专题05 动词和动词短语、情态动词（江苏专用）-【简语法-中考核心语法精练】2026年江苏地区中考备考 一轮复习专用（译林版）

中考核心语法精练 专题05 动词和动词短语、情态动词（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表格 本表梳理实义动词、连系动词、助动词的核心特征、高频词汇及用法规则，明确不同动词的功能边界，助力基础运用。 动词类型 核心特征 高频词汇 典型例句 及物动词（vt.） 必须直接接宾语，语义才完整；可接双宾语 buy、finish、teach、want、catch、reach、love She finished her homework.（主谓宾）；He taught us English.（双宾语） 不及物动词（vi.） 不直接接宾语，需加介词再接宾语；单独作谓语语义完整 arrive、happen、wait、agree、laugh、run、sleep The accident happened yesterday.（主谓）；He arrived in Beijing.（主谓 + 介词 + 宾语） 连系动词 无实义，连接主语和表语；后接形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语 be 动词、look、sound、smell、taste、feel、become、turn、keep、stay The music sounds beautiful.（感官类）；The leaves turn yellow.（变化类）；Keep quiet.（状态类） 助动词 无实义，辅助构成时态、语态、否定 / 疑问句；可替代实义动词 be、do/does/did、have/has/had、will/shall He is reading a book.（进行时）；She didn’t go to school.（否定句）；I have finished my work.（完成时） 使用注意事项 1. 及物动词不可缺宾语：避免出现 “She finished.” 这类语义残缺的句子，需补充宾语（如 finished the task）。 2. 不及物动词介词搭配：arrive 接大地点用 in、小地点用 at；agree 接想法用 to、接人用 with、接计划用 on；wait 后必加 for 再接宾语。 3. 连系动词后接形容词：不可接副词（如错误 “The cake tastes well”，正确为 tastes good）；感官类连系动词无被动语态、不可用于进行时。 4. 助动词搭配规则：do/does/did 后接实义动词原形；have/has/had 后接过去分词构成完成时；be 动词后接现在分词（进行时）或过去分词（被动语态）。 二、情态动词核心用法表格 本表明确各类情态动词的功能、否定式及典型场景，聚焦推测、许可、义务等高频考点，解决语义辨析问题。 情态动词 核心功能 否定式 典型例句 can 能力、许可、否定 / 疑问推测 can’t（不可能） She can play the piano.（能力）；Can I use your pen?（许可）；He can’t be late.（否定推测） could 过去能力、委婉请求、弱推测 couldn’t He could swim at 5.（过去能力）；Could you help me?（委婉请求） may 正式许可、肯定推测、祝愿 may not（可能不） May I ask a question?（许可）；It may rain.（肯定推测）；May you succeed!（祝愿） might 过去许可、更弱肯定推测 might not She might go to the cinema.（弱推测） must 主观义务、强肯定推测 mustn’t（禁止，非推测） You must finish homework.（义务）；The light is on, he must be at home.（强推测） have to 客观义务（有人称 / 时态变化） don’t have to（不必） We have to wear uniforms.（客观规则）；She had to stay at home.（过去式） should 建议、责任、常理推测 shouldn’t（不应该） You should drink more water.（建议）；The train should arrive on time.（常理推测） need 情态动词（否定 / 疑问）、实义动词（后接 to do） needn’t（不必） You needn’t worry.（情态）；I need to finish the work.（实义） had better 建议（后接动词原形） had better not You had better get up early.；You had better not play too long. 使用注意事项 1. 推测用法限制：肯定句用 must/may/might（语气由强到弱）；否定句用 can’t（不可能）/may not（可能不）；疑问句仅用 can。 2. mustn’t 与 don’t have to 区别：mustn’t 表 “禁止”（You mustn’t smoke here.）；don’t have to 表 “不必”（You don’t have to come early.）。 3. need 的两用性：情态动词仅用于否定 / 疑问（Need I go?）；实义动词可用于所有句式（He needs to study.）。 4. 委婉语气：could/would 比 can/will 更礼貌，时态不表过去（Could you pass the book?）。 三、高频动词短语及易混辨析表格 本表整理核心动词短语及易混动词（短语），明确语义差异和搭配规则，助力语境运用。 类别 核心内容 语义 / 差异 典型例句 高频动词短语（核心动词） take 类：take care of（照顾）、take place（发生）、take part in（参加）、take off（起飞 / 脱下） take place 无被动语态；take off 多义 The sports meeting will take place next week.；He took off his coat. put 类：put on（穿上，动作）、put up（张贴 / 搭建）、put off（推迟）、put away（收好） put on 强调动作，区别于 wear 的状态 Put on your coat.；They put up a notice. look 类：look for（寻找，过程）、look after（照顾）、look forward to（期待，to 为介词）、look up（查阅） look for 强调过程，区别于 find 的结果 I’m looking for my key.；She looks up words in the dictionary. get 类：get up（起床）、get on（上车 / 相处）、get off（下车）、get used to（习惯于，to 为介词） get on with sb. 表 “与…… 相处” He gets up early.；She gets along well with classmates. 易混动词辨析 borrow（借入，from sb.）vs lend（借出，to sb.） 方向差异：借入→自身，借出→他人 I borrowed a book from the library.；She lent her pen to me. cost（物作主语，花钱）vs spend（人作主语，on sth./doing sth.）vs pay（人作主语，for sth.） 主语和搭配差异 The book costs 20 yuan.；I spend 2 hours reading.；She paid for the meal. 易混动词短语辨析 look for（寻找，过程）vs find（找到，结果） 动作过程 vs 结果 I looked for it everywhere, but didn’t find it. put on（穿上，动作）vs wear（穿着，状态） 动作 vs 持续状态 He put on his coat and went out.；She wears a red dress today. 使用注意事项 1. 动词短语语义整体性：不可逐词翻译（如 look forward to 表 “期待”，非 “向前看”）；to 为介词时，后接动名词（look forward to visiting）。 2. 短语及物性：宾语为代词时，需放在动词与介词 / 副词之间（如 put it on，不可说 put on it）。 3. 多义短语辨析：结合语境判断（如 take off 表 “起飞” 用于航班场景，表 “脱下” 用于衣物场景）。 4. 易混词（短语）：重点抓核心差异（方向、主语、过程 / 结果、动作 / 状态），结合搭配记忆。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业）The whole story________ interesting. All the children like it. A．sounds B．feels C．turns D．gets 2．（2025·江苏常州·二模）In the future, robots _________ even do some jobs we can’t imagine now. A．should B．must C．might D．need 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）—Judy, is Mr. Wang in the teachers’ office now? —I am not sure. He ______ be there. A．must B．can’t C．mustn’t D．may 4．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—What’s Mr Lin’s phone number? —Wait a minute! I’ll ______ in my phone book. A．write it down B．cut it down C．put it up D．look it up 5．（23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·期末）—Frank, should I spend more time on schoolwork or hobbies? —If you ________ two hares (兔子), you will catch neither. A．run after B．kick off C．sell out D．throw away 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）— What’s your plan for tomorrow? — My passport ________ next month. I must get it renewed. A．turns out B．runs out C．goes up D．sets up 7．（2023·江苏南京·二模）If people see the sign in public, they ________ park the car at that place. A．must B．mustn’t C．could D．couldn’t 8．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）—Dad, I ________ reach the apple on the tree. —Let me help you. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 9．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）—I don’t care what Kate thinks. —Well, you ________. Her suggestions are of some value. A．should B．would C．might D．could 10．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）I seldom watch TV at weekends because reading ________ most of my free time. A．takes back B．takes up C．takes away D．takes off 11．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）—Mum, must I tidy up my bedroom now? But I’m going jogging. —No, you _________. You can do it this evening. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 12．（2024·江苏·二模）—We’ve got everything ready for the picnic. —Do you mean I _________ bring anything with me? A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）Each time Tom is late, he’ll ________ an excuse (借口). So I wonder what his excuse is this time. A．set up B．put up C．take up D．make up 14．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）— Why does Dad look so unhappy? — The computer system ________ when he was trying to find information on the Internet. A．broke up B．broke down C．broke out D．broke in 15．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Most schools in Suqian have ________ brighter lights in the classroom to protect their eyes. A．put on B．put in C．put up D．put away 二、完成句子 16．（24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业）对我们来说要找出这个问题的答案是有可能的，因为它很容易。 It is possible for us to ________ ________ the answer to this question because it’s very easy. 17．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）我的经验意味着我比对手有很多优势。 My experience meant that I _________________ my opponent. 18．（2024·江苏常州·三模）与其他同学相比，她的方向感更好。 Compared ______________________ 19．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）set off, I, early, to, fresh air, breathe, in the forest (连词成句) ________________________________________________. 20．（2023·陕西西安·三模）他在沙发上躺下，很快就睡着了。 He __________ on the sofa and soon fell asleep, 21．（23-24九年级上·江苏常州·期中）我爷爷练习太极来给自己的身心带来安宁。 My grandpa does Tai Chi ________________. 22．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________ students in our school ________ lunch at about half past eleven every day？ 23．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）“Don’t play football in the street,” the policeman said to the boys. (同义句转换) The policeman told the boys ________ ________ ________ football in the street. 24．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Who will look after your pet when you’re away? (保持原意不变) Who will ________ your pet when you’re away? 25．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）She prefers walking around to sitting in the sofa after supper. (保持句意基本不变) She would rather ________ around than ________ in the sofa after supper. 26．（2024·河北石家庄·一模）went out, students, some, to, make snowmen _______________________________________________________________. 27．（2023·上海普陀·一模）often, depends on, good, excellent parents, education(连词成句) __________________________________. 28．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）迟早你会发现这位教授很好相处。 Sooner or later, you will find the professor easy to __________________. 29．（2024·四川乐山·一模）The twins are of medium height. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the twins look like? 30．（2023·上海普陀·一模）The audience in the back row stood up in order to get a better view. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the audience in the back row stand up? 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测） On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Directed by famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the show perfectly mixed traditional Chinese yangko (秧歌) dance 1 modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots dressed in bright costumes danced yangko, 2 joyful folk dance from northern China. They spun handkerchiefs 3 (quick) and formed creative patterns that looked like flowers and Chinese characters. These robots 4 (develop) by Unitree, a Chinese company which is 5 (know) for its creative designs. This was not Unitree’s first 6 (succeed). In 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” even danced happily on stage with Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves by 7 (watch) videos of yangko masters. Their AI system allowed them to copy every step perfectly. People were curious about the way the dance combined technology and tradition. Zhang Yimou said, “This dance shows 8 technology can bring new life to traditions.” Recently, the robots 9 (win) the hearts of millions because of these innovations. Young viewers thought it cool while older audiences loved 10 (it) humor and festive spirit. Many called it “a perfect mix of the past and future”. Passage 2 （2025·江苏宿迁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。 My Favorite Movie: Ne Zha 2 My favorite movie is Ne Zha 2. It is 1 exciting Chinese cartoon movie. The story continues from the 2 (one) movie. After the big thunderstorm, Ne Zha and Ao Bing were 3 big trouble. Their 4 (body) were about to disappear. Taiyi Zhenren wanted to help them with a magic lotus (莲花), but bad guys kept 5 (stop) them. The movie was full 6 exciting parts. Ne Zha fought bravely, and his actions made me feel so 7 (excite)! The pictures in the movie were also great. The colors were bright and the sea scenes looked so real. It felt like I was right there, watching Ne Zha’s adventures (冒险). What I liked most were the characters (角色). Ne Zha was so brave. Even when things were hard, he never gave 8 . His famous saying “My fate (命运) is mine, not the Heaven’s!” 9 (deep) inspires me. This taught 10 (I) to be strong when we have difficulty. The friendship between Ne Zha and Ao Bing was also beautiful. They always helped each other. This movie is not just fun to watch, but also teaches us important lessons about friendship, courage and family. I hope everyone can watch it! Passage 3 （2025·江苏徐州·一模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In 2025, Nezha 2: The Magic Child Stirs the Sea became a hit! Directed by Jiaozi, this fantasy film tells the story of Nezha, a boy born 1 magical powers. Villagers called him a “demon” and were afraid of him, 2 Nezha never gave up. With love from his parents, he learned 3 (control) his powers and fight for good. The film shows Nezha’s hard journey. When villagers threw stones at him, he 4 (hide) his tears and thought, “Am I really a monster?” His mother hugged him and said, “You decide who you are.” These words made many 5 (child) cry. The most famous line—“I am the master of my own fate!”—taught us courage. The cartoons are 6 (amaze): fire dragons dance in the sky, and water battles look real. But the best part is Nezha’s heart. He protected the village 7 (brave) even when people hated him. “Fate isn’t fixed,” he shouted, breaking the old rule. This film is more than a story. It tells us: Don’t let others’ words define us. Just 8 Nezha, we can change our lives with 9 (kind) and courage. No wonder it’s the favorite of millions! If you haven’t watched it, run to the cinema—you 10 (remember) Nezha’s smile forever. Passage 4 （2025·江苏徐州·一模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Once there was a large stone in a family’s vegetable garden. People often 1 (fall) over it. The son asked, “Dad, why don’t we dig out that stone?” The father replied, “It has been there 2 your grandfather was a child. It’s so huge. Instead of digging it out, we’d better be careful when 3 (walk).” Twenty years later, the son became 4 father. One day, his daughter said 5 (angry), “Dad, I really don’t like that big stone. Let’s move it away.” The father replied, “Forget it! That big stone is very heavy. If it could be 6 (move), it would have been done when I was a child. The daughter was still 7 (happy). One morning, she took a hoe (锄头) to the garden. She planned 8 (spend) the whole day digging it out. Unexpectedly, it took only a few minutes to dig up the stone. Looking 9 it, and the stone was not as big as they thought. What stops 10 (we) from creating new things is the “stone” in our mind. Passage 5 （2025·江苏泰州·一模）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 The Chinese people have created lots of amazing art forms, such as local operas, and folk music played by traditional musical instruments. Now, take two of them—the pipa and the ruan as examples. Let’s take a close look at them 1 (feel) their lasting charm. The pipa came from Central Asia, with 2 history of over 2,000 years. This pear-shaped instrument 3 (name) “pipa” because of its two basic playing techniques—“pī” (playing outward) and “pá” (playing inward). With lots of playing skills, it’s one of 4 (hard) instruments to master. It’s 5 (high) useful and can show many different feelings. Fast playing can show the excitement, 6 soft playing expresses deep feelings. Its pieces are very rich, from energetic and rhythmic ones 7 slow and sad ones. The ruan got its name after Ruan Xian, a famous 8 (music) in the Western Jin Dynasty. It has a round body, a long neck, and four strings (弦). It first appeared in the Han Dynasty and 9 (become) popular in the Tang Dynasty. The ruan gives you a comfortable feeling because 10 (it) sound is sweet, warm and gentle. Both the pipa and the ruan bridge the past and the present, inviting us to enjoy the beauty of Chinese music and the stories behind them. Passage 6 （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1, 000 years in China. It is used as a water-proof tool for daily use. One of the most popular 1 (story) about the umbrella is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up with a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Many people thought it was difficult to solve this problem, 3 Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected some tools and materials which were important 4 (build) pavilions (凉亭) and started working. The next morning, Lu Ban looked at his works and talked about them 5 (proud): “Look, I 6 (finish) building pavilions around the lake already.” At that time, his sister was holding something unusual in her hand. Lu Ban was surprised to find it could 7 (open) into a round shape. He also found that the object was made of silk and bamboo strips. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect us 8 rain.” So the umbrella was invented. Later, people used much 9 (cheap) paper to make the umbrella, and brushed tung oil across the surface to make it water-proof. That was 10 the oil-paper umbrella was invented. It greatly helped ancient Chinese people go out on rainy days. 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 中考核心语法精练 专题05 动词和动词短语、情态动词（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表格 本表梳理实义动词、连系动词、助动词的核心特征、高频词汇及用法规则，明确不同动词的功能边界，助力基础运用。 动词类型 核心特征 高频词汇 典型例句 及物动词（vt.） 必须直接接宾语，语义才完整；可接双宾语 buy、finish、teach、want、catch、reach、love She finished her homework.（主谓宾）；He taught us English.（双宾语） 不及物动词（vi.） 不直接接宾语，需加介词再接宾语；单独作谓语语义完整 arrive、happen、wait、agree、laugh、run、sleep The accident happened yesterday.（主谓）；He arrived in Beijing.（主谓 + 介词 + 宾语） 连系动词 无实义，连接主语和表语；后接形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语 be 动词、look、sound、smell、taste、feel、become、turn、keep、stay The music sounds beautiful.（感官类）；The leaves turn yellow.（变化类）；Keep quiet.（状态类） 助动词 无实义，辅助构成时态、语态、否定 / 疑问句；可替代实义动词 be、do/does/did、have/has/had、will/shall He is reading a book.（进行时）；She didn’t go to school.（否定句）；I have finished my work.（完成时） 使用注意事项 1. 及物动词不可缺宾语：避免出现 “She finished.” 这类语义残缺的句子，需补充宾语（如 finished the task）。 2. 不及物动词介词搭配：arrive 接大地点用 in、小地点用 at；agree 接想法用 to、接人用 with、接计划用 on；wait 后必加 for 再接宾语。 3. 连系动词后接形容词：不可接副词（如错误 “The cake tastes well”，正确为 tastes good）；感官类连系动词无被动语态、不可用于进行时。 4. 助动词搭配规则：do/does/did 后接实义动词原形；have/has/had 后接过去分词构成完成时；be 动词后接现在分词（进行时）或过去分词（被动语态）。 二、情态动词核心用法表格 本表明确各类情态动词的功能、否定式及典型场景，聚焦推测、许可、义务等高频考点，解决语义辨析问题。 情态动词 核心功能 否定式 典型例句 can 能力、许可、否定 / 疑问推测 can’t（不可能） She can play the piano.（能力）；Can I use your pen?（许可）；He can’t be late.（否定推测） could 过去能力、委婉请求、弱推测 couldn’t He could swim at 5.（过去能力）；Could you help me?（委婉请求） may 正式许可、肯定推测、祝愿 may not（可能不） May I ask a question?（许可）；It may rain.（肯定推测）；May you succeed!（祝愿） might 过去许可、更弱肯定推测 might not She might go to the cinema.（弱推测） must 主观义务、强肯定推测 mustn’t（禁止，非推测） You must finish homework.（义务）；The light is on, he must be at home.（强推测） have to 客观义务（有人称 / 时态变化） don’t have to（不必） We have to wear uniforms.（客观规则）；She had to stay at home.（过去式） should 建议、责任、常理推测 shouldn’t（不应该） You should drink more water.（建议）；The train should arrive on time.（常理推测） need 情态动词（否定 / 疑问）、实义动词（后接 to do） needn’t（不必） You needn’t worry.（情态）；I need to finish the work.（实义） had better 建议（后接动词原形） had better not You had better get up early.；You had better not play too long. 使用注意事项 1. 推测用法限制：肯定句用 must/may/might（语气由强到弱）；否定句用 can’t（不可能）/may not（可能不）；疑问句仅用 can。 2. mustn’t 与 don’t have to 区别：mustn’t 表 “禁止”（You mustn’t smoke here.）；don’t have to 表 “不必”（You don’t have to come early.）。 3. need 的两用性：情态动词仅用于否定 / 疑问（Need I go?）；实义动词可用于所有句式（He needs to study.）。 4. 委婉语气：could/would 比 can/will 更礼貌，时态不表过去（Could you pass the book?）。 三、高频动词短语及易混辨析表格 本表整理核心动词短语及易混动词（短语），明确语义差异和搭配规则，助力语境运用。 类别 核心内容 语义 / 差异 典型例句 高频动词短语（核心动词） take 类：take care of（照顾）、take place（发生）、take part in（参加）、take off（起飞 / 脱下） take place 无被动语态；take off 多义 The sports meeting will take place next week.；He took off his coat. put 类：put on（穿上，动作）、put up（张贴 / 搭建）、put off（推迟）、put away（收好） put on 强调动作，区别于 wear 的状态 Put on your coat.；They put up a notice. look 类：look for（寻找，过程）、look after（照顾）、look forward to（期待，to 为介词）、look up（查阅） look for 强调过程，区别于 find 的结果 I’m looking for my key.；She looks up words in the dictionary. get 类：get up（起床）、get on（上车 / 相处）、get off（下车）、get used to（习惯于，to 为介词） get on with sb. 表 “与…… 相处” He gets up early.；She gets along well with classmates. 易混动词辨析 borrow（借入，from sb.）vs lend（借出，to sb.） 方向差异：借入→自身，借出→他人 I borrowed a book from the library.；She lent her pen to me. cost（物作主语，花钱）vs spend（人作主语，on sth./doing sth.）vs pay（人作主语，for sth.） 主语和搭配差异 The book costs 20 yuan.；I spend 2 hours reading.；She paid for the meal. 易混动词短语辨析 look for（寻找，过程）vs find（找到，结果） 动作过程 vs 结果 I looked for it everywhere, but didn’t find it. put on（穿上，动作）vs wear（穿着，状态） 动作 vs 持续状态 He put on his coat and went out.；She wears a red dress today. 使用注意事项 1. 动词短语语义整体性：不可逐词翻译（如 look forward to 表 “期待”，非 “向前看”）；to 为介词时，后接动名词（look forward to visiting）。 2. 短语及物性：宾语为代词时，需放在动词与介词 / 副词之间（如 put it on，不可说 put on it）。 3. 多义短语辨析：结合语境判断（如 take off 表 “起飞” 用于航班场景，表 “脱下” 用于衣物场景）。 4. 易混词（短语）：重点抓核心差异（方向、主语、过程 / 结果、动作 / 状态），结合搭配记忆。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业）The whole story________ interesting. All the children like it. A．sounds B．feels C．turns D．gets 【答案】A 【详解】句意：整个故事听起来很有趣。所有的孩子们都喜欢它。 考查动词词义辨析。sounds听起来；feels摸起来；turns变得；gets变得。根据“The whole story…  interesting!”结合选项，可知是故事听起来很有趣，A选项符合题意，故选A。 2．（2025·江苏常州·二模）In the future, robots _________ even do some jobs we can’t imagine now. A．should B．must C．might D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：未来，机器人甚至可能做一些我们现在无法想象的工作。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该；must必须；might可能；need需要。根据“In the future”表示“在将来”可知，此处是对未来的推测，表示可能性，用might最准确。故选C。 3．（2025·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）—Judy, is Mr. Wang in the teachers’ office now? —I am not sure. He ______ be there. A．must B．can’t C．mustn’t D．may 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Judy，王老师现在在教师办公室吗？——我不确定。他可能在那儿。 考查情态动词词义。must必须；can’t一定不是；mustn’t禁止；may可能。根据“I am not sure.”可知，此处指的是不太肯定的推测，应用may表示，故填may。故选D。 4．（2025·江苏徐州·一模）—What’s Mr Lin’s phone number? —Wait a minute! I’ll ______ in my phone book. A．write it down B．cut it down C．put it up D．look it up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——林先生的电话号码是多少？——稍等！我查一下电话簿。 考查动词短语辨析。write it down写下；cut it down砍倒；put it up张贴；look it up查阅。根据“phone book”可知，此处表示“查阅号码”，用look it up符合语境。故选D。 5．（23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·期末）—Frank, should I spend more time on schoolwork or hobbies? —If you ________ two hares (兔子), you will catch neither. A．run after B．kick off C．sell out D．throw away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Frank，我应该在功课还是爱好上花更多的时间呢？——如果你追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。 考查动词词组。run after追赶；kick off开始；sell out卖掉；throw away扔掉。根据“…you will catch neither.”可知，表示在追逐兔子时，同时追两只，一只也追不到，故选A。 6．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）— What’s your plan for tomorrow? — My passport ________ next month. I must get it renewed. A．turns out B．runs out C．goes up D．sets up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你明天有什么计划？——我的护照下个月就到期了。我必须换新护照。 考查动词短语辨析。turns out结果是；runs out失效，到期；goes up上升；sets out出发。根据“I must get it renewed.”可知，对方的护照下个月即将到期，run out通常用于指文档或产品的过期，失效等。故选B。 7．（2023·江苏南京·二模）If people see the sign in public, they ________ park the car at that place. A．must B．mustn’t C．could D．couldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果人们在公共场合看到“禁止停车”标志，他们不应该把车停在那个地方。 考查情态动词。must必须；mustn’t禁止，不准；could能够；couldn’t不能。根据标志可知，此处禁止停车，故选B。 8．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）—Dad, I ________ reach the apple on the tree. —Let me help you. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我够不到树上的苹果。——让我帮帮你。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Let me help you.”可知，此处表明不能够到苹果，所以需要帮忙，应用“can’t”。故选A。 9．（2024·江苏扬州·一模）—I don’t care what Kate thinks. —Well, you ________. Her suggestions are of some value. A．should B．would C．might D．could 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我不在乎凯特怎么想。——嗯，你应该（听听凯特的建议）。她的建议有些价值。 考查情态动词。should应该；would将要；might可能；could能够。根据“Her suggestions are of some value.”可知，此处指应该听听凯特的建议。故选A。 10．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）I seldom watch TV at weekends because reading ________ most of my free time. A．takes back B．takes up C．takes away D．takes off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我周末很少看电视，因为阅读占据了我大部分的空闲时间。 考查动词短语辨析。takes back收回；takes up占据；takes away拿走；takes off起飞。根据“I seldom watch TV at weekends”可知，此处指阅读占据了我大部分的空闲时间。故选B。 11．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）—Mum, must I tidy up my bedroom now? But I’m going jogging. —No, you _________. You can do it this evening. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我必须现在整理我的卧室吗？但是我正要去慢跑。——不，你不必。你可以今天晚上做。 考查情态动词用法。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用need’t或don’t have to，故选C。 12．（2024·江苏·二模）—We’ve got everything ready for the picnic. —Do you mean I _________ bring anything with me? A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们已经为野餐准备好了一切。 ——你的意思是我不需要带任何东西？ 考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；needn’t不必。根据“We’ve got everything ready for the picnic.”可知，此处表示野餐的一切都准备好了，对方不必带任何东西。故选D。 13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）Each time Tom is late, he’ll ________ an excuse (借口). So I wonder what his excuse is this time. A．set up B．put up C．take up D．make up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每次汤姆迟到，他都会编一个借口。所以我想知道他这次的借口是什么。 考查动词短语辨析。set up建立；put up张贴；take up开始从事；make up编造。根据“an excuse”可知，借口需要编造。故选D。 14．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）— Why does Dad look so unhappy? — The computer system ________ when he was trying to find information on the Internet. A．broke up B．broke down C．broke out D．broke in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么爸爸看起来不高兴？——当他试着在网上查信息的时候电脑系统坏了。 考查动词短语辨析。broke in闯进；broke out突发，爆发；broke down出故障，坏了；broke up分手，解散。由“The computer system”可知，是系统出故障了。故选B。 15．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）Most schools in Suqian have ________ brighter lights in the classroom to protect their eyes. A．put on B．put in C．put up D．put away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数在宿迁的学校已经在教室里安装了更明亮的灯来保护他们的眼睛。 考查动词短语。put on穿上；put in安装；put up张贴，搭建，举起；put away放好。根据“brighter lights”可知，空处应是表达安装灯，用put in。故选B。 二、完成句子 16．（24-25七年级上·全国·课后作业）对我们来说要找出这个问题的答案是有可能的，因为它很容易。 It is possible for us to ________ ________ the answer to this question because it’s very easy. 【答案】 find out 【详解】根据中文意思提示可知，此处缺少“找出”的短语。find out意为“找出”，此空是放在句型“It is + adj. for sb. to do sth.”中。故填find out。 17．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）我的经验意味着我比对手有很多优势。 My experience meant that I _________________ my opponent. 【答案】had many advantages over 【详解】根据句意及句子结构可知，空缺处为“有很多优势”。“优于，比有优势”可以用固定短语“have an advantage over”表示。根据语意可知是比对手有很多优势，所以是many advantages。又根据meant，可知从句动词也用一般过去时。故填had many advantages over。 18．（2024·江苏常州·三模）与其他同学相比，她的方向感更好。 Compared ______________________ 【答案】to other classmates, she has a better sense of direction. 【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知，与……相比：compare to；其他同学：other classmates；方向感：sense of direction；此句暗含比较，更好：better。故填to other classmates, she has a better sense of direction. 19．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）set off, I, early, to, fresh air, breathe, in the forest (连词成句) ________________________________________________. 【答案】I set off early to breathe fresh air in the forest 【详解】 根据所给词及标点可知，此句是陈述句。在这个句子中，I是主语，表示“我”；set off是谓语动词短语，表示“出发”，set的过去式还是set，这里表示过去发生的动作；early是副词，修饰set off，表示“早早地”；to breathe fresh air是动词不定式短语作目的状语，breathe是动词，表示“呼吸”，fresh air“新鲜空气”；in the forest是介词短语作地点状语，表示“在森林里”。故填I set off early to breathe fresh air in the forest“我早早出发是为了在森林里呼吸新鲜空气”。 20．（2023·陕西西安·三模）他在沙发上躺下，很快就睡着了。 He __________ on the sofa and soon fell asleep, 【答案】lay down 【详解】lie down“躺下”，由“fell asleep”可知，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填lay down。 21．（23-24九年级上·江苏常州·期中）我爷爷练习太极来给自己的身心带来安宁。 My grandpa does Tai Chi ________________. 【答案】to bring peace to his mind and body 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“来给自己的身心带来安宁”；bring…to…“给……带来……”，固定词组，此处表示目的，用不定式形式；peace“平静”，不可数名词；his mind and body“自己的身心”。故填to bring peace to his mind and body。 22．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________ students in our school ________ lunch at about half past eleven every day？ 【答案】 Do have 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生每天大约在十一点半吃午饭。句子是一般现在时，主语是复数“students”，构成一般疑问句时需用助动词“Do”开头，放在句首首字母要大写，后接主语和动词原形。故填Do；have。 23．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）“Don’t play football in the street,” the policeman said to the boys. (同义句转换) The policeman told the boys ________ ________ ________ football in the street. 【答案】 not to play 【详解】句意：“不要在街上踢足球，”警察对男孩们说。改为同义句时可以把直接引语变为间接引语，tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，play football“踢足球”。故填not；to；play。 24．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Who will look after your pet when you’re away? (保持原意不变) Who will ________ your pet when you’re away? 【答案】take care of 【详解】句意：当你不在的时候谁将照顾你的宠物？根据“Who will look after your pet when you’re away”可知，look after表示“照顾，照料”，与之意思相近的短语是take care of。原句是一般将来时，will+动词原形结构。故填take care of。 25．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）She prefers walking around to sitting in the sofa after supper. (保持句意基本不变) She would rather ________ around than ________ in the sofa after supper. 【答案】 walk sit 【详解】句意：晚饭后她宁愿在周围散步也不愿意坐在沙发上。“would rather do sth than do sth”与“perfer doing sth to doing sth”是同义词词组，意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。故填walk；sit。     26．（2024·河北石家庄·一模）went out, students, some, to, make snowmen _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】Some students went out to make snowmen 【详解】根据标点符号可知，此句应是陈述句的肯定形式，分析所给单词，some students作主语；went out作谓语，to make snowmen作目的状语。故填Some students went out to make snowmen“一些学生出去堆雪人”。 27．（2023·上海普陀·一模）often, depends on, good, excellent parents, education(连词成句) __________________________________. 【答案】Good education often depends on excellent parents 【详解】根据标点判断是陈述句。分析单词可知：good education作主语，句首首字母大写；depends on作谓语； excellent parents作宾语；often频度副词，放在谓语动词前。故填Good education often depends on excellent parents“良好的教育往往取决于优秀的父母”。 28．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）迟早你会发现这位教授很好相处。 Sooner or later, you will find the professor easy to __________________. 【答案】get along with/get on with 【详解】“和……相处”对应的短语是get along/on with sb.。不定式to后接动词原形，故填get along/on with。 29．（2024·四川乐山·一模）The twins are of medium height. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ the twins look like? 【答案】 What do 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎中等身高。划线部分是外貌，询问外貌可用结构what do/does sb. look like，主语是the twins，助动词用do。故填What；do。 30．（2023·上海普陀·一模）The audience in the back row stood up in order to get a better view. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the audience in the back row stand up? 【答案】 Why did 【详解】句意：后排的听众站起来是为了获得更好的视野。划线部分表示目的，用疑问词why提问，stood是过去式，因此需要借助助动词did。故填Why；did。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测） On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Directed by famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the show perfectly mixed traditional Chinese yangko (秧歌) dance 1 modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots dressed in bright costumes danced yangko, 2 joyful folk dance from northern China. They spun handkerchiefs 3 (quick) and formed creative patterns that looked like flowers and Chinese characters. These robots 4 (develop) by Unitree, a Chinese company which is 5 (know) for its creative designs. This was not Unitree’s first 6 (succeed). In 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” even danced happily on stage with Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves by 7 (watch) videos of yangko masters. Their AI system allowed them to copy every step perfectly. People were curious about the way the dance combined technology and tradition. Zhang Yimou said, “This dance shows 8 technology can bring new life to traditions.” Recently, the robots 9 (win) the hearts of millions because of these innovations. Young viewers thought it cool while older audiences loved 10 (it) humor and festive spirit. Many called it “a perfect mix of the past and future”. 【答案】 1. with 2. a 3. quickly 4. were developed 5. known 6. success 7. watching 8. how 9. have won 10. its 【导语】本文主要介绍了2025年央视春晚上一场名为“YangBOT”的特别表演，该表演由著名导演张艺谋执导，完美融合了中国传统秧歌舞蹈与现代机器人技术。 1. 句意：由著名电影导演张艺谋执导，这场表演完美融合了中国传统秧歌舞蹈与现代机器人技术。mix…with…是固定搭配，意为“将……与……混合”。故填with。 2. 句意：在表演中，人形机器人穿着鲜艳的服装跳秧歌，这是一种来自中国北方的欢乐民间舞蹈。设空处需填冠词，表示“一种”，“yangko”是单数可数名词，且“joyful”以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. 句意：它们快速旋转手帕，形成像花朵和汉字一样的创意图案。设空处需填副词修饰动词spun，quick的副词形式为quickly。故填quickly。 4. 句意：这些机器人由中国公司Unitree开发，一家以创新设计闻名的中国公司。设空处需填动词的被动语态，主语“robots”是复数，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态were+done。故填were developed。 5. 句意：这些机器人由中国公司Unitree开发，一家以创新设计闻名的中国公司。be known for是固定搭配，意为“以……闻名”。故填known。 6. 句意：这不是Unitree的第一次成功。根据“Unitree’s first...”可知，设空处需填名词，作表语，“succeed”的名词形式为success。故填success。 7. 句意：机器人通过观看秧歌大师的视频学习舞蹈动作。设空处需填动名词作介词by的宾语，watch的动名词形式为watching。故填watching。 8. 句意：张艺谋说：“这支舞蹈展示了技术如何为传统注入新生命。”设空处需填连接词引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用how。故填how。 9. 句意：最近，这些机器人因其创新赢得了数百万人的心。强调过去动作对现在的影响，设空处需填现在完成时（have/has done），主语是复数。故填have won。 10. 句意：年轻的观众认为这很酷，而年长的观众喜欢它的幽默和节日气氛。设空处需填形容词性物主代词，修饰“humor and festive spirit”，it对应的形容词性物主代词为its“它的”。故填its。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏宿迁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。 My Favorite Movie: Ne Zha 2 My favorite movie is Ne Zha 2. It is 1 exciting Chinese cartoon movie. The story continues from the 2 (one) movie. After the big thunderstorm, Ne Zha and Ao Bing were 3 big trouble. Their 4 (body) were about to disappear. Taiyi Zhenren wanted to help them with a magic lotus (莲花), but bad guys kept 5 (stop) them. The movie was full 6 exciting parts. Ne Zha fought bravely, and his actions made me feel so 7 (excite)! The pictures in the movie were also great. The colors were bright and the sea scenes looked so real. It felt like I was right there, watching Ne Zha’s adventures (冒险). What I liked most were the characters (角色). Ne Zha was so brave. Even when things were hard, he never gave 8 . His famous saying “My fate (命运) is mine, not the Heaven’s!” 9 (deep) inspires me. This taught 10 (I) to be strong when we have difficulty. The friendship between Ne Zha and Ao Bing was also beautiful. They always helped each other. This movie is not just fun to watch, but also teaches us important lessons about friendship, courage and family. I hope everyone can watch it! 【答案】 1. an 2. first 3. in 4. bodies 5. stopping 6. of 7. excited 8. up 9. deeply 10. me 【导语】本文介绍了作者最喜欢的电影《哪吒2》。 1. 句意：这是一部激动人心的中国卡通电影。根据“exciting Chinese cartoon movie.”可知此处泛指一部电影，且exciting是元音音素开头的单词，故填an。 2. 句意：故事从第一部电影开始。根据“the”提示可知，此处指的第一部电影，填序数词first“第一”。故填first。 3. 句意：大雷雨过后，哪吒和敖丙遇到了大麻烦。根据“big trouble”可知，考查固定搭配in trouble“处于麻烦中”。故填in。 4. 句意：他们的肉身即将消失。根据“were”可知，填名词复数，故填bodies。 5. 句意：太乙真人想用一棵魔莲来帮助他们，但坏人不断阻止他们。根据“but bad guys kept”可知，考查keep doing“继续做某事”，因此填动名词。故填stopping。 6. 句意：这部电影充满了激动人心的部分。根据“The movie was full”可知，考查be full of“充满”，固定短语，故填of。 7. 句意：哪吒战斗得很勇敢，他的行为让我感到很兴奋！根据“made me feel so”可知，此处指的人感到兴奋，excited“感到兴奋的”，作表语。故填excited。 8. 句意：即使遇到困难，他也从不放弃。根据“Even when things were hard, he never gave”可知，此处指的他从不放弃，give up“放弃”符合题意，为动词短语。故填up。 9. 句意：他的名言是“我命运由我不由天！”深深激励着我。修饰动词“inspires”，填副词deeply。故填deeply。 10. 句意：这部电影不仅看起来有趣，而且还教会了我们关于友谊、勇气和家庭的重要教训。设空处前是动词“taught”，接人称代词宾格形式me“我”。故填me。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏徐州·一模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 In 2025, Nezha 2: The Magic Child Stirs the Sea became a hit! Directed by Jiaozi, this fantasy film tells the story of Nezha, a boy born 1 magical powers. Villagers called him a “demon” and were afraid of him, 2 Nezha never gave up. With love from his parents, he learned 3 (control) his powers and fight for good. The film shows Nezha’s hard journey. When villagers threw stones at him, he 4 (hide) his tears and thought, “Am I really a monster?” His mother hugged him and said, “You decide who you are.” These words made many 5 (child) cry. The most famous line—“I am the master of my own fate!”—taught us courage. The cartoons are 6 (amaze): fire dragons dance in the sky, and water battles look real. But the best part is Nezha’s heart. He protected the village 7 (brave) even when people hated him. “Fate isn’t fixed,” he shouted, breaking the old rule. This film is more than a story. It tells us: Don’t let others’ words define us. Just 8 Nezha, we can change our lives with 9 (kind) and courage. No wonder it’s the favorite of millions! If you haven’t watched it, run to the cinema—you 10 (remember) Nezha’s smile forever. 【答案】 1. with 2. but 3. to control 4. hid 5. children 6. amazing 7. bravely 8. like 9. kindness 10. will remember 【导语】本文介绍了2025年上映的奇幻电影《哪吒2：魔童闹海》，讲述了拥有魔力的哪吒虽被村民视为妖怪，但在父母关爱下学会掌控力量、为正义而战的故事。 1. 句意：由饺子执导，这部奇幻电影讲述了哪吒的故事，一个生来具有神奇力量的男孩。根据“a boy born...magical powers”可知，这里表示 “天生具有某种能力或特质”，固定搭配为 “be born with”。故填with。 2. 句意：村民们称他为 “妖怪” 并且害怕他，但是哪吒从未放弃。根据“Villagers called him a ‘demon’ and were afraid of him”和“Nezha never gave up”可知，前后句存在转折关系，村民对哪吒的态度和哪吒自己的态度形成对比，所以用“but”连接。故填but。 3. 句意：在父母的爱下，他学会了控制自己的力量并为正义而战。“learn to do sth.”为固定用法，表示“学会做某事”。故填to control。 4. 句意：当村民们向他扔石头时，他忍住了眼泪并心想：“我真的是个妖怪吗？”据“When villagers threw stones at him”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“hide”的过去式为“hid”。故填hid。 5. 句意：这些话让许多孩子哭了。根据“many”可知，“many”后接可数名词复数形式，“child”的复数形式是“children”。故填children。 6. 句意：这些动画场景令人惊叹：火龙在天空中飞舞，水战看起来十分逼真。根据“The cartoons are”可知，这里描述动画场景令人惊叹，“amazing”用于修饰物，意为 “令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。 7. 句意：即使人们讨厌他，他仍然勇敢地保护了村庄。根据“He protected the village”可知，这里需要用副词修饰动词“protected”，“brave”的副词形式“bravely”，表示勇敢地保护村庄。故填bravely。 8. 句意：就像哪吒一样，我们可以用善良和勇气改变我们的生活。根据“Just...Nezha”可知，这里表示“就像哪吒一样”，用介词 “like”。故填like。 9. 句意：就像哪吒一样，我们可以用善良和勇气改变我们的生活。根据“with...and courage”可知，“with”后接名词，“kind”的名词形式是“kindness”，与“courage”并列。故填kindness。 10. 句意：如果你还没有看过这部电影，快去电影院吧 —— 你将永远记住哪吒的笑容。根据“If you haven’t watched it, run to the cinema”可知，去看电影是将来发生的动作，要用一般将来时。故填will remember。 Passage 4 （2025·江苏徐州·一模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Once there was a large stone in a family’s vegetable garden. People often 1 (fall) over it. The son asked, “Dad, why don’t we dig out that stone?” The father replied, “It has been there 2 your grandfather was a child. It’s so huge. Instead of digging it out, we’d better be careful when 3 (walk).” Twenty years later, the son became 4 father. One day, his daughter said 5 (angry), “Dad, I really don’t like that big stone. Let’s move it away.” The father replied, “Forget it! That big stone is very heavy. If it could be 6 (move), it would have been done when I was a child. The daughter was still 7 (happy). One morning, she took a hoe (锄头) to the garden. She planned 8 (spend) the whole day digging it out. Unexpectedly, it took only a few minutes to dig up the stone. Looking 9 it, and the stone was not as big as they thought. What stops 10 (we) from creating new things is the “stone” in our mind. 【答案】 1. fell 2. since 3. walking 4. a 5. angrily 6. moved 7. unhappy 8. to spend 9. at 10. us 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过讲述一个家庭菜园中的大石头被几代人误认为无法移动，最终被女儿轻松挖出的故事，说明阻碍我们创新的往往是思维中的“石头”。 1. 句意：人们经常被它绊倒。根据前文“Once there was...”可知文章讲述过去的事，用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell。故填fell。 2. 句意：自从你祖父还是个孩子的时候它就一直在那里了。since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，符合此句语境。故填since。 3. 句意：与其把它挖出来，我们走路的时候最好小心点。when引导时间状语从句，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语含be动词时，可省略从句主语和be动词，完整形式为“when we are walking”，省略后填walking。故填walking。 4. 句意：二十年后，儿子成为了一位父亲。此处表示泛指“一位”，father以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5. 句意：一天，他的女儿生气地说：“爸爸，我真的不喜欢那块大石头。我们把它移走吧。”此处修饰动词said，用副词angrily表示“生气地”。故填angrily。 6. 句意：如果它能被移动，在我小时候就已经被移走了。石头是“被移动”，用被动语态be done，move的过去分词为moved。故填moved。 7. 句意：女儿仍然不开心。根据前文可知女儿想移走石头，父亲不同意，所以女儿不开心，happy的反义词为unhappy“不开心的”。故填unhappy。 8. 句意：她计划花一整天把它挖出来。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，用动词不定式to spend。故填to spend。 9. 句意：看着它，这块石头并没有他们想象的那么大。look at“看着”，是固定短语。故填at。 10. 句意：阻碍我们创造新事物的是我们心中的 “石头”。stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，此处作stop的宾语，用宾格us。故填us。 Passage 5 （2025·江苏泰州·一模）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 The Chinese people have created lots of amazing art forms, such as local operas, and folk music played by traditional musical instruments. Now, take two of them—the pipa and the ruan as examples. Let’s take a close look at them 1 (feel) their lasting charm. The pipa came from Central Asia, with 2 history of over 2,000 years. This pear-shaped instrument 3 (name) “pipa” because of its two basic playing techniques—“pī” (playing outward) and “pá” (playing inward). With lots of playing skills, it’s one of 4 (hard) instruments to master. It’s 5 (high) useful and can show many different feelings. Fast playing can show the excitement, 6 soft playing expresses deep feelings. Its pieces are very rich, from energetic and rhythmic ones 7 slow and sad ones. The ruan got its name after Ruan Xian, a famous 8 (music) in the Western Jin Dynasty. It has a round body, a long neck, and four strings (弦). It first appeared in the Han Dynasty and 9 (become) popular in the Tang Dynasty. The ruan gives you a comfortable feeling because 10 (it) sound is sweet, warm and gentle. Both the pipa and the ruan bridge the past and the present, inviting us to enjoy the beauty of Chinese music and the stories behind them. 【答案】 1. to feel 2. a 3. is named 4. the hardest 5. highly 6. while 7. to 8. musician 9. became 10. its 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国传统乐器琵琶和阮的历史、特点及其在中国音乐中的重要性。 1. 句意：让我们仔细看看它们来感受它们持久的魅力。根据句子结构可知，此处需要不定式表示目的。故填to feel。 2. 句意：琵琶来自中亚，有着2000多年的历史。history表示“历史”，为可数名词，且首次提到，需用不定冠词；history是以辅音音素开头，因此用a。故填a。 3. 句意：这种梨形乐器因其两种基本演奏技巧——“琵”(向外演奏)和“琶”(向内演奏)而得名“琵琶”。句子为一般现在时；主语“This pear-shaped instrument”为第三人称单数，且此处表示“被命名”，需用被动语态。故填is named。 4. 句意：它有很多的演奏技巧，是最难掌握的乐器之一。此处是结构“one of the 形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。故填the hardest。 5. 句意：它非常有用，可以表达许多不同的情感。此处修饰形容词“useful”，需用副词形式。故填highly。 6. 句意：快速演奏可以表现出兴奋，而轻柔的演奏则表达深沉的情感。根据“Fast playing can show the excitement, … soft playing expresses deep feelings.”可知，空格前后句子是在作对比，因此需要表示对比的连词。故填while。 7. 句意：它的曲目非常丰富，从充满活力和节奏感的曲目到缓慢而悲伤的曲目。根据“from energetic and rhythmic ones … slow and sad ones.”可知，此处是指“从……到……”，from … to …表示“从……到……”。故填to。 8. 句意：阮是以西晋时期著名音乐家阮咸的名字命名的。根据句意可知，此处需要一个表示职业的名词。musician表示“音乐家”，为可数名词；空格前有不定冠词a修饰，因此用单数。故填musician。 9. 句意：它最早出现在汉代，并在唐代流行起来。根据“It first appeared in the Han Dynasty and …”可知，此句为一般过去时，需用动词的过去式。故填became。 10. 句意：阮给你一种舒适的感觉，因为它的声音甜美、温暖而柔和。根据句子结构以及空后的名词“sound”可知，此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词“sound”。故填its。 Passage 6 （2025·江苏常州·模拟预测）The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 1, 000 years in China. It is used as a water-proof tool for daily use. One of the most popular 1 (story) about the umbrella is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have 2 competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, who comes up with a way to make it possible for people to visit the West Lake even on rainy days will be the winner.” Many people thought it was difficult to solve this problem, 3 Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected some tools and materials which were important 4 (build) pavilions (凉亭) and started working. The next morning, Lu Ban looked at his works and talked about them 5 (proud): “Look, I 6 (finish) building pavilions around the lake already.” At that time, his sister was holding something unusual in her hand. Lu Ban was surprised to find it could 7 (open) into a round shape. He also found that the object was made of silk and bamboo strips. It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said, “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect us 8 rain.” So the umbrella was invented. Later, people used much 9 (cheap) paper to make the umbrella, and brushed tung oil across the surface to make it water-proof. That was 10 the oil-paper umbrella was invented. It greatly helped ancient Chinese people go out on rainy days. 【答案】 1. stories 2. a 3. but 4. to build 5. proudly 6. have finished 7. be opened 8. from 9. cheaper 10. how 【导语】本文讲述了中国油纸伞的起源故事。 1. 句意：关于伞最流行的故事之一与鲁班有关。根据“one of+名词复数”可知，此处需要名词复数，故填stories。 2. 句意：妹妹说：“我们来比赛吧。根据“competition”可知，此处需要冠词，competition是辅音音素开头，a符合句意，故填a。 3. 句意：许多人认为这个问题很难解决，但鲁班觉得很容易。根据“Lu Ban thought it was easy”可知，前后转折关系，but符合句意，故填but。 4. 句意：他收集了一些工具和材料，这些对建造凉亭很重要，然后开始工作。根据“were important”可知，be adj.+to do，此处用动词不定式，故填to build。 5. 句意：第二天早上，鲁班看着他的作品，骄傲地谈论道： “看，我已经建完湖边的凉亭了。”根据“talked about them”可知，副词修饰动词，proudly符合句意，故填proudly。 6. 句意：第二天早上，鲁班看着他的作品，骄傲地谈论道： “看，我已经建完湖边的凉亭了。”根据“already”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，I是主语，have finished符合句意，故填have finished。 7. 句意：鲁班惊讶地发现它可以被展开成圆形。根据“it”可知，主语与谓语动词是被动关系，情态动词后接动词原形，be opened符合句意，故填be opened。 8. 句意：你的‘凉亭’可以保护我们免受雨淋。根据“protect us”可知，protect sb from sth“保护某人免受……”，故填from。 9. 句意：后来，人们用更便宜的纸制作伞，并在表面刷上桐油以防水。根据“much”可知，需要比较级，cheaper符合句意，故填cheaper。 10. 句意：这就是油纸伞如何被发明的。根据“the oil-paper umbrella was invented”可知，雨伞如何被发明的，故填how。 15 / 17乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $