新高考英语热点阅读3-微塑料治理（包涵词汇背诵清单） -2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

微塑料治理主题高考英语阅读 Passage 1 Reducing Microplastics in Tap Water: A Simple Solution Microplastics have become a worldwide environmental threat, existing in the deep sea, the Himalayan mountains and even Antarctic snow. They have been found in human bodies, raising widespread health worries. Now, a team of Chinese researchers has found a low-cost and easy way to reduce microplastics in tap water: boiling and filtering. In a study published in an environmental science magazine, the researchers tested tap water samples with different levels of calcium carbonate, a key factor in water hardness. Boiling hard water with 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter for five minutes, then filtering it after cooling, removed nearly 90 percent of microplastics. For soft water with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, the removal rate dropped to only 25 percent. The calcium carbonate in hard water forms small solids when boiled, which catch microplastic particles and are filtered out easily. The study only focused on three common microplastics—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and did not test other plastic types or chemicals in water. However, it still offers a practical method for families to cut down microplastic intake. Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, a Scottish environmental engineer, spoke highly of the study and suggested that water treatment plants should be improved to use this technology on a large scale. She said, "Small household methods are useful, but only industrial-level treatment can solve the problem completely." Bottled water, once considered a safer choice, is also not free of microplastics. A 2025 study found it contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than people thought before. This means reducing microplastic pollution needs joint efforts from individuals, researchers and governments. 1. (细节理解) What is the main result of the Chinese researchers’ study? A. Bottled water is much safer than tap water in microplastics. B. Boiling and filtering works well in reducing tap water microplastics. C. Soft water has a higher microplastic removal rate than hard water. D. Calcium carbonate in water is bad for human health with microplastics. 2. (细节理解) Why is hard water better for removing microplastics after boiling? A. It has more calcium carbonate to catch microplastic particles. B. Its temperature goes up faster during the boiling process. C. It has fewer types of microplastics than soft water in nature. D. Its particles can be filtered out easily without cooling down. 3. (推理判断) What can we learn from Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay’s words? A. Household methods are of no use for reducing microplastics. B. The Chinese study has no practical value for industry development. C. Large-scale treatment is needed to solve microplastic pollution thoroughly. D. Water treatment plants have already used the boiling and filtering technology. 4. (观点态度) What is the author’s attitude to solving microplastic pollution? A. Doubtful B. Unconcerned C. Pessimistic D. Positive Passage 2 Microplastics from Daily Products and Prevention Measures Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, and they come from two main sources: primary and secondary. Primary microplastics are made small on purpose, such as microbeads in facial cleansers and industrial materials for sandblasting. Secondary microplastics form when large plastic products like shopping bags and plastic bottles break down into tiny pieces because of sunlight, wind and water over time. Daily life is a major source of microplastic pollution. Synthetic clothes are one of the biggest contributors—when washed, they release thousands of plastic fibers into wastewater. Disposable face masks, widely used in recent years, also become a new source: a single worn surgical mask can release up to 173,000 plastic fibers per day. Tyre wear, road-marking paints and agricultural plastic mulching also add microplastics to soil and water. Wastewater treatment plants can remove about 99.9 percent of microplastics from water, but the remaining 0.1 percent still enters the environment—about one particle per liter. Most removal happens in the primary treatment stage, where physical processes like filtering and settling remove large solid particles. However, these plants cannot remove nanoplastic (plastic dust smaller than microplastics), which is too tiny to be separated from water. Individuals can take simple steps to reduce microplastic release. Choosing natural fiber clothes instead of synthetic ones, using reusable face masks and water bottles, and avoiding cosmetic products with microbeads all make a difference. Governments also play a key role by making laws to ban microbeads and encourage eco-friendly products. As an environmental scientist said, "Fighting microplastics is not a one-person job, but a collective effort of the whole society." 5. (细节理解) What are primary microplastics according to the passage? A. Plastic particles from the breakdown of large plastic products. B. Plastic fibers released from washed synthetic clothes in daily life. C. Plastic particles made intentionally into a small size by people. D. Nanoplastic that is too tiny to be measured by common tools. 6. (词义猜测) The underlined word "contributors" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. Reasons B. sources C. results D. solutions 7. (细节理解) What is the shortcoming of wastewater treatment plants in removing microplastics? A. They can only remove 0.1 percent of microplastics from water. B. They have no effective way to remove nanoplastic due to its small size. C. Their primary treatment stage cannot filter any solid plastic particles. D. They release all collected microplastics into the environment after treatment. 8. (推理判断) What can we infer from the environmental scientist’s words? A. Only governments have the ability to solve microplastic pollution. B. Everyone in society should work together to fight microplastics. C. Individuals can do nothing to reduce microplastic pollution in life. D. Eco-friendly products are too expensive for ordinary people to buy. Passage 3 Human Exposure to Microplastics and Key Risks A 2024 study led by Kieran Cox from the University of Victoria found that Americans take in between 74,000 and 121,000 microplastic particles per year—this number includes particles from food, drink and even air. The study is the first to fully research human exposure to microplastics, filling a gap in environmental research. The research team analyzed 26 papers about microplastic content in common foods and drinks, such as seafood, sugar, salt, honey and water. They also used past data to calculate microplastics taken in through breathing. The results showed that food and drink account for 39,000 to 52,000 particles per year, while breathing adds another 35,000 to 69,000 particles. People who drink bottled water take in an extra 90,000 microplastics per year, compared to only 4,000 for those who drink tap water. However, the study has its limitations. The analyzed food and drink only represent 1 percent of Americans’ daily food intake—there is not enough data on microplastic content in fruits, vegetables and grains, which are major parts of people’s diet. In addition, scientists still do not know the exact harm of microplastics to human health. They guess three main risks: physical harm from plastic particles hurting internal organs, chemical harm from plastic additives, and harm from harmful microorganisms carried by microplastics. To reduce microplastic intake, experts suggest cutting down the use of plastic products first—such as replacing bottled water with tap water and using reusable containers. They also call for more research on microplastic content in all foods and the long-term effects on the human body. "We still have a long way to go, but every small step counts," said Kieran Cox. 9. (细节理解) How many microplastic particles do Americans take in per year in total according to the study? A. 39,000 to 52,000 only from food and drink. B. 35,000 to 69,000 only from breathing air. C. 74,000 to 121,000 from all different sources. D. 90,000 to 94,000 from bottled and tap water. 10. (推理判断) Why do people drinking bottled water take in more microplastics? A. Bottled water has more calcium carbonate than tap water in general. B. Plastic water bottles will release microplastics into the water inside. C. Bottled water is never filtered by any wastewater treatment plants. D. Bottled water is usually stored for a much longer time than tap water. 11. (细节理解) What is one limitation of Kieran Cox’s study? A. It failed to calculate microplastics taken in through breathing air. B. It only analyzed microplastic content in fruits and vegetables. C. It found no exact ways to reduce microplastic intake in daily life. D. It only covered a small part of Americans’ daily food intake. 12. (主旨大意) What is the main idea of the passage? A. A study on human intake of microplastics and its related problems. B. The exact harm of microplastics to human internal organs and health. C. Effective ways to reduce microplastic intake in people’s daily life. D. The differences in microplastic content between bottled and tap water. Passage 4 Global Cooperation in Microplastic Governance Microplastics are a global environmental problem—they have been found in every corner of the earth, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polar regions. Wind and ocean currents carry microplastics across national borders, making it impossible for a single country to solve the problem alone. Global cooperation has thus become the key to effective microplastic governance. In 2023, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) held the first Global Microplastic Governance Conference, where 175 countries reached a preliminary agreement: to cut down global plastic production by 30 percent by 2030 and ban all single-use plastic products that are hard to recycle by 2040. The agreement also requires countries to share microplastic research data and technology, especially with developing countries that lack advanced treatment equipment. Developed countries have taken the lead in microplastic governance. The European Union has banned microbeads in cosmetics since 2018 and plans to improve all wastewater treatment plants by 2030 to remove more microplastics. Japan has developed a new technology to break down microplastics into harmless substances using special bacteria, and it has shared the technology with Southeast Asian countries for free. However, developing countries face greater challenges—they lack enough money and technology to carry out large-scale governance, and plastic production is still an important part of their economy. Individuals and international organizations also play an important role in global cooperation. Greenpeace, an international environmental organization, has started a global activity to encourage people to reduce plastic use. Ordinary people can join the activity by using reusable products and taking part in beach and river clean-ups. As UNEP executive director Inger Andersen said, "Global governance needs the participation of every country, every organization and every person. Only by working together can we build a plastic-free world." 13. (细节理解) Why is global cooperation needed for microplastic governance? A. Microplastics spread across countries through wind and ocean currents. B. A single country already has enough advanced technology to solve the problem. C. Developing countries refuse to take part in the global microplastic governance. D. The UNEP has no right to make global environmental laws for all countries. 14. (细节理解) What did the 175 countries agree on at the Global Microplastic Governance Conference? A. To ban all plastic production around the world by 2030. B. To cut down global plastic production by 30 percent by 2030. C. To stop sharing microplastic technology with developing countries. D. To improve all wastewater treatment plants around the world by 2040. 15. (推理判断) What challenge do developing countries face in microplastic governance? A. They have too much advanced treatment equipment to use. B. Plastic production has become an unimportant part of their economy. C. They don’t have enough money and technology for large-scale governance. D. They have already banned all single-use plastic products in their countries. 16. (主旨大意) What is the main topic of the passage? A. The great challenges developed countries face in microplastic governance. B. The important role of global cooperation in solving microplastic pollution. C. A new technology developed by Japan to break down microplastics easily. D. The ways ordinary people can take part in environmental protection activities. Answer: 1-4:BACD 5-8:CBBB 9-12CBDA 13-16ABCB 阅读热点话题-微塑料治理阅读词汇清单（三天背诵版） Day 13-day 15 微塑料治理主题高考英语词汇 Day 1（生僻词短语 + 高考重难点・动词 / 动词短语，侧重认知记忆） 一、生僻词短语（8 个） microplastic /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈplæstɪk/n. 微塑料 calcium carbonate /ˌkælsiəm ˈkɑːbəneɪt/n. 碳酸钙 microbead /ˈmaɪkrəʊbiːd/n. 微珠（洁面产品中） nanoplastic /ˌnænəʊˈplæstɪk/n. 纳米塑料 wastewater /ˈweɪstwɔːtə(r)/n. 废水 surgical /ˈsɜːdʒɪkl/adj. 外科的；医用的 microorganism /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːɡənɪzəm/n. 微生物 additive /ˈædɪtɪv/n. 添加剂 二、高考重难点・动词 / 动词短语（25 个） reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 减少；降低 filter /ˈfɪltə(r)/v. 过滤 form /fɔːm/v. 形成；产生 catch /kætʃ/v. 捕捉；截留 focus /ˈfəʊkəs/v. 聚焦；集中（focus on） offer /ˈɒfə(r)/v. 提供；提出 cut down 减少；削减 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/v. 改进；改善 solve /sɒlv/v. 解决；解答 contain /kənˈteɪn/v. 包含；含有 break down 分解；破裂 release /rɪˈliːs/v. 释放；排放 add /æd/v. 增加；添加（add...to...） remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 去除；移除 separate /ˈsepəreɪt/v. 分离；分开 avoid /əˈvɔɪd/v. 避免；回避 ban /bæn/v. 禁止；取缔 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/v. 鼓励；提倡 analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/v. 分析；解析 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/v. 计算；核算 account for 占（比例）；解释 lack /læck/v. 缺乏；没有 develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 研发；发展 share /ʃeə(r)/v. 分享；共享 take part in 参加；参与 Day 2（剩余生僻词短语 + 高考重难点・核心名词，侧重理解记忆） 一、剩余生僻词短语（7 个） polystyrene /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/n. 聚苯乙烯 polyethylene /ˌpɒliˈeθəliːn/n. 聚乙烯 polypropylene /ˌpɒliˈprəʊpəliːn/n. 聚丙烯 sandblasting /ˈsændblɑːstɪŋ/n. 喷砂处理 mulching /ˈmʌltʃɪŋ/n. 覆盖（农业地膜） polar /ˈpəʊlə(r)/adj. 极地的 preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/adj. 初步的 二、高考重难点・核心名词（30 个） threat /θret/n. 威胁；危害 sample /ˈsɑːmpl/n. 样本；样品 hardness /ˈhɑːdnəs/n. 硬度 rate /reɪt/n. 比率；速率 particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl/n. 颗粒；微粒 method /ˈmeθəd/n. 方法；方式 intake /ˈɪnteɪk/n. 摄入；吸收 scale /skeɪl/n. 规模（on a large scale） solution /səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法；溶液 source /sɔːs/n. 来源；源头 fiber /ˈfaɪbə(r)/n. 纤维；纤维物质 plant /plɑːnt/n. 工厂；植物 process /ˈprəʊses/n. 过程；工序 step /step/n. 措施；步骤 law /lɔː/n. 法律；法规 effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；尽力 study /ˈstʌdi/n. 研究；调查 gap /ɡæp/n. 缺口；空白 data /ˈdeɪtə/n. 数据；资料 limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/n. 局限性；限制 diet /ˈdaɪət/n. 日常饮食；膳食 harm /hɑːm/n. 伤害；损害 risk /rɪsk/n. 风险；危险 container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/n. 容器；器皿 effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；效果 current /ˈkʌrənt/n. 洋流；水流 border /ˈbɔːdə(r)/n. 边界；国界 cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/n. 合作；协作 technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/n. 技术；工艺 challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/n. 挑战；难题 Day 3（高考重难点・形容词 / 副词 + 拓展词汇短语，侧重活用记忆） 一、高考重难点・形容词 / 副词（25 个） worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/adj./adv. 全球的 / 地 environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/adj. 环境的 widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/adj. 广泛的；普遍的 practical /ˈpræktɪkl/adj. 实用的；实际的 industrial /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/adj. 工业的 complete /kəmˈpliːt/adj. 彻底的；完整的 daily /ˈdeɪli/adj./adv. 日常的 / 地 major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/adj. 主要的；重要的 disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəbl/adj. 一次性的 remaining /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/adj. 剩余的；剩下的 physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/adj. 物理的；身体的 tiny /ˈtaɪni/adj. 微小的；极小的 reusable /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/adj. 可重复使用的 eco-friendly /ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/adj. 环保的 collective /kəˈlektɪv/adj. 集体的；共同的 common /ˈkɒmən/adj. 常见的；普通的 exact /ɪɡˈzækt/adj. 确切的；精确的 internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/adj. 内部的 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/adj. 有害的（be harmful to） long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/adj. 长期的 global /ˈɡləʊbl/adj. 全球的；全世界的 effective /ɪˈfektɪv/adj. 有效的；起作用的 advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/adj. 先进的；高级的 harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/adj. 无害的 enough /ɪˈnʌf/adj./adv. 足够的 / 地 二、拓展词汇短语（20 个，主题高频 + 写作衔接）主题短语 tap water 自来水 bottled water 瓶装水 water treatment plant 污水处理厂 primary/secondary microplastics 原生 / 次生微塑料 microplastic pollution 微塑料污染 single-use plastic products 一次性塑料制品 boil and filter 煮沸并过滤 break down microplastics 分解微塑料 衔接 / 活用短语 be free of 不含……；没有…… release into 释放到…… 中 reach an agreement 达成协议 take the lead in 带头；领先 on a large scale 大规模地 joint efforts 共同努力 fill a gap 填补空白 however /haʊˈevə(r)/adv. 然而；但是 in addition 此外；另外 thus /ðʌs/adv. 因此；从而 make a difference 产生影响 build a plastic-free world 打造无塑料世界 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $