. ________ with difficult decisions, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a positive attitude. A. To face B. Facing C. Faced D. Having faced 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ out the next year. A. carried B. carrying C. to carry D. carry 1. 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男人醒来时，发现自己被一群陌生人围着。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，动词surround与宾语himself是被动关系，应使用过去分词形式作宾补。故选C项。 2. 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：委员会考虑的提案涉及提高退休年龄。第一空是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰proposal，动词consider和proposal是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，第二空考查involve doing sth.，固定搭配，意为“涉及到做某事”，故选B。 3. 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：我走进客厅时，祖父和父亲正坐在桌旁下棋。分析句子可知，第一空：句子中 Grandfather and Father 后需要一个词作伴随状语，描述两人的状态。seated 是形容词化的过去分词，意为“坐着的”，常用搭配为be seated，此处省略 be 动词，直接用 seated at the table 作后置定语，修饰主语，符合语法规则。第二空：本句的时间状语是 When I came into the living room（当我走进客厅时），强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，因此主句要用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语 Grandfather and Father 是复数，所以用 were playing。故选C项。 4. 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在图书馆里，约翰发现他最好的朋友独自坐在靠窗的一张桌子旁，思绪徘徊在遥远的回忆中。句中谓语是found，空格处用非谓语动词，friend和seat之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词seated表被动，作宾语补足语；第二空处是with复合结构，mind和wander之间是是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语。故选A。 5. 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：专为儿童设计的阅读材料进入了学校，帮助他们从小养成理财的习惯。分析句子结构可知，entered是谓语。Reading materials与intend是动宾关系，即Reading materials are intended for children，此空需用过去分词intended作后置定语。故选B。 6. 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我将永远铭记高中第一天班会上班主任给我的宝贵建议。本句已有谓语动词remember，所以本空应填非谓语动词。give“给”与逻辑主语advice之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词given，作后置定语，修饰名词advice。故选A。 7. 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我想阅读时，我愿意周末把自己锁在书房里几个小时，度过这段阅读时光。I’d love to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“我愿意做某事”，故第一空用动词不定式to spend。根据I与lock的动宾关系可知，第二空应用过去分词locked。故选A项。 8. 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：受风中低语的古老智慧所吸引，珍・古道尔博士将这片荒野变成了她的家园和实验室。分析句子结构可知，这里考查非谓语，主句主语Dr. Jane Goodall与draw是逻辑上的被动关系，且“被吸引”的动作发生在“把荒野当家和实验室”之前，过去分词Drawn既表被动也表完成，符合语境。故选A项。 9. 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对艰难的决定时，你可能不知道自己是否做出了正确的选择，但你总是可以凭借热情和积极的态度充分利用当下的处境。此处为非谓语动词作状语，be faced with为固定搭配，表示“面对……”，逻辑主语you与face是被动关系，应用过去分词，位于句首，首字大写。故选C项。 10. 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理们讨论了他们希望明年实施的计划。本句是that引导的定语从句，先行词在从句中作see的宾语，carry out作宾语补足语，与宾语plan是动宾关系，即计划被执行，应该用过去分词形式表示被动。故选A项。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. Even if (invite) to, I won’t go to such a lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures (display) in the museum. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. （24-25高一下·山东济宁·期中）The conductor likes to have his room (decorate) with red lanterns. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. We grew up in the countryside, (surround) by the beauties of nature.(所给词的适当形式填空) 5. （25-26高一上·重庆渝北·期中） (strike) by the beauty of the sunset, he stopped to take a photo. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6. Personal anger and stress are nothing to the real costs socially. (compare) (所给词的适当形式填空) 7. (employ) strategically, the new policy aims to reduce unemployment among young adults. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. (disappoint) just to be given a B, as I was hoping for an A, I went to the teacher asking how my essay could be improved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9. （25-26高二上·山东济宁·期中） (occupy) in preparing for the press conference all day, she couldn’t afford any more time for the party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. （25-26高二上·重庆·期中）The physicians claimed that the herbal therapy (seek) by the parents had no evident effect on preventing children’s psychological disorder. (所给词的适当形式填空) 1.【答案】 invited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：即便有人邀请我参加，我也不会去听那样的讲座。此处invite与I构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填invited。 2.【答案】 displayed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但博物馆里展出的来自不同文化的众多精美珍宝让她兴奋不已。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，作后置定语，修饰名词treasures，treasures与display“展示”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填displayed。 3.【答案】 decorated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位指挥家喜欢让他的房间挂上红灯笼。本句使用固定结构“have+宾语+宾补”，其中room和decorate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 4.【答案】 surrounded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们在乡村长大，被大自然的美景环绕。句子已有谓语动词grew up，此处应用非谓语形式。we与surround（环绕）之间是被动关系，即我们被环绕，所以用过去分词surrounded作状语。故填surrounded。 5.【答案】 Struck 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被日落的美景所震撼，他停下来拍了一张照片。本句已有谓语stopped且无连词，动词strike用非谓语形式，逻辑主语he与动词strike是被动关系，strike用过去分词形式struck作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Struck。 6.【答案】 compared 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：个人的愤怒和压力，比起其在社会层面上造成的实际代价，根本不值一提。空格处为非谓语动词，compare与逻辑主语Personal anger and stress之间为被动关系，需用过去分词compared。故填compared。 7.【答案】 Employed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新政策被战略性地实施，旨在降低年轻人的失业率。分析句子可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语是 the new policy（新政策），和employ是被动关系—— 政策是“被实施”的，因此要用过去分词形式Employed。过去分词短语 Employed strategically 在句中作状语，表方式，意为“被战略性地实施”。故填Employed。 8.【答案】 Disappointed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我感到很失望，因为只给了我一个B，而我原本期望的是A，所以我去找老师，询问如何改进我的论文。“(disappoint) just to be given a B”作伴随状语，表示主语“I”的心理状态，用形容词disappointed，意为“失望的，沮丧的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Disappointed。 9.【答案】 Occupied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一整天都忙着准备新闻发布会，她抽不出更多的时间来参加聚会。此处为非谓语动词作状语，occupy与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，作状语，去掉be动词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Occupied。 10.【答案】 sought 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：医生们声称，家长们寻求的草药疗法对预防儿童心理障碍没有明显效果。that引导的宾语从句已有谓语had，动词seek“寻求”用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the herbal therapy与动词seek是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语修饰名词短语the herbal therapy。故填sought。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 单项选择 1.（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）With most of the problems ________, I felt a great weight taken off my mind. A. solving B. to solve C. solved D. being solved 2.（25-26高一上·广东广州·期中）________ in composing the new melody, the musician didn’t notice the audience’s applause. A. Absorbed B. Absorbing C. Being absorbed D. Having absorbed 3.（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）He found his grandfather and father, ________ on the couch, were watching baseball. A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. having seated 4. （25-26高二上·上海·期中）Jane Goodall had done a secretarial ________ rather than university, and she went to Kenya mostly because from childhood — ________ heavily influenced by her Tarzan books — she had taken a fancy to the natural world. A. cause…being B. cause…/ C. course…being D. course…/ 5. ________ with the old version, the new software runs faster. A. Compared B. To compare C. Comparing D. To be compared 1.【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着大部分问题得以解决，我感到心头的重担终于得以卸下。句中使用“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，most of the problems与宾语补足语solve之间为被动关系，故用过去分词solved作宾语补足语。故选C。 2.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在创作新旋律的过程中太过投入，这位音乐家没有注意到观众的掌声。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词absorb与句子的主语the musician之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。C项 “Being absorbed”强调被动进行，但此处只需表示被动状态，无需强调进行时。故选A项。 3.【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现爷爷和爸爸坐在沙发上正在看棒球比赛。seat为及物动词，表示“使坐下”，由谓语动词were watching可知，空处应用其非谓语动词形式；seat与his grandfather and father之间应为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故选B。 4.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析和非谓语动词。简・古道尔没有上大学，而是修读了秘书课程；她前往肯尼亚，主要是因为自童年起就深受《泰山》书籍的影响，对自然界产生了浓厚兴趣。cause“原因”，course“课程”。第一空：根据rather than university可知，此处指文秘课程，名词course符合题意；第二空：逻辑主语childhood和influence是被动关系，用非谓语动词influenced作后置定语修饰childhood，补充说明她童年时期受影响的背景，因此第二空不需要填任何词。故选D。 5.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：与旧版本相比，这款新软件运行得更快。已有谓语动词runs，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，the new software和compare为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式表被动和完成。故选A。 二、语篇填空 （21-22高一下·辽宁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continues, the new high-speed railway line 1 （connect）the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou has just entered service. It cuts the travel time 2 the two from three hours to 47 minutes. But this isn’t just another bullet train. This beauty, part of China’s Fuxing series, can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, 3 （say）to be the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So what makes them “smart”? Well, the carriages 4 （equip）with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational abnormalities. Meanwhile, each individual seat has 5 （it）own touch-screen control panel and wireless charging docks. Though the high-speed trains on the route are autonomous, 6 monitoring driver will be on board at all times. The trains can 7 （automatic）start, stop and adjust to the different speed 8 （limit）between stations. Back at the station, robots and facial recognition technologies can help passengers with directions, luggage and paperless check-ins. Today, China is home to the world’s largest high-speed rail network, and the 9 （fast）commercially operating train—the Shanghai maglev. According to the China State Railway Group, 1,036 Fuxing bullet trains have been put into operation since 2017, 10 the series were first launched. 1．connecting 2．between 3．said 4．are equipped 5．its 6．a 7．automatically 8．limits 9．fastest 10．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。 1．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。 2．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。 3．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语This beauty, part of China'sFuxing series之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。 4．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配be equipped with意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填are equipped。 5．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 6．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。 7．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。 8．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。 10．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。 6 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $