专题01 谓语动词的时态和语态（江苏专用）-【简语法-中考核心语法精练】2026年江苏地区中考备考 一轮复习专用（译林版）

中考核心语法精练 专题01 谓语动词的时态和语态（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、基础时态核心语法表格 本表聚焦六大基础时态的核心要素，涵盖主动语态构成、核心用法、高频标志词及典型例句，清晰呈现各时态的适用场景，帮助快速匹配语境与时态，是时态运用的基础核心。 时态 主动语态构成 核心用法 高频标志词 典型例句 一般现在时 1. 主语 + 动词原形（非三单） 2. 主语 + 动词三单（三单主语） 否定 / 疑问：do/does + 动原 1. 经常性、习惯性动作 / 状态 2. 客观真理、自然规律 3. 时刻表计划动作 4. 主将从现从句 always、usually、often、every day、on weekends、sometimes ① He plays football every Saturday. ② The earth goes around the sun. ③ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 一般过去时 1. 主语 + 动词过去式 否定 / 疑问：did + 动原 1. 过去具体时间的动作 / 状态 2. 过去经常性、习惯性动作 3. 叙事类语境动作 yesterday、last week、in 2023、just now、a moment ago、at that time ① She visited her grandparents last month. ② He often played basketball after school when he was young. 一般将来时 1. will + 动原 2. am/is/are going to + 动原 否定 / 疑问：will+not/was/were+not 1. will：临时决定、客观预测、意愿承诺 2. be going to：计划打算、迹象推断 tomorrow、next year、in the future、soon、this weekend ① I’ll get you a glass of water.（临时决定） ② They are going to take a trip to Beijing.（计划） ③ There will be a new park next year. 现在进行时 1. am/is/are + 现在分词 否定 / 疑问：am/is/are+not + 现在分词 1. 此刻正在进行的动作 2. 现阶段持续的动作 3. 计划中的将来（位移类动词） now、look、listen、at the moment、these days、right now ① Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. ② She is learning English these days. ③ He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 过去进行时 1. was/were + 现在分词 否定 / 疑问：was/were+not + 现在分词 1. 过去特定时刻 / 时间段进行的动作 2. 叙事类语境铺垫背景 at 8 last night、at that moment、from 7 to 9 yesterday、while ① He was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night. ② While my mother was cooking, I was doing homework. 现在完成时 1. have/has + 过去分词 否定 / 疑问：have/has+not + 过去分词 1. 过去动作持续到现在（for/since） 2. 过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 already、yet、just、ever、never、since、for、so far、in the past few years ① He has lived here for 5 years. ② I have finished my homework.（现在可自由活动） ③ Have you ever been to Beijing? 使用注意事项 1. 动词形式是核心易错点：一般现在时三单变化（如 carry→carries）、现在 / 过去进行时的现在分词变形（如 lie→lying）、现在完成时的过去分词变形（如 go→gone）需单独强化记忆，避免拼写错误。 2. 标志词仅为辅助：无明确标志词时，需结合语境逻辑判断（如叙事类文本多用地一般过去时，强调 “现在结果” 用现在完成时）。 3. 现在进行时表将来有局限：仅适用于 go、leave、arrive 等位移或短暂性动词，不可用于延续性动词（如 “明天吃饭” 不可说 I am eating dinner tomorrow）。 4. 主将从现规则需牢记：时间、条件、让步从句中，主句用将来时，从句必须用一般现在时表将来，不可用 will。 二、被动语态核心语法表格 本表对应六大基础时态，梳理被动语态的构成、核心用法及典型例句，明确 “动作承受者作主语” 的逻辑，同时补充情态动词、不定式等特殊被动形式，覆盖各类被动场景的使用需求。 时态 被动语态构成 核心用法 典型例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观真理的被动表达 ① Vegetables are sold in this market every morning. ② The Great Wall is known all over the world. 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作或过去习惯性被动动作 ① The bridge was built in 1998. ② The meeting was held last Friday. 一般将来时 1. will be + 过去分词 2. am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 表达未来将要发生的被动动作或计划中的被动行为 ① A new hospital will be built here next year. ② The party is going to be held in the park. 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are+being + 过去分词 描述此时此刻或当前一段时间内正在进行的被动动作 ① The problem is being discussed now. ② The house is being built these days. 过去进行时 主语 + was/were+being + 过去分词 描述过去某一具体时刻或时间段内正在进行的被动动作 ① When I arrived, the report was being written by her. ② The road was being repaired from 8 to 10 yesterday. 现在完成时 主语 + have/has+been + 过去分词 1. 过去被动动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果 2. 从过去持续到现在的被动状态 ① The project has been finished successfully. ② This book has been kept for 2 weeks. 特殊形式 1. 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 2. 不定式：to be + 过去分词 表 “情态被动” 或 “将来被动” ① Rules must be followed. ② The work needs to be done today. 使用注意事项 1. 构成不可遗漏关键词：进行时被动需加 “being”（如 is being done），完成时被动需加 “been”（如 has been done），否则会构成时态混淆（如 is done 是一般现在时被动，而非现在进行时被动）。 2. 不及物动词无被动：happen、appear、come、go 等不及物动词（无动作承受者）不可用于被动语态（如错误：The accident was happened.）。 3. 主动表被动的固定搭配：部分动词（如 sell、wash、write）后接 well/easily 等副词时，用主动形式表被动含义（如 The book sells well. 这本书卖得好）。 4. 短语动词的被动完整性：“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after、put off）用于被动时，介词 / 副词不可省略（如 The children have been looked after well.）。 三、易混时态辨析核心语法表格 本表针对中考高频易混时态组（一般过去时 vs 现在完成时、现在进行时 vs 一般将来时表将来），从核心区别维度、具体差异、例句对比三方面拆解，帮助精准区分时态语义边界，避免语境误用。 易混时态组 核心区别维度 具体差异 典型例句对比 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 1. 时间关联：过去孤立 vs 过去 - 现在衔接 2. 标志词：具体过去时间 vs 模糊时间 3. 语义侧重：陈述事实 vs 强调影响 / 持续 一般过去时： ① 仅表过去发生的动作，与现在无关 ② 接 yesterday、last week 等具体过去时间 现在完成时： ① 表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在 ② 接 since、for、already 等模糊时间 一般过去时： She met her friend yesterday.（仅陈述过去事实，现在是否联系未知） 现在完成时： She has met her friend recently.（强调现在可能仍有联系，或对现在心情有影响） 现在进行时 vs 一般将来时（表将来） 1. 动词限制：位移 / 短暂性动词 vs 无限制 2. 语境要求：计划明确 vs 临时 / 预测 3. 语义侧重：计划确定性 vs 动作未来性 现在进行时表将来： ① 仅适用于 go/leave/arrive 等位移 / 短暂性动词 ② 需有明确计划、日程支撑（如车票、约定） 一般将来时表将来： ① 无动词类型限制 ② will 表临时决定 / 客观预测；be going to 表计划 / 迹象 现在进行时： He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（已买好车票，计划确定） 一般将来时： ① He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.（可能是临时决定或客观安排） ② It is going to rain.（根据乌云迹象推断，无动词限制） 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时不可混用：现在完成时不可接具体过去时间（如错误：He has finished the work last Friday.）；一般过去时不可接 for/since 表持续（如错误：He lived here for 5 years. 若表持续到现在，需改为 has lived）。 2. 现在进行时表将来需满足双条件：必须是位移 / 短暂性动词 + 明确计划语境，缺一不可（如 “计划学英语” 不可说 I am learning English next year，需用 I am going to learn English next year）。 3. 语境优先于形式：同一语境中，若既表 “计划” 又可表 “预测”，二者可互换，但侧重点不同（如 We will/are going to have a meeting tomorrow：will 侧重客观安排，are going to 侧重主观计划）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗？我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。is going to have将要有；is going to be将会是；are going to be将会是；will have将会有。根据“next month”可知应为一般将来时；根据“There...a science festival next month in our school.”可知应为there be句型，表示“某地存在某物”；根据空后“a science festival”为名词单数，谓语动词也应为单数；因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为“there is going to be”。故选B。 2．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）I ________ of being an astronaut like Wang Yaping since I was a primary school student. A．have dreamed B．am dreaming C．dreamed D．dream 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从我是一个小学生，我就一直梦想着成为一个像王亚平一样的宇航员。 考查现在完成时。根据句子的时间状语“since I was a primary school student”可知，主句时态应为现在完成时；现在完成时的结构为：have/has+动词的过去分词，又因主语为“I”，所以，have dreamed符合题意。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏常州·一模）Mary won’t meet her parents tonight, because they ________ for Beijing. A．are leaving B．will leave C．have left D．leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽今晚不会见到她的父母了，因为他们已经动身去北京了。 考查动词时态。are leaving 是现在进行时表将来；will leave 是一般将来时；have left 是现在完成时；leave 是一般现在时。根据“Mary won’t meet her parents tonight”可知，父母不在本地，已经出发前往北京，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时的用法,。故选C。 4．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Music and art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true? —Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．is paid B．will be paid C．pays D．will pay 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——音乐和艺术进入高中入学考试，是真的吗？——对。但别担心。如果更多地关注它们，没有什么会是困难的。 考查时态及语态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语more attention与pay为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。故选A。 5．（2023·江苏南京·一模）—Why didn’t you answer my phone, Dad? —I in the kitchen then. I didn’t hear the sound. A．cooked B．have cooked C．am cooking D．was cooking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——爸爸，你为什么没有接我电话？——那时候我正在厨房做饭。我没有听见声音。 考查动词时态。根据语境可知，爸爸不接电话的原因是当时正在厨房里做饭，打电话的那个时候他正在做什么，发生在过去某一时刻的动作用过去进行时表达。故选D。 6．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）—Hey, Jack! I called you but there was no answer. —I’m sorry.  I ________ my DIY courses online from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night. A．attended B．am attending C．was attending D．has attended 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嘿，杰克！我打电话给你，但没有人接。——对不起。昨晚7点到9点，我在网上参加自己动手做的课程。 考查动词时态。根据“from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night”可知此处表过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，用过去进行时(was/were doing)。故选C。 7．（2024·江苏泰州·二模）The teacher, with all the students, ________ Li Cong, one of the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII, because he once ________ in Taizhou, our hometown. A．are modest about; lived B．is proud of; lived C．is excited about; have lived D．are crazy about; have lived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师和所有的学生都为李聪感到骄傲，他是神舟十八号的宇航员之一，因为他曾经住在我们的家乡泰州。 考查时态和短语辨析。be modest about对……谦虚；be proud of为……骄傲；be excited about对……兴奋；be crazy about对……痴迷。根据“one of the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII”可知，老师和学生为他感到自豪；根据“once”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，故选B。 8．（2022·江苏苏州·一模）—I hear Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. —Yes, but don’t worry. Nothing can be difficult if more attention ________ to them in the future. A．will pay B．will be paid C．is paid D．pays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我听说音乐和艺术将进入高中入学考试。——是的，但别担心。如果将来对它们给予更多的关注，没有什么是困难的。 考查谓语动词时态和语态。if引导的是条件状语从句，从句时态应用一般现在时，从句主语“attention”和动词pay是动宾关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done。故选C。 9．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you some day. A．succeed B．succeeded C．will succeed D．have succeeded 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要灰心。如果你继续努力，将来某一天你会成功的。 考查if引导的条件状语从句。succeed成功，动词原形；succeeded动词过去式；will succeed一般将来时；have succeeded过去完成时。if表示“如果”时遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；空格处于主句位置，故用一般将来时。故选C。 10．（2023·江苏南通·三模）—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice ______ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A．will plant B．plant C．will be planted D．is planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——据说科学家们正在研究海稻。——太棒了！如果水稻种植在咸水中，中国的粮食供应肯定会大幅度增加。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。will plant将种植，一般将来时；plant种植，一般现在时；will be planted将被种植，一般将来时的被动语态；is planted被种植，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If rice…in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly.”可知，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现原则”，主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时，主语“rice水稻”和谓语动词“plant种植”之间是被动关系。所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 11．（2023·江苏宿迁·三模）—Why is Lucy’s Chinese so good? —Because she ________ Beijing for ten years. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has come to D．has been in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么Lucy的中文这么好？——因为她在北京已经十年了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了，还未回；has been to去过，已回；has come to已经到了；has been in曾在，住在某地/待在某地一段时间。根据“Because she ... Beijing for ten years.”可知，此处表示在北京待了十年。故选D。 12．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）Every year since 2001, one city around the world _________ to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. A．chooses B．is chosen C．chose D．was chosen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自2001年以来，每年都有一个城市被选为联合国教科文组织世界图书之都，为期一年。 考查被动语态。主语one city和谓语动词choose之间是被动关系，用被动语态，即“be动词+过去分词”；由“every year”可知，时态是一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，choose的过去分词是chosen，所以一般现在时的被动语态是is chosen。故选B。 13．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Your new Chinese knot is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I ________ it for two months. A．have had B．had C．have bought D．bought 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的新中国结真漂亮！你什么时候买的？——四月。我已经买了两个月了。 考查现在完成时。由答语“for two months”可知，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语为I，助动词用have；此处表示一段时间，谓语动词要用延续性动词，buy的延续性动词为have，过去分词为had，故选A。 14．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Everyone _________ deeply after they heard the story. A．moves B．moved C．has moved D．was moved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每个人听了这个故事后都被深深地感动了。 考查时态及语态。根据“after they heard the story”可知时态为一般过去时，主语Everyone与动词move构成被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选D。 15．（23-24九年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）—There are _________ many clubs in our school that I can’t decide which one to join. —I _________ a member of the dancing club for over a year. Would you like to join us? A．such; have been B．so; have been C．such; have become D．so; have become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们学校有如此多的社团以至于我不能决定参加哪一个。——我已经加入舞蹈社一年多了，你愿意加入我们吗？ 考查副词和现在完成时。so many“如此多”，固定句式，such不和many连用；根据“for over a year”可知，时态为现在完成时，应用表示持续性的动词，结构为have/has+done，become为短暂性动词，强调动作，be为持续性动词，强调状态，主语是I，be的现在分词为been。故选B。 二、完成句子 1. （2024·江苏常州·二模）莉莉经常被提醒在公众场合要降低音量。 Lily is often ________ in public. 【答案】reminded to keep her voice down 【详解】对比中英文可知，remind to keep one’s voice down“提醒某人降低声音”；分析句子结构可知，此处为被动语态，应用动词过去分词reminded。故填reminded to keep her voice down。 2. （2023·江苏淮安·三模）他一回家就会和爷爷下象棋。 He will _______________ with his grandfather _______________ he comes back. 【答案】 play chess as soon as 【详解】下象棋：play chess；一……就……：as soon as。助动词will后接动词原形。故填play chess；as soon as。 3. （2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________ students in our school ________ lunch at about half past eleven every day？ 【答案】 Do have 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生每天大约在十一点半吃午饭。句子是一般现在时，主语是复数“students”，构成一般疑问句时需用助动词“Do”开头，放在句首首字母要大写，后接主语和动词原形。故填Do；have。 4. （2024·江苏无锡·三模）那位年轻人太急于求成以至于最终失败了。 The young man ________ to achieve success that he failed at last. 【答案】was in such a hurry 【详解】分析句子可知，此处为结构so/such...that“如此……以至于……”，so后跟形容词或副词，such后跟名词，in a hurry“急切”，a hurry为名词，因此应用such，根据“he failed at last”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语“The young man”为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was in such a hurry。 5. （24-25九年级下·江苏宿迁·开学考试）成龙在这部电影里扮演一个警察。 Jackie Chan _________ _________ _________ _________ a policeman in the film. 【答案】 plays the role of 【详解】“扮演”常见表达为“play the role of”，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是“Jackie Chan”，所以“play”要用第三人称单数形式“plays”。故填plays；the；role；of。 6. （2023·上海金山·一模）Kitty asked Ben, “Will we visit our uncle in Beijing during the holiday?”（改为宾语从句） Kitty asked Ben ________ they ________ visit their uncle in Beijing during the holiday. 【答案】 if /whether would 【详解】句意：凯蒂问本：“假期期间我们会去北京看望我们的叔叔吗？”根据“Will we visit...?”可知，问句为一般疑问句，用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句；原问句时态为一般将来时，主句的时态为一般过去式，遵循主过从过原则，所以需要将从句改为过去将来时，其结构为would do。故填if/whether；would。 7. （2023·上海青浦·一模）The scientists discovered an ancient mask in Sichuan.（改为被动语态） An ancient mask ________ ________ in Sichuan by the scientists. 【答案】 was discovered 【详解】句意：科学家们在四川发现了一个古老的面具。被动语态的结构为be done。根据题干可知，时态为一般过去时。主语“An ancient mask”为单数，因此be动词需用was；discover的过去分词为discovered。故填was；discovered。 8. （24-25七年级上·江苏泰州·期末）This pair of trousers costs me 100 yuan. (改为同义句) I ________ 100 yuan ________ this pair of trousers. 【答案】 pay/spend for/on 【详解】句意：这条裤子花了我100元。 改为同义句时，可需结构pay...for...意为“为……付款”；spend..on sth.意为“某物花费……”，，根据“costs”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故填pay/spend；for/on。 9. （2023·江苏淮安·二模）告诉Tom落后时不灰心，领先时不骄傲。 Tell Tom not to lose heart when he ________ and not ________ when he takes the lead. 【答案】 falls behind to be proud 【详解】“落后”是动词短语fall behind，结合语境，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，主语he为第三人称单数，谓语应用动词fall的三单形式falls；根据“tell Tom not to”可知not后接动词不定式to do作宾语补足语，“骄傲”是形容词proud，其前应用be动词。故填falls behind；to be proud。 10. （2023·上海普陀·一模）often, depends on, good, excellent parents, education(连词成句) __________________________________. 【答案】Good education often depends on excellent parents 【详解】根据标点判断是陈述句。分析单词可知：good education作主语，句首首字母大写；depends on作谓语； excellent parents作宾语；often频度副词，放在谓语动词前。故填Good education often depends on excellent parents“良好的教育往往取决于优秀的父母”。 11. （2023·江苏淮安·一模）史密斯先生经常教我们如何欣赏艺术品。 Mr Smith often ________ us __________________ works of art. 【答案】 teaches how to enjoy 【详解】根据often可知，此句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，teach表示“教”；“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，how如何；enjoy欣赏。故填teaches；how to enjoy。 12. （2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were ________ ________ work 12 hours a day by the boss. 【答案】 made to 【详解】句意：老板让工人们每天工作12小时。改为被动语态时，宾语“the workers”变为主语，谓语动词需改为被动形式“be made”。由于主语是复数，时态为过去时，因此用were made。主动语态中省略to的动词原形work，在被动语态中需恢复为带to的不定式to work。故填made；to。 13. （2025·江苏泰州·一模）The boy became aware that he was doing right when his mother smiled to him. When the boy saw the ________ on his mother’s face, he ________ that he was right. 【答案】 smile realized 【详解】句意：当他母亲对他微笑时，男孩意识到自己做得对。根据题干改为同义句，第一空应填smile“笑容”，指“看到妈妈脸上的笑”；第二空指“意识到”，原句中“became aware（意识到）”与“realized（意识到）”同义，故填smile；realized。 14. （2025·江苏泰州·一模）The present doesn’t cost much, but it’s of great importance to me. ________ the present is not expensive, it ________ a lot to me. 【答案】 Although/Though means 【详解】句意：这个礼物不贵，但对我来说非常重要。原句中的“but”表示转折，可以改写为用Although/Though“尽管，虽然”引导的让步状语从句，句意相同，句首首字母大写；第二空原句“it’s of great importance to me”强调重要性，且为一般现在时，可替换为动词短语“means a lot to me”，表示“对我意义重大”。故填Although/Though; means。 15. （2023·上海普陀·一模）The audience in the back row stood up in order to get a better view. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the audience in the back row stand up? 【答案】 Why did 【详解】句意：后排的听众站起来是为了获得更好的视野。划线部分表示目的，用疑问词why提问，stood是过去式，因此需要借助助动词did。故填Why；did。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏徐州·二模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Many people dream of traveling into space, but it 1 (cost) too much to make that dream come true. 2 (luck), here is a chance for people who love exploring space. An unusual new reality TV show called Space Hero is coming. Space Hero will be the world’s first reality show in space. It will send 3 lucky traveller into the space station and let him or her stay there 4 ten days. The show is open to anyone that is 5 (old) than 18. Twelve men and twelve women will be 6 (pick). And then they will take part in hard space training for the final trip, 7 fitness is very important for the would-be traveler. Challenges and 8 (activity) will help find the winner. People from all over the world will first watch the show and finally pick 9 (they) favourite person through the Internet. The creators of Space Hero hope the show 10 (encourage) interest in space travel. 【答案】 1. costs 2. Luckily 3. a 4. for 5. older 6. picked 7. so 8. activities 9. their 10. will encourage 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一档名为“Space Hero”的新型太空真人秀节目，该节目将选拔幸运观众前往太空站，并希望通过节目激发人们对太空旅行的兴趣。 1. 句意：许多人梦想着去太空旅行，但实现这个梦想花费太高。分析句子结构，主语“it”指代“traveling into space”，为单数，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填costs。 2. 句意：幸运的是，这里有一个热爱探索太空的人的机会。设空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词形式。故填Luckily。 3. 句意：它将送一位幸运的旅行者进入太空站。此处泛指“一位幸运的旅行者”，且“lucky”以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4. 句意：让他在那里停留十天。表示持续的时间段用介词for。故填for。 5. 句意：该节目对任何年满18岁以上的人开放。根据“than 18”可知需用比较级。故填older。 6. 句意：12名男性和12名女性将被选中。主语“they”与动词pick之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。故填picked。 7. 句意：因此，体能对未来的旅行者非常重要。前后句为因果关系，需用连词so。故填so。 8. 句意：挑战和活动将帮助找到获胜者。与“Challenges”并列，且“activity”为可数名词，需用复数形式。故填activities。 9. 句意：人们将通过互联网选出他们最喜欢的人。修饰名词“favourite person”需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 10. 句意：“Space Hero”的创作者希望该节目将激发人们对太空旅行的兴趣。根据“hope”后的从句表示未来期望，用一般将来时。故填will encourage。 Passage 2 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Wu BOT: When Kung Fu Meets Robots The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala showed us an amazing program called Wu BOT. In the show, humanoid (人形) robots perform 1 (tradition） Chinese kung fu with young martial artists, making it one of the most talked-about performances of this year’s gala. The robots 2 (design) and produced by Unitree Technology, a leading Chinese robotics company. These Unitree G1 robots perform difficult movements, 3 (include) drunken boxing, nunchaku (双节棍) and parkour (跑酷). They cooperate on stage with students from Henan Tagou Wushu School, one of 4 (good) kung fu schools in China. With high-precision (高精度） control and stable motion design, the robots are able 5 (move) smoothly and work naturally with human performers. The performance shows clear progress in just one year. In the 2025 gala, they could only perform simple group kung fu moves. 6 , they completed complex (复杂的) kung fu movements easily this year. This change shows the rapid 7 (develop) of robot motion control and group cooperation technology. Wu BOT is more than just an entertaining stage act. It mixes Chinese culture and modern technology in 8 creative way. This technology is helpful for search and rescue in 9 (danger) places. It also helps young students understand kung fu from a new perspective, and shows the public the latest AI technology in China’s humanoid robots. 10 the future, such technologies may be widely used in fields like education, public services and daily life. 【答案】 1. traditional 2. are designed/were designed 3. including 4. the best 5. to move 6. However 7. development 8. a 9. dangerous 10. In 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年春晚节目中展示的人形机器人“Wu BOT”表演中国传统功夫，展现了机器人在运动控制和群体协作技术方面的快速进步，以及这一技术在文化、救援等领域的应用前景。 1. 句意：在节目中，人形机器人与年轻的武术演员一起表演中国传统功夫。此处修饰名词短语“Chinese kung fu”，需用形容词形式。tradition的形容词为traditional，意为“传统的”。 2. 句意：这些机器人由中国领先的机器人公司宇树科技设计和生产。主语The robots与design之间为被动关系。若强调过去发生的动作，可用一般过去时的被动语态“were designed”；若介绍客观事实（如产品信息），也可用一般现在时的被动语态“are designed”。两种时态在语境中均可接受。 3. 句意：这些宇树G1机器人表演高难度动作，包括醉拳、双节棍和跑酷。此处表示补充说明，需用介词including，意为“包括”。 4. 句意：它们与来自河南塔沟武术学校的学生在舞台上合作，这是中国最好的武术学校之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，故填the best。 5. 句意：凭借高精度控制和稳定的运动设计，这些机器人能够平稳移动并与人类表演者自然配合。“be able to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，故填to move。 6. 句意：然而，今年它们轻松完成了复杂的功夫动作。前文提到2025年春晚只能表演简单的群体功夫动作，后文提到今年能完成复杂动作，前后为转折关系，且空格后有逗号，故填However。 7. 句意：这一变化显示了机器人运动控制和群体协作技术的快速发展。此处作shows的宾语，且被形容词rapid修饰，需用名词形式。develop的名词为development。 8. 句意：Wu BOT以一种创意的方式将中国文化和现代科技融合在一起。“in a creative way”为固定短语，意为“以创意的方式”。 9. 句意：这项技术对危险地点的搜索和救援很有帮助。此处修饰名词places，需用形容词形式。danger的形容词为dangerous，意为“危险的”。 10. 句意：在未来，这样的技术可能会广泛应用于教育、公共服务和日常生活等领域。“in the future”为固定短语，意为“在未来”，句首首字母大写。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏常州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know 1 tea was invented? It is said that it was invented by accident. One day, Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over 2 open fire. Some 3 (leaf) from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. The water turned brown and produced a nice smell. Then Shen Nong decided 4 (taste) the brown water. To 5 (he) surprise, it was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite 6 (drink) was invented. Today, tea is still 7 (wide) enjoyed around the world. It 8 (discover) that tea can make people feel relaxed. What’s more, tea has become an important part of Chinese culture. People in China often serve tea 9 guests when they visit. In recent years, many tea art shows 10 (hold) to teach young people about the history and culture of tea. They help to spread Chinese tea culture to more countries. 【答案】 1. how 2. an 3. leaves 4. to taste 5. his 6. drinks 7. widely 8. is discovered 9. to 10. have been held 【导语】本文主要讲述了茶的发明过程、茶的益处以及茶在中国文化中的重要性。 1. 句意：你知道茶是怎么被发明的吗？根据“It is said that it was invented by accident.”可知，空处是询问茶是如何被发明的，用how“如何，怎样”引导宾语从句。故填how。 2. 句意：有一天，神农在露天火上煮饮用水。此处泛指一次露天火上，且open是元音音素开头的单词，用an表示。故填an。 3. 句意：一些茶树的叶子掉进了水里，并在那里停留了一段时间。Some后跟可数名词复数形式，leaf的复数为leaves“叶子”。故填leaves。 4. 句意：然后神农决定尝一尝这棕色的水。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语。故填to taste。 5. 句意：令他惊讶的是，它相当美味。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，he的形容词性物主代词为his。故填his。 6. 句意：就这样，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。one of后接可数名词复数形式，drink的复数为drinks。故填drinks。 7. 句意：如今，茶仍在世界各地广受欢迎。空处用副词widely“广泛地”，修饰动词。故填widely。 8. 句意：人们发现茶能让人感到放松。it is discovered that ...为固定句型，表示“人们发现……”，空处需用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is discovered。 9. 句意：在中国，人们经常在客人来访时为他们提供茶水。serve sth to sb“为某人提供某物”。故填to。 10. 句意：近年来，举办了许多茶艺表演来向年轻人传授茶的历史和文化。主语shows与hold之间是动宾关系，且根据“In recent years”可知，时态用现在时完成时，因此用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have been held。 Passage 4 （2025·江苏徐州·三模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 I was tidying my room yesterday and found an old photo between the pages of a notebook. The photo was taken ten years ago. As I was looking at it, the 1 (love) memory of that day came back to me. It 2 my mother’s birthday, and I decided 3 (give) her a surprise with home-made scrambled eggs. In the quiet of the early morning, I got up quickly and stole softly into the kitchen. I had never cooked anything before, so I tried to copy how she did it every day. 4 somehow the eggs ended up burnt. When I saw the dark burnt eggs, it was as if the whole world turned grey. I was about to throw everything away. Just then, my mother 5 (appear) in the doorway. “What’s my little cook creating?” she asked with a smile. I showed her the eggs and 6 (happy) explained what happened. To my surprise, she tasted them, and said they weren’t bad. I guess love is indeed magic. In fact, we ended up laughing and ate 7 all. It is one of the most important 8 (memory) of my life. This weekend is her 9 (forty) birthday. I’ll make her scrambled eggs again, and this time they won’t 10 (burn)! They will be perfectly golden. 【答案】 1. lovely 2. was 3. to give 4. But 5. appeared 6. unhappily 7. them 8. memories 9. fortieth/40th 10. be burnt/be burned 【导语】本文讲述作者在整理房间时发现旧照片，回忆起十年前为母亲做生日早餐的经历，并计划在母亲四十岁生日时再次尝试的故事。 1. 句意：当我看着它时，那天的美好回忆又回到了我的脑海中。根据“the…memory”可知，此处需用形容词修饰名词memory，love的形容词形式为lovely“美好的”符合语境。故填lovely。 2. 句意：那天是我母亲的生日，我决定给她一个自制炒蛋的惊喜。根据“It…my mother’s birthday, and I decided…her a surprise with home-made scrambled eggs.”可知，时态一般过去时，主语It，此处需用be动词的过去式was。故填was。 3. 句意：那天是我母亲的生日，我决定给她一个自制炒蛋的惊喜。根据“decided…”可知，这里是decide to do sth表示“决定做某事”，故填to give。 4. 句意：但不知怎的，鸡蛋最后烧焦了。根据“so I tried to copy how she did it every day.”前句提到“尝试模仿妈妈做饭”，与后句“鸡蛋烧焦”为转折关系，用连词But。故填But。 5. 句意：就在那时，我妈妈出现在门口。根据“I was about to throw everything away. Just then, my mother…in the doorway.”可知，时态一般过去时，此处用appear的过去式appeared。故填appeared。 6. 句意：我给她看了鸡蛋，难过地解释发生了什么。根据“I showed her the eggs and…explained what happened.”可知，鸡蛋烧焦，作者心情应是难过的，用副词unhappily修饰动词explained。故填unhappily。 7. 句意：事实上，我们最后笑着把它们都吃了。根据“ate…all”可知，此处指代前文的eggs，用宾格them。故填them。 8. 句意：这是我生命中最重要的记忆之一。根据“one of the most important…”可知，one of+名词复数，memory的复数为memories。故填memories。 9. 句意：这个周末是她的四十岁生日。根据“This weekend is her…birthday.”可知，这里表示“第40个生日”需用序数词fortieth。故填fortieth/40th。 10. 句意：我会再给她做炒蛋，这次它们不会被烧焦！根据“they won’t…”可知，主语they，指鸡蛋与burn为被动关系，用被动语态be burnt/burned，且won’t后接动词原形。故填be burnt/burned。 Passage 5 （2026·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）根据短文内容，在空格内填入一个适当的单词或者用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。 Zootopia Ⅱ was released in China and North America on November 26, 2025, and became a global hit overnight. It 1 (make) over 2 billion yuan in China in the past ten days and has got an 8.7 score on Douban. Many teens were 2 (excite) about it and had discussions with 3 (they) partners about the story after watching, making it the most popular animated film of the year. Set in the animal city full 4 harmony (和谐), the film follows Judy and Nick. In the 5 (begin), the pair once had big conflicts but refused to give up their friendship. They met a snake who was misunderstood by others, and overcame many 6 (difficulty) to solve a hidden case. Finally, they regained trust and discovered the real plot behind the group conflict, protecting the peace of Zootopia. The movie’s classic lines (经典台词) are filled with profound (深刻的) wisdom. 7 sentence “Change starts with you” teaches us to take steps to make a difference, and “Don’t let prejudice be a wall” reminds us to pay attention to respecting differences. These words help us build up confidence in 8 (face) challenges. Zootopia series are 9 (deep) loved by people for many reasons. Their funny scenes and meaningful themes not only attract viewers, 10 also match Chinese culture well—it shows harmony (a core traditional idea) and adds elements like paper-cutting and lanterns. 【答案】 1. has made 2. excited 3. their 4. of 5. beginning 6. difficulties 7. The 8. facing 9. deeply 10. but 【导语】本文介绍了动画电影《疯狂动物城2》在全球上映后的成功表现，讲述了影片的故事情节、经典台词及其所传递的深刻主题，并分析了该系列电影受观众喜爱的原因。 1. 句意：在过去的十天里，它在中国获得了超过20亿的票房。根据时间状语“in the past ten days”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语It为第三人称单数，故填has made。 2. 句意：许多青少年对此感到兴奋，并在观看后与同伴讨论剧情。主语Many teens为人，描述人的情感状态，应用形容词excited，意为“感到兴奋的”。 3. 句意：许多青少年对此感到兴奋，并在观看后与同伴讨论剧情。此处修饰名词partners，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 4. 句意：故事设定在一个充满和谐的动物城市。be full of为固定短语，意为“充满”。 5. 句意：一开始，这对搭档曾有过重大冲突，但不愿放弃他们的友谊。in the beginning为固定短语，意为“起初；一开始”。 6. 句意：他们遇到了一条被他人误解的蛇，并克服了许多困难，破解了一个隐藏的案件。many后接可数名词复数，difficulty的复数形式为difficulties。 7. 句意：“改变从你开始”这句话教会我们要采取行动去创造不同。此处特指前文提到的经典台词中的一句话，需用定冠词the表示特指，位于句首首字母需大写。 8. 句意：这些话语帮助我们在面对挑战时建立信心。介词in后接动名词facing作宾语。 9. 句意：《疯狂动物城》系列电影深受人们喜爱，原因有很多。此处修饰动词短语are loved，需用副词形式，deep的副词为deeply。 10. 句意：它们的搞笑场景和深刻主题不仅吸引观众，也与中国文化很好地契合。“not only...but also...”为固定结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。 Passage 6 （2025·江苏泰州·三模）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 People need to drink enough water every day. Sometimes, you might not finish drinking your glass of water before 1 (go) to bed. You might want to drink it the next morning. 2 have you ever wondered if it is still safe to drink? “If you have clean water in 3 clean glass, you’re fine to drink it for a day or two,” Kellogg Schwab from the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute in the US told Times. But you may find that it 4 (taste) strange. That’s because after about 12 hours the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air reacts with the water in your glass, slightly lowering the PH level of water. Also, there might be more microorganisms (微生物) in your water if you leave it out overnight. Microorganisms grow much 5 (quick) at room temperature. These microorganisms can stick to your glass. They can make you get sick more easily. But if you clean your glasses very often, this 6 (not be) a problem. In countries like the US and UK, people often drink water directly from the tap. This is OK—however, tap water can’t be stored for a long time. Most experts say that tap water has a shelf life (保存期限) of six months, according to Zane Satterfield from West Virginia University, US. After six months, there is less chlorine (氯) in the water and bacteria (细菌) start to grow. You’d better 7 (not drink) the water, or you may get sick. What about plastic water bottles? Schwab said people should be careful with 8 . If you leave a bottle of water in the sun or a car 9 a long period of time, the plastic produces a chemical 10 (call) BPA．This chemical can cause heart disease. 【答案】 1. going 2. But 3. a 4. tastes 5. more quickly 6. will not be/won’t be 7. not drink 8. them 9. for 10. called 【导语】本文主要讲述了最好不要喝隔夜水。 1. 句意：有时，你可能还没喝完睡前的那杯水。go“去”，介词before后跟动名词。故填going。 2. 句意：但你有没有想过喝这杯水是否仍然安全？根据前句“You might want to drink it the next morning.”（你可能想第二天早上再喝）以及后句“have you ever wondered if it is still safe to drink?”（你有没有想过喝这杯水是否仍然安全）可知，前后句之间存在转折，用转折连词but，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填But。 3. 句意：如果你在一个干净的杯子里有干净的水，你喝个一两天是可以的。根据glass可知，该处表示“一个干净的杯子”， glass是辅音音素开头的单词，用冠词a。故填a。 4. 句意：但你可能会发现它尝起来很奇怪。taste“品尝”，主语it是第三人称单数， 时态为一般现在时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填tastes。 5. 句意：微生物在室温下生长得更快。quickly“快的”，是形容词，修饰动词grow，用副词，much修饰形容词/副词的比较级。故填more quickly。 6. 句意：但是如果你经常清洗你的杯子，这就不是问题。not be“不是”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do，其否定句结构为will not/won’t do。故填will not be/won’t be。 7. 句意：你最好不要喝这个水，否则你可能会生病。drink“喝”，had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”，是固定句型。故填not drink。 8. 句意：施瓦布说，人们应该小心使用它们。此处用them指代上文“plastic water bottles”，故填them。 9. 句意：如果你把一瓶水长时间放在阳光下或汽车里，塑料会产生一种叫做BPA的化学物质。根据“a long period of time”可知，修饰一段时间，用介词for。故填for。 10. 句意：如果你把一瓶水长时间放在阳光下或汽车里, 塑料会产生一种叫作BPA的化学物质。call“称为，叫作”，是动词，结合句意，被叫作BPA的化学物质，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。 6 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法精练 专题01 谓语动词的时态和语态（江苏专用） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 中考模拟提升 一、基础时态核心语法表格 本表聚焦六大基础时态的核心要素，涵盖主动语态构成、核心用法、高频标志词及典型例句，清晰呈现各时态的适用场景，帮助快速匹配语境与时态，是时态运用的基础核心。 时态 主动语态构成 核心用法 高频标志词 典型例句 一般现在时 1. 主语 + 动词原形（非三单） 2. 主语 + 动词三单（三单主语） 否定 / 疑问：do/does + 动原 1. 经常性、习惯性动作 / 状态 2. 客观真理、自然规律 3. 时刻表计划动作 4. 主将从现从句 always、usually、often、every day、on weekends、sometimes ① He plays football every Saturday. ② The earth goes around the sun. ③ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 一般过去时 1. 主语 + 动词过去式 否定 / 疑问：did + 动原 1. 过去具体时间的动作 / 状态 2. 过去经常性、习惯性动作 3. 叙事类语境动作 yesterday、last week、in 2023、just now、a moment ago、at that time ① She visited her grandparents last month. ② He often played basketball after school when he was young. 一般将来时 1. will + 动原 2. am/is/are going to + 动原 否定 / 疑问：will+not/was/were+not 1. will：临时决定、客观预测、意愿承诺 2. be going to：计划打算、迹象推断 tomorrow、next year、in the future、soon、this weekend ① I’ll get you a glass of water.（临时决定） ② They are going to take a trip to Beijing.（计划） ③ There will be a new park next year. 现在进行时 1. am/is/are + 现在分词 否定 / 疑问：am/is/are+not + 现在分词 1. 此刻正在进行的动作 2. 现阶段持续的动作 3. 计划中的将来（位移类动词） now、look、listen、at the moment、these days、right now ① Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. ② She is learning English these days. ③ He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 过去进行时 1. was/were + 现在分词 否定 / 疑问：was/were+not + 现在分词 1. 过去特定时刻 / 时间段进行的动作 2. 叙事类语境铺垫背景 at 8 last night、at that moment、from 7 to 9 yesterday、while ① He was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night. ② While my mother was cooking, I was doing homework. 现在完成时 1. have/has + 过去分词 否定 / 疑问：have/has+not + 过去分词 1. 过去动作持续到现在（for/since） 2. 过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 already、yet、just、ever、never、since、for、so far、in the past few years ① He has lived here for 5 years. ② I have finished my homework.（现在可自由活动） ③ Have you ever been to Beijing? 使用注意事项 1. 动词形式是核心易错点：一般现在时三单变化（如 carry→carries）、现在 / 过去进行时的现在分词变形（如 lie→lying）、现在完成时的过去分词变形（如 go→gone）需单独强化记忆，避免拼写错误。 2. 标志词仅为辅助：无明确标志词时，需结合语境逻辑判断（如叙事类文本多用地一般过去时，强调 “现在结果” 用现在完成时）。 3. 现在进行时表将来有局限：仅适用于 go、leave、arrive 等位移或短暂性动词，不可用于延续性动词（如 “明天吃饭” 不可说 I am eating dinner tomorrow）。 4. 主将从现规则需牢记：时间、条件、让步从句中，主句用将来时，从句必须用一般现在时表将来，不可用 will。 二、被动语态核心语法表格 本表对应六大基础时态，梳理被动语态的构成、核心用法及典型例句，明确 “动作承受者作主语” 的逻辑，同时补充情态动词、不定式等特殊被动形式，覆盖各类被动场景的使用需求。 时态 被动语态构成 核心用法 典型例句 一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作或客观真理的被动表达 ① Vegetables are sold in this market every morning. ② The Great Wall is known all over the world. 一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 描述过去某个时间发生的被动动作或过去习惯性被动动作 ① The bridge was built in 1998. ② The meeting was held last Friday. 一般将来时 1. will be + 过去分词 2. am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 表达未来将要发生的被动动作或计划中的被动行为 ① A new hospital will be built here next year. ② The party is going to be held in the park. 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are+being + 过去分词 描述此时此刻或当前一段时间内正在进行的被动动作 ① The problem is being discussed now. ② The house is being built these days. 过去进行时 主语 + was/were+being + 过去分词 描述过去某一具体时刻或时间段内正在进行的被动动作 ① When I arrived, the report was being written by her. ② The road was being repaired from 8 to 10 yesterday. 现在完成时 主语 + have/has+been + 过去分词 1. 过去被动动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果 2. 从过去持续到现在的被动状态 ① The project has been finished successfully. ② This book has been kept for 2 weeks. 特殊形式 1. 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 2. 不定式：to be + 过去分词 表 “情态被动” 或 “将来被动” ① Rules must be followed. ② The work needs to be done today. 使用注意事项 1. 构成不可遗漏关键词：进行时被动需加 “being”（如 is being done），完成时被动需加 “been”（如 has been done），否则会构成时态混淆（如 is done 是一般现在时被动，而非现在进行时被动）。 2. 不及物动词无被动：happen、appear、come、go 等不及物动词（无动作承受者）不可用于被动语态（如错误：The accident was happened.）。 3. 主动表被动的固定搭配：部分动词（如 sell、wash、write）后接 well/easily 等副词时，用主动形式表被动含义（如 The book sells well. 这本书卖得好）。 4. 短语动词的被动完整性：“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after、put off）用于被动时，介词 / 副词不可省略（如 The children have been looked after well.）。 三、易混时态辨析核心语法表格 本表针对中考高频易混时态组（一般过去时 vs 现在完成时、现在进行时 vs 一般将来时表将来），从核心区别维度、具体差异、例句对比三方面拆解，帮助精准区分时态语义边界，避免语境误用。 易混时态组 核心区别维度 具体差异 典型例句对比 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 1. 时间关联：过去孤立 vs 过去 - 现在衔接 2. 标志词：具体过去时间 vs 模糊时间 3. 语义侧重：陈述事实 vs 强调影响 / 持续 一般过去时： ① 仅表过去发生的动作，与现在无关 ② 接 yesterday、last week 等具体过去时间 现在完成时： ① 表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在 ② 接 since、for、already 等模糊时间 一般过去时： She met her friend yesterday.（仅陈述过去事实，现在是否联系未知） 现在完成时： She has met her friend recently.（强调现在可能仍有联系，或对现在心情有影响） 现在进行时 vs 一般将来时（表将来） 1. 动词限制：位移 / 短暂性动词 vs 无限制 2. 语境要求：计划明确 vs 临时 / 预测 3. 语义侧重：计划确定性 vs 动作未来性 现在进行时表将来： ① 仅适用于 go/leave/arrive 等位移 / 短暂性动词 ② 需有明确计划、日程支撑（如车票、约定） 一般将来时表将来： ① 无动词类型限制 ② will 表临时决定 / 客观预测；be going to 表计划 / 迹象 现在进行时： He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.（已买好车票，计划确定） 一般将来时： ① He will leave for Beijing tomorrow.（可能是临时决定或客观安排） ② It is going to rain.（根据乌云迹象推断，无动词限制） 使用注意事项 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时不可混用：现在完成时不可接具体过去时间（如错误：He has finished the work last Friday.）；一般过去时不可接 for/since 表持续（如错误：He lived here for 5 years. 若表持续到现在，需改为 has lived）。 2. 现在进行时表将来需满足双条件：必须是位移 / 短暂性动词 + 明确计划语境，缺一不可（如 “计划学英语” 不可说 I am learning English next year，需用 I am going to learn English next year）。 3. 语境优先于形式：同一语境中，若既表 “计划” 又可表 “预测”，二者可互换，但侧重点不同（如 We will/are going to have a meeting tomorrow：will 侧重客观安排，are going to 侧重主观计划）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·安徽黄山·期末）—There ________ a science festival next month in our school. —Really? I believe we can see some interesting robot shows. A．is going to have B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have 2．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）I ________ of being an astronaut like Wang Yaping since I was a primary school student. A．have dreamed B．am dreaming C．dreamed D．dream 3．（2025·江苏常州·一模）Mary won’t meet her parents tonight, because they ________ for Beijing. A．are leaving B．will leave C．have left D．leave 4．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Music and art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true? —Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them. A．is paid B．will be paid C．pays D．will pay 5．（2023·江苏南京·一模）—Why didn’t you answer my phone, Dad? —I in the kitchen then. I didn’t hear the sound. A．cooked B．have cooked C．am cooking D．was cooking 6．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）—Hey, Jack! I called you but there was no answer. —I’m sorry.  I ________ my DIY courses online from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. last night. A．attended B．am attending C．was attending D．has attended 7．（2024·江苏泰州·二模）The teacher, with all the students, ________ Li Cong, one of the astronauts of Shenzhou XVIII, because he once ________ in Taizhou, our hometown. A．are modest about; lived B．is proud of; lived C．is excited about; have lived D．are crazy about; have lived 8．（2022·江苏苏州·一模）—I hear Music and Art will enter the Entrance Examination for the high school. —Yes, but don’t worry. Nothing can be difficult if more attention ________ to them in the future. A．will pay B．will be paid C．is paid D．pays 9．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you some day. A．succeed B．succeeded C．will succeed D．have succeeded 10．（2023·江苏南通·三模）—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice ______ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A．will plant B．plant C．will be planted D．is planted 11．（2023·江苏宿迁·三模）—Why is Lucy’s Chinese so good? —Because she ________ Beijing for ten years. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has come to D．has been in 12．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）Every year since 2001, one city around the world _________ to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. A．chooses B．is chosen C．chose D．was chosen 13．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Your new Chinese knot is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I ________ it for two months. A．have had B．had C．have bought D．bought 14．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Everyone _________ deeply after they heard the story. A．moves B．moved C．has moved D．was moved 15．（23-24九年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）—There are _________ many clubs in our school that I can’t decide which one to join. —I _________ a member of the dancing club for over a year. Would you like to join us? A．such; have been B．so; have been C．such; have become D．so; have become 二、完成句子 1. （2024·江苏常州·二模）莉莉经常被提醒在公众场合要降低音量。 Lily is often ________ in public. 2. （2023·江苏淮安·三模）他一回家就会和爷爷下象棋。 He will _______________ with his grandfather _______________ he comes back. 3. （2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. (改为一般疑问句) ________ students in our school ________ lunch at about half past eleven every day？ 4. （2024·江苏无锡·三模）那位年轻人太急于求成以至于最终失败了。 The young man ________ to achieve success that he failed at last. 5. （24-25九年级下·江苏宿迁·开学考试）成龙在这部电影里扮演一个警察。 Jackie Chan _________ _________ _________ _________ a policeman in the film. 6. （2023·上海金山·一模）Kitty asked Ben, “Will we visit our uncle in Beijing during the holiday?”（改为宾语从句） Kitty asked Ben ________ they ________ visit their uncle in Beijing during the holiday. 7. （2023·上海青浦·一模）The scientists discovered an ancient mask in Sichuan.（改为被动语态） An ancient mask ________ ________ in Sichuan by the scientists. 8. （24-25七年级上·江苏泰州·期末）This pair of trousers costs me 100 yuan. (改为同义句) I ________ 100 yuan ________ this pair of trousers. 9. （2023·江苏淮安·二模）告诉Tom落后时不灰心，领先时不骄傲。 Tell Tom not to lose heart when he ________ and not ________ when he takes the lead. 10. （2023·上海普陀·一模）often, depends on, good, excellent parents, education(连词成句) __________________________________. 11. （2023·江苏淮安·一模）史密斯先生经常教我们如何欣赏艺术品。 Mr Smith often ________ us __________________ works of art. 12. （2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were ________ ________ work 12 hours a day by the boss. 13. （2025·江苏泰州·一模）The boy became aware that he was doing right when his mother smiled to him. When the boy saw the ________ on his mother’s face, he ________ that he was right. 14. （2025·江苏泰州·一模）The present doesn’t cost much, but it’s of great importance to me. ________ the present is not expensive, it ________ a lot to me. 15. （2023·上海普陀·一模）The audience in the back row stood up in order to get a better view. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the audience in the back row stand up? 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏徐州·二模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Many people dream of traveling into space, but it 1 (cost) too much to make that dream come true. 2 (luck), here is a chance for people who love exploring space. An unusual new reality TV show called Space Hero is coming. Space Hero will be the world’s first reality show in space. It will send 3 lucky traveller into the space station and let him or her stay there 4 ten days. The show is open to anyone that is 5 (old) than 18. Twelve men and twelve women will be 6 (pick). And then they will take part in hard space training for the final trip, 7 fitness is very important for the would-be traveler. Challenges and 8 (activity) will help find the winner. People from all over the world will first watch the show and finally pick 9 (they) favourite person through the Internet. The creators of Space Hero hope the show 10 (encourage) interest in space travel. Passage 2 （2026·江苏宿迁·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Wu BOT: When Kung Fu Meets Robots The 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala showed us an amazing program called Wu BOT. In the show, humanoid (人形) robots perform 1 (tradition） Chinese kung fu with young martial artists, making it one of the most talked-about performances of this year’s gala. The robots 2 (design) and produced by Unitree Technology, a leading Chinese robotics company. These Unitree G1 robots perform difficult movements, 3 (include) drunken boxing, nunchaku (双节棍) and parkour (跑酷). They cooperate on stage with students from Henan Tagou Wushu School, one of 4 (good) kung fu schools in China. With high-precision (高精度） control and stable motion design, the robots are able 5 (move) smoothly and work naturally with human performers. The performance shows clear progress in just one year. In the 2025 gala, they could only perform simple group kung fu moves. 6 , they completed complex (复杂的) kung fu movements easily this year. This change shows the rapid 7 (develop) of robot motion control and group cooperation technology. Wu BOT is more than just an entertaining stage act. It mixes Chinese culture and modern technology in 8 creative way. This technology is helpful for search and rescue in 9 (danger) places. It also helps young students understand kung fu from a new perspective, and shows the public the latest AI technology in China’s humanoid robots. 10 the future, such technologies may be widely used in fields like education, public services and daily life. Passage 3 （2025·江苏常州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know 1 tea was invented? It is said that it was invented by accident. One day, Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over 2 open fire. Some 3 (leaf) from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. The water turned brown and produced a nice smell. Then Shen Nong decided 4 (taste) the brown water. To 5 (he) surprise, it was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite 6 (drink) was invented. Today, tea is still 7 (wide) enjoyed around the world. It 8 (discover) that tea can make people feel relaxed. What’s more, tea has become an important part of Chinese culture. People in China often serve tea 9 guests when they visit. In recent years, many tea art shows 10 (hold) to teach young people about the history and culture of tea. They help to spread Chinese tea culture to more countries. Passage 4 （2025·江苏徐州·三模）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 I was tidying my room yesterday and found an old photo between the pages of a notebook. The photo was taken ten years ago. As I was looking at it, the 1 (love) memory of that day came back to me. It 2 my mother’s birthday, and I decided 3 (give) her a surprise with home-made scrambled eggs. In the quiet of the early morning, I got up quickly and stole softly into the kitchen. I had never cooked anything before, so I tried to copy how she did it every day. 4 somehow the eggs ended up burnt. When I saw the dark burnt eggs, it was as if the whole world turned grey. I was about to throw everything away. Just then, my mother 5 (appear) in the doorway. “What’s my little cook creating?” she asked with a smile. I showed her the eggs and 6 (happy) explained what happened. To my surprise, she tasted them, and said they weren’t bad. I guess love is indeed magic. In fact, we ended up laughing and ate 7 all. It is one of the most important 8 (memory) of my life. This weekend is her 9 (forty) birthday. I’ll make her scrambled eggs again, and this time they won’t 10 (burn)! They will be perfectly golden. Passage 5 （2026·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）根据短文内容，在空格内填入一个适当的单词或者用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整。 Zootopia Ⅱ was released in China and North America on November 26, 2025, and became a global hit overnight. It 1 (make) over 2 billion yuan in China in the past ten days and has got an 8.7 score on Douban. Many teens were 2 (excite) about it and had discussions with 3 (they) partners about the story after watching, making it the most popular animated film of the year. Set in the animal city full 4 harmony (和谐), the film follows Judy and Nick. In the 5 (begin), the pair once had big conflicts but refused to give up their friendship. They met a snake who was misunderstood by others, and overcame many 6 (difficulty) to solve a hidden case. Finally, they regained trust and discovered the real plot behind the group conflict, protecting the peace of Zootopia. The movie’s classic lines (经典台词) are filled with profound (深刻的) wisdom. 7 sentence “Change starts with you” teaches us to take steps to make a difference, and “Don’t let prejudice be a wall” reminds us to pay attention to respecting differences. These words help us build up confidence in 8 (face) challenges. Zootopia series are 9 (deep) loved by people for many reasons. Their funny scenes and meaningful themes not only attract viewers, 10 also match Chinese culture well—it shows harmony (a core traditional idea) and adds elements like paper-cutting and lanterns. Passage 6 （2025·江苏泰州·三模）根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词。 People need to drink enough water every day. Sometimes, you might not finish drinking your glass of water before 1 (go) to bed. You might want to drink it the next morning. 2 have you ever wondered if it is still safe to drink? “If you have clean water in 3 clean glass, you’re fine to drink it for a day or two,” Kellogg Schwab from the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute in the US told Times. But you may find that it 4 (taste) strange. That’s because after about 12 hours the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air reacts with the water in your glass, slightly lowering the PH level of water. Also, there might be more microorganisms (微生物) in your water if you leave it out overnight. Microorganisms grow much 5 (quick) at room temperature. These microorganisms can stick to your glass. They can make you get sick more easily. But if you clean your glasses very often, this 6 (not be) a problem. In countries like the US and UK, people often drink water directly from the tap. This is OK—however, tap water can’t be stored for a long time. Most experts say that tap water has a shelf life (保存期限) of six months, according to Zane Satterfield from West Virginia University, US. After six months, there is less chlorine (氯) in the water and bacteria (细菌) start to grow. You’d better 7 (not drink) the water, or you may get sick. What about plastic water bottles? Schwab said people should be careful with 8 . If you leave a bottle of water in the sun or a car 9 a long period of time, the plastic produces a chemical 10 (call) BPA．This chemical can cause heart disease. 10 / 11乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $