精品解析：北京市育才学校2025-2026学年度第二学期3月月考英语试题

北京市育才学校高三英语 2025—2026学年度第二学期 3月月考试卷 2026.03 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us. Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver. However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!” Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____. It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control. As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again. Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____. 1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature 2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security 3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked 4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared 5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously 6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing 7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest 8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival 9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy 10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The famous writer James Patterson donated $1.5 million to launch a classroom program, ___11___ was designed to help poor children read more books. It aims to bring books to 32,000 poor children who are from kindergarten to eighth grade. Patterson ___12___ （donate）more than $10 million to support literacy development since many years ago. He believes reading skills are important for the country. Patterson added, "the program will bring books to those schools and ___13___ （community）that need them the most, and that we haven't served before." The program has chosen a limited number of schools to take part this year but hopes to expand in the coming years. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over two decades have passed ____14____ China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit, ____15____ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it ____16____ (begin) providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging services to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____17____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin ____18____ (expect) to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and competition from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists have identified a possible ____19____ (addition) cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further ____20____ (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! EmailtheSPPofficeatsppoffice@mail.edu. 21. What does SPP aim to do? A. To help college students to achieve academic success. B. To get high school students well-prepared for college life. C. To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. D. To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 22. What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A. Carry out STEM research. B. Attend various seminars. C. Finish the courses online. D. Join in experiential learning. 23. What can we know about students living on campus? A. They can organize social activities. B. They will have access to a single room. C. They are provided with good security. D. They are advised to direct comedy shows. B Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic. For Brian, the timing could not have been worse. It was a stressful time between a wife carrying a baby, a dad battling brain cancer, and everything else going on in the news. Brian needed to do something productive and he turned to mow mowing lawns for stress relief. “I just decided to create my own good news, really just as a time filler,” says Brian. He wanted to help neighbors, just keeping himself busy mentally and physically. Brian offered his lawnmowing service free to seniors and people with disabilities in his community. As word spread of his good acts, the local media began picking up on the story. The attention got Brian thinking. There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com, and a kindness movement was born. Pretty soon, Brian had a large crowd of clients needing others to mow their lawns and an army of volunteers, from 18-year-olds in college to recent retirees. As news of his organization spread, he also began to attract donations to help with operating costs, which encouraged him to turn the service into a nonprofit. As the organization has evolved (演变), Brian has expanded his offerings to include other services like removing trees and clearing snow. But he believes the benefit of what his team does goes way beyond the practical. “We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well. And we’re hearing feedback not only directly from the people we’re helping, but also from their neighbors who thank us for helping make the community better. And I’m even receiving occasional letters from people that we might not even help, but they might have just been at the time looking for some uplifting news.” lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.” 24 What got Brian into a bad situation? A. Taking care of a baby. B. Being out of work. C. Fighting against cancer. D. Being reported in news. 25. Why did Brian create the website? A. To gain more public attention. B To provide a wider range of services. C. To raise donations for people in need. D. To collect news of kindness movements. 26. What can we learn about Brian’s organization? A. It puts forward plans on bettering the community. B. It requires people to give feedback on the offerings. C. It reduces the unemployment among people in need. D. It gives people spiritual support as well as direct help. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Good things take time. B. Every moment matters. C. We rise by lifting others. D. Fame brings opportunities. C In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), water is more valuable than oil. To support its citizens, the nation relies on expensive campaigns of cloud seeding from aircraft, which spray particles(喷洒微粒) into passing clouds to make rainfall. But according to Oliver Branch, a climate scientist, there may be another method to stir up a rainmaker: with city-size solar farms that create their own weather. The heat from dark solar panels can cause updrafts that sometimes lead to rainstorms, providing water for local people. “Maybe it’s not science fiction that we can produce this effect,” says Branch, who led the work. Few studies have examined how renewable energy might shift weather patterns. In 2020, Branch found that incredibly large solar farms, taking up more than 1 million square kilometers in the Sahara desert, could boost local rainfall. But the reward would come with a cost, the researchers found: By altering wind patterns, the solar farms would push tropical rain bands north. That’s not good news for the Amazon areas. To find more, researchers turned to a weather model that can account for land surface changes. They modeled the solar farms as nearly black fields that absorbed 95%of the sunlight, surrounded by relatively reflective sand. When the solar farms reached 15 square kilometers, they found, the increased heat they absorbed appreciably increased the updrafts, or convection, that drive cloud formation. Hacking convection wasn’t enough, however: damp air was also needed. When conditions were ripe, the model also found, a 20-square-kilometer solar field would increase a storm’s total rainfall by nearly 600,000 cubic meters. If such rainstorms occurred 10 times in one summer, they would provide enough water to support more than 30,000 people for a year. Solar farms in China and elsewhere are nearly big enough, Branch says. If they were built in the right spots, it wouldn’t take much to darken the panels and to plant dark crops between panel rows. Still they’re trying to improve the realism of their solar panel simulations by cross-checking them with field measurements at existing solar farms. The UAE “is committed to studying the potentially dynamic strategies such as optimizing convection,” says Alya Al, director of the UAE’s Research Program. For now, she adds, the UAE is deeply committed to its cloud seeding program, carrying out some 300 missions each year. 28. In his study, Branch attempts to produce rainfall ________. A. by way of updrafts formed on solar farms B. by spraying particles into passing clouds C. by means of relatively reflective sand D. by planting dark crops 29. The model is designed to find out ________. A. the ripe conditions for building a solar farm B. the realistic size of a solar farm for rainfall increase C. the annual amount of water consumption in the UAE D. the heat absorption rate of the solar panels in the black fields 30. What can we learn about Branch’s method? A. It is not supported by the director. B. It needs great investment if applied. C. It remains to be further tested in practice. D. It has promoted cloud seeding in the UAE. D A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness. If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon. Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest. At its worst, this idea is based on a warped logic. Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down. The emissions have been taken out of the world’s “carbon budget”, so treating them as anew debit means double counting. The right question to ask is whether it is worth using the remaining carbon budget to repair a building or it is better to knock it down. Choosing between these possibilities requires thinking about the unseen. It used to be said that construction emitted two types of emissions. Besides the embodied sort, there were operational ones from cooling, heating and providing electricity to residents. Around the world, buildings account for 39% of annual emissions, according to the World Green Building Council, of which 28% come from operational carbon. These two types of emissions might be enough for the architects designing an individual building. But when it comes to broader questions, economists ought also to consider how the placement of buildings affects the manner in which people work, shop and travel. Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions. Without such demolition, potential residents would typically have to move to the suburbs instead, saving money on rent but consuming more energy. Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight. 31. The first two paragraphs are written to ________. A. exemplify an outlook on energy conservation B. present a new way of relieving energy crisis C. explain people’s reaction to a broken window D. introduce an argument on carbon emission 32. What does the underlined word “warped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Unsound. B. Complicated. C. Distinctive. D. Underlying. 33. What can be learnt from the passage? A. Operational carbon accounts for a larger share of carbon emission. B. Repairing old buildings outweighs demolition in energy conservation. C. Higher residential density near public transport may help reduce emission. D. Stopping residents from living in new buildings is sensible to energy saving. 34. As for decarbonization of the built environment, which would the author agree with? A. Interests of NIMBYs are worthy of consideration. B. A comprehensive insight into emission is essential. C. Upgrading construction materials should be prioritized. D. Every resident should do their bit in reducing carbon emission. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. ____35____ But are we hardwired (本能的) for it? According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not. All humans given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. ____36____ We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch. ____37____ We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that would make sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering. But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. ____38____ Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. ____39____ So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht. A. Think about things like running a marathon. B. It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way. C. It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness. D. We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing. E. But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort. F. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. G. Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon, such as emphasizing the importance of honest behaviors or valuing effort and persistence in achieving goals. They are fundamental and determine how members of a home interact with each other and with the world. Family values determine what you think is important and what is good. These values can help you stay consistent when making decisions in everyday life, especially in moments of uncertainty. This is particularly true when you’re going to make quick decisions based on an emotional reaction. For example, if honesty and communication are your important family values, you’re more likely to approach conflicts with an open mind and a willing heart to talk through issues. When finding your family member has lied to you, instead of acting thoughtlessly, you know what to do—have a talk sincerely. Family values serve as a guiding force within the home, but their impact extends far beyond, shaping societal norms and behaviors. For example, if several families plant generosity in their values, the next generation will grow up to be more generous. As a result, adults in this generation are more likely to take other people’s needs into consideration when making difficult choices. They become positive contributors to the society, developing an atmosphere of care and consideration that enhances communal well-being. Great influence as it has, family values are not taught consciously. Often, they get passed down without being noticed. Those values don’t ever get questioned. Whether you’ve outlined them or not, they’re present. And once you take ownership of those values, you can shape them to be in line with what you expect your family to be. 40. What are family values? _________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can family values help to make decisions in everyday life? _________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Family values have great influence within the home, but they have nothing to do with shaping common behaviors and rules in a society. ________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please share one of your family values and explain how it influences you. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你校交换生Jim对中国的非物质文化遗产非常感兴趣，这个周末在国家博物馆将举办一场非遗文化展。请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他一同前往。邮件内容包括： 1．介绍活动； 2．发出邀请。 注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 提示词：国家博物馆 National Museum of China 非物质文化遗产展览 intangible cultural heritage exhibition Dear Jim ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市育才学校高三英语 2025—2026学年度第二学期 3月月考试卷 2026.03 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us. Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver. However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!” Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____. It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control. As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again. Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____. 1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature 2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security 3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked 4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared 5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously 6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing 7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest 8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival 9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy 10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了得了脑癌之后，作者开始养绿植，结果因为自己的焦虑让叶子开始变黄，作者意识到了自己的错误观念，减轻了焦虑，绿植也恢复了健康。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在我被诊断出患有脑癌之后，我喜欢我们周围有绿色和有生命的东西的想法。A. alive有生命的，活着的；B. primitive原始的；C. delicate柔和的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“I loved the idea of having something green and”指绿色有生命的东西，故选A。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：照顾这棵植物给了我一种成就感，因为我有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用。A. warmth温暖；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. security安全。根据后文“at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited”可知，作者有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用，所以照顾这棵植物给了自己一种成就感，故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我已经习惯了提供护理。A. valued重视；B. needed需要；C. provided提供；D. lacked缺少。根据后文“I could still be a caregiver”指提供护理，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水让我想起了我过去身份的一个核心部分，并让我知道我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. added增加；B. connected联系；C. adapted改编；D. compared比较。根据后文“me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver”可知，给植物浇水让作者想起了过去身份的核心部分，connect sb. to表示“将……与联系”。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完美的条件下生长了几个星期后，植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。A. casually随意地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. mysteriously难以理解地，神秘地。根据后文“No matter what I did, the leaves kept”植物开始掉叶子，可知，作者也不知为何植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，叶子还是变黄掉到地上。A. spreading传播；B. browning褐变；C. waving挥舞；D. dancing舞蹈。根据后文“and dropping to the floor”指叶子变黄掉到地上。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当树挣扎时，我感到越来越不安和恐惧。A. fearful害怕的；B. innocent无辜的；C. faithful忠实的；D. dishonest不诚实的。根据上文“I felt increasingly uneasy and”可知，树的状态让作者感到不安和害怕。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，当我从手术中恢复过来时，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的精心培育——我至少还能控制的事情——和我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。A. dream梦想；B. success成功；C. capability能力；D. survival幸存。结合上文可知作者得了癌症，所以是生存是无法控制的事情。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始学习在线教程，弄清楚如何照顾这棵树。A. discontent不满足；B. anxiety焦虑；C. doubt怀疑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant”可知，作者明白了其中的道理，焦虑也减轻了。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看着新花盆里树，我就会放松下来，想想我能决定的事情。A. give给予；B. share分享；C. decide决定；D. preserve保护。呼应上文“something over which I had at least some control”指作者开始思考自己能够控制决定的事情。故选C。 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The famous writer James Patterson donated $1.5 million to launch a classroom program, ___11___ was designed to help poor children read more books. It aims to bring books to 32,000 poor children who are from kindergarten to eighth grade. Patterson ___12___ （donate）more than $10 million to support literacy development since many years ago. He believes reading skills are important for the country. Patterson added, "the program will bring books to those schools and ___13___ （community）that need them the most, and that we haven't served before." The program has chosen a limited number of schools to take part this year but hopes to expand in the coming years. 【答案】11. which 12. has donated 13. communities 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名作家詹姆斯·帕特森通过捐赠，以帮助贫困儿童阅读更多书籍。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：著名作家詹姆斯·帕特森捐赠150万美元启动了一个课堂项目，旨在帮助贫困儿童阅读更多书籍。句中先行词为a classroom program，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查时态。句意：自多年前以来，帕特森已经捐赠了1000多万美元用于支持扫盲发展。根据“since many years ago.”可知，用现在完成时。主语Patterson为第三人称，所以谓语动词用has。故填has donated。 【13题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：帕特森补充说：“该项目将把书籍带到那些最需要的、我们以前从未提供过的学校和社区。”名词community为可数名词，根据those可知，用名词的复数形式。故填communities。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Over two decades have passed ____14____ China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit, ____15____ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it ____16____ (begin) providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging services to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____17____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit. 【答案】14. since 15. forming 16. began 17. launched 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国北斗卫星系统发展历程。 【14题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了二十多年。本空引导时间状语从句，表示“自从”用since引导。故填since。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）。本句已有谓语动词were sent，form应用非谓语动词形式，form和逻辑主语more Beidou satellites之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填forming。 【16题详解】 考查时态。句意：2012年底，它开始为中国和亚太其他地区的人们提供定位、导航、定时和信息服务。根据时间状语In late 2012可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填began。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，随着2019年12月16日又有两颗北斗卫星发射升空，北斗系统已有53颗卫星在轨运行。本句已有谓语动词has，launch应用非谓语动词形式，launch和逻辑主语two more Beidou satellites之间为被动关系，且launch这一动作已经完成，用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，构成“with + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构。故填launched。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin ____18____ (expect) to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and competition from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists have identified a possible ____19____ (addition) cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further ____20____ (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. 【答案】18. is expected 19. additional 20. prevents 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了非洲企鹅面临灭绝的原因。 【18题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：鉴于非洲企鹅目前数量下降，预计在短短十多年后，它们将在野外灭绝。句子描述的是根据目前情况对未来的一种推测，用一般现在时，expect“预计”和主语The African penguin之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The African penguin为单数，be动词用is。故填is expected。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：根据一项研究，科学家最近发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾里船只的噪音污染。本空修饰名词cause，用形容词additional“额外的”，作定语。故填additional。 【20题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，科学家最近发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾里船只的噪音污染。本空为定语从句的谓语，根据is可知，此处描述目前的情况，用一般现在时，关系代词that指代先行词threat，在从句中作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式prevents。故填prevents。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! EmailtheSPPofficeatsppoffice@mail.edu. 21. What does SPP aim to do? A. To help college students to achieve academic success. B. To get high school students well-prepared for college life. C. To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. D. To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 22. What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A. Carry out STEM research. B. Attend various seminars. C. Finish the courses online. D. Join in experiential learning. 23. What can we know about students living on campus? A. They can organize social activities. B. They will have access to a single room. C. They are provided with good security. D. They are advised to direct comedy shows. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学预科学生暑期课程SPP，主要包括其提供的学术生活和校园生活两个方面的信息。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据Academic life中“SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. (SPP邀请你加入我们来自87个国家的高中生暑期项目，与其他积极进取的青少年一起跨入大学生活和学术领域，这使您能够接受新的学术挑战，探索各种兴趣并考虑可能的专业)”可知，SPP会帮助高中生跨入大学生活和学术领域。由此推知，其目标应该是让高中生为大学生活做好充分准备。故选B项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Academic life中“And you can also earn up to eight college credit s by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. (你还可以通过与个别导师或作为小组项目的一部分进行深入的STEM研究来获得大学学分，多达8个学分)”可知，为获得所需的学分，学生应当进行STEM研究。故选A项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Campus/Residence life中“There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. (每个房间通常有两名学生，安全是我们的首要任务：宿舍有住校的大学工作人员和24小时保安)”可知，住在校园里的学生会有很好的安全保障。故选C项。 B Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic. For Brian, the timing could not have been worse. It was a stressful time between a wife carrying a baby, a dad battling brain cancer, and everything else going on in the news. Brian needed to do something productive and he turned to mow mowing lawns for stress relief. “I just decided to create my own good news, really just as a time filler,” says Brian. He wanted to help neighbors, just keeping himself busy mentally and physically. Brian offered his lawnmowing service free to seniors and people with disabilities in his community. As word spread of his good acts, the local media began picking up on the story. The attention got Brian thinking. There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com, and a kindness movement was born. Pretty soon, Brian had a large crowd of clients needing others to mow their lawns and an army of volunteers, from 18-year-olds in college to recent retirees. As news of his organization spread, he also began to attract donations to help with operating costs, which encouraged him to turn the service into a nonprofit. As the organization has evolved (演变), Brian has expanded his offerings to include other services like removing trees and clearing snow. But he believes the benefit of what his team does goes way beyond the practical. “We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well. And we’re hearing feedback not only directly from the people we’re helping, but also from their neighbors who thank us for helping make the community better. And I’m even receiving occasional letters from people that we might not even help, but they might have just been at the time looking for some uplifting news.” lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.” 24. What got Brian into a bad situation? A. Taking care of a baby. B. Being out of work. C. Fighting against cancer. D. Being reported in news. 25. Why did Brian create the website? A. To gain more public attention. B. To provide a wider range of services. C. To raise donations for people in need. D. To collect news of kindness movements. 26. What can we learn about Brian’s organization? A. It puts forward plans on bettering the community. B. It requires people to give feedback on the offerings. C. It reduces the unemployment among people in need. D. It gives people spiritual support as well as direct help. 27. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Good things take time. B. Every moment matters. C. We rise by lifting others. D. Fame brings opportunities. 【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情失业背景下，免费为社区的老年人和残疾人提供修剪草坪的服务，创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com帮助更多需要服务的人，既帮助了别人，也升华了自己。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Brian Schwartz became one of the many to turn jobless under the epidemic.(布莱恩·施瓦茨(Brian Schwartz)成为疫情下失业的众多人之一。)”可知，失业使布莱恩陷入了困境。故选B。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There was clearly a broader need for what he was offering. So he decided to launch a website, loanttomowyourlaen.com,and a kindness movement was born.(显然，他所提供的东西有更广泛的需求。于是，他决定创办一个网站loanttomowyourlaen.com，一场善意运动就此诞生)”可知，Brian创立网站是为了提供更广泛的服务。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We are not only providing them with financial relief,” he says. “It’s mental and physical relief as well.”(“我们不仅为他们提供经济援助，”他说。“这是精神和身体上的放松。”)”可知，Brian的组织给人们精神上的支持以及直接的帮助。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“lwanttomouwyourlawn.com has become a passion. Not least of all for the benefits the kindness brings. “It stimulates my mind, my body and my soul just by helping others,” he says. “It’s a really good feeling. I feel like I’m doing something that has some meaning and purpose.”(Lwanttomouwyourlawn.com已经成为一种激情。尤其是这种善意所带来的好处。“通过帮助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身体和灵魂。这种感觉真的很好。我觉得我做的事情是有意义和目的的。”)”可知，我们从文章中能得出我们通过帮助别人而得到升华。故选C。 C In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), water is more valuable than oil. To support its citizens, the nation relies on expensive campaigns of cloud seeding from aircraft, which spray particles(喷洒微粒) into passing clouds to make rainfall. But according to Oliver Branch, a climate scientist, there may be another method to stir up a rainmaker: with city-size solar farms that create their own weather. The heat from dark solar panels can cause updrafts that sometimes lead to rainstorms, providing water for local people. “Maybe it’s not science fiction that we can produce this effect,” says Branch, who led the work. Few studies have examined how renewable energy might shift weather patterns. In 2020, Branch found that incredibly large solar farms, taking up more than 1 million square kilometers in the Sahara desert, could boost local rainfall. But the reward would come with a cost, the researchers found: By altering wind patterns, the solar farms would push tropical rain bands north. That’s not good news for the Amazon areas. To find more, researchers turned to a weather model that can account for land surface changes. They modeled the solar farms as nearly black fields that absorbed 95%of the sunlight, surrounded by relatively reflective sand. When the solar farms reached 15 square kilometers, they found, the increased heat they absorbed appreciably increased the updrafts, or convection, that drive cloud formation. Hacking convection wasn’t enough, however: damp air was also needed. When conditions were ripe, the model also found, a 20-square-kilometer solar field would increase a storm’s total rainfall by nearly 600,000 cubic meters. If such rainstorms occurred 10 times in one summer, they would provide enough water to support more than 30,000 people for a year. Solar farms in China and elsewhere are nearly big enough, Branch says. If they were built in the right spots, it wouldn’t take much to darken the panels and to plant dark crops between panel rows. Still they’re trying to improve the realism of their solar panel simulations by cross-checking them with field measurements at existing solar farms. The UAE “is committed to studying the potentially dynamic strategies, such as optimizing convection,” says Alya Al, director of the UAE’s Research Program. For now, she adds, the UAE is deeply committed to its cloud seeding program, carrying out some 300 missions each year. 28. In his study, Branch attempts to produce rainfall ________. A. by way of updrafts formed on solar farms B. by spraying particles into passing clouds C. by means of relatively reflective sand D. by planting dark crops 29. The model is designed to find out ________. A. the ripe conditions for building a solar farm B. the realistic size of a solar farm for rainfall increase C. the annual amount of water consumption in the UAE D. the heat absorption rate of the solar panels in the black fields 30. What can we learn about Branch’s method? A. It is not supported by the director. B. It needs great investment if applied. C. It remains to be further tested in practice. D. It has promoted cloud seeding in the UAE. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一种利用太阳能发电厂增加降雨的方式。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“But according to Oliver Branch, a climate scientist, there may be another method to stir up a rainmaker: with city-size solar farms that create their own weather. The heat from dark solar panels can cause updrafts that sometimes lead to rainstorms, providing water for local people. ( 但据气候科学家奥利弗·布兰奇(Oliver Branch)说，也许还有另一种方法来制造“造雨者”:用城市大小的太阳能农场来创造自己的天气。来自黑暗太阳能电池板的热量会引起上升气流，有时会导致暴风雨，为当地人提供水。)”可知，在研究中，Branch努力通过太阳能发电场形成的上升气流造雨。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“In 2020, Branch found that incredibly large solar farms, taking up more than 1 million square kilometers in the Sahara desert, could boost local rainfall.( 2020年，布兰奇发现，在撒哈拉沙漠占地100多万平方公里的大型太阳能农场可以增加当地的降雨量。)”和第三段的“To find more, researchers turned to a weather model that can account for land surface changes…When the solar farms reached 15 square kilometers, they found, the increased heat they absorbed appreciably increased the updrafts, or convection, that drive cloud formation.(为了发现更多的信息，研究人员求助于一个可以解释地表变化的天气模型……他们发现,当太阳能农场达到15平方公里时,他们吸收的热量增加,大大增加了上升气流,或对流,从而驱动云层的形成。)”可知，设计天气模型是为了弄清楚增加降雨的太阳能农场的实际规模。故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Still they’re trying to improve the realism of their solar panel simulations by cross-checking them with field measurements at existing solar farms. (尽管如此，他们仍在试图通过与现有太阳能农场的现场测量交叉检查来提高太阳能电池板模拟的真实感。)”可知，Branch的方法仍旧需要进一步检验。故选C。 D A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness. If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon. Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest. At its worst, this idea is based on a warped logic. Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down. The emissions have been taken out of the world’s “carbon budget”, so treating them as anew debit means double counting. The right question to ask is whether it is worth using the remaining carbon budget to repair a building or it is better to knock it down. Choosing between these possibilities requires thinking about the unseen. It used to be said that construction emitted two types of emissions. Besides the embodied sort, there were operational ones from cooling, heating and providing electricity to residents. Around the world, buildings account for 39% of annual emissions, according to the World Green Building Council, of which 28% come from operational carbon. These two types of emissions might be enough for the architects designing an individual building. But when it comes to broader questions, economists ought also to consider how the placement of buildings affects the manner in which people work, shop and travel. Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions. Without such demolition, potential residents would typically have to move to the suburbs instead, saving money on rent but consuming more energy. Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight. 31 The first two paragraphs are written to ________. A. exemplify an outlook on energy conservation B. present a new way of relieving energy crisis C. explain people’s reaction to a broken window D. introduce an argument on carbon emission 32. What does the underlined word “warped” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Unsound. B. Complicated. C. Distinctive. D. Underlying. 33. What can be learnt from the passage? A. Operational carbon accounts for a larger share of carbon emission. B. Repairing old buildings outweighs demolition in energy conservation. C. Higher residential density near public transport may help reduce emission. D. Stopping residents from living in new buildings is sensible to energy saving. 34. As for decarbonization of the built environment, which would the author agree with? A. Interests of NIMBYs are worthy of consideration. B. A comprehensive insight into emission is essential. C. Upgrading construction materials should be prioritized. D. Every resident should do their bit in reducing carbon emission. 【答案】31 D 32. A 33. C 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了建筑行业中的“隐含碳”问题，指出建筑物中的砖块和混凝土是过去排放的遗迹。从逻辑上讲，它们是隐含的碳。无论是修缮还是拆除现有建筑，建筑所释放的温室气体都将使地球升温。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“A shopkeeper’s son breaks a window, causing a crowd to gather. They tell the shopkeeper not to be angry: actually, the broken window is a reason to celebrate, since it will create work for the glazier (装玻璃的工人). In the story, written by a 19th-century economist, the crowd envisions the work involved in repairing the window, but not that involved in everything else on which the shopkeeper could have spent his money — unseen possibilities that would have brought him greater happiness.(一个店主的儿子打破了一扇窗户，引起了一群人的聚集。他们告诉店主不要生气：实际上，打破窗户是一个值得庆祝的理由，因为这将为玻璃匠创造工作机会。在这个由一位19世纪经济学家撰写的故事中，人们想象的是修理窗户的工作，而不是店主本可以花钱购买的其他东西，这些东西看不见，可能会给他带来更大的幸福)”以及第二段“If that window were to be broken these days, people might have a different reaction, especially if they were NIMBYs (Not In My Back Yard) who oppose any local construction that affects their quality of life. Their concern might be with the “embodied carbon”. The production of a piece of glass would carry a sizeable carbon cost. Similarly, the bricks and concrete in a building are relics of past emissions. They are, the logic goes, embodied carbon.(如果这扇窗户现在被打破了，人们可能会有不同的反应，特别是如果他们是邻避主义者（不要在我的后院），他们反对任何影响他们生活质量的地方建设。他们担心的可能是“隐含碳”。一块玻璃的生产将带来相当大的碳成本。同样，建筑物中的砖块和混凝土是过去排放的遗迹。从逻辑上讲，它们是隐含的碳)”可推知，前两段是用来介绍一个关于碳排放的论点。故选D。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Conserving what already exists, rather than adding to the building stock, will avoid increasing these embodied emissions — or so NIMBYs often suggest.(保护已经存在的东西，而不是增加建筑存量，将避免增加这些隐含的排放——邻避主义者经常这样建议)”以及“Greenhouse gases released by the construction of an existing building will heat the planet whether the building is repaired or knocked down.(无论是修缮还是拆除现有建筑，建筑所释放的温室气体都将使地球升温)”可知，邻避主义者的建议是不健康的，故划线词意思是“不健康的”。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Density (密度) lowers the per-person cost of public transport, and this reduces car use. Research by Green Alliance, a pressure group, suggests that in Britain a policy of “demolish (拆除) and densify” — replacing semi-detached housing near public transport with blocks of flats — would save substantial emissions.(人口密度降低了公共交通的人均成本，从而减少了汽车的使用。压力集团绿色联盟的研究表明，在英国，“拆除和密集”政策——用公寓楼取代公共交通附近的半独立式住房——将节省大量的排放)”可知，公共交通附近较高的住宅密度可能有助于减少排放。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Targeted subsidies (补贴), especially for research and development into construction materials, could speed up the pace at which the built environment decarbonises. What will never work, however, is allowing the loudest voices to decide how to use land and ignoring the carbon emissions of their would-be neighbours once they are out of sight.(有针对性的补贴，尤其是对建筑材料研发的补贴，可能会加快建筑环境脱碳的步伐。然而，允许最响亮的声音来决定如何使用土地，而忽视潜在邻居在视线之外的碳排放，这是永远行不通的)”可推知，关于建筑环境的脱碳，作者同意对排放的全面了解是必要的。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. ____35____ But are we hardwired (本能的) for it? According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not. All humans, given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. ____36____ We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch. ____37____ We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that would make sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering. But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. ____38____ Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. ____39____ So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht. A. Think about things like running a marathon. B. It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way. C. It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness. D. We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing. E. But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort. F. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. G. Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle. 【答案】35. C 36. E 37. B 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类有时是懒惰的，最小化付出的努力，同时最大化努力所得到的回报，但是有时候也会毫无理由地做一些非常困难的事情，比如马拉松和填字游戏。文章对此进行了介绍。 【35题详解】 根据前文“At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy.(在一天结束的时候，我们大多数人发现自己躺在沙发上，眼睛盯着电视或智能手机，尽我们所能来节省能量。)”可知，此处是指人类在偷懒这方面很有天赋，所以选项C“看来我们人类在懒惰方面是有天赋的。”切合文意。故选C。 【36题详解】 根据后文“We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort.(我们总是最小化我们的努力，同时最大化我们的努力所得到的回报。)”可知，此处是指我们会使自己的努力最经济，所以选项E“But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort.(但这肯定意味着我们的努力是经济的。)”切合文意。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据后文“We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it.(我们不能确定这是否有进化的目的。)”可知，此处是指目前并不清楚人类为什么会懒惰，所以选项B“目前还不完全清楚为什么人类会有这种行为。”切合文意。故选B。 【38题详解】 根据后文“Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。)”和前文“Some rewards only come from extensive effort.(有些回报只来自于大量的努力。)”可知，此处是用马拉松来对前文进行举例说明，所以选项A“想想跑马拉松这样的事情。”切合文意。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。但我们还是会这样做，因为付出努力会让我们感觉良好，Inzlicht说。)”可知，此处是举出像马拉松这样的类似的例子，所以选项G“同样地，我们可能会从做填字游戏中获得愉悦感或精通感。”切合文意。故选G。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon, such as emphasizing the importance of honest behaviors or valuing effort and persistence in achieving goals. They are fundamental and determine how members of a home interact with each other and with the world. Family values determine what you think is important and what is good. These values can help you stay consistent when making decisions in everyday life, especially in moments of uncertainty. This is particularly true when you’re going to make quick decisions based on an emotional reaction. For example, if honesty and communication are your important family values, you’re more likely to approach conflicts with an open mind and a willing heart to talk through issues. When finding your family member has lied to you, instead of acting thoughtlessly, you know what to do—have a talk sincerely. Family values serve as a guiding force within the home, but their impact extends far beyond, shaping societal norms and behaviors. For example, if several families plant generosity in their values, the next generation will grow up to be more generous. As a result, adults in this generation are more likely to take other people’s needs into consideration when making difficult choices. They become positive contributors to the society, developing an atmosphere of care and consideration that enhances communal well-being. Great influence as it has, family values are not taught consciously. Often, they get passed down without being noticed. Those values don’t ever get questioned. Whether you’ve outlined them or not, they’re present. And once you take ownership of those values, you can shape them to be in line with what you expect your family to be. 40. What are family values? _________________________________________________________________________ 41. How can family values help to make decisions in everyday life? _________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Family values have great influence within the home, but they have nothing to do with shaping common behaviors and rules in a society. ________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please share one of your family values and explain how it influences you. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon. 41 They can help you stay consistent. 42. Family values have great influence within the home, but they have nothing to do with shaping common behaviors and rules in a society. Family values serve as a guiding force within the home, but their impact extends far beyond, shaping societal norms and behaviors. 43. My family value is that we should help those who are in need. It plays a role that guide me to be an excellent individual and do meaningful things. It is my family value that makes me learn about helping others. 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。文章陈述了家庭价值观的概念以及其对一个人的悄无声息的影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon, such as emphasizing the importance of honest behaviors or valuing effort and persistence in achieving goals.(家庭价值观是一个家庭所认同的一系列原则和信念，比如强调诚实行为的重要性，或者重视努力和坚持来实现目标。)”可知，家庭价值观是一个家庭所认同的一系列原则和信念。故答案为Family values are a set of principles and beliefs that a family agrees upon. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Family values determine what you think is important and what is good. These values can help you stay consistent when making decisions in everyday life, especially in moments of uncertainty.(家庭价值观决定了你认为什么是重要的，什么是好的。这些价值观可以帮助你在日常生活中做出决定时保持一致，尤其是在不确定的时刻。)”可知，在日常生活中，家庭价值观有助于在做决定时保持一致。故答案为They can help you stay consistent. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Family values serve as a guiding force within the home, but their impact extends far beyond, shaping societal norms and behaviors.(家庭价值观是家庭内部的指导力量，但其影响远不止于此，它塑造了社会规范和行为。)”可知，家庭价值观不仅在家庭内部有重大的影响，但其影响远不止于此，它也塑造了社会规范和行为。故答案为Family values have great influence within the home, but they have nothing to do with shaping common behaviors and rules in a society. Because family values serve as a guiding force within the home, but their impact extends far beyond, shaping societal norms and behaviors. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。观点正确即可。例如，我的家庭价值观是我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人。它引导我成为一个优秀的人，做有意义的事情。正是我的家庭价值观让我学会了帮助别人。故答案为My family value is that we should help those who are in need. It plays a role that guide me to be an excellent individual and do meaningful things. It is my family value that makes me learn about helping others. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你校交换生Jim对中国的非物质文化遗产非常感兴趣，这个周末在国家博物馆将举办一场非遗文化展。请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他一同前往。邮件内容包括： 1．介绍活动； 2．发出邀请。 注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 提示词：国家博物馆 National Museum of China 非物质文化遗产展览 intangible cultural heritage exhibition Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Knowing that you are very interested in China’s intangible cultural heritage, I’m writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me. This exhibition mainly displays some of China’s intangible cultural heritages, including Chinese calligraphy, Chinese paper-cutting, Chinese seal cutting and so on, which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance. Visiting this exhibition can give you a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage. You must be amazed at the depth of Chinese culture. Would you like to come? I’m looking forward to meeting you at the exhihition. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他和你一起去在国家博物馆将举办的一场非遗文化展。 【详解】1.词汇积累 展览：exhibition→display 展出：display→exhibit 目前的：present→current 宝贵的：precious→valuable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Visiting this exhibition can give you a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage. 拓展句：If you visit this exhibition, you will have a deeper understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are very interested in China’s intangible cultural heritage, I’m writing to invite you to visit an intangible cultural heritage exhibition in National Museum of China with me. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] This exhibition mainly displays some of China’s intangible cultural heritages, including Chinese calligraphy, Chinese paper-cutting, Chinese seal cutting and so on, which will let you see the present situation of these precious heritages and their great significance. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $