专题10 句子成分和基本句型（江苏专用）-【简语法-中考核心语法精练】2026年江苏地区中考备考 一轮复习专用（译林版）

中考核心语法精练 专题10 句子成分和基本句型（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、句子成分核心语法表格 本表梳理句子核心成分、次要成分的定义、构成及关键特征，简洁呈现核心考点，助力快速识别成分。 类型 成分 核心定义 常见构成 关键特征 核心成分 主语 句子叙述主体（谁 / 什么） 名词、代词、动名词、从句等 位于句首，决定谓语单复数 谓语 说明主语动作 / 状态 实义动词、系动词 + 表语、情态动词 + 动原等 句子核心，不可省略 次要成分 宾语 动作承受者 名词、代词、动名词、从句等 仅跟及物动词 / 介词后 表语 说明主语身份 / 特征 名词、形容词、介词短语、从句等 紧跟系动词后，不可省略 定语 修饰名词 / 代词 形容词、名词、定语从句等 前置（形容词 / 名词）或后置（从句 / 介词短语） 状语 修饰动 / 形 / 全句 副词、介词短语、从句等 表时间 / 地点 / 原因等，位置灵活 补语 补充说明主 / 宾语 形容词、名词、不定式等 与宾语有逻辑主谓关系（宾补为主） 使用注意事项 1. 核心成分缺一不可，主语缺失会导致句子无叙述对象，谓语缺失会导致句子无核心语义。 2. 表语不可用副词（少数表地点的副词除外），系动词后需接形容词 / 名词等。 3. 定语仅修饰名词 / 代词，状语修饰范围更广，可通过修饰对象快速区分。 二、简单句 5 大基本句型核心表格 本表明确 5 大基本句型的结构、特征及典型例句，简洁呈现核心框架，助力快速判断句型。 句型类型 核心结构（缩写） 标志性特征 典型例句 主谓句型 S+V 谓语为不及物动词，无宾语 The sun rises.、We laughed. 主谓宾句型 S+V+O 谓语为及物动词，需接宾语 I love English.、She finished the work. 主系表句型 S+V+P 谓语为系动词，后接表语 He is a teacher.、The soup smells good. 主谓双宾句型 S+V+IO+DO 谓语为双宾动词，接 “人 + 物”，可加 to/for She gave me a pen.、Mom bought me a cake. 主谓宾补句型 S+V+O+C 谓语为宾补动词，补语与宾语有逻辑关系 We call him Tom.、I found the door open. 使用注意事项 1. 系动词分类：be 动词、感官动词（look/sound 等）、变化动词（become/turn 等）、保持动词（keep/stay 等）。 2. 双宾动词分类：接 to（give/show/teach 等）、接 for（buy/cook/make 等）。 3. 宾补动词：make/let/see 等后接不定式宾补时省略 to，ask/tell 等需加 to。 4. 句型区分：双宾与宾补的核心差异是 “是否有逻辑主谓关系”，双宾无，宾补有。 一、单项选择 1. （24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗？我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。is going to have将要有；is going to be将会是；are going to be将会是；will have将会有。根据“next month”可知应为一般将来时；根据“There...a science festival next month in our school.”可知应为there be句型，表示“某地存在某物”；根据空后“a science festival”为名词单数，谓语动词也应为单数；因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为“there is going to be”。故选B。 2. （2023·江苏扬州·一模）— Do you know the sentence structure of “They painted the walls blue”? — Yes, it is ________. A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道“They painted the walls blue”这个的句子结构吗？ ——知道，它是“S+V+DO+OC”结构。 考查句子结构。分析句子“They painted the walls blue”可知，They为主语，painted为谓语，the walls为宾语，blue为宾语补足语，所以该句的结构为“S+V+DO+OC”，故选A。 3. （2022·江苏扬州·三模）“Foreigners find paper cutting interesting.” This sentence is the same as _______ in structure. A．Paper cutting is a popular folk art in China. B．Paper cuttings add merry atmosphere to the festivals. C．Common designs include animals, flowers and figures cut. D．Masters always bring these designs alive. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“外国人觉得剪纸很有趣。”这句话的意思和“大师总是使这些设计栩栩如生”结构一样。 考查句子结构。“Foreigners find paper cutting interesting.”的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”，选项A是“主+系+表”；选项B是“主+谓+双宾语”；选项C是“主+谓+宾”；选项D是“主+谓+宾+宾补”。故选D。 4. （2022·江苏盐城·二模）Yancheng High-speed Railway Hub Bus Station has been ________ for about one year. A．in trouble B．in use C．in danger D．in surprise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：盐城高铁枢纽汽车站已投入使用约一年时间了。 考查介词短语。in trouble处于困境中；in use在使用中；in danger在危险中；in surprise惊奇地。根据“Yancheng High-speed Railway Hub Bus Station has been...for about one year.”可知，此处指汽车站在使用中，介词短语作表语。故选B。 5. （2023·江苏扬州·一模）The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+O 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语。 考查基本句型。We 是主语S，call是谓语动词V；Gaoyou是直接宾语DO；the Stamp Town.是宾语补足语OC。故选C。 6. （2023·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．Actors are playing different roles on the stage. B．Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas. C．Lucy picked up her sister at the airport the other day. D．I advise him to develop a good habit of going to bed early. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子与“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”结构相同？ 考查句子结构。选项A的句子结构是“主+谓+宾”；选项B的句子结构是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”；选项C的句子结构是“主+谓+宾”；选项D的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”；“Eddie is watching Hobo work.”的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”，故选D。 7. （2024·江苏宿迁·三模）What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“这道菜闻起来很糟糕”的句型是什么？ 考查基本句型。S+V主谓；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+P主系表；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。“The dish”作主语；“smells”是系动词；“terrible”是形容词，作表语。故选C。 8. （2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A．We found the room empty. B．We found the place easily. C．We found a toy for the boy. D．We found rare birds in the hill. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下列句子中哪个有宾语补足语？ 考查句子成分。“We found the room empty.”结构为：主+谓+宾+宾语补足语；“We found the place easily.”结构为：主+谓+宾，其中easily修饰动词；“We found a toy for the boy.”结构为：主+谓+宾+状语；“We found rare birds in the hill.”结构为：主+谓+宾+地点状语。故选A。 9. （2024·江苏南京·一模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．You can hear the wind blowing while running. D．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子与“Running is a good way to exercise.”结构相同？ 考查基本句式。People who run will have a healthier heart.主+谓+宾；Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；You can hear the wind blowing while running.主+谓+宾+宾补；Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.主+系+表。“Running is a good way to exercise.”也是主系表结构。故选D。 10. （23-24九年级下·江苏扬州·月考）The sentence structure of “She always keeps everything in order.” is _________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“She always keeps everything in order.”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。 考查句子结构。She作主语；always作状语；keeps作谓语；everything作宾语；in order作宾语补足语。故选D。 11. （2023·江苏南京·三模）Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “We all made David our monitor.”? A．I bought my sister a present last Thursday. B．We all think Lionel Messi a great footballer. C．My parents offer me everything. D．I wish we all have a bright future. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪句话的句子结构与“我们都让大卫当班长”相同？ 考查基本句型。“We all made David our monitor.”句型是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。“I bought my sister a present last Thursday.”句型是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；“We all think Lionel Messi a great footballer.”句型是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；“My parents offer me everything.”句型是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；“I wish we all have a bright future.”句型是“主语+谓语+宾语从句”，属于复合句。故选B。 12. （2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语，表示执行动作的在这个句子中，人；“find”是谓语动词，表示“发现”的动作；“the book”是宾语，是“find”这个动作的对象；“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征，即“有趣的”，在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。 13. （23-24九年级下·江苏南京·月考）Which of the following sentences has a different sentence structure from the other three? A．My grandmother always cooks me delicious meals on weekends. B．I saw a boy playing basketball in the playground. C．The speech gives him a chance to express his ideas. D．Mrs Li taught herself English at university. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪一句的句子结构与其他三句不同？ 考查基本句型。My grandmother always cooks me delicious meals on weekends为主谓+双宾语结构；I saw a boy playing basketball in the playground为主谓+宾语+宾补结构；The speech gives him a chance to express his ideas为主谓+双宾语结构；Mrs Li taught herself English at university为主谓+双宾语结构。故选B。 14. （22-23八年级下·江苏苏州·月考）“He often makes me laugh.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A．S + V + P B．S + V + DO + IO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他经常让我发笑。”这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。 考查句子结构。He“他”，作主语；makes“使，让”，作谓语；me“我”，作宾语；laugh“笑”，作宾补，对宾语“我”补充说明，所以句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。故选C。 15. （2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure? A．We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”. B．Every student is going to give a helping hand. C．All the volunteers make the activity a great success. D．We consider this activity challenging but meaningful. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列句子中哪一个在句子结构上与其他句子不同？ 考查句子结构分析。We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，即 S+V+O+OC）；Every student is going to give a helping hand.（主语+谓语+宾语，即 S+V+O）；All the volunteers make the activity a great success.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，即 S+V+O+OC）；We consider this activity challenging but meaningful.（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，即 S+V+O+OC）。选项A、C、D均为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构，而选项B是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构，与其他三项不同。故选B。 二、完成句子 1. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）我上星期收到了母亲的一封信。 I had a letter from my mother ________. 【答案】last week 【详解】“上星期”last week，是固定搭配，作时间状语。故填last week。 2. （2025·贵州铜仁·三模）体育节上有很多运动项目，比如足球，跑步和跳绳。 ________ ________ many sports on the Sports Day, like soccer, running and skipping. 【答案】 There are 【详解】分析中英文可知此句是there be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语sports是复数，be动词用are。故填There；are。 3. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）中国有一句流传几个世纪的谚语： “变化带来繁荣，停滞导致落后。” ________ ________ a saying in China for centuries, “Change brings prosperity while stagnation leads to decline.” 【答案】 There is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处使用there be句型，表示“有”，句中时态为一般现在时，主语为单数，be动词使用is。故填There；is。 4. （2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）没有什么困难能阻止我们成为更好的人。 ________ ________ any difficulties that can stop us from growing into better people. 【答案】 There aren’t 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“没有什么”。“没有什么”常见的英文表达为“There be not”，“difficulties”是复数，“there be”句型遵循“就近原则”，“be”动词应使用“are”，are not缩写为aren’t，故填There；aren’t。 5. （2025·贵州铜仁·三模）每个中国节日背后都有丰富的历史。 ________ ________ a rich history behind every Chinese festival. 【答案】 There is 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“有”；there be“有”，此处表示客观事实，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“history”，be动词用is。故填There；is。 6. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）纵有疾风, 永不言弃。 Don’t give up even if ________ ________ a strong wind in life. 【答案】 there is 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“有”的英文翻译。“有”对应英文表达应为“there be”；时态为一般现在时，主语“a strong wind”为单数，be动词用is。故填there；is。 7. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）彝族新年——彝族的一个重要节日——有许多传统的习俗。 _________ _________ many traditional customs of the Yi’s New Year—an important festival for the Yi ethnic group. 【答案】 There are 【详解】根据题干可知，空处缺少“……有”，应用根据句型there be表示，时态为一般现在时，空后主语为复数，be动词应用are，句首单词首字母大写。故填There；are。 8. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）这个活动将在今年十二月举办。 This activity will be held ____________. 【答案】in December this year 【详解】December“十二月”，专有名词，月份前常用介词in；this year“今年”。故填in December this year。 9. （2023·陕西西安·三模）在一个寒冷的早晨，他帮助了一位无家可归的人。 __________, he helped a homeless man. 【答案】On a cold morning 【详解】“在一个寒冷的早晨”可用介词短语on a cold morning来表示，在句中作时间状语，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填On a cold morning。 10. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）放学后在操场上运动是莫大的乐趣。 It is great pleasure to do sports ________ after school. 【答案】on the playground 【详解】由中英文对比可知，缺少“在操场上”，英文表达为on the playground，在句中作状语。故填on the playground。 11. （2024·天津河北·一模）孩子们都正在安静地读书。 The children are all reading books ________ ________ 【答案】 in silence 【详解】结合中英文提示和空格数可知，此处缺“安静地”，其英文表达可以为“in silence”，介词短语作状语。故填in；silence。 12. （2023·江苏无锡·二模）自今年一月起，大熊猫丫丫的生活状况一直被我们记挂。 The living condition of the giant panda YaYa _______________ since January of this year. 【答案】has been on our mind 【详解】根据语境可知，主语“大熊猫的生活状况”是动作“记挂”的承受者，应用被动态语态，又根据“since”可知应用现在完成时的被动语态，其形式为“have been…”。主语condition为第三人称单数形式，根据主谓一致原则，助动词have的第三人称单数形式为has。be on one’s mind“被……记挂”，one’s的第一人称复数形式为our。故填has been on our mind。 13. （2023·江苏淮安·二模）和他同龄的孩子过着幸福的生活, 而他在乌克兰却生活在为生命安全担忧之中。 Children ________ live a happy live while he is living ________ in Ukraine. 【答案】 of his age in fear of his life 【详解】根据中文提示可知，“和他同龄的”英文表达为of his age，作后置定语修饰“Children”，in fear of “为……担忧”，为固定搭配，“为生命安全担忧”英文表达为in fear of his life。故填of his age；in fear of his life。 14. （2023·江苏常州·一模）冬天，与北方的天气相比，海南的天气舒服得多。 In winter, ________ the weather in Hainan ________. 【答案】 compared with the weather in the north is much more comfortable 【详解】根据中英文句子可知此处缺少“与北方的天气相比”和“舒服得多”，compared with“与……相比”，过去分词作状语；the weather in the north“北方的天气”，因此第一个空应填compared with the weather in the north；comfortable“舒服的”，形容词作be动词的表语，二者比较用比较级，much more comfortable“舒服得多”，主语是不可数名词the weather，be动词用is，因此第二个空应填is much more comfortable。故填compared with the weather in the north；is much more comfortable。 15. （24-25七年级上·江苏泰州·期末）We have many interesting events on the sports field.（同义句转换） ________ ________ many interesting events on our sports field. 【答案】 There are 【详解】句意：我们在运动场上有许多有趣的活动。there be“有”，句首首字母大写，句子的时态为一般现在时，主语为“many interesting events”，be动词用are。故填There；are。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京·一模） The question “Do you work to live or live to work?” arouses (激起) many thoughts on the purpose of work. While many people work to earn a living, the reasons for working go beyond making money. At a basic level, we work to achieve financial (经济的) independence. However, this is not the only purpose of entering the workforce. Work offers chances to chase 1 (person) goals and dreams. Yang Liwei, for example, 2 (drive) by his love for flying and became a pilot and then China’s first astronaut in space. As a result, work gives us the chance to do something we love, giving us a great sense of 3 (achieve) and satisfaction. Additionally, work contributes to our growth. When we work, we must stick to 4 (practise) our skills until we are good at what we do. The changing workplace requires us to develop new skills to better adapt (适应) to a new environment. This can add to our sense of success and our understanding that we are developing. Moreover, work also plays a necessary role in society. Every job, regardless of its type, helps society run properly. Some people would even rather give up their own interests 5 (work) for the benefit of others. In conclusion, work is not just a means of making a living but a way to create a fulfilling life for ourselves and others. 【答案】1. personal 2. was driven 3. achievement 4. practising 5. to work 【导语】本文主要探讨了工作不仅是谋生的手段，更是实现个人梦想、促进自我成长、创造社会价值并获得充实人生的重要途径。 1. 句意：工作提供了追求个人目标和梦想的机会。此处需要形容词修饰名词goals，person的形容词形式是personal，意为“个人的”。 2. 句意：例如杨利伟，他被对飞行的热爱所驱使，成为了一名飞行员，后来又成为了中国首位航天员。主语Yang Liwei和动词drive是被动关系，且事件发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数第三人称，其结构应为“was+过去分词”，drive的过去分词为driven。 3. 句意：因此，工作给了我们做自己热爱的事的机会，让我们获得强烈的成就感和满足感。a sense of后接名词，achieve的名词形式是achievement，表示“成就”，a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。 4. 句意：我们工作时，必须坚持练习我们的技能，直到熟练掌握为止。短语stick to中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，practise的动名词形式为practising。 5. 句意：有些人甚至宁愿放弃自己的利益，为了他人的利益而工作。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“放弃自身利益来为他人谋福利”，不定式结构为“to+动词原形”。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Delei Duarte is 1 musician from Brazil. In 2006, when he 2 (invite) to work as a guitarist in China, he accepted it without thinking twice. Duarte first travelled to Datong, a city in the 3 (north) part of Shanxi Province. The next year, he moved 4 Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi province. There he met his wife and started a new life. Over the years, Duarte has seen the great changes which have taken place across China. The mobile payment and the rapid 5 (develop) of takeout food services make him love his life in China more. “Things change and can’t stay the same forever, and more changes are on the way.” says Duarte. Duarte 6 (open) three bars since he came to China. Several months ago, he and his life made a decision 7 (close) their popular bar. They opened a restaurant instead. Now every night, Duarte performs Bossa Nova, a kind of Brazilian popular music, and Chinese pop music at the restaurant. “I hope that our business can keep up with the changes. In the past, customers 8 (most) cared about the taste and size of the food, but now they pay more attention to the dining environment. That’s 9 we put on live performances at our new restaurant.” he says, “I hope that my life in China 10 (continue) to be wonderful and exciting.” 【答案】 1. a 2. was invited 3. northern 4. to 5. development 6. has opened 7. to close 8. mostly 9. why 10. will continue 【导语】本文讲述了来自巴西的音乐家Delei Duarte在中国的生活和工作经历，以及他对中国变化的观察和感受。 1. 句意：Delei Duarte是一名来自巴西的音乐家。根据“musician from Brazil”可知，此处表示泛指一名音乐家，且musician以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。 2. 句意：2006年，当他被邀请到中国担任吉他手时，他毫不犹豫地接受了。根据“In 2006”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“he”与“invite”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was invited”。故填was invited。 3. 句意：Duarte第一次前往山西省北部的大同市。根据“part of Shanxi Province”可知，此处表示山西省的北部，因此用形容词“northern”修饰。故填northern。 4. 句意：第二年，他搬到了江西省的省会南昌市。根据“moved”和“Nanchang”可知，此处表示搬到某个地方，因此用介词“to”。故填to。 5. 句意：移动支付和外卖食品服务的快速发展让他更加热爱在中国的生活。根据“the rapid”和“of takeout food services”可知，此处表示外卖食品服务的快速发展，因此用名词“development”。故填development。 6. 句意：自从Duarte来到中国，他已经开了三家酒吧。根据“since he came to China”可知，此处描述的是从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作，因此用现在完成时“has opened”。故填has opened。 7. 句意：几个月前，他和他的妻子决定关闭他们受欢迎的酒吧。根据“made a decision”和“their popular bar”可知，此处表示决定做某事，因此用不定式“to close”作后置定语。故填to close。 8. 句意：在过去，顾客主要关心食物的味道和大小，但现在他们更注重用餐环境。根据“cared about”可知，此处表示主要关心，因此用副词“mostly”修饰动词。故填mostly。 9. 句意：这就是为什么我们在新餐厅进行现场表演。根据“That’s”和“we put on live performances at our new restaurant”可知，此处表示这就是为什么的原因，因此用连词“why”引导表语从句。故填why。 10. 句意：我希望我在中国的生活会继续精彩和刺激。根据“I hope that”和“to be wonderful and exciting”可知，此处表示希望未来的生活会如何，因此用一般将来时“will continue”。故填will continue。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏徐州·三模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 How long are your breaks between classes? Last September, many primary and middle schools in China started to change 1 (they) class breaks from 10 to 15 minutes. This gives students and teachers more time for outdoor 2 (activity). Chinese schools used to 3 (have) 10-minute breaks between classes. However, it was difficult 4 students to go outside and play in the short break time. Some schools even 5 (stop) students from leaving classrooms during breaks for safety reasons. Education officials found the problem and 6 (final) decided to improve school timetables. In Beijing, schools have taken some time from the lunch break 7 (create) the 15-minute break. It doesn’t change the total school hours. The morning arrival and afternoon leaving times for primary schools stay the same. While middle schools finish five minutes 8 (late) than before, according to local education offices. What can students do during the 15-minute breaks? A Xuzhou primary school has introduced fun outdoor games, such as basketball 9 jump rope exercises. They also offer indoor games. 10 report in March showed that 47% of Xuzhou students got “excellent” or “good” fitness scores. 【答案】 1. their 2. activities 3. have 4. for 5. stopped 6. finally 7. to create 8. later 9. and 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了去年九月中国许多中小学将课间休息时间从10分钟延长到15分钟，介绍了这么做的原因、调整方式以及学生在课间可进行的活动。 1. 句意：去年九月，中国许多中小学开始将他们的课间休息时间从10分钟调整为15分钟。根据“class breaks”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 2. 句意：这为学生和老师提供了更多进行户外活动的时间。activity是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填activities。 3. 句意：中国学校过去课间休息10分钟。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，固定搭配。故填have。 4. 句意：然而，在这么短的课间休息时间里，学生们很难到外面去玩耍。此处是it is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填for。 5. 句意：一些学校甚至出于安全原因禁止学生在课间离开教室。根据“Chinese schools used to have 10-minute breaks”可知，此处用一般过去时，stop的过去式是stopped。故填stopped。 6. 句意：教育官员发现了这个问题，最终决定调整学校课程表。此处修饰动词decided，应用副词形式，final的副词是finally。故填finally。 7. 句意：在北京，学校从午休时间中抽出一些时间来设置15分钟的课间休息。根据“schools have taken some time from the lunch break...the 15-minute break”可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式。故填to create。 8. 句意：根据当地教育部门的说法，中学放学时间比以前晚五分钟。根据“than before”可知，此处将现在的情况和过去对比，用late的比较级later，表示“更晚”。故填later。 9. 句意：一所徐州的小学引入了有趣的户外游戏，比如篮球和跳绳运动。根据“basketball...jump rope exercises”可知，前后是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 10. 句意：三月份的一份报告显示，47%的徐州学生获得了“优秀”或“良好”的体能成绩。此处表泛指，report读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填A。 Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Speaking English fluently (流利地) is difficult for most of the people. But actually all you need are the right ways and confidence. So far, I 1 (prepare) some advice for you. Stop being a student. The right attitude (态度) can make a difference between failure and success. Stop thinking of yourself as someone who is learning English, and think of yourself as someone who speaks English. It’s a small change, 2   it will make you feel more confident and help you use the English you already know better. So the right attitude should 3 (accept). Try to learn sentences. Speaking English fluently means being able to express your 4 (think) and feelings. You should try to speak English in full sentences. You 5 (find) that English is much more useful in your life if you study whole sentences, rather than just words. Practice makes perfect. Studying English for 6 hour once a week isn’t usually enough to make any real progress. The best way to quickly improve English is 7 (spend) at least a few minutes practicing every day. Don’t be afraid 8 making mistakes. Sometimes it can be difficult to put all those rules and words together into a simple sentence. Don’t let the fear of saying something wrong stop you from speaking. Even though you think you are making a mistake, keep 9 (speak) anyway. Most of the time, people will understand what you are trying to say. The more you speak, the 10 (easy) it will be. You will be excited to find that you won’t be worried about making mistakes in speaking English. 【答案】 1. have prepared 2. but 3. be accepted 4. thoughts 5. will find 6. an 7. to spend 8. of 9. speaking 10. easier 【导语】本文主要介绍了说英语流利虽对大多数人来说困难，但只要有正确方法和信心就能做到，并给出了一些相关建议。 1. 句意：到目前为止，我已经为你准备了一些建议。根据“So far”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是I，助动词用have，prepare的过去分词是prepared。故填have prepared。 2. 句意：这是一个小的改变，但它会让你感到更自信，帮助你更好地使用你已经知道的英语。根据“It’s a small change…it will make you feel more confident and help you use the English you already know better.”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 3. 句意：所以应该接受正确的态度。根据“So the right attitude should…(accept).”可知，主语the right attitude和动词accept之间是被动关系，should是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以此处用含有情态动词的被动语态结构should be done，accept的过去分词是accepted。故填be accepted。 4. 句意：说英语流利意味着能够表达你的想法和感受。根据“Speaking English fluently means being able to express your…(think) and feelings.”可知，your是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，think的名词形式是thought，此处表示“想法”，用复数形式thoughts。故填thoughts。 5. 句意：如果你学习完整的句子，而不是仅仅学习单词，你会发现英语在你的生活中更有用。根据“You…(find) that English is much more useful in your life if you study whole sentences, rather than just words.”可知，if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故填will find。 6. 句意：每周学一个小时的英语通常不足以取得任何真正的进步。根据“Studying English for…hour once a week isn’t usually enough to make any real progress.”可知，hour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词an表示“一个小时”。故填an。 7. 句意：快速提高英语的最好方法是每天至少花几分钟练习。根据“The best way to quickly improve English is…(spend) at least a few minutes practicing every day.”可知，此处是“the best way to do sth is to do sth”句型，表示 “做某事的最佳方式是做某事”。故填to spend。 8. 句意：不要害怕犯错误。根据“Don’t be afraid…making mistakes.”可知，be afraid of doing sth.表示“害怕做某事”，固定短语。故填of。 9. 句意：即使你认为自己犯了错误，也要继续说下去。根据“Even though you think you are making a mistake, keep…(speak) anyway.”可知，keep doing sth.表示“继续做某事”，固定短语，speak的动名词是speaking。故填speaking。 10. 句意：你说得越多，就会越容易。根据“The more you speak, the…(easy) it will be.”可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，easy的比较级是easier。故填easier。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺、连贯。 Making bamboo art new On Xiaohongshu, a lifestyle-sharing platform, over 550,000 posts are tagged (加上标签) with “intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)”, as young people express their love for traditional crafts. “In the past two years, young people 1 (show) increasing interest in intangible cultural heritage,” said Zhang Dingjuan, 28, who often shares her bamboo weaving (编织) creations on the platform. And her creations are 2 (wide) liked by the young. Zhang comes from Sichuan Province, known for 3 (it) rich bamboo resources. Bamboo weaving in the area dates from the Neolithic era (新石器时代) when it 4 (use) mainly for making practical tools. It has since developed into a complex art form. After graduating from Chengdu University in 2019, Zhang returned to her hometown to work as a bamboo crafts designer. As her 5 (interesting) in the art grew, she travelled to Daoming county in Chengdu, known as the “hometown of bamboo weaving”. There, Bamboo Art Village is located among bamboo forests, not only with amazing 6 (nature) landscapes, but also many cultural workshops and products. There she learned after a skilled master. With a background in product design, Zhang suggests 7 (try) new ideas in the traditional art. She mixes a modern factor (因素) with traditional bamboo weaving by using new colours and patterns. One of her excellent pieces, for example, 8 (add) blue to the bamboo, which makes the patterns appear more lifelike. Zhang also recalls working with an art student who liked making metal look like bamboo. Compared to traditional bamboo waving, this led to 9 (create) ideas. Thinking outside the box offers more 10 (possible). Today, Zhang works with different designers and brands to create different bamboo-woven products. “Traditional crafts may have gone away, but now they’re being revived (复活) with new energy and becoming part of our modern lives,” she said. 【答案】 1. have shown 2. widely 3. its 4. was used 5. interest 6. natural 7. trying 8. adding 9. creative 10. possibilities 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了张靖娟传承创新竹编技艺，让传统工艺融入现代生活。 1. 句意：在过去两年里，年轻人对非物质文化遗产表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣。“in the past two years”是现在完成时标志词，“show interest in”是“对……表现出兴趣”，这里主语“young people”是复数，所以用“have shown”，构成现在完成时，表示过去到现在的情况。故填have shown。 2. 句意：并且她的作品深受年轻人喜爱。“liked”是动词“like (喜欢)”的过去分词，这里是被动语态。“widely”是“wide”的副词形式，修饰动词“liked”，表示“广泛地”，说明喜爱的程度。故填widely。 3. 句意：张靖娟来自四川省，该省以其丰富的竹子资源而闻名。“for”是介词，后面接名词性成分。“its”是形容词性物主代词，指代“四川省的”，修饰“rich bamboo resources”，表示所属关系。故填its。 4. 句意：该地区的竹编工艺可追溯到新石器时代，当时它主要被用于制作实用工具。“it”指代“Bamboo weaving (竹编工艺)”，与“use”是被动关系，即“被使用”。句子时态是一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构是“was/were+过去分词”，主语“it”是单数，所以用“was used”。故填was used。 5. 句意：随着她对这门艺术的兴趣不断增长，她前往了成都道明县，那里被誉为“竹编之乡”。“her”是形容词性物主代词，后需接名词。“interest”作名词，意为“兴趣”，“as her interest in the art grew”表示随着她对这门艺术的兴趣增长。故填interest。 6. 句意：在那里，竹艺村坐落在竹林之中，不仅有迷人的自然景观，还有众多文化工坊和产品。“landscapes”是名词，需用形容词修饰。“natural”是“nature (自然)”的形容词形式，“natural landscapes”即“自然景观”。故填natural。 7. 句意：凭借产品设计方面的背景，张靖娟建议在传统艺术中尝试新想法。“suggest”后接动名词作宾语，“suggest doing sth”是固定用法，意为“建议做某事”，所以这里用“trying”。故填trying。 8. 句意：例如，她通过在竹子上添加蓝色来将现代元素与传统竹编工艺相结合，这使得图案看起来更加逼真主语“One of her excellent pieces”为单数，且描述客观事实用一般现在时。故填adds。 9. 句意：与传统竹编相比，这带来了有创意的想法。“ideas”是名词，需要用形容词修饰。“create”的形容词形式是“creative”，表示“有创意的”，用来描述“ideas”。故填creative。 10. 句意：跳出固有思维提供了更多可能性。“more”后接名词，“possible”是形容词，其名词形式是“possibility”，且“more”修饰可数名词复数时，“possibility”要用复数形式“possibilities”，表示“更多的可能性”。故填possibilities。 Passage 6 （2025·江苏泰州·二模）根据短文内容，填写所缺单词。每空不限一词。 In the busy underground stations of Seoul, there is a new surprise for passengers: Chinese poems on the screen doors. These are famous works 1 (write) by great Chinese poets like Li Bai, Du Mu and Xin Qiji. The Seoul government wanted to welcome foreign tourists, so they put 2 24 poems from 13 languages in the underground stations, including English, Chinese, Japanese and so on. It’s said that the 24 poems were 3 (true) recommended by experts and embassies (专家和大使馆) in the Republic of Korea, not chosen at random. When foreign 4 (visit) step into these subway stations, they are immediately greeted by this artistic display. The Chinese poems, in particular, stand out as 5 bridge connecting the ancient wisdom and beauty of China with the modern vibrancy of Seoul. Among the 24 poems 6 (be) three Chinese poems: “A dialogue in the mountain” (《山中问答》) by Li Bai, “Going up the hill” (《山行》) by Du Mu and “Song of Ugly Slave” (《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》) by Xin Qiji. Now, these well-known Chinese poems have traveled thousands of miles and find 7 (they) in the heart of Seoul, ready to make new friends. A man living in the city said that he enjoyed this new way of learning about other cultures. “I don’t know Chinese,” he said, “ 8 the translations let me feel the beauty of the poems. Reading these poems helps me learn more about China and its beauty. It breaks down barriers and brings people 9 (close) together than before through the power of poetry.” This feeling is shared by many people who pass through the Seoul subway stations, 10 (make) the display of Chinese poems not just a cultural exhibit but a celebration of the shared human spirit. 【答案】 1. written 2. up 3. truly 4. visitors 5. a 6. are 7. themselves 8. But 9. closer 10. making 【导语】本文主要介绍了韩国首尔地铁站推出新举措，在屏幕上展示中国古诗。此举收到了欢迎，增进了文化交流。 1. 句意：这些是出自中国伟大诗人的著名作品，比如李白、杜牧和辛弃疾的作品。write“写”，动词，且分析题干可知，此处指诗人写的诗，应用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填written。 2. 句意：首尔市政府希望吸引外国游客，因此他们在地铁站里张贴了24首来自13种语言的诗歌，包括英语、汉语、日语等等。根据第一段“Chinese poems on the screen doors.”可知，前文介绍了中国古诗在屏幕门上，此处应指韩国政府将这些古诗“张贴”在屏幕门上。“put up”意为“张贴”。故填up。 3. 句意：据说这24首诗是由韩国的专家和使馆们精心推荐的，并非随意挑选的。true“真实的”，形容词，且该句结构完整，此处应用其对应的副词形式修饰动词recommended，表示“真心地”推荐。故填truly。 4. 句意：当外国游客走进这些地铁站时，他们立刻会被这幅艺术作品所吸引。visit“参观”，动词，再结合“foreign…”及语境可知，此处应用其对应的名词复数形式作主语，表泛指。故填visitors。 5. 句意：尤其是中国的诗歌，成为了连接中国古老智慧与美丽与首尔现代活力的桥梁。结合语境及“stand out…bridge connecting…”可知，此处应指“一座”连接中韩两国的桥梁，且bridge发音是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。 6. 句意：在这 24 首诗中，有三首是中文诗：李白的《山中问答》、杜牧的《山行》以及辛弃疾的《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》。如今，这些广为人知的中文诗篇跨越了千山万水，来到了首尔的中心地带，准备结识新的朋友。分析题干，该句主语“three Chinese poems”表示复数概念，且该句时态为一般现在时，be动词应用are。故填are。 7. 句意：在这24首诗中，有三首是中文诗：李白的《山中问答》、杜牧的《山行》以及辛弃疾的《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》。如今，这些广为人知的中文诗篇跨越了千山万水，来到了首尔的中心地带，准备结识新的朋友。they“他们”，代词主格，此处指发现它们在首尔的中心地带，应用其对应的反身代词themselves与之构成动词短语，“find oneself in sw.”表示“发现自己处于某种情况或状态”。故填themselves。 8. 句意：但这些翻译让我感受到了诗歌的美妙之处。分析句子结构可知，空格前后句“说话者不会说中文”与“这些翻译带给他的感受”表示相反的意思，应用but引导转折关系从句，且句首首字母大写。故填But。 9. 句意：诗歌的力量打破了隔阂，让人们之间的关系比以往更加紧密。close“近的，紧密的”，又结合“than before”及语境可知，此处应在对比人们之间的关系比之前更紧密，应用其对应的形容词比较级。故填closer。 10. 句意：这种感受在众多经过首尔地铁站的人们心中也同样存在，这使得这些中国诗歌的展示不仅成为一种文化展览，更成为了一种对人类共同精神的颂扬。make“制作，使”，动词，结合语境可知，此处应在讲述这些中国古诗展示的意义及结果，应用其对应的现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 18 / 18 乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法精练 专题10 句子成分和基本句型（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、句子成分核心语法表格 本表梳理句子核心成分、次要成分的定义、构成及关键特征，简洁呈现核心考点，助力快速识别成分。 类型 成分 核心定义 常见构成 关键特征 核心成分 主语 句子叙述主体（谁 / 什么） 名词、代词、动名词、从句等 位于句首，决定谓语单复数 谓语 说明主语动作 / 状态 实义动词、系动词 + 表语、情态动词 + 动原等 句子核心，不可省略 次要成分 宾语 动作承受者 名词、代词、动名词、从句等 仅跟及物动词 / 介词后 表语 说明主语身份 / 特征 名词、形容词、介词短语、从句等 紧跟系动词后，不可省略 定语 修饰名词 / 代词 形容词、名词、定语从句等 前置（形容词 / 名词）或后置（从句 / 介词短语） 状语 修饰动 / 形 / 全句 副词、介词短语、从句等 表时间 / 地点 / 原因等，位置灵活 补语 补充说明主 / 宾语 形容词、名词、不定式等 与宾语有逻辑主谓关系（宾补为主） 使用注意事项 1. 核心成分缺一不可，主语缺失会导致句子无叙述对象，谓语缺失会导致句子无核心语义。 2. 表语不可用副词（少数表地点的副词除外），系动词后需接形容词 / 名词等。 3. 定语仅修饰名词 / 代词，状语修饰范围更广，可通过修饰对象快速区分。 二、简单句 5 大基本句型核心表格 本表明确 5 大基本句型的结构、特征及典型例句，简洁呈现核心框架，助力快速判断句型。 句型类型 核心结构（缩写） 标志性特征 典型例句 主谓句型 S+V 谓语为不及物动词，无宾语 The sun rises.、We laughed. 主谓宾句型 S+V+O 谓语为及物动词，需接宾语 I love English.、She finished the work. 主系表句型 S+V+P 谓语为系动词，后接表语 He is a teacher.、The soup smells good. 主谓双宾句型 S+V+IO+DO 谓语为双宾动词，接 “人 + 物”，可加 to/for She gave me a pen.、Mom bought me a cake. 主谓宾补句型 S+V+O+C 谓语为宾补动词，补语与宾语有逻辑关系 We call him Tom.、I found the door open. 使用注意事项 1. 系动词分类：be 动词、感官动词（look/sound 等）、变化动词（become/turn 等）、保持动词（keep/stay 等）。 2. 双宾动词分类：接 to（give/show/teach 等）、接 for（buy/cook/make 等）。 3. 宾补动词：make/let/see 等后接不定式宾补时省略 to，ask/tell 等需加 to。 4. 句型区分：双宾与宾补的核心差异是 “是否有逻辑主谓关系”，双宾无，宾补有。 一、单项选择 1. （24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 2. （2023·江苏扬州·一模）— Do you know the sentence structure of “They painted the walls blue”? — Yes, it is ________. A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O 3. （2022·江苏扬州·三模）“Foreigners find paper cutting interesting.” This sentence is the same as _______ in structure. A．Paper cutting is a popular folk art in China. B．Paper cuttings add merry atmosphere to the festivals. C．Common designs include animals, flowers and figures cut. D．Masters always bring these designs alive. 4. （2022·江苏盐城·二模）Yancheng High-speed Railway Hub Bus Station has been ________ for about one year. A．in trouble B．in use C．in danger D．in surprise 5. （2023·江苏扬州·一模）The sentence structure of “We call Gaoyou the Stamp Town.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+O 6. （2023·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．Actors are playing different roles on the stage. B．Volunteers often offer children help in poor areas. C．Lucy picked up her sister at the airport the other day. D．I advise him to develop a good habit of going to bed early. 7. （2024·江苏宿迁·三模）What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC 8. （2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences has an object complement? A．We found the room empty. B．We found the place easily. C．We found a toy for the boy. D．We found rare birds in the hill. 9. （2024·江苏南京·一模）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．You can hear the wind blowing while running. D．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 10. （23-24九年级下·江苏扬州·月考）The sentence structure of “She always keeps everything in order.” is _________. A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 11. （2023·江苏南京·三模）Which of the following sentences has the same sentence structure as “We all made David our monitor.”? A．I bought my sister a present last Thursday. B．We all think Lionel Messi a great footballer. C．My parents offer me everything. D．I wish we all have a bright future. 12. （2025·江苏宿迁·二模）The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 13. （23-24九年级下·江苏南京·月考）Which of the following sentences has a different sentence structure from the other three? A．My grandmother always cooks me delicious meals on weekends. B．I saw a boy playing basketball in the playground. C．The speech gives him a chance to express his ideas. D．Mrs Li taught herself English at university. 14. （22-23八年级下·江苏苏州·月考）“He often makes me laugh.” The structure of this sentence is “________”. A．S + V + P B．S + V + DO + IO C．S + V + DO + OC D．S+V+IO+DO 15. （2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following sentences is different from the others in the sentence structure? A．We call this charity activity “Spring Hope”. B．Every student is going to give a helping hand. C．All the volunteers make the activity a great success. D．We consider this activity challenging but meaningful. 二、完成句子 1. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）我上星期收到了母亲的一封信。 I had a letter from my mother ________. 2. （2025·贵州铜仁·三模）体育节上有很多运动项目，比如足球，跑步和跳绳。 ________ ________ many sports on the Sports Day, like soccer, running and skipping. 3. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）中国有一句流传几个世纪的谚语： “变化带来繁荣，停滞导致落后。” ________ ________ a saying in China for centuries, “Change brings prosperity while stagnation leads to decline.” 4. （2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）没有什么困难能阻止我们成为更好的人。 ________ ________ any difficulties that can stop us from growing into better people. 5. （2025·贵州铜仁·三模）每个中国节日背后都有丰富的历史。 ________ ________ a rich history behind every Chinese festival. 6. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）纵有疾风, 永不言弃。 Don’t give up even if ________ ________ a strong wind in life. 7. （2025·贵州黔东南·二模）彝族新年——彝族的一个重要节日——有许多传统的习俗。 _________ _________ many traditional customs of the Yi’s New Year—an important festival for the Yi ethnic group. 8. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）这个活动将在今年十二月举办。 This activity will be held ____________. 9. （2023·陕西西安·三模）在一个寒冷的早晨，他帮助了一位无家可归的人。 __________, he helped a homeless man. 10. （2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）放学后在操场上运动是莫大的乐趣。 It is great pleasure to do sports ________ after school. 11. （2024·天津河北·一模）孩子们都正在安静地读书。 The children are all reading books ________ ________ 12. （2023·江苏无锡·二模）自今年一月起，大熊猫丫丫的生活状况一直被我们记挂。 The living condition of the giant panda YaYa _______________ since January of this year. 13. （2023·江苏淮安·二模）和他同龄的孩子过着幸福的生活, 而他在乌克兰却生活在为生命安全担忧之中。 Children ________ live a happy live while he is living ________ in Ukraine. 14. （2023·江苏常州·一模）冬天，与北方的天气相比，海南的天气舒服得多。 In winter, ________ the weather in Hainan ________. 15. （24-25七年级上·江苏泰州·期末）We have many interesting events on the sports field.（同义句转换） ________ ________ many interesting events on our sports field. 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2026·江苏南京·一模） The question “Do you work to live or live to work?” arouses (激起) many thoughts on the purpose of work. While many people work to earn a living, the reasons for working go beyond making money. At a basic level, we work to achieve financial (经济的) independence. However, this is not the only purpose of entering the workforce. Work offers chances to chase 1 (person) goals and dreams. Yang Liwei, for example, 2 (drive) by his love for flying and became a pilot and then China’s first astronaut in space. As a result, work gives us the chance to do something we love, giving us a great sense of 3 (achieve) and satisfaction. Additionally, work contributes to our growth. When we work, we must stick to 4 (practise) our skills until we are good at what we do. The changing workplace requires us to develop new skills to better adapt (适应) to a new environment. This can add to our sense of success and our understanding that we are developing. Moreover, work also plays a necessary role in society. Every job, regardless of its type, helps society run properly. Some people would even rather give up their own interests 5 (work) for the benefit of others. In conclusion, work is not just a means of making a living but a way to create a fulfilling life for ourselves and others. Passage 2 （2025·江苏宿迁·三模）Delei Duarte is 1 musician from Brazil. In 2006, when he 2 (invite) to work as a guitarist in China, he accepted it without thinking twice. Duarte first travelled to Datong, a city in the 3 (north) part of Shanxi Province. The next year, he moved 4 Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi province. There he met his wife and started a new life. Over the years, Duarte has seen the great changes which have taken place across China. The mobile payment and the rapid 5 (develop) of takeout food services make him love his life in China more. “Things change and can’t stay the same forever, and more changes are on the way.” says Duarte. Duarte 6 (open) three bars since he came to China. Several months ago, he and his life made a decision 7 (close) their popular bar. They opened a restaurant instead. Now every night, Duarte performs Bossa Nova, a kind of Brazilian popular music, and Chinese pop music at the restaurant. “I hope that our business can keep up with the changes. In the past, customers 8 (most) cared about the taste and size of the food, but now they pay more attention to the dining environment. That’s 9 we put on live performances at our new restaurant.” he says, “I hope that my life in China 10 (continue) to be wonderful and exciting.” Passage 3 （2025·江苏徐州·三模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 How long are your breaks between classes? Last September, many primary and middle schools in China started to change 1 (they) class breaks from 10 to 15 minutes. This gives students and teachers more time for outdoor 2 (activity). Chinese schools used to 3 (have) 10-minute breaks between classes. However, it was difficult 4 students to go outside and play in the short break time. Some schools even 5 (stop) students from leaving classrooms during breaks for safety reasons. Education officials found the problem and 6 (final) decided to improve school timetables. In Beijing, schools have taken some time from the lunch break 7 (create) the 15-minute break. It doesn’t change the total school hours. The morning arrival and afternoon leaving times for primary schools stay the same. While middle schools finish five minutes 8 (late) than before, according to local education offices. What can students do during the 15-minute breaks? A Xuzhou primary school has introduced fun outdoor games, such as basketball 9 jump rope exercises. They also offer indoor games. 10 report in March showed that 47% of Xuzhou students got “excellent” or “good” fitness scores. Passage 4 （25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Speaking English fluently (流利地) is difficult for most of the people. But actually all you need are the right ways and confidence. So far, I 1 (prepare) some advice for you. Stop being a student. The right attitude (态度) can make a difference between failure and success. Stop thinking of yourself as someone who is learning English, and think of yourself as someone who speaks English. It’s a small change, 2   it will make you feel more confident and help you use the English you already know better. So the right attitude should 3 (accept). Try to learn sentences. Speaking English fluently means being able to express your 4 (think) and feelings. You should try to speak English in full sentences. You 5 (find) that English is much more useful in your life if you study whole sentences, rather than just words. Practice makes perfect. Studying English for 6 hour once a week isn’t usually enough to make any real progress. The best way to quickly improve English is 7 (spend) at least a few minutes practicing every day. Don’t be afraid 8 making mistakes. Sometimes it can be difficult to put all those rules and words together into a simple sentence. Don’t let the fear of saying something wrong stop you from speaking. Even though you think you are making a mistake, keep 9 (speak) anyway. Most of the time, people will understand what you are trying to say. The more you speak, the 10 (easy) it will be. You will be excited to find that you won’t be worried about making mistakes in speaking English. Passage 5 （2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺、连贯。 Making bamboo art new On Xiaohongshu, a lifestyle-sharing platform, over 550,000 posts are tagged (加上标签) with “intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)”, as young people express their love for traditional crafts. “In the past two years, young people 1 (show) increasing interest in intangible cultural heritage,” said Zhang Dingjuan, 28, who often shares her bamboo weaving (编织) creations on the platform. And her creations are 2 (wide) liked by the young. Zhang comes from Sichuan Province, known for 3 (it) rich bamboo resources. Bamboo weaving in the area dates from the Neolithic era (新石器时代) when it 4 (use) mainly for making practical tools. It has since developed into a complex art form. After graduating from Chengdu University in 2019, Zhang returned to her hometown to work as a bamboo crafts designer. As her 5 (interesting) in the art grew, she travelled to Daoming county in Chengdu, known as the “hometown of bamboo weaving”. There, Bamboo Art Village is located among bamboo forests, not only with amazing 6 (nature) landscapes, but also many cultural workshops and products. There she learned after a skilled master. With a background in product design, Zhang suggests 7 (try) new ideas in the traditional art. She mixes a modern factor (因素) with traditional bamboo weaving by using new colours and patterns. One of her excellent pieces, for example, 8 (add) blue to the bamboo, which makes the patterns appear more lifelike. Zhang also recalls working with an art student who liked making metal look like bamboo. Compared to traditional bamboo waving, this led to 9 (create) ideas. Thinking outside the box offers more 10 (possible). Today, Zhang works with different designers and brands to create different bamboo-woven products. “Traditional crafts may have gone away, but now they’re being revived (复活) with new energy and becoming part of our modern lives,” she said. Passage 6 （2025·江苏泰州·二模）根据短文内容，填写所缺单词。每空不限一词。 In the busy underground stations of Seoul, there is a new surprise for passengers: Chinese poems on the screen doors. These are famous works 1 (write) by great Chinese poets like Li Bai, Du Mu and Xin Qiji. The Seoul government wanted to welcome foreign tourists, so they put 2 24 poems from 13 languages in the underground stations, including English, Chinese, Japanese and so on. It’s said that the 24 poems were 3 (true) recommended by experts and embassies (专家和大使馆) in the Republic of Korea, not chosen at random. When foreign 4 (visit) step into these subway stations, they are immediately greeted by this artistic display. The Chinese poems, in particular, stand out as 5 bridge connecting the ancient wisdom and beauty of China with the modern vibrancy of Seoul. Among the 24 poems 6 (be) three Chinese poems: “A dialogue in the mountain” (《山中问答》) by Li Bai, “Going up the hill” (《山行》) by Du Mu and “Song of Ugly Slave” (《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》) by Xin Qiji. Now, these well-known Chinese poems have traveled thousands of miles and find 7 (they) in the heart of Seoul, ready to make new friends. A man living in the city said that he enjoyed this new way of learning about other cultures. “I don’t know Chinese,” he said, “ 8 the translations let me feel the beauty of the poems. Reading these poems helps me learn more about China and its beauty. It breaks down barriers and brings people 9 (close) together than before through the power of poetry.” This feeling is shared by many people who pass through the Seoul subway stations, 10 (make) the display of Chinese poems not just a cultural exhibit but a celebration of the shared human spirit. 10 / 10 乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $