新高考英语热点阅读5-新能源8篇（包含背诵版主题词汇） -2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

新能源主题高考英语阅读 Passage 1 说明文： Solid-State Batteries: The Future of Electric Vehicles As the global push for carbon neutrality accelerates, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a key part of the energy transition. However, traditional lithium-ion batteries—with their liquid electrolytes—still face critical limitations: limited driving range, long charging times, and safety risks like leakage or combustion. To overcome these challenges, solid-state batteries have emerged as a revolutionary technology, promising to reshape the future of transportation and renewable energy storage. Solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid materials such as lithium phosphorus oxynitride, fundamentally changing the battery’s structure and performance. Their most notable advantage is higher energy density—they can store 2-3 times more energy than traditional lithium-ion batteries in the same volume. This means an EV powered by a solid-state battery could travel over 1,000 kilometers on a single charge, eliminating "range anxiety" for consumers. Safety is another major breakthrough: solid electrolytes are non-flammable, drastically reducing the risk of fires even when the battery is damaged or overheated. Additionally, these batteries charge much faster—some prototypes can reach 80% capacity in just 10 minutes—and have a longer lifespan, lasting up to 10 years or 3,000 charging cycles. Despite these advantages, mass production of solid-state batteries still faces hurdles. The manufacturing process requires precise control of materials and temperatures, leading to higher initial costs. Researchers are also working to improve the compatibility between solid electrolytes and electrode materials to enhance long-term stability. Major automakers and tech companies are investing billions in research: Toyota plans to launch EVs with solid-state batteries by 2027, while Chinese firms are building pilot factories to scale up production. The impact of solid-state batteries extends beyond transportation. They can be made in smaller, more flexible shapes, enabling their use in portable electronics, renewable energy storage systems, and even medical devices. By resolving the key pain points of current battery technology, solid-state batteries are not just a technical upgrade—they are a game-changer for global decarbonization efforts. As materials scientist Dr. Elena Martinez notes, "This technology will unlock the full potential of electric vehicles and renewable energy, bringing us closer to a sustainable future." 1. (细节理解) What is the main advantage of solid-state batteries over traditional lithium-ion batteries? A. They are cheaper to produce in large quantities. B. They have higher energy density and better safety. C. They use liquid electrolytes for faster charging. D. They are larger in size but lighter in weight. 2. (词义猜测) The underlined phrase "range anxiety" in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ________. A. the fear of running out of battery power during travel B. the worry about the high cost of electric vehicles C. the concern over the lack of charging stations D. the stress of maintaining battery performance 3. (推理判断) What can we infer about the mass production of solid-state batteries? A. It has been fully achieved by major automakers worldwide. B. It is being accelerated through large-scale investments. C. It faces no technical challenges due to mature technology. D. It will replace all lithium-ion batteries within two years. 4. (主旨大意) What is the main idea of the passage? A. The global carbon neutrality goal and its impact on transportation. B. The limitations of traditional lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. C. How solid-state batteries work and their potential in energy transition. D. The competition between global companies in battery technology. Passage 2 说明文： China’s Leadership in Renewable Energy Development Over the past two decades, China has transformed from a major consumer of fossil fuels to a global leader in renewable energy, driving innovation and deployment across solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal sectors. This shift not only addresses environmental challenges but also positions China as a key player in the global energy revolution. Solar power stands out as a flagship achievement. China is the world’s largest producer of solar panels and has the largest installed solar capacity, with vast solar farms spread across Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang provinces. Technological advancements have reduced the cost of solar electricity by over 80% since 2010, making it competitive with coal-fired power in many regions. In rural areas, distributed solar systems have brought electricity to remote villages, improving living standards while reducing carbon emissions. Wind energy is another pillar of China’s renewable strategy. The country’s onshore wind farms, particularly in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, harness strong and consistent winds to generate massive amounts of clean electricity. Offshore wind power is also expanding rapidly—China now has the world’s largest offshore wind capacity, with projects along the eastern coast utilizing abundant marine wind resources. Researchers predict that by 2030, wind energy alone could meet all of China’s electricity demands. Hydropower remains a stable foundation of China’s renewable energy mix. The Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest hydropower project, generates over 100 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, powering millions of homes and businesses. Smaller hydropower stations in mountainous regions also contribute significantly, providing reliable energy while protecting local ecosystems. China’s renewable energy development is not just about domestic needs—it also supports global sustainability. The country exports solar panels, wind turbines, and hydropower technology to over 100 countries, helping developing nations access clean energy. As the International Energy Agency (IEA) reports, "China’s investment in renewable energy has accelerated the global energy transition, making clean power more affordable and accessible worldwide." 5. (细节理解) Which renewable energy sector has China achieved the world’s largest installed capacity in both onshore and offshore fields? A. Solar power B. Wind energy C. Hydropower D. Geothermal energy 6. (细节理解) What makes solar power competitive with coal-fired power in China? A. Government subsidies for solar projects B. B. The large size of solar farms in rural areas C. Significant cost reduction through technology D. Abundant sunlight in western provinces 7. (推理判断) What can we infer about China’s renewable energy development? A. It focuses solely on meeting domestic electricity demands. B. It has no need for fossil fuels in its energy mix now. C. It contributes to global clean energy accessibility. D. It relies mainly on hydropower for stable energy supply. 8. (观点态度) What is the IEA’s attitude towards China’s renewable energy efforts? A. Critical B. Unconcerned C. Praiseful D. Doubtful Passage 3 议论文： Hydrogen: A Versatile Green Energy Solution As the world seeks to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a versatile and promising green energy carrier, capable of powering industries, transportation, and homes while producing zero carbon emissions. Unlike battery energy, which is limited by storage capacity, hydrogen can be stored for long periods and transported over long distances, making it a key complement to intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind. Green hydrogen—produced by splitting water using electricity from renewable sources—is the most environmentally friendly form of hydrogen. Unlike "gray hydrogen" (made from natural gas), green hydrogen emits no carbon dioxide during production. This makes it ideal for sectors that are hard to decarbonize, such as heavy industry and long-haul transportation. For example, hydrogen fuel cells can power trucks, ships, and airplanes, which require high energy density and quick refueling—areas where battery technology struggles. Another advantage of hydrogen is its flexibility in storage and use. It can be stored in tanks as a gas or liquid, or even converted into ammonia for easier transportation. During periods of low energy demand, excess electricity from solar and wind farms can be used to produce hydrogen, which is then stored for use when renewable generation is low. This solves the critical problem of energy storage for intermittent renewables, ensuring a stable and reliable energy supply. Despite its potential, hydrogen energy faces challenges that need to be addressed. The production cost of green hydrogen is still high due to the need for expensive electrolyzers and large amounts of renewable electricity. Additionally, the infrastructure for hydrogen transportation and refueling is underdeveloped compared to electric vehicle charging stations. However, governments and companies worldwide are investing heavily in solving these issues: the European Union has launched a Hydrogen Strategy with €43 billion in funding, while China is building over 1,000 hydrogen refueling stations by 2030. Hydrogen energy is not a replacement for other renewables but a vital part of a comprehensive green energy system. It complements solar and wind power by addressing their storage limitations and powers sectors that batteries cannot. As energy expert Dr. James Wilson states, "Hydrogen will be the missing link in the global energy transition, enabling us to achieve carbon neutrality across all sectors of the economy." 9. (细节理解) What makes green hydrogen different from gray hydrogen? A. It is cheaper to produce on a large scale. B. It uses renewable energy and emits no CO₂. C. It is stored as liquid rather than gas. D. It is mainly used for small-scale transportation. 10. (推理判断) Why is hydrogen suitable for heavy industry and long-haul transportation? A. It has high energy density and can be refueled quickly. B. It is cheaper than battery energy for large vehicles. C. It produces more electricity than solar and wind power. D. It requires no special infrastructure for transportation. 11. (词义猜测) The underlined word "intermittent" in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. reliable and consistent B. producing zero emissions C. stopping and starting at irregular intervals D. requiring large storage space 12. (主旨大意) What is the main argument of the passage? A. Hydrogen energy will soon replace all other renewable energy sources. B. Green hydrogen is the cheapest form of energy for industrial use. C. Hydrogen plays a crucial role in a comprehensive green energy system. D. The challenges of hydrogen energy make it impractical for global use. Passage 4 说明文： Raindrop Power: A New Frontier in Renewable Energy While solar and wind power dominate the renewable energy landscape, scientists are exploring innovative ways to harness energy from everyday natural phenomena—including raindrops. This emerging technology, known as raindrop power, converts the kinetic energy of falling rain into electricity, offering a promising supplement to traditional renewables, especially in rainy regions where solar energy is limited. The principle behind raindrop power lies in charge separation—a process where opposite charges are separated when raindrops strike a surface, creating an electric potential. Traditional attempts to capture this energy were inefficient because continuous water flow limited charge accumulation. However, researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a breakthrough device that solves this problem. Their design uses narrow tubes (about 2 millimeters wide) where raindrops form "plug flow"—mini water columns separated by air gaps. This structure maximizes surface contact between water and the tube, generating 100,000 times more charge separation than continuous flow systems. In laboratory tests, four such tubes produced enough electricity to power 12 LED lights continuously for 20 seconds. While this may seem modest, the technology has enormous potential for scaling up. Imagine rooftop rain collection systems that generate electricity during storms, or small devices integrated into smartphone cases that recharge devices with rainwater. In countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and India—where rainfall is abundant—raindrop power could become a valuable local energy source, reducing reliance on grid electricity. Raindrop power also offers unique advantages: it operates silently, requires no large land areas, and has minimal environmental impact. Unlike hydropower, which depends on large water flows from rivers or dams, it can be deployed in cities and rural areas alike. Researchers are now working to improve the efficiency of the devices and reduce production costs. By using cheaper materials like carbon fiber and optimizing the tube design, they aim to make raindrop power competitive with other renewables within a decade. As climate change increases the frequency of extreme rainfall events, raindrop power could turn a potential hazard into a valuable resource. "We are only beginning to tap into the energy of raindrops," says Professor Lim Wei from NUS. "This technology represents a small step for renewable energy, but it could lead to a giant leap in our ability to harness clean energy from the natural world." 13. (细节理解) What is the key innovation of the NUS researchers’ device? A. It uses continuous water flow to accumulate charge. B. It converts raindrop kinetic energy into electric potential. C. It employs "plug flow" to maximize charge separation. D. It uses large tubes to collect more raindrops at once. 14. (细节理解) Where is raindrop power particularly suitable for deployment? A. Arid regions with little rainfall B. Areas with abundant sunlight and wind C. Rainy regions where solar energy is limited D. Large cities with advanced hydropower systems 15. (推理判断) What can we infer about the future of raindrop power? A. It will soon replace solar and wind power in rainy countries. B. Improvements in efficiency and cost will expand its use. C. It will only be used for powering small electronic devices. D. It requires large-scale dams to collect enough rainwater. 16. (观点态度) What is Professor Lim Wei’s attitude towards raindrop power? A. Optimistic B. Critical C. Uninterested D. Pessimistic Passage 5 说明文： Advanced Solid-State Batteries: Breaking Through Mass Production Barriers Solid-state batteries have long been hailed as the "holy grail" of energy storage, but turning their technical potential into mass-produced reality has remained a challenge. Recent breakthroughs in material science and manufacturing technology, however, are bringing this game-changing technology closer to widespread use in electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and renewable energy storage systems. Unlike traditional lithium-ion batteries with flammable liquid electrolytes, solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes like lithium phosphorus oxynitride, which offer higher energy density, faster charging, and enhanced safety. A key advancement comes from a team of researchers at Stanford University, who developed a scalable production method using "roll-to-roll" manufacturing—similar to how newspapers are printed—reducing production costs by 40% compared to previous lab-scale methods. This technique allows for continuous production of thin, flexible solid electrolyte sheets, which can be easily integrated into existing battery manufacturing lines. Another critical breakthrough is the development of composite solid electrolytes that improve compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode materials. Early solid-state batteries suffered from high internal resistance due to poor contact between components, leading to reduced performance over time. The new composite materials, which combine inorganic solids with polymer binders, create a seamless interface that allows lithium ions to move freely, boosting battery efficiency and lifespan to over 4,000 charging cycles—twice that of premium lithium-ion batteries. Major manufacturers are racing to scale up production. Toyota has partnered with battery material firm Idemitsu Kosan to build a pilot plant in Japan, aiming to mass-produce solid-state batteries by 2027 with a charging time of just 10 minutes for 80% capacity. Chinese EV giant BYD has announced its own solid-state battery production line, which will power its next-generation EVs with a driving range of 1,200 kilometers. Meanwhile, researchers are exploring the use of sodium-based solid electrolytes as a low-cost alternative to lithium, addressing concerns about lithium resource scarcity. Despite these progress, challenges remain. Ensuring consistent quality control in mass production and reducing reliance on rare earth materials are top priorities. As energy storage expert Dr. Mark Chen notes, "Solid-state batteries are no longer just a laboratory curiosity—they are entering the industrialization era, and their impact on the global energy transition will be profound." 17. (细节理解) What is the advantage of the "roll-to-roll" manufacturing method? A. It produces more flexible EVs with longer driving ranges. B. It reduces solid-state battery production costs significantly. C. It uses flammable liquid electrolytes for faster charging. D. It eliminates the need for electrolyte and electrode materials. 18. (词义猜测) The underlined word "compatibility" in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. the ability to work together smoothly B. the tendency to reduce energy consumption C. the feature of being resistant to high temperatures D. the quality of being easily replaced 19. (推理判断) What can we infer about sodium-based solid electrolytes? A. They have replaced lithium-based electrolytes in mass production. B. They help solve the problem of limited lithium resources. C. They are more expensive but safer than lithium alternatives. D. They are currently used in most commercial EV batteries. 20. (主旨大意) What is the main focus of the passage? A. The historical development of lithium-ion batteries. B. The challenges of renewable energy storage systems. C. Recent breakthroughs in solid-state battery mass production. D. The global competition between major EV manufacturers. Passage 6 说明文： Pollinator-Friendly Solar Farms: A Win-Win for Energy and Ecology Solar energy has become a cornerstone of global renewable energy strategies, but traditional solar farms often face criticism for occupying large areas of land and damaging local ecosystems. However, a new trend—pollinator-friendly solar farms—is changing this narrative, creating a synergy between clean energy production and biodiversity conservation that benefits both the environment and agriculture. The concept is simple: instead of covering the ground under solar panels with stones or chemical weed killers, developers plant native flowering plants that provide food and habitat for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. These plants not only support declining pollinator populations but also improve soil health, reduce erosion, and lower maintenance costs by naturally suppressing weeds. A study by the U.S. Department of Energy found that pollinator-friendly solar farms can increase local pollinator diversity by up to 75% while maintaining or even improving solar panel efficiency. This approach addresses two pressing global issues simultaneously. Pollinators are critical to agricultural productivity—over 75% of global food crops depend on animal pollination, yet their populations have declined sharply due to habitat loss and pesticide use. Solar farms, which typically cover vast areas of land, offer an opportunity to restore millions of acres of pollinator habitat. In Iowa, a 200-acre pollinator-friendly solar farm now supports over 50 species of bees and contributes to the pollination of nearby corn and soybean fields, boosting crop yields by 12%. The benefits extend beyond ecology. For farmers who lease their land for solar development, pollinator-friendly designs provide additional income streams—some farms integrate sheep grazing or native seed harvesting alongside solar panels. Local communities also benefit from improved air quality and reduced carbon emissions, while solar developers gain social acceptance and often qualify for government incentives for sustainable land use. As the movement grows, guidelines for pollinator-friendly solar development are emerging. Organizations like the Pollinator Partnership have developed standards for plant selection and maintenance, ensuring that solar farms support local ecosystems rather than introducing invasive species. With over 28 U.S. states passing laws to promote pollinator habitat protection, and similar policies emerging in Europe and Asia, this win-win model is set to become a standard for future solar energy development. 21. (细节理解) What makes pollinator-friendly solar farms different from traditional ones? A. They use more efficient solar panels to save land. B. They plant native flowering plants under solar panels. C. They rely on chemical weed killers to maintain grounds. D. They occupy smaller areas of land for energy production. 22. (细节理解) Why are pollinators important for agriculture? A. They help reduce carbon emissions from farms. B. They improve solar panel efficiency indirectly. C. Most food crops depend on them for pollination. D. They prevent invasive species from spreading. 23. (推理判断) What can we infer about farmers who participate in pollinator-friendly solar projects? A. They lose income due to reduced land for farming. B. They can earn extra money through additional activities. C. They have to use more pesticides to protect crops. D. They face difficulties in meeting solar development standards. 24. (观点态度) What is the author’s attitude towards pollinator-friendly solar farms? A. Critical B. Neutral C. Skeptical D. Supportive Passage 7 议论文： Biomass Energy: A Sustainable Complement to Solar and Wind As the world transitions to renewable energy, solar and wind power often take center stage, but biomass energy—derived from organic materials like agricultural residues, wood waste, and organic household garbage—deserves greater attention as a reliable, versatile complement that addresses the limitations of intermittent renewables. Unlike solar and wind, which depend on weather conditions, biomass energy can provide continuous power 24/7, making it an ideal solution for energy storage and grid stability. When excess electricity is generated from solar or wind farms, it can be used to convert biomass into biogas or biofuels through thermal or biochemical processes, which can be stored and used when renewable generation is low. This flexibility helps solve the critical problem of energy intermittency that has long hindered the widespread adoption of solar and wind power. Biomass energy also offers unique environmental benefits. When sustainably sourced—such as using agricultural residues like corn stalks or forestry waste rather than harvesting intact forests—it can be carbon-neutral. The carbon dioxide released during biomass combustion is offset by the carbon absorbed by new plants grown to replace the used biomass, creating a closed carbon cycle. In contrast, fossil fuels release carbon that has been sequestered underground for millions of years, contributing to climate change. Furthermore, biomass energy supports rural economies by creating jobs in waste collection, processing, and energy production. In rural areas of India, small-scale biomass power plants have transformed agricultural waste into a valuable resource, providing electricity to remote villages while generating income for local farmers. Similarly, in Brazil, sugarcane bagasse—a byproduct of sugar production—is used to generate over 15% of the country’s electricity, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and creating rural employment. Critics argue that unsustainable biomass sourcing can lead to deforestation and soil degradation, but these issues can be addressed through strict regulations and certification systems. With proper management, biomass energy is not a competitor to solar and wind but a crucial part of a comprehensive renewable energy system. As energy expert Dr. Lisa Wong states, "Biomass fills the gaps that solar and wind leave, creating a more resilient and sustainable energy future for all." 25. (细节理解) What is the key advantage of biomass energy over solar and wind power? A. It is completely carbon-free and pollution-free. B. It can provide continuous power regardless of weather. C. It requires no technical processing before use. D. It is cheaper to produce than all other renewables. 26. (推理判断) Why is biomass energy considered carbon-neutral when sustainably sourced? A. It releases no carbon dioxide during combustion. B. It uses carbon captured by new plants to offset emissions. C. It relies on fossil fuels for processing and storage. D. It absorbs more carbon than it releases during growth. 27. (词义猜测) The underlined word "intermittency" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. the state of being available only at irregular intervals B. the feature of being harmful to the environment C. the quality of being expensive to produce D. the tendency to cause grid instability 28. (主旨大意) What is the main argument of the passage? A. Biomass energy should replace solar and wind power globally. B. Biomass energy is a vital complement to intermittent renewables. C. Solar and wind power are less sustainable than biomass energy. D. Biomass energy is the only solution to grid stability problems. Passage 8 说明文： China’s NEV Revolution: Technology, Infrastructure and Global Impact Over the past decade, China has emerged as a global leader in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, transforming from a latecomer to an innovator with world-class technology, a comprehensive infrastructure network, and a growing global footprint that is reshaping the future of transportation. The numbers tell a compelling story: by the end of 2024, China’s NEV ownership had reached 31.4 million ，accounting for nearly 9% of the country’s total vehicle population. In 2024 alone, 11.25 million new NEVs were registered, representing 41.83% of all new car registrations—an increase of 51.49% from 2023. This explosive growth is driven by three key factors: technological innovation, supportive policies, and a robust infrastructure network. Technological breakthroughs have been central to China’s NEV success. Domestic brands like BYD, NIO, and Xiaomi have invested heavily in core technologies, from battery systems to intelligent driving. BYD’s blade battery has set new standards for safety and energy density, while Xiaomi’s SU7 sedan features advanced driver-assistance systems and an intelligent cockpit that integrates seamlessly with smart devices. These innovations have not only improved vehicle performance but also reduced costs, making NEVs accessible to a broader range of consumers. Infrastructure development has also played a critical role. China now boasts the world’s largest charging network, with over 97% of highway service areas equipped with charging facilities. In urban areas, public charging piles are widely available in shopping malls, residential complexes, and office buildings, addressing the "range anxiety" that once discouraged potential buyers. The government has supported this growth through subsidies, tax incentives, and preferential policies like license plate quotas for NEVs. China’s NEV revolution is not just a domestic phenomenon—it has global implications. Chinese NEV exports have grown rapidly, with vehicles shipped to over 150 countries and regions. By promoting electric mobility, China is helping reduce global carbon emissions, while its technological innovations and cost-effective production models are driving the global transition to sustainable transportation. As the International Energy Agency notes, "China’s leadership in NEVs is accelerating the global energy transition, making clean mobility more affordable and accessible worldwide." 29. (细节理解) What is the main driver of China’s NEV explosive growth? A. Imported technologies from international brands. B. Technological innovation, policies, and infrastructure. C. High subsidies for all new car purchases. D. Limited access to traditional fuel-powered vehicles. 30. (细节理解) What is the advantage of BYD’s blade battery? A. It reduces the weight of NEVs significantly. B. It offers high safety and energy density. C. It allows NEVs to charge in just 5 minutes. D. It is the cheapest battery available globally. 31. (推理判断) What can we infer about China’s charging infrastructure? A. It is mainly concentrated in urban areas. B. B. It has solved the "range anxiety" problem. C. It is the most extensive in the world. D. It relies entirely on private investment. 32. (主旨大意) What is the main idea of the passage? A. The global competition in the NEV industry. B. China’s rise as a global leader in NEV development. C. The challenges facing China’s NEV industry. D. The impact of NEVs on global carbon emissions. Answer: 1-4BABC 5-8BCCC 9-12BACC 13-16CCBA 17-20BABC 21-24BCBD 25-28BBAB 29-32BBCB 新能源主题高考英语核心词汇 （基于 8 篇原文，剔除基础词汇，每日量均匀，聚焦考纲核心 + 主题高频） Day 1（生僻专业词 / 短语 + 高考重难点动词 / 动词短语，约 60 个） 一、生僻专业词 / 短语（30 个，主题认知必备） 1.solid-state battery 固态电池 2.lithium-ion battery 锂离子电池 3.liquid electrolyte 液态电解质 4.solid electrolyte 固态电解质 5.energy density 能量密度 6.carbon neutrality 碳中和 7.renewable energy 可再生能源 8.green hydrogen 绿氢 9.gray hydrogen 灰氢 10.hydrogen fuel cell 氢燃料电池 11.biomass energy 生物质能 12.new energy vehicle (NEV) 新能源汽车 13.blade battery 刀片电池 14.pollinator-friendly solar farm 传粉者友好型太阳能农场 15.onshore wind farm 陆上风电场 16.offshore wind farm 海上风电场 17.hydropower 水力发电 18.sodium-based solid electrolyte 钠基固态电解质 19.composite solid electrolyte 复合固态电解质 20.charging cycle 充电循环 21.grid stability 电网稳定性 22.agricultural residue 农业废弃物 23.energy transition 能源转型 24.mass production 大规模生产 25.range anxiety 里程焦虑 26.fossil fuel 化石燃料 27.technical breakthrough 技术突破 28.charging infrastructure 充电基础设施 29.pilot plant 中试工厂 30.scalable production 规模化生产 二、高考重难点动词 / 动词短语（30 个，必背活用） 1.accelerate 加速；促进 2.emerge 出现；兴起（emerge as） 3.replace 替代；取代（replace A with B） 4.eliminate 消除；根除 5.reduce 减少；降低（reduce...to...） 6.invest 投资；投入（invest in） 7.launch 推出；发起 8.scale up 扩大规模 9.extend 延伸；扩展（extend beyond） 10.resolve 解决；消除 11.harness 利用；开发 12.convert 转换；转化（convert...into...） 13.split 分裂；分解 14.store 储存；存储 15.transport 运输；运送 16.address 解决；处理 17.struggle 艰难应对；挣扎（struggle with） 18 promote 促进；推广 19.transform 转变；变革（transform from...to...） 20.drive 推动；驱动 21.improve 改进；提升 22. enhance 增强；提高 23. support 支持；支撑（support...with...） 24. contribute 贡献；促成（contribute to） 25. predict 预测；预言 26. integrate 整合；融入（integrate with） 27. maintain 维持；保持 28. deploy 部署；应用 29. tap into 利用；开发 30. rely on 依赖；依靠 Day 2（高考重难点名词，约 60 个） 1.limitation 限制；局限 2.risk 风险；危险 3.technology 技术；工艺 4.advantage 优势；好处（have an advantage over） 5.capacity 容量；产能 6.lifespan 使用寿命；生命周期 7.challenge 挑战；难题 8.cost 成本；费用 9.compatibility 兼容性；适配性 10.stability 稳定性；稳固性 11.investment 投资；投入 12.production 生产；制造 13.impact 影响；作用 14.potential 潜力；潜能 15.solution 解决方案（solution to） 16.sector 领域；行业 17.infrastructure 基础设施 18.innovation 创新；革新 19.policy 政策；方针 20.performance 性能；表现 21.access 获取；使用（access to） 22.efficiency 效率；效能 23.phenomenon 现象；迹象（复数 phenomena） 24.principle 原理；原则 25.resource 资源；资料（复数 resources） 26.sustainability 可持续性 27.economy 经济；经济体 28.regulation 法规；规章 29.narrative 说法；叙事 30.synergy 协同作用；协同效应 31.electrolyzer 电解槽 32.biogas 生物气；沼气 33.biofuel 生物燃料 34.electric potential 电势；电位 35.manufacturing process 制造工艺 36.storage system 存储系统 37.portable electronics 便携式电子设备 38.medical device 医疗设备 39.charging pile 充电桩 40.highway service area 高速公路服务区 41.license plate quota 车牌配额 42.tax incentive 税收优惠 43.government subsidy 政府补贴 44.carbon cycle 碳循环 45.soil degradation 土壤退化 46.biodiversity conservation 生物多样性保护 47.crop yield 农作物产量 48.waste collection 垃圾收集 49.rural employment 农村就业 50.global footprint 全球影响力 51.electric mobility 电动出行 52.zero carbon emission 零碳排放 53.internal resistance 内阻 54.carbon sequestration 碳封存 55.invasive species 入侵物种 56.polymer binder 聚合物粘结剂 57.intelligent cockpit 智能座舱 58.driver-assistance system 驾驶辅助系统 59.sugarcane bagasse 甘蔗渣 60.raindrop power 雨滴发电 Day 3（高考重难点形容词 / 副词 + 拓展词汇短语，约 60 个） 一、高考重难点形容词 / 副词（30 个） 1.revolutionary 革命性的；创新的 2.critical 关键的；重要的 3.flammable 易燃的；可燃的 4.non-flammable 不易燃的 5.scalable 可规模化的；可扩展的 6.flexible 灵活的；可弯曲的 7.seamless 无缝的；连贯的 8.reliable 可靠的；稳定的 9.versatile 多功能的；多用途的 10.environmentally friendly 环保的；对环境友好的 11.competitive 有竞争力的 12.abundant 丰富的；充裕的（abundant in） 13.sustainable 可持续的；能长期维持的 14.affordable 负担得起的 15.accessible 可获取的；易得到的（accessible to） 16.significant 显著的；重大的 17.dramatic 急剧的；显著的 18.potential 潜在的；可能的 19.crucial 至关重要的；关键的 20.intermittent 间歇性的；断断续续的 21.efficient 高效的；有成效的 22.massive 大量的；巨大的 23.robust 健全的；稳固的 24.mature 成熟的；完善的 25.profound 深远的；深刻的 26.drastically 急剧地；大幅度地 27.significantly 显著地；大大地 28.seamlessly 无缝地；连贯地 29.sustainably 可持续地 30.globally 全球范围内；在全世界 二、拓展词汇短语（30 个，主题拔高 + 写作衔接） （一）主题高频短语 1.technical upgrade 技术升级 2.game-changer 变革者；颠覆性事物 3.decarbonization effort 脱碳努力 4.energy storage 能源存储 5.power generation 发电 6.waste-to-energy 垃圾发电 7.carbon footprint 碳足迹 8.environmental impact 环境影响 9.policy support 政策支持 10.technological innovation 技术创新 11.industrialization era 工业化时代 12.laboratory curiosity 实验室阶段的探索 13.natural phenomenon 自然现象 14.rural area 农村地区 15.urban area 城市地区 16.clean energy 清洁能源 17.alternative energy 替代能源 18.energy mix 能源结构 19.grid electricity 电网电力 20.extreme rainfall event 极端降雨事件 （二）衔接 / 观点类短语 21.as...accelerates 随着…… 的推进 22.in contrast 相比之下；相反 23.furthermore 此外；而且 24.as...notes 正如…… 所说 25.not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且…… 26.by... 通过……（方式状语） 27.while 虽然；然而 28.in addition 此外；另外 29.unlike 不像；与…… 不同 30. aiming to 旨在；目的是 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $