专题02 现在完成时的被动语态（期中复习讲义）高一英语下学期人教版

专题02现在完成时的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 定义 知识点02 基本结构 知识点03 句式的变化 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本结构 have/has + been + 过去分词 •熟记结构，尤其 been 不可遗漏。 • 熟练掌握常见时间状语，快速判断时态。 • 对比练习：区分“已完成且对现在有影响”和“单纯过去事实”。 1. 综合化：在语篇（完形填空、短文改错）中综合考查时态、语态、主谓一致。 2. 情景化：题干多设置真实语境（如新闻报道、科技成就、个人经历），考查语境理解能力。 3. 对比化：常与一般过去时被动、现在完成时主动放在一起辨析，考查双重精准判断能力。 4. 高频话题：环境保护、工程建设、科技发明、书籍出版等话题中常出现现在完成时被动结构。 2. 主谓一致 主语为第三人称单数时用 has been done，其余用 have been done。 3. 标志性时间状语 already, yet, ever, since + 时间点, for + 时间段, in the past/last + 时间段 等。 4. 与一般过去时被动语态的区别 强调“过去的动作对现在的影响或结果” vs “单纯描述过去发生的动作”。 5. 延续性动词的使用 在否定句中可用非延续性动词；在肯定句中与 for/since 连用时，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词表状态。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 定义 现在完成时的被动语态表示: 1. 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already、yet、never、recently等副词及so far、by now、up to/till now、since等时间状语连用。 So far, the Internet has been used by countless users and it has become a useful tool.(强调过去的动作对现在的影响,强调现在的结果) 到目前为止,互联网已经被无数的用户使用,它已经成了一个有用的工具。 By now, more than 100,000 yuan has been raised to help those in need. 到目前为止,已经筹集了超过10万元来帮助那些需要帮助的人。 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去。常与带for或since的时间状语连用,或用于“How long...?”句型中。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修理了两个小时了。 His son has been taught English since he was five years old. 他儿子从五岁起就开始学英语。 知识点02基本结构 现在完成时的被动语态的基本谓语结构为have/has+been done。 Tom has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆已被选去参加运动会。 Tom and Jack have been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆和杰克已被选去参加运动会。 知识点03句式的变化 1.肯定句的结构是“主语+have/has+been done+其他成分.” (应用文写作之发言稿)In order to raise our awareness of environmental protection, various activities have been held in our school in the past few years. 为了增强我们的环保意识,在过去的几年里,我们学校举办了各种各样的活动。 2.否定句的结构是“主语+have/has+not+been done+其他成分.” The development of the software has not been finished. 这个软件的开发还没有完成。 3.一般疑问句的结构是“Have/Has+主语+been done+其他成分?” Has it been announced when the plane is to take off? 是否已经宣布飞机何时起飞? 4.特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done+其他成分?” How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了? 典例引领·即时检测 典例 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He 　　　　　　　(vote) National Sports Writer of the Year 11 times. So now let’s welcome the funny man with serious talent, Jacob Johnson.  即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) I　　　　　　　 (motivate) — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.  2. (2023·全国甲卷改编) Though DIY 　　　　　　　　 (see) as a male hobby traditionally,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.  3. (2023·全国甲卷) As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they 　　　　　　　　(not see) in a century or more,they are increasingly being sighted by humans.  4. (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that 　　　　　　　　(pass) down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.  易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题： 1.带有双宾语的动词,如give、bring、show、tell、buy、lend等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语; 若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常需要用相应的介词。 The teacher has given Jobs three pieces of advice recently. →Jobs has been given three pieces of advice by the teacher recently.(Jobs是间接宾语) →Three pieces of advice have been given to Jobs by the teacher recently.(Three pieces of advice是直接宾语,所以间接宾语Jobs前添加了介词to) 最近,老师给了乔布斯三条建议。 2.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。 (应用文写作之投稿征文)The traditional skill of making the paper by hand has been passed down for hundreds of years.(down不能省略) 手工制作纸张的传统技艺已经被传承数百年。 3.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year.(说明动作发生于过去) 去年这家公园向公众开放。 The park has been opened to the public.(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已经向公众开放) 这家公园已经向公众开放。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 先看主语与动词是主动还是被动关系。 • 再看时间状语：already/yet/so far/since/for 等提示现在完成时。 • 若无明确时间状语，则根据上下文判断动作是否已完成并对现在有影响。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1.（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）—Why do you look so worried? —My MacBook Pro broke down and my paper ________ unfinished since. A.was left B.has left C.left D.has been left 2.（25高一下·广东深圳·期中）The new e-learning platform, which _________ in early 2020 to increase students’ learning experience, _________ by many students in the past few years. A.was developed; was used B.had been developed; had been used C.was developed; has been used D.had been developed; was used 3.（25-26高二上·天津河北·期中）Thanks to increasing computer power, important advances in medicine and environmental science so far. A.have made B.will make C.are being made D.have been made 4.（25-26高二上·天津·期中）Jim, as well as his teammates, ________ as “excellent players” for their outstanding performance in the last match. A.has been labelling B.have been labelled C.has been labelled D.have been labelling 5.（25-26高三上·天津·期中）Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in Tianjin. A.were spent B.was spent C.has been spent D.have been spent 6.（25高一下·河南郑州·期中）Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A.has been appreciated B.have been appreciated C.was appreciated D.were appreciated 7.（25高一下·上海·期中）This is the only one of the best films ______ this year. A.that have shown B.that have been shown C.that has shown D.that has been shown 8.（25高一下·上海·期中）A large number of workers ______ dismissed since 2022. A.have been B.are C.were D.had been 9.（25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）I am aware that though progress ________ in the past five years, issues of public concerns about education, health care still remain. A.has been made B.had been made C.have been made D.had made 10.（23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）According to the report, the number of animals used in experiments ______ by 30% over the past years. A.was reduced B.has been reduced C.were reduced D.have been reduced 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. （18-19高一·北京西城·期中）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.   2.（25高一下·新疆乌鲁木齐·期中）A lot of survivors (rescue) by the soldiers in the earthquake-stricken area since yesterday. 3.（25高二上·上海·期中）The Sound of Silence is one of the best films that (show) so far this year. 4.（25高二上·江苏·期中）The genetic data, crucial to the study, (gather) over the past few decades, though its significance is only now being fully understood. 5.（25高一下·福建厦门·期中）Over the past five years, all the evidence (destroy). 6.（25高二上·重庆·期中）The ambitious urban park project (postpone) indefinitely so far due to a complete lack of funding, becoming a symbol of broken promises to the community. 7.（25高二上·福建厦门·期中）Several villages (wipe) out by the heavy flood in the past few days, leaving over a thousand villagers homeless. 8.（25高一下·上海·期中）In Finland, babies come with a box. For the past 75 years, Finland’s mothers-to-be (give) a box by the government. It’s a starter kit of nappies, clothes, sheets and toys. 9.（25高一下·江苏常州·期中）Expert advice (seek) to solve this typical parent-child relationship issue so far. 10.（25高一下·江苏镇江·期中）A great many football fans (attract) by the Jiangsu Football City League over the past few months. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 完成句子 1.（24高一下·广东茂名·期中）已被证明，整理你的桌子可以提高你的学习和工作效率。 It ________ ________ ________ that sorting out your desk can improve your learning and working efficiency. 2.（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）很遗憾地告诉你，你想要加薪的请求再一次被拒绝了。 I am sorry to tell you that your request for a wage raise ________ ________ ________ again. 3.（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）The local government has carried out several environmental protection measures to reduce air pollution over the past three years.(改为被动句) ________________________________________________________________ 3.（25高一下·重庆·期中）The statues fill only one part of the huge tomb, which still has not been ________ ________.（根据句意填空） 5.（25高一下·北京·期中）这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 The statues fill only part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not ________ ________ ________. 二、语篇填空 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02现在完成时的被动语态（期中复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期中考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 知识点01 定义 知识点02 基本结构 知识点03 句式的变化 典例引领·即时检测 精析典型例题，强化解题能力 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 考情透视·目标导航 核心考点 复习目标 考情规律 1. 基本结构 have/has + been + 过去分词 •熟记结构，尤其 been 不可遗漏。 • 熟练掌握常见时间状语，快速判断时态。 • 对比练习：区分“已完成且对现在有影响”和“单纯过去事实”。 1. 综合化：在语篇（完形填空、短文改错）中综合考查时态、语态、主谓一致。 2. 情景化：题干多设置真实语境（如新闻报道、科技成就、个人经历），考查语境理解能力。 3. 对比化：常与一般过去时被动、现在完成时主动放在一起辨析，考查双重精准判断能力。 4. 高频话题：环境保护、工程建设、科技发明、书籍出版等话题中常出现现在完成时被动结构。 2. 主谓一致 主语为第三人称单数时用 has been done，其余用 have been done。 3. 标志性时间状语 already, yet, ever, since + 时间点, for + 时间段, in the past/last + 时间段 等。 4. 与一般过去时被动语态的区别 强调“过去的动作对现在的影响或结果” vs “单纯描述过去发生的动作”。 5. 延续性动词的使用 在否定句中可用非延续性动词；在肯定句中与 for/since 连用时，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词表状态。 知识梳理·方法技巧 知识点01 定义 现在完成时的被动语态表示: 1. 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already、yet、never、recently等副词及so far、by now、up to/till now、since等时间状语连用。 So far, the Internet has been used by countless users and it has become a useful tool.(强调过去的动作对现在的影响,强调现在的结果) 到目前为止,互联网已经被无数的用户使用,它已经成了一个有用的工具。 By now, more than 100,000 yuan has been raised to help those in need. 到目前为止,已经筹集了超过10万元来帮助那些需要帮助的人。 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去。常与带for或since的时间状语连用,或用于“How long...?”句型中。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修理了两个小时了。 His son has been taught English since he was five years old. 他儿子从五岁起就开始学英语。 知识点02基本结构 现在完成时的被动语态的基本谓语结构为have/has+been done。 Tom has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆已被选去参加运动会。 Tom and Jack have been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 汤姆和杰克已被选去参加运动会。 知识点03句式的变化 1.肯定句的结构是“主语+have/has+been done+其他成分.” (应用文写作之发言稿)In order to raise our awareness of environmental protection, various activities have been held in our school in the past few years. 为了增强我们的环保意识,在过去的几年里,我们学校举办了各种各样的活动。 2.否定句的结构是“主语+have/has+not+been done+其他成分.” The development of the software has not been finished. 这个软件的开发还没有完成。 3.一般疑问句的结构是“Have/Has+主语+been done+其他成分?” Has it been announced when the plane is to take off? 是否已经宣布飞机何时起飞? 4.特殊疑问句的结构是“特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done+其他成分?” How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已经放映多长时间了? 典例引领·即时检测 典例 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He 　　　　　　　(vote) National Sports Writer of the Year 11 times. So now let’s welcome the funny man with serious talent, Jacob Johnson.  【答案】 has been voted 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知,此处是强调现在的结果,并且主语he与vote之间是被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been voted。 即时检测 1. (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) I　　　　　　　 (motivate) — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.  【答案】 have been motivated 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知, 主语I与motivate之间是被动关系, 并且由all my life可知,motivate这一动作是从过去开始,延续到现在,应用现在完成时,故此处要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been motivated。 2. (2023·全国甲卷改编) Though DIY 　　　　　　　　 (see) as a male hobby traditionally,the research shows it is women now leading the charge.  【答案】 has been seen 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知,此处是强调现在的结果,并且主语DIY与see之间是被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been seen。 3. (2023·全国甲卷) As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they 　　　　　　　　(not see) in a century or more,they are increasingly being sighted by humans.  【答案】 haven’t been seen 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知,此处是强调现在的结果,并且主语they与see之间是被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填haven’t been seen。 4. (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that 　　　　　　　　(pass) down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.  【答案】 has been passed 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知,此处是强调现在的结果,并且主语lyric form与pass down之间是被动关系,故要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been passed。 易｜错｜点｜拨 现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题： 1.带有双宾语的动词,如give、bring、show、tell、buy、lend等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语; 若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前通常需要用相应的介词。 The teacher has given Jobs three pieces of advice recently. →Jobs has been given three pieces of advice by the teacher recently.(Jobs是间接宾语) →Three pieces of advice have been given to Jobs by the teacher recently.(Three pieces of advice是直接宾语,所以间接宾语Jobs前添加了介词to) 最近,老师给了乔布斯三条建议。 2.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。 (应用文写作之投稿征文)The traditional skill of making the paper by hand has been passed down for hundreds of years.(down不能省略) 手工制作纸张的传统技艺已经被传承数百年。 3.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系。 The park was opened to the public last year.(说明动作发生于过去) 去年这家公园向公众开放。 The park has been opened to the public.(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已经向公众开放) 这家公园已经向公众开放。 解｜题｜技｜巧 • 先看主语与动词是主动还是被动关系。 • 再看时间状语：already/yet/so far/since/for 等提示现在完成时。 • 若无明确时间状语，则根据上下文判断动作是否已完成并对现在有影响。 考场练兵·分层实战 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1.（25-26高一上·天津和平·期中）—Why do you look so worried? —My MacBook Pro broke down and my paper ________ unfinished since. A.was left B.has left C.left D.has been left 2.（25高一下·广东深圳·期中）The new e-learning platform, which _________ in early 2020 to increase students’ learning experience, _________ by many students in the past few years. A.was developed; was used B.had been developed; had been used C.was developed; has been used D.had been developed; was used 3.（25-26高二上·天津河北·期中）Thanks to increasing computer power, important advances in medicine and environmental science so far. A.have made B.will make C.are being made D.have been made 4.（25-26高二上·天津·期中）Jim, as well as his teammates, ________ as “excellent players” for their outstanding performance in the last match. A.has been labelling B.have been labelled C.has been labelled D.have been labelling 5.（25-26高三上·天津·期中）Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in Tianjin. A.were spent B.was spent C.has been spent D.have been spent 6.（25高一下·河南郑州·期中）Calligraphy works done with writing brushes ______ by many foreigners up to now. A.has been appreciated B.have been appreciated C.was appreciated D.were appreciated 7.（25高一下·上海·期中）This is the only one of the best films ______ this year. A.that have shown B.that have been shown C.that has shown D.that has been shown 8.（25高一下·上海·期中）A large number of workers ______ dismissed since 2022. A.have been B.are C.were D.had been 9.（25高一下·天津滨海新·期中）I am aware that though progress ________ in the past five years, issues of public concerns about education, health care still remain. A.has been made B.had been made C.have been made D.had made 10.（23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）According to the report, the number of animals used in experiments ______ by 30% over the past years. A.was reduced B.has been reduced C.were reduced D.have been reduced 1.【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——你为什么看起来这么焦虑？——我的MacBook Pro坏了，我的论文也因此一直没能写完。空处为and之后的第二并列分句的谓语，其主语my paper是“被搁置”在了一种未完成的状态，应使用被动语态。and之前的第一并列分句使用过去时，空处则表示从该过去动作（笔记本电脑坏掉）开始一直持续到现在的状态，应使用现在完成时。故空处应使用现在完成时被动语态。主语my paper为第三人称单数形式，空处应填has been left。故选D项。 2.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个新的电子学习平台是在2020年初开发的，旨在增加学生的学习体验，在过去的几年里，很多学生都在使用这个平台。第一个空为从句谓语，根据时间状语“in early 2020”和句意，应用一般过去时，which指代的The new e-learning platform和动词develop之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was developed”。第二个空是主句谓语，根据时间状语“in the past few years”和句意，应用现在完成时的被动语态“has been used”。故选C。 3.【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意：多亏了计算机计算能力的不断提升，到目前为止，医学和环境科学领域已经取得了重要进展。结合时间状语“so far”（到目前为止），需用现在完成时，主语“important advances”与动词“make”是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为have been made。故选D项。 4.【答案】C 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：吉姆以及他的队友们都被誉为“优秀球员”，因为他们在上一场比赛中的表现极为出色。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时的被动语态，Jim为单数，助动词用has。故选C。 5.【答案】D 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，大量的资金被用于改善天津的公共交通。根据over the past five years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语money和spend之间为被动关系，且large quantities of+n作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。 6.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：用毛笔完成的书法作品至今仍受到许多外国人的欣赏。空处作句子的谓语，结合“up to now”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，appreciate“欣赏”和主语Calligraphy works“书法作品”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故选B。 7.【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句的主谓一致和语态。句意：这是今年上映的最佳影片中唯一的一部。“the only one of+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，且film与show是动宾关系，用被动语态。故选D。 8.【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自2022年以来，已有大量工人被解雇。由时间状语“since 2022”可知，句子需用现在完成时；且“workers”与“dismiss(解雇)”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故选A项。 9.【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：我意识到，尽管过去五年已经取得了进步，但公众关注的教育、医疗问题仍然存在。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语progress和make为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。故选A。 10.【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据报告，在过去的几年里，用于实验的动物数量减少了30%。根据时间状语“over the past years.”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the number of animals和reduce为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语有the number of修饰，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1. （18-19高一·北京西城·期中）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.   2.（25高一下·新疆乌鲁木齐·期中）A lot of survivors (rescue) by the soldiers in the earthquake-stricken area since yesterday. 3.（25高二上·上海·期中）The Sound of Silence is one of the best films that (show) so far this year. 4.（25高二上·江苏·期中）The genetic data, crucial to the study, (gather) over the past few decades, though its significance is only now being fully understood. 5.（25高一下·福建厦门·期中）Over the past five years, all the evidence (destroy). 6.（25高二上·重庆·期中）The ambitious urban park project (postpone) indefinitely so far due to a complete lack of funding, becoming a symbol of broken promises to the community. 7.（25高二上·福建厦门·期中）Several villages (wipe) out by the heavy flood in the past few days, leaving over a thousand villagers homeless. 8.（25高一下·上海·期中）In Finland, babies come with a box. For the past 75 years, Finland’s mothers-to-be (give) a box by the government. It’s a starter kit of nappies, clothes, sheets and toys. 9.（25高一下·江苏常州·期中）Expert advice (seek) to solve this typical parent-child relationship issue so far. 10.（25高一下·江苏镇江·期中）A great many football fans (attract) by the Jiangsu Football City League over the past few months. 1．【答案】has been reached 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管进行了前几轮谈判，双方到目前为止仍未达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知，所填谓语动词要用现在完成时，主语no agreement是单数名词，与reach之间为被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态结构has been+过去分词。故填has been reached。 2．【答案】have been rescued 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：自昨天以来，许多幸存者已被地震灾区的士兵救出。根据时间状语since yesterday可知，rescue“拯救”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语survivors和rescue为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been rescued。 3．【答案】have been shown 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：《寂静之声》是今年迄今为止上映的最佳影片之一。空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，定语从句使用现在完成时，主语that（指代films）和show之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been shown。 4．【答案】have been gathered 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这项研究中至关重要的遗传数据在过去几十年间已被收集，尽管其重要性直到现在才被完全理解。时间状语over the past few decades是现在完成时的标志；主语genetic data与gather之间是被动关系，即数据“被收集”， 因此，需用现在完成时的被动语态。主语data是复数形式，所以助动词用have，gather的过去分词是gathered。故填have been gathered。 5．【答案】has been destroyed 【解析】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，所有的证据都被销毁了。由Over the past five years可知，句子是现在完成时，证据是被销毁，因此句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语evidence是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has been destroyed。 6．【答案】has been postponed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这个雄心勃勃的城市公园项目迄今一直因资金严重短缺而被无限期推迟，它已成为对社区作出的承诺落空的典型例证。主语project与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文so far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been postponed。 7．【答案】have been wiped 【解析】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几天里，有几个村庄被洪水冲毁，一千多名村民无家可归。由in the past few days可知，句子时态是现在完成时，村庄是被冲毁，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语villages是复数，因此空格处是have been wiped。故填have been wiped。 8．【答案】have been given 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在芬兰，婴儿出生时会附带一个盒子。过去75年来，芬兰的准妈妈们都会收到政府发放的这个盒子。里面装有尿布、衣服、床单和玩具等新生儿用品。时间状语“For the past 75 years”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，谓语动词需用现在完成时；主语“Finland’s mothers-to-be”与动词“give”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；现在完成时的被动语态结构为“have/has been +过去分词”，主语为复数，助动词用have，give的过去分词为given。故填have been given。 9．【答案】has been sought 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，为了解决这个典型的亲子关系问题，专业建议已被征求。根据so far（到目前为止）可知，句子需用现在完成时；且主语Expert advice（专业建议）与seek之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，advice为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填 has been sought。 10．【答案】have been attracted 【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，江苏足球城市联赛吸引了大量的足球迷。根据时间状语over the past few months可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态；因为主语A great many football fans与attract之间是被动关系，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have been attracted。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 1、 完成句子 1.（24高一下·广东茂名·期中）已被证明，整理你的桌子可以提高你的学习和工作效率。 It ________ ________ ________ that sorting out your desk can improve your learning and working efficiency. 2.（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）很遗憾地告诉你，你想要加薪的请求再一次被拒绝了。 I am sorry to tell you that your request for a wage raise ________ ________ ________ again. 3.（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）The local government has carried out several environmental protection measures to reduce air pollution over the past three years.(改为被动句) ________________________________________________________________ 3.（25高一下·重庆·期中）The statues fill only one part of the huge tomb, which still has not been ________ ________.（根据句意填空） 5.（25高一下·北京·期中）这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 The statues fill only part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not ________ ________ ________. 1．【答案】has been proved 【解析】考查动词时态语态。表示“证明”应用动词prove，结合汉语提示“已被证明”可知，此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，表示“过去发生的事情对现在产生影响”，it作形式主语，助动词用has。故填①has；②been；③proved。 2．【答案】has been refused 【解析】考查动词语态。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，表示“拒绝”用refuse，“被拒绝”这一动作对现在有影响，时态应用现在完成时，refuse与主语your request for a wage raise 之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been refused。 3．【答案】Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years. 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，当地政府已经采取了一些环境保护措施来减少空气污染。原句中的several environmental protection measures 与动词短语carry out 之间为被动关系，且为复数形式，助动词应用have，所以变为被动句后谓语动词为have been carried out，the local government为动作的发出者，所以应用介词by加the local government，其它不变，所以原句变为被动句后为Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years，故答案为Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years。 4．【答案】completely unearthed 【解析】考查副词和动词。句意：这些雕像只占据了这座尚未完全出土的巨大陵墓的一部分。结合句意此处指“尚未完全出土”，“完全”使用副词completely，“出土”使用动词unearth，使用过去分词和前面的has been构成现在完成时的被动语态，故填①completely②unearthed。 5．【答案】 been completely unearthed 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。根据汉语提示，表示“完全地”用completely；表示“出土，挖掘”用unearth，此处which指代前文的the emperor’s huge tomb，其与unearth之间是被动关系，根据前文的has not可知，此处构成现在完成时的被动结构。故填been completely unearthed。 二、语篇填空 There are moments in life 1 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 2 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 3 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 4 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 5 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 6 (happy) people don't 7 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 8 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 9 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 10 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 【答案】1．when 2．another 3．has been opened 4．who 5．to dream 6．happiest 7．necessarily 8．comes 9．forgotten 10．around 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 1．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 2．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 4．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 5．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 6．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 7．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 8．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 9．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 10．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $