精品解析：广东佛山顺德区2026年下学期普通高中教学质量检测（二）英语试题

2026年顺德区普通高中教学质量检测（二） 英语 共8页，满分120分，用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，请务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡对应题目后面的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案写在试卷上无效。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Family travelers have become essential to the future of sustainable and regenerative travel. Sustainable travel focuses on reducing harm done by tourism activities, while regenerative travel aims to have a net positive impact on a destination. Family travel offers powerful teaching moments, exposing children to global issues and inspiring them to become environmental advocates. Here are four inspiring examples. Borneo Family Holiday This trip is created with even the youngest travelers in mind, offering a hands-on marine conservation activity — coral replanting — that’s open to kids as young as five. Families learn about marine biodiversity and coral repair. It also includes exploring a monkey center and even an immersive overnight stay in the jungle. Bali Global Classroom Adventure The trip includes a series of learning moments, followed by regenerative travel activities. For instance, participants learn about how one local community shifted from destroying marine life to protecting and nurturing it, after which there’s a chance to participate in service projects focused on preserving the health of the ocean. Peru Family Adventure This trip features a heightened focus on actively engaging with local people and business, in order to help support a sustainable future. Travelers visit a local weaving (纺织) co-op to meet the women workers and learn about traditional weaving methods, thus supporting the survival of local business and cultural traditions. Costa Rica Adventure Holiday Families witness the relationship between nature and local communities, support local economies through visits with handicraft sellers, and protect biodiversity through nature reserve visits. The trip reduces the carbon footprint by staying in sustainable family-run hotels. 1. Which trip offers kids a chance to stay one night in the jungle? A. Borneo Family Holiday. B. Bali Global Classroom Adventure. C. Peru Family Adventure. D. Costa Rica Adventure Holiday. 2. What is the main focus of the “Peru Family Adventure” trip? A. Exploring tourist attractions. B. Supporting local business. C. Selling handmade crafts to tourists. D. Teaching locals how to weave. 3. What is a common goal of the four trips? A. To provide affordable travel options. B. To teach children survival skills. C. To offer money-saving travel tips. D. To educate through sustainable travel. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了四个适合家庭的可持续旅行项目，通过环保与文化体验让孩子了解自然与社会，践行可持续旅行理念。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Borneo Family Holiday部分中“It also includes exploring a monkey center and even an immersive overnight stay in the jungle.(它还包括探索猴子中心，甚至在丛林中沉浸式过夜。)”可知，婆罗洲家庭度假之旅为孩子提供在丛林过夜的机会。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Peru Family Adventure部分中“This trip features a heightened focus on actively engaging with local people and business, in order to help support a sustainable future.(这次旅行的重点是积极与当地人民和企业互动，以助力支持可持续的未来。)”可知，秘鲁家庭冒险之旅主要致力于支持当地企业。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Family travel offers powerful teaching moments, exposing children to global issues and inspiring them to become environmental advocates.(家庭旅行提供了极具意义的教育机会，让孩子们接触全球性问题，并激励他们成为环保倡导者。)”可知，这四个旅行项目的共同目标是通过可持续旅行进行教育。故选D项。 B Growing up on Long Island, Caitlin Noonan learned to be cautious about the water she drank. “Where I lived, all of our drinking water came from underground water sources. That meant any chemicals or pollutants outside could easily find their way into the water supply,” she explained. She was always using a water filter (过滤器), always worried about what might be in the tap. This early experience shaped her academic path and kickstarted her future as an environmental problem-solver. Now a senior in chemical engineering, Noonan is turning concern into action. She leads a project aimed at exploring how waste food can be transformed into a material capable of removing carbon dioxide (CO₂). With help from UConn Dining Services, Noonan gathered about 10 pounds of food waste from dining halls and brought it to her lab. She ground and dried the waste into powder, which then underwent slow pyrolysis — a high-heat process without oxygen. This process produced biochar (生物炭), a carbon-rich, sponge-like material, along with other byproducts. Noonan focused on biochar, which can be tuned to absorb CO₂. To enhance its effectiveness, she applied steam activation at 900°C, creating a structure ideal for trapping CO₂ molecules (分子). The final product is a reusable, dark, sponge-like powder that can safely return to the environment as a soil enhancer. Unlike chemical adsorbents, it remains stable in soil for centuries, supporting plant growth. Noonan has won the top scholarship for undergraduates in math, natural sciences and engineering. “What truly distinguishes Noonan is her remarkable independent thinking,” says Julia Valla, her research advisor. “Unlike most undergraduate researchers who require significant guidance, Noonan consistently challenges me with new ideas and approaches to our work on CO₂ capture. In my experience, the students who challenge their advisors rather than simply following directions are the ones who ultimately reshape their fields.” In addition to her research, Noonan also serves as a teaching assistant and plans to pursue a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, focusing on carbon capture. Her long-term goal is to continue transformative environmental research. “Through my work, I want to make a measurable and positive impact on the planet,” she said. 4. What can we infer about Noonan from paragraph 1? A. She was worried about public health. B. She ignored the quality of drinking water. C. She avoided drinking underground water. D. She developed early environmental awareness. 5. What is the main focus of paragraph 3? A. The equipment used in Noonan’s lab. B. The process of Noonan’s experiment. C. The motivation for Noonan’s research. D. The difficulty Noonan faced in the experiment. 6. What makes Noonan stand out, according to Julia Valla? A. Her need for constant guidance. B. Her willingness to question her advisor. C. Her poor relationship with her advisor. D. Her focus on following traditional methods. 7. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Emission Fighter: From Food Waste to Solution. B. Waste Management: A New Hope for Global Pollution. C. Growing Story: The Daily Life of a Chemical Student. D. Waste to Wonder: University Dining Halls’ Recycling Program. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述 Caitlin 因儿时饮水担忧萌生环保意识，研发将餐厨垃圾制成生物炭吸附二氧化碳，科研出众，立志深耕碳捕捉造福地球。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This early experience shaped her academic path and kickstarted her future as an environmental problem-solver.(这段早期的经历塑造了她的学术道路，并开启了她日后成为环境问题解决者的生涯)”可知，诺南很早就具备了环境意识，故选D。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“With help from UConn Dining Services, Noonan gathered about 10 pounds of food waste from dining halls and brought it to her lab. She ground and dried the waste into powder, which then underwent slow pyrolysis — a high-heat process without oxygen. This process produced biochar (生物炭), a carbon-rich, sponge-like material, along with other byproducts. Noonan focused on biochar, which can be tuned to absorb CO₂. To enhance its effectiveness, she applied steam activation at 900°C, creating a structure ideal for trapping CO₂ molecules (分子).(在康涅狄格大学餐饮服务中心的协助下，努南从食堂收集了约10磅餐厨垃圾并带回实验室。她将垃圾研磨、烘干制成粉末，随后对其进行慢速热解——一种无氧高温处理工艺。该过程会产出富含碳、质地多孔海绵状的生物炭及其他副产品。努南重点研究可调控吸附二氧化碳性能的生物炭，为提升吸附效果，她采用900摄氏度蒸汽活化工艺，打造出极易捕捉二氧化碳分子的结构)”可知，第三段的主要内容是诺南实验的过程。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段““What truly distinguishes Noonan is her remarkable independent thinking,” says Julia Valla, her research advisor. “Unlike most undergraduate researchers who require significant guidance, Noonan consistently challenges me with new ideas and approaches to our work on CO₂ capture. In my experience, the students who challenge their advisors rather than simply following directions are the ones who ultimately reshape their fields.(“诺南的独特之处在于她出色的独立思考能力，”她的导师朱莉娅·瓦拉说道。“与大多数需要大量指导的本科生研究人员不同，诺南总是以新的想法和方法向我提出挑战。以我的经验来看，那些勇于挑战导师、而不仅仅是服从指令的学生，最终往往能推动他们所在领域的变革。”)”可知，根据朱莉娅·瓦拉的说法，诺南的独特之处在于她敢于质疑她的导师。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now a senior in chemical engineering, Noonan is turning concern into action. She leads a project aimed at exploring how waste food can be transformed into a material capable of removing carbon dioxide (CO₂).(如今，诺南已是一名化学工程专业的高年级学生了。她将关注转化为行动，领导了一个旨在研究如何将废弃食物转化为能够去除二氧化碳（CO₂）的材料的项目)”结合本文讲述 Caitlin 因儿时饮水担忧萌生环保意识，研发将餐厨垃圾制成生物炭吸附二氧化碳，科研出众，立志深耕碳捕捉造福地球。可知，A选项“减排斗士：从食物废弃物到解决方案”最符合文章标题。故选A。 C Going for a walk with Professor Shane O’Mara is a risky business. The brain scientist is so passionate about walking that he is determined not to let anything make him pause. “One of life’s great horrors as you’re walking is waiting for permission to cross the street,” he tells me, when we stop for traffic. I’m not in a position to challenge this. O’Mara speaks not only through personal experience, but from scientific data — walking makes us healthier, happier and brainier. We are wandering the streets discussing O’Mara’s new book, In Praise of Walking, but our chat is unpredictable: he seems to be talking about science, nature, architecture and literature. He favours what he calls a “motor-centric” view of the brain — that brain evolved to support movement, and therefore, if we stop moving, brain won’t work as well. I witnessed the brain-healing effects of walking when my husband was recovering from a brain injury. During our evening walks, his words started to make more sense and conversation flowed easily. O’Mara nods his head in agreement. “You’re walking rhythmically, and there are all sorts of rhythms happening in the brain. They’re absent when you’re sitting,” he says. Some people, I point out, don’t consider walking as proper exercise. “This is a terrible mistake,” he says. “What we need to be is much more generally active. And often, people spend an hour at the gym but don’t move much for the rest of the day. This doesn’t cut it.” O’Mara adds, “As we’re walking, you’re still alive, breathing, and your heart is beating. You’re putting one foot in front of the other, and we’re talking. Plus, I’m checking out the area, admiring the architecture, and watching people. All of these are going on all the time. Robots can’t do this. Getting a robot to cross the road is really hard. Whereas for our brains, evolution has been solving this problem, for the past 400 million years.” 8. What does the writer mention when describing her opinion of O’Mara? A. She is amused by one of his habits. B. His cleverness makes her feel nervous. C. She feels impressed by his walking speed. D. She feels unqualified to question what he says. 9. What can we learn about O’Mara in paragraph 2? A. He constantly changes the conversation topic. B. He has views that someone disagrees with. C. He begins walking in order to prove a theory. D. He is now doing research for a future book. 10. What does the underlined sentence “This doesn’t cut it” mean in paragraph 4? A. This is unrealistic for most people. B. This doesn’t sound very attractive. C. This fails to achieve the desired result. D. This fails to distinguish between two choices. 11. In the final paragraph, O’Mara suggests that the act of walking ______ A. can improve people’s leadership. B. can be reproduced by technology. C. results from adaptation over time. D. encourages people to cooperate. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文通过与行走科学专家O’Mara的交流，介绍行走有益身心健康与大脑运作，是长期进化形成的独特能力。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not in a position to challenge this. O’Mara speaks not only through personal experience, but from scientific data — walking makes us healthier, happier and brainier.(我无权对此提出质疑。O’Mara不仅依据个人经历，更基于科学数据指出 —— 步行能让我们更健康、更快乐、也更聪明。)”可知，作者觉得自己没有资格质疑O’Mara所说的话。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“We are wandering the streets discussing O’Mara’s new book, In Praise of Walking, but our chat is unpredictable: he seems to be talking about science, nature, architecture and literature. (我们漫步在街头，讨论着 O’Mara的新书《In Praise of Walking》，但我们的聊天内容天马行空：他仿佛同时在谈论科学、自然、建筑与文学。)”可知，O'Mara不断变换谈话话题。故选A项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“And often, people spend an hour at the gym but don’t move much for the rest of the day. This doesn’t cut it.”(而且经常，人们在健身房待一小时，但当天其余时间很少活动， This doesn’t cut it.)”可知，这里指人们只在健身房练习一个小时而其它时间很少锻炼，没有获得足够运动量，所以这句话表示无法达到预期效果。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Robots can’t do this. Getting a robot to cross the road is really hard. Whereas for our brains, evolution has been solving this problem, for the past 400 million years.(机器人做不到这一点。要让机器人过马路极其困难。而对我们的大脑来说，在过去4亿年的进化过程中，早已解决了这个问题。)”可知，行走是长期适应演化的结果。故选C项。 D When a judge is deciding whether someone is telling the truth — or when we’re deciding what to wear based on a look out the window — we are judging the value of evidence. This complex ability has long believed to be uniquely human. However, a recent study in Science shows that one of our closest living relatives, chimps, can also weigh the evidence to make decisions. In a series of experiments, researchers tested chimps at the Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary to see how the animals handled different evidence. In the first test, a researcher showed the chimps two boxes. Box1 had strong evidence: a glass panel allowed the chimps to clearly see the apple inside. Box2 provided weaker evidence: There was no glass panel, but something (a wooden ball) inside it rattled (咯咯作响) when shaken. The chimps who saw Box1 first chose that box and stuck with it when given the option to switch to Box2. However, the chimps who got the rattling box first switched their decisions once they saw the stronger evidence in Box1. Most impressively, the chimps even revised their beliefs when earlier evidence was misleading. If they heard something bouncing in Box1, they would expect an apple based on previous experience. However, when the experimenter pulled out a stone, the chimps would immediately choose Box2. “None of us thought they could do it because it’s just so complex,” says Jan Engelmann, a psychologist. Experts note that this is the first to show that chimps can both weigh evidence to form their beliefs and revise those beliefs. The findings break new ground on the “major issue” of whether humans are unique in this complex ability. “It’s super exciting to recognize that we’re sharing the planet with other highly intelligent beings,” says Kristin Andrews, a philosopher who studies animal cognition. The next step, scientists hope to test similar skills in other species, such as bonobos and dogs, to better understand how rational (理性) thinking evolved. As Charles Darwin predicted over 150 years ago, human intelligence may simply be an extension of capacities found across the animal kingdom. As Hare also puts it, there’s no need to search the stars for intelligence. We already know we’re not alone. There are beings here on Earth considering the world in a way that we think of as rational. 12. What is the passage mainly about? A. How chimps learn from daily experience. B. The evolutionary history of human intelligence. C. An experiment showing chimps’ rational thinking. D. How chimps differ from humans in decision-making. 13. What did the chimpanzees do in the experiment in paragraph 2? A. They refused to make a second choice. B. They randomly selected between the two boxes. C. They kept their choice even after seeing the apple. D. They changed their choice after seeing stronger evidence. 14. What is the experts’ attitude toward the findings? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Impressed. D. Concerned. 15. What does the author intend to show by quoting Darwin? A. Rational thinking evolved across species. B. Human intelligence developed independently. C. Modern science has replaced Darwin’s theory. D. It is important to search for intelligence in space. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项科学实验，证明黑猩猩能够权衡证据并修正判断，展现出理性思考能力，打破了人类独有的认知。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“However, a recent study in Science shows that one of our closest living relatives, chimps, can also weigh the evidence to make decisions.(然而，《科学》杂志近期的一项研究表明，与人类亲缘关系最近的黑猩猩也能权衡证据做出决定。)”可知，文章主要介绍一项展示黑猩猩理性思维的实验。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, the chimps who got the rattling box first switched their decisions once they saw the stronger evidence in Box1.(然而，先看到摇晃发声盒子的黑猩猩在看到1号盒子里更有力的证据后，改变了它们的决定。)”可知，黑猩猩在看到更有力的证据后改变了选择。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“None of us thought they could do it because it’s just so complex,(我们没人想到它们能做到，因为这个过程非常复杂，)”以及“It’s super exciting to recognize that we’re sharing the planet with other highly intelligent beings,(意识到我们与其他高智慧生物共享这个星球，这令人无比激动，)”可知，专家们对这一发现印象深刻且感到惊叹。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The next step, scientists hope to test similar skills in other species, such as bonobos and dogs, to better understand how rational (理性) thinking evolved. As Charles Darwin predicted over 150 years ago, human intelligence may simply be an extension of capacities found across the animal kingdom.(科学家们希望下一步在倭黑猩猩、狗等其他物种身上测试类似技能，以便更好地理解理性思维是如何进化的。正如150多年前查尔斯・达尔文所预测的那样，人类智力或许只是动物界普遍存在的各种能力的一种延伸。)”可知，作者引用达尔文的观点是为了说明理性思维在不同物种间逐步进化而来。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。 I was 22 and on a family holiday when it first happened. As we walked along the beach, I saw a blue glass on the shore. I realized there was something inside it. I was so excited! I’d always dreamed of finding a message in a bottle and my hands were shaking as I opened it. The bottle had been dropped eight months earlier by a couple on a cruise. It wasn’t a treasure map or a cry for help from a deserted island, but this bottle had survived its journey across the Atlantic — and I’d found it. ____16____ I emailed the senders as soon as I returned to the hotel. They were happy to know someone had got their message, though perhaps a little disappointed it had been found so soon. For me, however, it was a profound experience. ____17____ I began spending all my spare time looking for more bottles. Since that holiday, I’ve found over 80 messages in bottles, mostly on the Turks and Caicos Islands, often called a “magnet for floating objects.” Bottles have been washing up there since the 1800s. I’ve found messages from senders in North America, Europe and Asia. ____18____ I’ve also found artwork, business cards, even money. I try to contact the senders if I can. ____19____ And I often get help through my blog and web page. Last summer, I travelled to Germany to meet a travel agent whose message I found back in 2011. By then, the message had been badly damaged, and I could only read a letterhead and her name. I tried to find her for four years before posting on social media. Within a day, I tracked her down. ____20____ We’ve been brought together entirely by chance and might have nothing in common. So you may think these encounters could be awkward, although that hasn’t happened so far. People who send messages in bottles are usually adventurous and just as excited to meet as I am. A. It became my passion. B. It felt like a miracle to me. C. Many people forget the messages. D. It’s not just messages inside either. E. It’s a strange experience when I meet a sender. F. The Internet has made this much easier than before. G. Once you know how to collect properly, you find better ones. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海边偶然发现一个漂流瓶后，对寻找漂流瓶产生浓厚兴趣，并在此过程中与世界各地寄送漂流瓶的人们建立了奇妙的联系。 【16题详解】 上文“The bottle had been dropped eight months earlier by a couple on a cruise. It wasn’t a treasure map or a cry for help from a deserted island, but this bottle had survived its journey across the Atlantic — and I’d found it. (这个瓶子是八个月前一对夫妇在游轮上丢下的。它不是藏宝图，也不是荒岛上的求救信号，但这个瓶子穿越了大西洋幸存下来——而我找到了它)”描述了漂流瓶的来源及其跨越海洋的非凡旅程。B选项“It felt like a miracle to me. (对我来说这感觉像个奇迹)”承接上文，用“It”指代上文的“发现这个漂流瓶”这一经历，表达了作者对这一奇妙相遇的惊叹之情。故选B项。 【17题详解】 上文“For me, however, it was a profound experience. (然而，对我来说，这是一次深刻的经历)”指出这次发现对作者意义重大。A选项“It became my passion. (它成了我的热爱)”承接上文，用“It”指代上文的“finding a message in a bottle”这一事情，点明这次经历让作者将寻找漂流瓶变成了自己的热爱。下文“I began spending all my spare time looking for more bottles. (我开始把所有空闲时间都用来寻找更多的瓶子)”则描述了作者为此投入大量时间的具体表现，与A选项形成“热爱—行动”的逻辑关系。故选A项。 【18题详解】 上文“Bottles have been washing up there since the 1800s. I’ve found messages from senders in North America, Europe and Asia. (自19世纪以来，瓶子就一直被冲上那里的海岸。我找到过来自北美、欧洲和亚洲寄信人的信息)”描述了作者找到的漂流瓶中的信件。D选项“It’s not just messages inside either. (里面也不只有信件)”承接上文，指出漂流瓶中的内容比信件更丰富。下文“I’ve also found artwork, business cards, even money. (我还发现过艺术品、名片，甚至钱)”则具体列举了信件之外的其他物品，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 【19题详解】 上文“I try to contact the senders if I can. (如果可能的话，我会尝试联系寄信人)”描述了作者联系寄信人的意愿。F选项“The Internet has made this much easier than before. (互联网让这件事比过去容易多了)”承接上文，用“The Internet”解释了作者能够顺利联系寄信人的原因——网络技术的便利。下文“And I often get help through my blog and web page. (我经常通过我的博客和网页获得帮助)”则具体介绍了作者利用互联网联系寄信人的方式，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【20题详解】 下文“We’ve been brought together entirely by chance and might have nothing in common. So you may think these encounters could be awkward, although that hasn’t happened so far. (我们完全是偶然被联系在一起的，可能毫无共同之处。所以你可能会觉得这些相遇会很尴尬，尽管到目前为止还没有发生过)”描述了作者与寄信人相遇时的特殊情况——偶然相遇、可能毫无共同之处，并指出这种相遇看似尴尬却并非如此。E选项“It’s a strange experience when I meet a sender. (当我和寄信人见面时，这是一种奇特的经历)”作为本段首句，用“strange”概括了下文所描述的“偶然相遇、可能无共同点”的奇特之处，起到总领全段的作用。故选E项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this ____21____ spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and ____22____ to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. ____23____, six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the ____24____ of which was to ____25____ information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what ____26____ on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day ____27____ the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s ____28____, like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved ____29____ heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to ____30____ field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The ____31____ were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the ____32____ that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and ____33____ a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the ____34____ space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable ____35____ on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 21. A. uncertain B. unimportant C. unnecessary D. unlikely 22. A. vital B. linked C. similar D. beneficial 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Still 24. A. cause B. objective C. result D. challenge 25. A. send B. store C. change D. download 26. A. weather B. water C. life D. volcanoes 27. A. inhabit B. pollute C. picture D. map 28. A. skills B. fortunes C. tools D. luxuries 29. A. protecting B. locating C. carrying D. wearing 30. A. keep an eye on B. carry out C. break off D. call off 31. A. shelters B. rocks C. caves D. domes 32. A. relief B. excitement C. fear D. peace 33. A. decorated B. built C. destroyed D. found 34. A. harmful B. random C. mysterious D. unexpected 35. A. limitations B. pressure C. influence D. control 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unimportant不重要的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“Mauna Loa is among the world’s most active volcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A. vital至关重要的；B. linked相关的；C. similar相似的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Still仍然。根据前文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”描述Mauna Loa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. cause原因；B. objective目的；C. result结果；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“to study what life on Mars would be like”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. send发送；B. store储存，收集；C. change改变；D. download下载。根据后文“how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A. weather天气；B. water水源；C. life生活；D. volcanoes火山。根据后文“how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A. inhabit居住；B. pollute污染；C. picture想象；D. map绘制地图。根据前文“space mission to Mars”可知，这里指研究对象是未来将居住火星的探险者，inhabit符合语境。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星环境恶劣，所以六人必须在没有许多生活奢享品的条件下生活，比如新鲜水果和无限供水。A. skills技能；B. fortunes财富；C. tools工具；D. luxuries奢享品。根据后文“fresh fruit and unlimited water”以及常识可知，这些在太空中属于稀缺奢享品。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开栖息地需要穿上与为火星宇航员设计的宇航服类似的厚重防护服，并在“气闸舱”内等候5分钟，以模拟气压下降的过程。A. protecting保护；B. locating定位；C. carrying携带；D. wearing穿着。根据后文“heavy suits”以及语境可知，这里指穿戴厚重防护服。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每周只离开圆顶屋一次，去执行火星任务期间会进行的实地研究。A. keep an eye on留意；B. carry out执行；C. break off中断；D. call off取消。根据后文“field studies that would happen during a Mars mission”以及语境可知，这里指开展地研究的任务，carry out符合语境。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些洞穴是特别吸引人的目的地。A. shelters庇护所；B. rocks岩石；C. caves洞穴；D. domes圆顶屋。根据后文“her crew explored more than 100 caves”可知，这里指洞穴很吸引人，caves是原词复现。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个特别洞穴里，她详细描述了探索指状岩层所带来的兴奋感。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement兴奋；C. fear恐惧；D. peace平静。根据前文“ 　　　 were a particularly attractive destination”可知，这里指探索她带来了兴奋。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们更仔细地检查了岩石，并找到了一个适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。A. decorated装饰；B. built建造；C. destroyed破坏；D. found找到。根据后文“a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation”以及语境可知，这里指发现了适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，这种熔岩管有望为宇航员提供庇护，躲避太阳风暴期间有害的太空辐射。A. harmful有害的；B. random随机的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. unexpected意外的。根据后文“space radiation during a solar storm”以及常识可知，辐射是有害的，harmful符合语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究结果预计会对未来派遣宇航员执行火星任务的决策产生重大影响。A. limitations限制；B. pressure压力；C. influence影响；D. control控制。根据前文“to 　　　 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts.”描述实验目的是为火星任务提供依据可知，所以这里指结果会影响决策，influence符合语境。故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，总分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Esther Oyetunji, becoming the first three-time National Speech and Debate champion marks just how far she has come. Her journey is filmed in a new documentary ____36____ (title) “Speak”, which reveals how speech and debate competitions help create future leaders. The documentary follows students competing in the contest, ____37____ competitors deliver 10-minute speeches attempting ____38____ (convince) audiences about problems needing solutions. “The power of speech and debate is that there’re so many different ____39____ (perspective) and life stories, and that’s why listening is my favorite part,” said Oyetunji, whose speeches have addressed childhood poverty and ____40____ (violent) in schools. The competition teaches students life skills beyond public speaking. “Speech helps people learn how to argue for myself and others, how to tell stories ____41____ (honest) and ethically,” Oyetunji said. “Those are skills you can’t learn anywhere else.” Fellow competitor Schaefer agreed. “Doing speech in high school really prepares you ____42____ everything, whether it’s a job interview or communicating with others when you are feeling uncomfortable.” The competitive atmosphere with the nation’s top speech students ____43____ (create) both pressure and growth opportunities. “Probably one of the greatest lessons they all learn is how to lose and how to have their thoughts ____44____ (challenge),” said Scott Wunn, who runs the National Speech and Debate Association. “It’s pretty cutthroat, but also pretty awesome. This is _____45_____ pathway to train people for leadership.” 【答案】36. titled 37. where 38. to convince 39. perspectives 40. violence 41. honestly 42. for 43. creates 44. challenged 45. a 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一部名为《发言》的新纪录片，阐述了演讲和辩论比赛如何帮助塑造未来的领导者，以及这些比赛对学生个人技能发展的积极影响。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她的旅程被拍摄成一部名为《发言》的新纪录片，该纪录片揭示了演讲和辩论比赛如何帮助创造未来的领导者。“(title) “Speak””作后置定语，title(给……命名)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语documentary之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填titled。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这部纪录片跟踪拍摄了参加比赛的学生，在比赛中选手们发表10分钟的演讲，试图说服观众需要解决一些问题。“_____ competitors deliver 10-minute speeches attempting _____ (convince) audiences about problems needing solutions”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词contest，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在这些比赛中”，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这部纪录片跟踪拍摄了参加比赛的学生，在比赛中选手们发表10分钟的演讲，试图说服观众需要解决一些问题。attempt to do...是固定搭配，意为“试图做……”，用不定式作宾语。故填to convince。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：Oyetunji说：“演讲和辩论的力量在于有如此多不同的观点和生活故事，这就是为什么倾听是我最喜欢的部分。”，他的演讲涉及儿童贫困和校园暴力问题。可数名词perspectives作表语，意为“观点”，且由many different修饰，应用复数形式perspectives。故填perspectives。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：Oyetunji说：“演讲和辩论的力量在于有如此多不同的观点和生活故事，这就是为什么倾听是我最喜欢的部分。”，他的演讲涉及儿童贫困和校园暴力问题。提示词与名词poverty是并列关系，作宾语，应用名词形式violence，意为“暴力”，不可数名词。故填violence。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：Oyetunji说：“演讲帮助人们学习如何为自己和他人辩护，如何诚实和合乎道德地讲故事。”提示词修饰动词tell，应用副词honestly作状语，意为“诚实地”。故填honestly。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：在高中做演讲确实能让你为一切做好准备，无论是工作面试还是在感到不舒服时与他人交流。prepare sb. for...是固定搭配，意为“让某人为……做好准备”。故填for。 【43题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与全国顶尖的演讲学生竞争的氛围既带来了压力，也带来了成长的机会。create(创造)是谓语动词，与主语atmosphere之间是主动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，又因主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填creates。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：国家演讲与辩论协会负责人Scott Wunn说:“他们学到的最重要的一课可能是如何面对失败，以及如何让自己的想法受到挑战。”challenge(挑战)作宾语补足语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语thoughts之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填challenged。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这是培养领导力的一种途径。pathway(途径)是可数名词单数，泛指“一种……途径”，且pathway发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你在校园论坛看到你校英语交换生Michael想寻找本地寄宿家庭。你家愿意接待，请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍家庭情况； 2.询问对方期待。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Michael, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Michael, I am Li Hua. Having seen your post on the campus forum about seeking a local host family, I would like to extend an invitation to you to stay with my family. We are a welcoming family of four. My parents are both professionals, and I have one younger brother who is in high school. You will have a private room with modern amenities, ensuring a comfortable stay. We all speak English well, so communication won’t be a problem. Could you kindly let me know what you are expecting from a host family? We would love to ensure your stay is enjoyable. Looking forward to hearing from you soon! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英语交换生Michael写一封电子邮件，介绍自己家庭情况并询问对方期待。 【详解】1.词汇积累 看见：see→spot 好客的：welcoming→hospitable 确保：ensure→guarantee 问题：problem→issue 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：We are a welcoming family of four. 拓展句：We are a welcoming family that has four members. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Having seen your post on the International Student Forum about seeking a local host family, I would like to extend an invitation to you to stay with my family.（运用了现在分词的完成式作状语） 【高分句型2】My parents are both professionals, and I have one younger brother who is in high school.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. I was never tidy. For years, I would excuse my mess as a sign of creative genius. Yet, when I arrived at senior high, I hadn’t come up with any impressive reasons for my big mess. And my roommate, Kim, did not seem to appreciate their contribution to my bright future. From the very first day, it was clear that we were opposites. Kim was extremely organized. She labeled everything, and every item she owned had a place — and more impressively, it always stayed there. However, my table was a mess. My pencil holder was always filled with junk — paper, broken rubber and random things. There was maybe one pen, but I certainly didn’t put it there. Neither of us was innocent. Neither of us was willing to give in. She got neater, and I got messier. She would complain about my dirty clothes, and I would complain about the smell of her cleaning spray. She would push my clothes to one side; I would leave one of my books on her tidy desk. It finally exploded one evening. Kim came into the room and froze. One of my muddy shoes — how it got there, I still didn’t know — had somehow found its way beneath her bed. To me, it was just a shoe. To Kim, it was a disaster. Her face tightened. Without a word, she bent down, grabbed the shoe, and threw it toward my side. The shoe missed me and instead hit my books, sending them crashing to the floor. I immediately yelled about her rudeness. She fired back similar frustrations and soon we both ended up rushing to the door, trying to be the first to leave. I’m sure we wouldn’t have stayed another day in that room — if it hadn’t been for the phone call she received. Later that evening, after we had both returned to the room separately, I sat on my bed, angry and she sat on hers, also upset. Then the phone rang. Kim picked it up. Her voice softened, then cracked, and I could tell from her end of the conversation that her grandma had got a serious illness. Losing someone you loved was not something anyone should face alone. I knew that kind of pain. When Kim hung up, she wouldn’t look at me. She crawled under her covers without a word. I could hear her quiet sobbing. What to do? I didn’t want to just walk over to comfort her (I was still upset), but I didn’t want to leave her either. 注意： 1.续写的词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I looked at the mess, an idea came to me. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After that evening, we lived peacefully through nice little actions. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 When I looked at the mess, an idea came to me. Deliberately, I began to clean. I remembered how Kim always took care of everything she owned and decided to do the same. I started by tidying up my desk and sorting through the scraps of paper. I took back the book I had carelessly placed on her desk. I picked up the socks and shirts scattered around and I made my bed. I even put some pencils into my pencil holder. Then, I swept the floor, including her side. I got so absorbed into the cleaning that I didn’t even notice that Kim had come out from under the covers. She was watching my every move in surprise, her tears dried and her expression full of disbelief. When I looked up and met Kim’s eyes, she smiled at me and said in a grateful voice “Thanks.” After that evening, we lived peacefully through nice little actions. I woke up one morning to find my desk already tidied — Kim had done it silently. In return, I began taking the time to organize my things quietly, just to show her I was willing to meet her halfway. These small gestures became our new way of communicating. There was a silent understanding between us. The room still wasn’t perfect, and we still had our minor disagreements, but we had learned to live with each other’s differences. She taught me discipline; I taught her patience. She laughed at my “chaotic genius,” and I teased her about her “robot-like” habits. We came to realize that living together wasn’t about who was neat or messy, right or wrong. It was about understanding, helping, and holding on to each other, even when things got messy. And sometimes, that’s enough. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，本文讲述了不爱整洁的作者与十分爱干净的室友Kim多次发生矛盾，最终因一只脏鞋爆发激烈争吵。后来Kim得知奶奶病重，伤心地哭泣。曾有过相似痛苦经历的作者虽仍在生气，却十分关心她，两人紧张的关系迎来转机。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看着眼前的混乱，我忽然有了个主意。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：作者看到杂乱后主动打扫房间，效仿室友整理自己的物品，甚至清扫了室友那边，这让室友Kim十分惊讶并向她道谢。 ②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上之后，我们用温馨的小举动和平相处。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：那晚之后，两人用小举动互相包容，学会接纳差异，懂得了相处在于理解与扶持。 2.续写线索：作者主动打扫房间——清扫了Kim那边卫生——Kim十分惊讶并向作者道谢——两人学会互相包容和接纳差异——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①打扫：clean/sweep ②拥有：own/possess ③决定做：decide to do /be determined to do 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/astonishment ②感激的：grateful/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1] She was watching my every move in surprise, her tears dried and her expression full of disbelief. （运用了独立主格结构） [高分句型2] We came to realize that living together wasn’t about who was neat or messy, right or wrong. （运用了that和who引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年顺德区普通高中教学质量检测（二） 英语 共8页，满分120分，用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，请务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡对应题目后面的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案写在试卷上无效。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Family travelers have become essential to the future of sustainable and regenerative travel. Sustainable travel focuses on reducing harm done by tourism activities, while regenerative travel aims to have a net positive impact on a destination. Family travel offers powerful teaching moments, exposing children to global issues and inspiring them to become environmental advocates. Here are four inspiring examples. Borneo Family Holiday This trip is created with even the youngest travelers in mind, offering a hands-on marine conservation activity — coral replanting — that’s open to kids as young as five. Families learn about marine biodiversity and coral repair. It also includes exploring a monkey center and even an immersive overnight stay in the jungle. Bali Global Classroom Adventure The trip includes a series of learning moments, followed by regenerative travel activities. For instance, participants learn about how one local community shifted from destroying marine life to protecting and nurturing it, after which there’s a chance to participate in service projects focused on preserving the health of the ocean. Peru Family Adventure This trip features a heightened focus on actively engaging with local people and business, in order to help support a sustainable future. Travelers visit a local weaving (纺织) co-op to meet the women workers and learn about traditional weaving methods, thus supporting the survival of local business and cultural traditions. Costa Rica Adventure Holiday Families witness the relationship between nature and local communities, support local economies through visits with handicraft sellers, and protect biodiversity through nature reserve visits. The trip reduces the carbon footprint by staying in sustainable family-run hotels. 1. Which trip offers kids a chance to stay one night in the jungle? A. Borneo Family Holiday. B. Bali Global Classroom Adventure. C. Peru Family Adventure. D. Costa Rica Adventure Holiday. 2. What is the main focus of the “Peru Family Adventure” trip? A. Exploring tourist attractions. B. Supporting local business. C. Selling handmade crafts to tourists. D. Teaching locals how to weave. 3. What is a common goal of the four trips? A. To provide affordable travel options. B. To teach children survival skills. C. To offer money-saving travel tips. D. To educate through sustainable travel. B Growing up on Long Island, Caitlin Noonan learned to be cautious about the water she drank. “Where I lived, all of our drinking water came from underground water sources. That meant any chemicals or pollutants outside could easily find their way into the water supply,” she explained. She was always using a water filter (过滤器), always worried about what might be in the tap. This early experience shaped her academic path and kickstarted her future as an environmental problem-solver. Now a senior in chemical engineering, Noonan is turning concern into action. She leads a project aimed at exploring how waste food can be transformed into a material capable of removing carbon dioxide (CO₂). With help from UConn Dining Services, Noonan gathered about 10 pounds of food waste from dining halls and brought it to her lab. She ground and dried the waste into powder, which then underwent slow pyrolysis — a high-heat process without oxygen. This process produced biochar (生物炭), a carbon-rich, sponge-like material, along with other byproducts. Noonan focused on biochar, which can be tuned to absorb CO₂. To enhance its effectiveness, she applied steam activation at 900°C, creating a structure ideal for trapping CO₂ molecules (分子). The final product is a reusable, dark, sponge-like powder that can safely return to the environment as a soil enhancer. Unlike chemical adsorbents, it remains stable in soil for centuries, supporting plant growth. Noonan has won the top scholarship for undergraduates in math, natural sciences and engineering. “What truly distinguishes Noonan is her remarkable independent thinking,” says Julia Valla, her research advisor. “Unlike most undergraduate researchers who require significant guidance, Noonan consistently challenges me with new ideas and approaches to our work on CO₂ capture. In my experience, the students who challenge their advisors rather than simply following directions are the ones who ultimately reshape their fields.” In addition to her research, Noonan also serves as a teaching assistant and plans to pursue a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, focusing on carbon capture. Her long-term goal is to continue transformative environmental research. “Through my work, I want to make a measurable and positive impact on the planet,” she said. 4. What can we infer about Noonan from paragraph 1? A. She was worried about public health. B. She ignored the quality of drinking water. C. She avoided drinking underground water. D. She developed early environmental awareness. 5. What is the main focus of paragraph 3? A. The equipment used in Noonan’s lab. B. The process of Noonan’s experiment. C. The motivation for Noonan’s research. D. The difficulty Noonan faced in the experiment. 6. What makes Noonan stand out, according to Julia Valla? A. Her need for constant guidance. B. Her willingness to question her advisor. C. Her poor relationship with her advisor. D. Her focus on following traditional methods. 7. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Emission Fighter: From Food Waste to Solution. B. Waste Management: A New Hope for Global Pollution. C. Growing Story: The Daily Life of a Chemical Student. D. Waste to Wonder: University Dining Halls’ Recycling Program. C Going for a walk with Professor Shane O’Mara is a risky business. The brain scientist is so passionate about walking that he is determined not to let anything make him pause. “One of life’s great horrors as you’re walking is waiting for permission to cross the street,” he tells me, when we stop for traffic. I’m not in a position to challenge this. O’Mara speaks not only through personal experience, but from scientific data — walking makes us healthier, happier and brainier. We are wandering the streets discussing O’Mara’s new book, In Praise of Walking, but our chat is unpredictable: he seems to be talking about science, nature, architecture and literature. He favours what he calls a “motor-centric” view of the brain — that brain evolved to support movement, and therefore, if we stop moving, brain won’t work as well. I witnessed the brain-healing effects of walking when my husband was recovering from a brain injury. During our evening walks, his words started to make more sense and conversation flowed easily. O’Mara nods his head in agreement. “You’re walking rhythmically, and there are all sorts of rhythms happening in the brain. They’re absent when you’re sitting,” he says. Some people, I point out, don’t consider walking as proper exercise. “This is a terrible mistake,” he says. “What we need to be is much more generally active. And often, people spend an hour at the gym but don’t move much for the rest of the day. This doesn’t cut it.” O’Mara adds, “As we’re walking, you’re still alive, breathing, and your heart is beating. You’re putting one foot in front of the other, and we’re talking. Plus, I’m checking out the area, admiring the architecture, and watching people. All of these are going on all the time. Robots can’t do this. Getting a robot to cross the road is really hard. Whereas for our brains, evolution has been solving this problem, for the past 400 million years.” 8. What does the writer mention when describing her opinion of O’Mara? A. She is amused by one of his habits. B. His cleverness makes her feel nervous. C. She feels impressed by his walking speed. D. She feels unqualified to question what he says. 9. What can we learn about O’Mara in paragraph 2? A. He constantly changes the conversation topic. B. He has views that someone disagrees with. C. He begins walking in order to prove a theory. D. He is now doing research for a future book. 10. What does the underlined sentence “This doesn’t cut it” mean in paragraph 4? A. This is unrealistic for most people. B. This doesn’t sound very attractive. C. This fails to achieve the desired result. D. This fails to distinguish between two choices. 11. In the final paragraph, O’Mara suggests that the act of walking ______ A. can improve people’s leadership. B. can be reproduced by technology. C. results from adaptation over time. D. encourages people to cooperate. D When a judge is deciding whether someone is telling the truth — or when we’re deciding what to wear based on a look out the window — we are judging the value of evidence. This complex ability has long believed to be uniquely human. However, a recent study in Science shows that one of our closest living relatives, chimps, can also weigh the evidence to make decisions. In a series of experiments, researchers tested chimps at the Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary to see how the animals handled different evidence. In the first test, a researcher showed the chimps two boxes. Box1 had strong evidence: a glass panel allowed the chimps to clearly see the apple inside. Box2 provided weaker evidence: There was no glass panel, but something (a wooden ball) inside it rattled (咯咯作响) when shaken. The chimps who saw Box1 first chose that box and stuck with it when given the option to switch to Box2. However, the chimps who got the rattling box first switched their decisions once they saw the stronger evidence in Box1. Most impressively, the chimps even revised their beliefs when earlier evidence was misleading. If they heard something bouncing in Box1, they would expect an apple based on previous experience. However, when the experimenter pulled out a stone, the chimps would immediately choose Box2. “None of us thought they could do it because it’s just so complex,” says Jan Engelmann, a psychologist. Experts note that this is the first to show that chimps can both weigh evidence to form their beliefs and revise those beliefs. The findings break new ground on the “major issue” of whether humans are unique in this complex ability. “It’s super exciting to recognize that we’re sharing the planet with other highly intelligent beings,” says Kristin Andrews, a philosopher who studies animal cognition. The next step, scientists hope to test similar skills in other species, such as bonobos and dogs, to better understand how rational (理性) thinking evolved. As Charles Darwin predicted over 150 years ago, human intelligence may simply be an extension of capacities found across the animal kingdom. As Hare also puts it, there’s no need to search the stars for intelligence. We already know we’re not alone. There are beings here on Earth considering the world in a way that we think of as rational. 12. What is the passage mainly about? A. How chimps learn from daily experience. B. The evolutionary history of human intelligence. C. An experiment showing chimps’ rational thinking. D. How chimps differ from humans in decision-making. 13. What did the chimpanzees do in the experiment in paragraph 2? A. They refused to make a second choice. B. They randomly selected between the two boxes. C. They kept their choice even after seeing the apple. D. They changed their choice after seeing stronger evidence. 14. What is the experts’ attitude toward the findings? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Impressed. D. Concerned. 15. What does the author intend to show by quoting Darwin? A. Rational thinking evolved across species. B. Human intelligence developed independently. C. Modern science has replaced Darwin’s theory. D. It is important to search for intelligence in space. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。 I was 22 and on a family holiday when it first happened. As we walked along the beach, I saw a blue glass on the shore. I realized there was something inside it. I was so excited! I’d always dreamed of finding a message in a bottle and my hands were shaking as I opened it. The bottle had been dropped eight months earlier by a couple on a cruise. It wasn’t a treasure map or a cry for help from a deserted island, but this bottle had survived its journey across the Atlantic — and I’d found it. ____16____ I emailed the senders as soon as I returned to the hotel. They were happy to know someone had got their message, though perhaps a little disappointed it had been found so soon. For me, however, it was a profound experience. ____17____ I began spending all my spare time looking for more bottles. Since that holiday, I’ve found over 80 messages in bottles, mostly on the Turks and Caicos Islands, often called a “magnet for floating objects.” Bottles have been washing up there since the 1800s. I’ve found messages from senders in North America, Europe and Asia. ____18____ I’ve also found artwork, business cards, even money. I try to contact the senders if I can. ____19____ And I often get help through my blog and web page. Last summer, I travelled to Germany to meet a travel agent whose message I found back in 2011. By then, the message had been badly damaged, and I could only read a letterhead and her name. I tried to find her for four years before posting on social media. Within a day, I tracked her down. ____20____ We’ve been brought together entirely by chance and might have nothing in common. So you may think these encounters could be awkward, although that hasn’t happened so far. People who send messages in bottles are usually adventurous and just as excited to meet as I am. A. It became my passion. B. It felt like a miracle to me. C. Many people forget the messages. D. It’s not just messages inside either. E. It’s a strange experience when I meet a sender. F. The Internet has made this much easier than before. G. Once you know how to collect properly, you find better ones. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this ____21____ spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and ____22____ to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. ____23____, six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the ____24____ of which was to ____25____ information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what ____26____ on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day ____27____ the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s ____28____, like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved ____29____ heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to ____30____ field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The ____31____ were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the ____32____ that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and ____33____ a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the ____34____ space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable ____35____ on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 21. A. uncertain B. unimportant C. unnecessary D. unlikely 22. A. vital B. linked C. similar D. beneficial 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Still 24. A. cause B. objective C. result D. challenge 25. A. send B. store C. change D. download 26. A. weather B. water C. life D. volcanoes 27. A. inhabit B. pollute C. picture D. map 28. A. skills B. fortunes C. tools D. luxuries 29. A. protecting B. locating C. carrying D. wearing 30. A. keep an eye on B. carry out C. break off D. call off 31. A. shelters B. rocks C. caves D. domes 32. A. relief B. excitement C. fear D. peace 33. A. decorated B. built C. destroyed D. found 34. A. harmful B. random C. mysterious D. unexpected 35. A. limitations B. pressure C. influence D. control 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，总分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Esther Oyetunji, becoming the first three-time National Speech and Debate champion marks just how far she has come. Her journey is filmed in a new documentary ____36____ (title) “Speak”, which reveals how speech and debate competitions help create future leaders. The documentary follows students competing in the contest, ____37____ competitors deliver 10-minute speeches attempting ____38____ (convince) audiences about problems needing solutions. “The power of speech and debate is that there’re so many different ____39____ (perspective) and life stories, and that’s why listening is my favorite part,” said Oyetunji, whose speeches have addressed childhood poverty and ____40____ (violent) in schools. The competition teaches students life skills beyond public speaking. “Speech helps people learn how to argue for myself and others, how to tell stories ____41____ (honest) and ethically,” Oyetunji said. “Those are skills you can’t learn anywhere else.” Fellow competitor Schaefer agreed. “Doing speech in high school really prepares you ____42____ everything, whether it’s a job interview or communicating with others when you are feeling uncomfortable.” The competitive atmosphere with the nation’s top speech students ____43____ (create) both pressure and growth opportunities. “Probably one of the greatest lessons they all learn is how to lose and how to have their thoughts ____44____ (challenge),” said Scott Wunn, who runs the National Speech and Debate Association. “It’s pretty cutthroat, but also pretty awesome. This is _____45_____ pathway to train people for leadership.” 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是李华，你在校园论坛看到你校英语交换生Michael想寻找本地寄宿家庭。你家愿意接待，请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍家庭情况； 2.询问对方期待。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Michael, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. I was never tidy. For years, I would excuse my mess as a sign of creative genius. Yet, when I arrived at senior high, I hadn’t come up with any impressive reasons for my big mess. And my roommate, Kim, did not seem to appreciate their contribution to my bright future. From the very first day, it was clear that we were opposites. Kim was extremely organized. She labeled everything, and every item she owned had a place — and more impressively, it always stayed there. However, my table was a mess. My pencil holder was always filled with junk — paper, broken rubber and random things. There was maybe one pen, but I certainly didn’t put it there. Neither of us was innocent. Neither of us was willing to give in. She got neater, and I got messier. She would complain about my dirty clothes, and I would complain about the smell of her cleaning spray. She would push my clothes to one side; I would leave one of my books on her tidy desk. It finally exploded one evening. Kim came into the room and froze. One of my muddy shoes — how it got there, I still didn’t know — had somehow found its way beneath her bed. To me, it was just a shoe. To Kim, it was a disaster. Her face tightened. Without a word, she bent down, grabbed the shoe, and threw it toward my side. The shoe missed me and instead hit my books, sending them crashing to the floor. I immediately yelled about her rudeness. She fired back similar frustrations and soon we both ended up rushing to the door, trying to be the first to leave. I’m sure we wouldn’t have stayed another day in that room — if it hadn’t been for the phone call she received. Later that evening, after we had both returned to the room separately, I sat on my bed, angry and she sat on hers, also upset. Then the phone rang. Kim picked it up. Her voice softened, then cracked, and I could tell from her end of the conversation that her grandma had got a serious illness. Losing someone you loved was not something anyone should face alone. I knew that kind of pain. When Kim hung up, she wouldn’t look at me. She crawled under her covers without a word. I could hear her quiet sobbing. What to do? I didn’t want to just walk over to comfort her (I was still upset), but I didn’t want to leave her either. 注意： 1.续写的词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I looked at the mess, an idea came to me. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After that evening, we lived peacefully through nice little actions. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $